Cosmological Results from Planck
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Transcript of Cosmological Results from Planck
Cosmological Resultsfrom Planck
Marian DouspisIAS-Orsay
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CITA – ICAT
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDIDI MILANO
ABabcdfghiejkl
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The scientific results that we present today are a product of the Planck Collaboration, including individuals from more than 100 scientific institutes in Europe, the USA and Canada
Planck is a project of the
European Space Agency, with instruments
provided by two scientific Consortia
funded by ESA member states (in particular
the lead countries: France and Italy) with
contributions from NASA (USA), and telescope reflectors
provided in a collaboration between ESA
and a scientific Consortium led and funded by
Denmark.
2
CITA – ICAT
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDIDI MILANO
ABabcdfghiejkl
2
The scientific results that we present today are a product of the Planck Collaboration, including individuals from more than 100 scientific institutes in Europe, the USA and Canada
Planck is a project of the
European Space Agency, with instruments
provided by two scientific Consortia
funded by ESA member states (in particular
the lead countries: France and Italy) with
contributions from NASA (USA), and telescope reflectors
provided in a collaboration between ESA
and a scientific Consortium led and funded by
Denmark.
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck 3
• Planck
• Maps
• CMB Likelihoood
• CMB Results on LCDM
• CMB results on extentions
• LSS results
• Next....
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Planck
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Launch: May 14 2009
• 2 Instruments HFI+LFI• Observation in 9 frequency bands• 22 radiometers (LFI) and 56 sensitive / fast bolometers (HFI)
• 5 stages cryogenic cooling chain
• Aug. 2009: survey started• Nov. 2010: nominal mission (2 surveys) achieved
• Mid-Jan. 2012: extended cryogenic mission (5 surveys) achieved
• Summer 2013: warm mission achieved
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Why Planck ?
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At decision time (~1992)
At launch
At my PhD (~2000)
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Why Planck ?
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Probing large and small scales with same instrument to avoid calibration problems
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Why Planck ?
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WMAP SPT
Probing low and high frequencies to have a better handle on contaminating foregrounds
30 44 77 100 143 217 353 545 857
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Planck-HFI: technological success
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1.6 K
Cryostat He3/He4
Extremely complex but extremely stable cryogenic chain
100 mK
4 K
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Planck-HFI: technological success
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1.6 K
Cryostat He3/He4
Extremely complex but extremely stable cryogenic chain
100 mK
4 K
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Planck: data analysis success
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143 GHz
545 GHz
blind bolometer
Galaxycosmics
Dipole
33GHz 44GHz 70GHz
100GHz 143GHz 217GHz
353GHz 545GHz 857GHz
800 GB from L21010 sample per bolometer5.107 pixels per map
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Planck: Scientific success
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Early Results• Release of Point sources and SZ catalogues• based on 11 month of data• 27 papers
Results • Release of maps, catalogues, ...• based on 14 month of data• 28 papers
Intermediate Results • based on 11 month of data• 13 papers
2011 2013
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Some press coverage
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March 21st or 22nd, 2013
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
2011+2013 Release
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• Maps per frequency
• CMB maps
• component maps
• Lensing map
• Dust opacity map
• point sources catalogues
• SZ catalogue
• Likelihood ...
PLA: Planck Legacy Archive:http://pla.esac.esa.int/pla/aio/planckProducts.html
LAMBDA:http://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck 13
• Planck
• Maps
• CMB Likelihoood
• CMB Results on LCDM
• CMB results on extentions
• LSS results
• Next....
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
2013 Results
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Low frequency CO Dust
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Planck CMB map
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck 16
From M. Tristram
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck 17
From M. Tristram
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck 18
From M. Tristram
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Angular power spectrum
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Angular power spectrum
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Angular power spectrum
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
CMB from space
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Cosmology
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• Amplitude of the fluctuations mostly from the plateau
• Sound horizon: first peak location
• Total matter: changes the contrast between the peaks
• Baryon density: changes the ratio between peak heights (inertia)
• Reionisation optical depth: damps small scales. Constrained from large scale polarisation but also marginally from lensing
• H0: derived from above parameters
• Curvature: large scales (ISW) small scales (lensing)
• Neutrino masses: small scales (lensing)
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck 22
• Planck
• Maps
• CMB Likelihoood
• CMB Results on LCDM
• CMB results on extentions
• LSS results
• Next....
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Likelihood large scales• pixel based likelihood for l=[2,49]
• CMB map @ low resolution
• 4 algorithms: very similar results
• Error: dominated by cosmic variance
• Anomaly: points lower than best model, no effect on cosmology
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Likelihood small scales• Cl likelihood for l=[50,2500]
• power spectra of maps @ 100, 143, 217 GHz
• No foreground cleaning in maps, but optimized masks and l-regions
• Modelling of CMB+contaminants
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Likelihood
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Cmodel
`
= CCMB
`
+ Cdust
`
+ Ccib+sz
`
+ Cpoisson
`
+ Cksz
`
Cmodel
`
? ⌘? Cdata
`
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck 26
• Planck
• Maps
• CMB Likelihoood
• CMB Results on LCDM
• CMB results on extentions
• LSS results
• Next....
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
ΛCDM• 6 parameters
• 2 primordial spectrum
• 1 expansion rate
• 2 paramaters for densities
• reionization
• Hypothesis (relaxed for extension)
• Flat Universe• No running• No tensor
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• 3 neutrinos species
• Standard neutrinos with low mass
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Results• +WP : WMAP polarisation (TE+EE @ low-l)
‣ breaks As-tau degeneracy
• +HighL : +SPT+ACT for l in [2000,2500]
‣ better foreground handling
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Standard cosmology
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18 fold diminution in constraint volume compared to WMAP9 + SPT33 marginalised nuisance + foreground parameters
%-level cosmologySimple LCDM model works remarkably well
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Standard cosmology
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18 fold diminution in constraint volume compared to WMAP9 + SPT33 marginalised nuisance + foreground parameters
%-level cosmologySimple LCDM model works remarkably well
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Heavier and older Universe
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H0.............. 70.0 + 2.2 67.80 ± 0.77Age............. 13.74 + 0.11 13.798 ± 0.037
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
(dis)agreement
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Error bars divided by 2
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
(dis)agreement
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck 33
100 500 1000 2000Multipole moment �
0
500
1000
1500
�2 D�[m
K2 ]
ns = 0.96ns = 1.00
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Inflation
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Starting to exclude some inflation modelsScale invariant perturbation clearly excluded
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Inflation
• Measuring bispectrum: Search for specific shapes in the 3pt correlation function → Local type
• WMAP9 constraints on nonlinearity parameter fNL local = 37 ± 20
• Upper bound limits extensions of singl-field slow role inflation models
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck 36
• Planck
• Maps
• CMB Likelihoood
• CMB Results on LCDM
• CMB results on extentions
• LSS results
• Next....
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Curvature
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Flat Universe
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Other implications
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• q: sound horizon is determined by the position of the 7 peaks, and now measured at 0.05% precision
• spatially flat Universe
• ns: exact scale invariance of the primordial fluctuations is ruled out, at more than 7s (as predicted by base inflation models)
• Nucleosynthesis ok
• Upper limit on neutrino masses
• 3 neutrinos species favored by Planck
• no evidence for dynamical dark energy• no evidence for running index dns/dlnk
q = 1.04147± 0.00056
ns = 0.9608± 0.0054
Xm⌫ < 0.23eV
Neff = 3.30+0.54�0.51
Yp = �0.267± 0.044
⌦k = �0.0007± 0.0033
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck 39
Cosmological model established with exquisit CMB
but
Planck is not only a CMB machine !
Planck probes:
Dark matter distribution → CMB lensing Hot gas content → Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effectStar formation → Cosmic IR Background
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
CMB lensing: matter tracer• Gravitational effect of the
LSS @ z=2 affects the observed CMB
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CMB lensing detected at 25σ
significance
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
CMB lensing: matter tracer
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• Reconstructed projected mass map
• Correlation with external tracers agrees well
Planck LCDM in agreement with z=2 structures
Quasars – z ~ 1 Galaxy clusters – z ~ 0.2
Galaxies – z~ 0.5 Galaxies – z ~ 0.1
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
CIB: galaxy tracer
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• This maps primarily show the Cosmic Infrared Background, emission from warm dust in distant star-forming galaxies at redshifts between 1 and 3
• CIB = HFI - dust - CMB - PointSources
• Sub-degree clustered structures correlate between frequencies Southern cap at 353 GHz
results 2011
201140deg2
2013>1000deg2
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
CIBxlensing: dark matter tracer
Stacking the Planck mass maps at the positions of peaks and troughs of Cosmic Infrared Background leads to a strong detection of the mass associated with these distant star forming galaxies. This is mostly Dark Matter.
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1º
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
SZ effect: hot baryon tracer
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Electron énergétique
Amas de Galaxies: galaxies + gaz
CMB photon
Photon diffusé plus chaud
R. A. Sunyaev Ya. B. Zeldovich
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
SZ effect: hot baryon tracer
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Electron énergétique
Amas de Galaxies: galaxies + gaz
CMB photon
Photon diffusé plus chaud
R. A. Sunyaev Ya. B. Zeldovich
“Hole in the sky”
SZ,Comments on Astrophysics and Space Physics 1972
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
SZ effect: hot baryon tracer
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Electron énergétique
Amas de Galaxies: galaxies + gaz
CMB photon
Photon diffusé plus chaud
R. A. Sunyaev Ya. B. Zeldovich
“Hole in the sky”
SZ,Comments on Astrophysics and Space Physics 1972
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Planck: SZ machine
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Planck SZ catalogue
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• PSZ based on [100-857]GHz maps
• 3 detection algorithms
• on ~84% of the sky
• 1227 clusters & candidates
• 683 previously known
• 178 new clusters• 366 candidates
• z in [0-1]
• M in [1~20] 1014 M☉• Mmed ~ 3.5 1014 M☉
• see Planck 2013 XXIX & PLA
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
SZ cluster number counts
• Reference mass function: Tinker et al.
• Reference scaling Y-M: based on 71 Planck clusters
• Reference selection function: based on Planck noise maps
• Reference sample: S/N selected sample of 189 PSZ clusters
Internal consistency: use mostly Planck information
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(1-b): bias between hydrostatic equilibrium mass and total mass
0.50 2.0
-120
-600
60120
-75
-60
-45
-30
-15
0
15
30
45
60
75
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Constraints from SZ counts
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SZ+BAOSZ+HST
degeneracy �8(⌦m/0.29)0.32
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M. Douspis, 03/04/2013, Cosmology from Planck SZ cluster counts
Robustness• Reference run (SZ+BAO)
• S/N>8 sample
• MMF1 sample
• MC-based completeness
• Reference run (SZ+BAO)
• Free redshift evolution of scaling
• Watson et al. mass function
• (1-b) in [0.7-1.0]
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95% CL
95% CL
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Coherent view from clusters
• Comparison with some Optical, X-rays, SZ constraints using clusters
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0.
700.
750.
800.
850.
900.
95
m8(1
M/0
.27)
0.3
WL*
X-rays*
MaxBCG*
ACT
SPTPlanck
Planck
SPT
WMAP
Clusters CMBLSS
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Comparison with CMB• Higher values of Ωm,σ8 in
Planck CMB analysis
• 3σ tension
• More general tension between clusters and CMB ?
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SZ+BAOCMB
0.
700.
750.
800.
850.
900.
95
m8(1
M/0
.27)
0.3
WL*
X-rays*
MaxBCG*
ACT
SPTPlanck
Planck
SPT
WMAP
Clusters CMBLSS
100
101
102
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0z
dNdz
Best model from Planck CMBBest model from y-mapBest modelPlanck counts
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
SZ counts & CMB• Getting higher σ8 from clusters
• Change scaling
• Change bias
• Account for missing clusters
• Getting lower σ8 from CMB
• Change initial power spectrum
• Change transfert function
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
SZ counts & CMB• Higher σ8 in clusters
• (1-b)=0.55
• open question on baryons
• Only few missed clusters
• Lower σ8 in CMB
• running not enought
• massive neutrino
• 2 possible solutions that reconcile SZ & CMB
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SZ+CMB, b = 0.8SZ+CMB, b in [0.7-1]CMB
SZ+CMB+BAO, b [0.7-1]
SZ+CMB, b freeSZ+BAOCMB
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4Y mi
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
All sky map of the SZ signal• Adap ted componen t
separation methods based on:• constraints on emission
spectra + localisation in pixel and multipole domains
• 100 to 857GHz channel maps
• Resolved SZ clusters (from PSZ catalogue) account for a significant fraction of the tSZ signal in the reconstructed maps
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Coma O
North South
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Constraints from SZ map• Three component model on
50% of the sky:
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Cmodel
`
= CSZ
`
+ Ccib
`
+ CPS
`
First measure of SZ spectra from large to small scales
Consistency with cluster counts cosmology
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
And much more...• Anomalies
• ISW
• proto-clusters
• Galaxy
• ...
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• Planck 2013 results. I. Overview of products and results
• Planck 2013 results. II. Low Frequency Instrument data processing
• Planck 2013 results. III. LFI systematic uncertainties
• Planck 2013 results. IV. LFI beams
• Planck 2013 results. V. LFI calibration
• Planck 2013 results. VI. High Frequency Instrument data processing
• Planck 2013 results. VII. HFI time response and beams
• Planck 2013 results. VIII. HFI calibration and mapmaking
• Planck 2013 results. IX. HFI spectral response
• Planck 2013 results. X. HFI energetic particle effects
• Planck 2013 results. XI. Consistency of the data
• Planck 2013 results. XII. Component separation
• Planck 2013 results. XIII. Galactic CO emission
• Planck 2013 results. XIV. Zodiacal emission
• Planck 2013 results. XV. CMB power spectra and likelihood
• Planck 2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters
• Planck 2013 results. XVII. Gravitational lensing by large-scale structure
• Planck 2013 results. XVIII. The gravitational lensing-infrared background correlation
• Planck 2013 results. XIX. The integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect
• Planck 2013 results. XX. Cosmology from Sunyaev-Zeldovich cluster counts
• Planck 2013 results. XXI. All-sky Compton-parameter map and characterization
• Planck 2013 results. XXII. Constraints on inflation
• Planck 2013 results. XXIII. Isotropy and statistics of the CMB
• Planck 2013 results. XXIV. Constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity
• Planck 2013 results. XXV. Searches for cosmic strings and other topological defects
• Planck 2013 results. XXVI. Background geometry and topology of the Universe
• Planck 2013 results. XXVII. Special relativistic effects on the CMB dipole
• • Planck 2013 results. XXVIII. The Planck Catalogue of Compact Sources • Planck 2013 results. XXIX. The Planck catalogue of Sunyaev-Zeldovich sources
• Planck 2013 results. Explanatory supplement
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Conclusions• Planck CMB sets the new
standard LCDM
• No extended LCDM needed
• Agreement with small scales CMB, SN-union, BAO, lensing x-correlations
• Tension with HST/H0, clusters and SZ spectrum
• large scale anomaly ?
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• Planck probes z~1000
• but also
• Dark matter z≾2
• Baryons/gas z≾1
• Baryons/light z~2-3
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M. Douspis, 01/07/2013, Cosmology Results from Planck
Coming next• in 2014 !
• 15 → 30 month
• Polarisation
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Thank you !
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