Corruptions and Strategies to reduce corruptions in Cambodia
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Transcript of Corruptions and Strategies to reduce corruptions in Cambodia
Group 4: Prof: Bunthoen THUN
Pheng Dimang 59920
Chhi BunSam 48673 Chuop Sreynoch 51578
Kim BunchanChyvoan 76855 Chhorn Voleak 63473
Room: Prasat Preah Khan Term: April 07 2014
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SUBJECT: POLITICAL SCIENCE
Topic: Corruptions and Strategies to reduce
corruptions in Cambodia
Contents
1 Introduction• What is corruption?
• Corruption in Cambodia
2 Corruption Issues • Anti-corruption law effects in Cambodia
• Corruption consequences
• Standards expected from public services
3 What should be done to fight corruption?
4 Conclusions and Recommendations
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1. Introduction
•What is corruption?
• Corruption is am illegal actions that every countries
in the world try to omit it. Here are the definitions ofcorruption:
Corruption is the misuse of public power (by
elected politician or appointed civil servant) for privategain.
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What is corruption?
Dr. Petrus van Duyne: Corruption is an improbity or
decay in the decision-making process in which a decision-
maker consents to deviate or demands deviation from the
criterion which should rule his or her decision-making, in
exchange for a reward or for the promise or expectation of a
reward, while these motives influencing his or her decision-
making cannot be part of the justification of the decision.
Major corruption comes close whenever major events
involving large sums of money, multiple ‘players’, or huge
quantities of products (think of food and pharmaceuticals)
often in disaster situations, are at stake.
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Corruption in Cambodia
Corruption is perceived as abuse of power.
Its two main causes are thought to be officials’
low salaries and high officials’ greed for power and
wealth.
On the other hand, ordinary Cambodians lack
community solidarity, have little awareness of their
rights, and are afraid.
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Corruption in Cambodia
• According to T.I.’s 2012 Corruption Perceptions
Index (CPI), Cambodia ranked 157th among 176
countries and territories listed, with a score of just 22
out of 100—a slight improvement on last year’s ranking
of 164.
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2. Corruption Issues
• Corruption the big problem of developing our
country, there are many issues that we have to know
more and understand about.
After decades of civil war and political violence,
corruption has pervaded almost every sectors of
Cambodian public life, with a system of patronage
well entrenched in society. Both petty and grand forms
of corruption are widespread.
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2. Corruption Issues
• Law enforcement agencies are perceived as the
most corrupt and inefficient sectors, lacking the
independence, resources and capacity to effectively
investigate and prosecute corruption cases.
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Anti-corruption law effects in Cambodia
• As Cambodia has big corruption problem that must
be reduce, Cambodia government started to make The
Law to Anti-Corruption.
The Law on Anti-Corruption approved by the
National Assembly on March 11, 2010. The purpose is
to reduce the corruption in Cambodia, and is also help
Cambodia improve fast.
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Anti-corruption law effects in Cambodia
But since the law was start till nowadays, Law just is
on the paper. Cambodia continues to rank among the most
corrupt countries in the world and much need to be done to
enforce the Anti-Corruption Law and investigate allegations
of corruption. As our daily activity every day, we always
meet people live with corruption.
(“Transparency International (T.I.) Cambodia”)
They always use their money or property to get the
power or do everything that they want to do.
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Corruption consequences
When we say about the consequences, Corruption
has many problems that effect to all people in
Cambodia. Our country cannot be developed properlyby corruption also. According to the book “Saart SaOm”
wrote that; “Corruption invariably implies the notion of
taking advantage, prevaricating, exploiting others.
Teachers head the list of the corrupt which is
compounded by several examples of corruption based
on familism (Krousa Niyum) and partyism (Pak Puok
Niyum).
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Corruption consequences• This general perception derives from day-to-day
routine. Most respondents report very similar
personal encounters with corruption, linked to their
daily living experience.
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Teachers 44%
Commune/Sangkat officials 37%
Traffic police 33%
Nobody 25%
Local police 21%
Govt officials 8%
This is a consequences of corruption
Standards expected from public services
• In this table provides a fairly reliable impression
of how Cambodians consider public employment:
How much should one pay to obtain a simple
Government job (e.g. police)?
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Nothing 7%
Up to 100 US$ 22%
Up to 500 US$ 27%
Up to 1,000 US$ 14%
More than 1,000 US$ 9%
Don’t know/ No answer 21%
Standards expected from public services
• As our daily life and activity. We are agree that the structure of
Government cannot control the bureaucracy everywhere, that’s the
cause of corruption: for instance having many different collectors of
tax payments - tax officers, local police, traffic police, firemen…
Here are the mains causes of corruption:
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Officials have low salaries 49%
Officials want money to become more powerful 27%
Cambodia is getting richer and so officials are greedier 25%
People don't understand well how damaging corruption is 23%
Officials threaten people if people don't pay 20%
Denouncing corruption can be dangerous 18%
People are always ready to give a little gift to an official 15%
What should be done to fight corruption
in Cambodia? Corruption is observed as impossible to eliminate
completely, but respondents without dissent thought it
could be reduced if the salaries of officials were
substantially raised.
Most officials would be then ashamed to keep
asking for money. This action should be combined with
a strong anti-corruption law, to be actively enforced,
and with more pressure on the part of donor countries,
IOs and NGOs.
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What should be done to fight corruption
in Cambodia?
Fighting corruption is the responsibility of every Cambodian.
Corruption can be reduced if we all work together. You can help to
reduce corruption in a number of ways:
Refuse to accept bribes or pay bribes
Always ask for a receipt when paying a government fee or
other fees
Ask officials what they use unofficial payments for when you
are asked to pay them
Allow time for official procedures to be followed and refuse
to pay the speed fee
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What should be done to fight corruption
in Cambodia?
Encourage local government offices to publicize official fees
Let your commune council members know that you are
concerned about corruption
Take an active interest in the development of projects in your
commune
Ask your commune council for copies of official project budgets
and documents
Advocate for the passing of an Freedom of Information Law
Let your member of parliament know that you are concerned
about the government passing an international standard anti-
corruption law
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What should be done to fight corruption
in Cambodia? As a result, the most important part of the Anti-
corruption law will be the establishment of an independent
anti-corruption body that will investigate and prosecute
cases of corruption.
The best choices to combat corruption, we should take
proper measures such as streaming administrative
procedures, simplifying and modernizing the tax system,
eliminating excessive regulation, and motivating public
servants in order to reduce the opportunities for corruption.
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Conclusions and Recommendations
Corruption is perceived, above all, as abuse of
power. Respondents saw it as pervasive, a permanent
part of Cambodian life; it implies giver/taker co-
operation; it has some social utility.
The main two perceived causes are officials’ low
salaries and high officials’ greed for power and its
trappings: they work as a dual mechanism, top-to-
bottom and back. But people’s ignorance of corruption’s
damages and their readiness to give officials “a little
gift” are important too.
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Conclusions and Recommendations
A positive note is that awareness of
corruption-related matters is growing. It could be
developed – through appropriate campaigns -
into an awareness of what are the right costs of
the most common Govenment services, and into
a more widespread habit of asking for receipt
when asked for money.
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Thank You For your attention
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