COS STANDARD 9

Describe the significance of major battles, events, and consequences of World War II

campaigns, including North Africa, Midway, Normandy, Okinawa, the Battle of the Bulge,

Iwo Jima, and Yalta and Potsdam Conferences.

LOCATING ON A MAP OR GLOBE THE MAJOR BATTLES OF WORLD WAR II AND THE EXTENT OF THE ALLIED AND AXIS TERRITORIAL EXPANSION

DESCRIBING MILITARY STRATEGIES OF WORLD WAR II, INCLUDING BLITZKRIEG, ISLAND-HOPPING, AND AMPHIBIOUS LANDINGS

EXPLAINING REASONS FOR AND RESULTS OF DROPPING ATOMIC BOMBS ON JAPAN

EXPLAINING EVENTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF WAR CRIMES COMMITTED DURING WORLD WAR II, INCLUDING THE HOLOCAUST, THE BATAAN DEATH MARCH, THE NUREMBERG TRIALS, THE POST-WAR UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS, AND THE GENOCIDE CONVENTION

Chapter 24 and 25

Allies United States Britain France Soviet Union China

Axis Germany Italy Japan

Pearl Harbor Roosevelt’s goal is to help Britain and defeat

the Axis powers. Roosevelt restricts materials to other

countries. Japan gets mad and signs an alliance with the Axis.

July 1941: Roosevelt send Douglas MacArthur to the Philippines to build up defenses.

Japan decides to attack British and Dutch colonies in Southeast Asia, seize the Philippines and attack Pearl Harbor.

Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 Japan attacks Americans naval base in

Hawaii Sinks and damages 21 ships. Kills 2403 Americans December 8, 1941: America declares war

on Japan December 11, 1941: Germany and Italy

declare war on US. “A date which will live in infamy.”

Pearl Harbor

Pearl Harbor

Pearl Harbor

Pearl Harbor

Pearl Harbor Newspapers

Pearl Harbor

Bataan Death March Chester Nimitz: commander

of the US Navy in the Pacific Douglas MacArthur takes

his badly outnumbered troops and retreat to the Bataan Peninsula.

Roosevelt orders the troops to retreat to Australia.

The Allied defenders will surrender at Bataan Peninsula.

Thousands die on the Bataan Death March to a Japanese prison camp.

Bataan Death March

Bataan Death March

Douglas MacArthur

Midway Japan wants to attack the Midway Islands,

last American base in the North Pacific west of Hawaii.

Lure American destroyers into battle and cut their supply lines to Australia.

Failed: US had a team of code breakers who broke the Japanese code.

Turning point in the Pacific: stopped the Japanese advance into the Pacific.

Midway

North Africa Dwight Eisenhower is the commander of the

troops in North Africa. George Patton led the American forces in

Morocco and captured the city of Casablanca. Battle of Kasserine Pass: 1st time Americans

come in contact with Germans Outnumbered, outmaneuvered; huge loses for

America. Patton is put in command and pushes the Germans

back. May 13, 1943, German forces in North Africa

surrendered.

North Africa

Stalingrad Hitler wants to take the Soviets out of the

war by hurting their economy. Capture oil fields, industries and farmlands

vital to the Soviet Union. Germans tried to capture Stalingrad. Soviets

held their ground. Germans were surrounded and surrendered.

Turning point in Europe: it put the Germans on the defensive.

Italy Eisenhower is the overall commander. Patton and Montgomery is in charge of

the troops on the ground. Germans evacuate Sicily by August 18. Mussolini is arrested by the king of Italy. September 8, 1943 Italy surrendered. Hitler send Germans to seize control of

Italy and put Mussolini back in power. German retreat in May 1944.

Normandy Nicknamed: Operation Overlord, D-Day Planned invasion of France Eisenhower is commander Allies have the element of surprise June 6, 1944 Over 100,000 soldiers sailed to the coast

of France. 23,000 paratroopers were dropped inland.

Stormed the beaches called Utah, Omaha, Gold, Sword, and Juno

Normandy continued Utah Beach: easy, 3 hours and overtook

the beach and moved inland, Germans were weak

Omaha Beach: hard, intense German fire, over time Americans break through the German defenses.

Invasion: successful

Normandy

Normandy

Normandy

Winning back the Pacific Plan to defeat Japan: 2 pronged attack:

Island hopping Invasion to retake Philippines

Island Hopping began in fall of 1943 in Central Pacific with Admiral Nimitz Tarawa Atoll: difficult trip, amptrac Kwajalein Atoll: smoother, Marine captured

island. Mariana Islands: captured by Americans by

August 1944

Island Hopping

Winning back the Pacific continued

MacArthur invaded the Guadalcanal in August 1942.

By 1944, the American troops had captured enough land to surround Rabaul (main Japanese base in the region.)

Japan removed most of the troops from Rabaul.

MacArthur ordered his troops 600 miles past Rabaul and captured a base called Hollandia.

Winning back the Pacific continued MacArthur heads towards

the Philippines. Battle of Leyte Gulf:

kamikazes used for the 1st time, American destroyers left to defend another area, Japanese take advantage of this and attack. The Japanese believed the Americans would return soon and retreated.

Winning the Philippines back took a long time and was hard work. March 1945, MacArthur

finally captures Manila.

Winning back the Pacific continued

Aftermath Normandy After the Allied troops invaded Normandy,

they moved inward. The Allies liberated Paris on August 25. Three weeks later, the Allies were 20

miles from the German border.

Battle of the Bulge Hitler attempts one last time at cutting the

Allied supply lines through Antwerp, Belguim. On December 16, 1944, the Battle of the

Bulge catch the American troops off guard. Still, the Americans won. The Germans

withdrew. The battle gets its name for the way the

German lines bulged outward as they moved west.

The Americans cross the Rhine River and enter Germany.

Bulging Lines

Aftermath Battle of the Bulge

Hitler kills himself. Grand Admiral Karl Doenitz takes over.

He tried to surrender to America and Britain, but still tried to fight the Soviet Union.

Finally, he surrenders on May 7, 1945 May 8, 1945 V-E Day, Victory in Europe

Day.

Iwo Jima America attempts to bomb Japan, but miss

their target. They try to move closer to actually hit their

target: Iwo Jima. February 19, 1945 Americans land in Iwo Jima. 6,800 died before the island was captured. In the Mariana Islands, Curtis LeMay changed

the strategy of dropping napalm bombs. America firebombed 6 major Japanese cities.

Iwo Jima

Road to Japanese Surrender

Japan refuses to surrender. Americans invade Okinawa to prepare for

a fight. On April 1, 1945, American troops land in

Okinawa. By June 22, American troops captured

Okinawa. (12,000 people die) America decides to drop the atomic bomb

on Japan to get them to surrender. (Manhattan Project)

Manhattan Project Nickname of the

project to drop the atomic bomb

Enola Gay The atomic bomb is

dropped on Hiroshima (August 6) and Nagasaki (August 9).

By August 15, 1945, Japan surrendered.

World War II is over.

Enola Gay and kiss