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SSPC/NACE JOINT STANDARD PRACTICE SSPC CPC-1/NACE SP21412-2020

Corrosion Prevention and Control Planning This SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings/NACE International joint standard represents a consensus of those individual members who have reviewed this document, its scope, and provisions. Its acceptance does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has adopted the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not in conformance with this standard practice. Nothing contained in this SSPC/NACE standard is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, to manufacture, sell, or use in connection with any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent, or as indemnifying or protecting anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent. This standard represents minimum requirements and should in no way be interpreted as a restriction on the use of better procedures or materials not discussed herein. Neither is this standard intended to apply in all cases relating to the subject. Unpredictable circumstances may negate the usefulness of this standard in specific instances. SSPC and NACE assume no responsibility for the interpretation or use of this standard by other parties, and accept responsibility for only those official SSPC or NACE interpretations issued by SSPC or NACE in accordance with their governing procedures and policies, which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual volunteers.

Users of this SSPC/NACE standard are responsible for reviewing appropriate health, safety, and regulatory documents and for determining their applicability in relation to this standard prior to its use. This SSPC/NACE standard may not necessarily address all potential health and safety problems or environmental hazards associated with the use of materials, equipment, and/or operations detailed or referred to within this standard. Users of this SSPC/NACE standard also are responsible for establishing appropriate health, safety, and environmental protection practices, in consultation with appropriate regulatory authorities if necessary, to achieve compliance with any existing applicable regulatory requirements prior to the use of this standard.

CAUTIONARY NOTICE: This SSPC/NACE joint standard is subject to periodic review, and may be revised or withdrawn at any time in accordance with SSPC/NACE technical committee procedures. SSPC and NACE require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of initial publication and subsequently from the date of each reaffirmation or revision. The user is cautioned to obtain the latest edition. Purchasers of SSPC/NACE standards may receive current information on all standards and other SSPC/NACE joint publications by contacting the organizations at the addresses below:

SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings 800 Trumbull Drive

Pittsburgh PA 15205-4365 +1 412-281-2331

NACE International 15835 Park Ten Place

Houston, TX 77084-5145 +1 281-228-6200

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Foreword

Corrosion costs the United States of America an estimated $451B annually.1 While guidance existed for corrosion prevention and control (CPC) planning, there wasn’t a published standard that defined the key elements/composition of CPC planning for all public and private sector users as well as the suppliers of products (all equipment, systems, platforms, vehicles, support equipment and items necessary to perform a specific function or mission including all components of such items) and facilities (all buildings, structures, airfields, port facilities, surface and subterranean utility systems, heating and cooling systems, fuel tanks, pavements and bridges). This standard on CPC planning is needed to support future CPC improvements to procurement/contracting and sustainability of products and facilities at an acceptable cost. Inclusion of the appropriate levels of CPC requirements in individual statements of work (SOW), contracts and agreements is inconsistent across the enormous number of products and facilities projects acquired and sustained in both the public and private sectors. Referencing an approved standard that defines deterioration of materials, CPC planning characteristics and the appropriate application of CPC technologies and practices provides uniformity; is a more practical and reliable method to influence acquisition and sustainability programs; and is of benefit to all stakeholders.

SSPC and NACE have developed this joint standard for CPC planning. This document provides a standardized framework for a supplier’s plan to prevent and control corrosion on products and facilities. The standard is intended for use by public and private owners and purchasing agencies that require their suppliers or facility owners to address CPC as an aspect of their purchased product or facility deliverable. The standard includes such items as:

• Attributes that impact planning for CPC• Considerations for material selection and design to minimize corrosion• Items or topics that should be addressed in corrosion prevention and control planning which affect

CPC in design, fabrication and construction, operation and use, and maintenance and sustainability• Characteristics of the key elements of CPC planning• Approaches to CPC assessment

This standard was prepared in 2016 and revised in 2020 by Joint Task Group (JTG) 527, Corrosion Prevention and Control Planning Standard, a task group comprised of representatives from SSPC and NACE. Within NACE, JTG 527 is administered by Specific Technology Group (STG) 08 on Corrosion Management and sponsored by STG 40 on Military and Aerospace Systems and Facilities. Within SSPC, JTG 527 is administered as a task group within the SSPC C.4.11 committee on Corrosion Prevention and Control Planning. This standard is published by SSPC under Committee C.4.11 and by NACE under the auspices of STG 08.

In SSPC/NACE standards, the terms shall, must, should, and may are used in accordance with Paragraph 2.2.1.8 of the Agreement between NACE International and SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings. The terms shall and must are used to state mandatory requirements. The term should is used to state something that is considered good and is recommended but is not mandatory. The term may is used to state something that is considered optional.

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Table of Contents Foreword ............................................................................................................................ 1

Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ 2 Section 1: General ............................................................................................................... 4

1.1 Background ................................................................................................................ 4

1.2 Scope and Limitations ................................................................................................. 4

1.3 Overview of Topics Covered by this Standard ............................................................... 4

Section 2: Checklists for Corrosion Prevention and Control (CPC) Planning ............................. 4

Section 3: Elements of Corrosion Prevention and Control (CPC) Planning ................................ 7

3.1 Strategy ..................................................................................................................... 7

3.2 CPC Design Considerations ......................................................................................... 7

3.3 CPC Management Considerations ................................................................................ 8

3.4 CPC Sustainability Considerations ............................................................................... 9

3.5 Other Considerations .................................................................................................. 9

Section 4: Product-Specific CPC Planning Elements ............................................................. 10

4.1 Supportability: .......................................................................................................... 10

4.2 Product Qualification: ............................................................................................... 10

4.3 Life Extension Strategy: ............................................................................................ 11

Section 5: Facility-Specific CPC Planning Elements ............................................................. 11

5.1 Planning and Programming: ....................................................................................... 11

5.2 Project Development: ................................................................................................ 11

5.3 Design Considerations for CPC: ................................................................................. 11

5.4 Construction: ............................................................................................................ 12

5.5 Sustainability: .......................................................................................................... 12

5.6 Facilities CPC Procedure Example: ............................................................................ 12

Section 6: CPC Planning Assessment .................................................................................. 12

6.1 CPC Planning Key Element Assessment: .................................................................... 12

6.2 Overall CPC Planning Effectiveness: .......................................................................... 13

References ..................................................................................................................... 13

Definitions .................................................................................................................... 14

Acronyms ...................................................................................................................... 15

Appendix A Support Information for Elements of CPC Planning ............................................. 16

A3.0 General Elements of CPC Planning .......................................................................... 16

A3.1 Strategy ................................................................................................................. 16

A3.2 Design .................................................................................................................. 17

A3.3 Management .......................................................................................................... 23

A3.4 Sustainability ......................................................................................................... 26

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A3.5 Other Considerations .............................................................................................. 28

A4.0 Product-Specific CPC Planning Elements ................................................................. 30

A4.1 Supportability ........................................................................................................ 30

A4.2 Product/System Qualification: ................................................................................. 32

A4.3 Life Extension Strategy: ......................................................................................... 35

A5.0 Facilities-Specific CPC Planning Elements ............................................................... 35

A5.1 Planning and Programming ..................................................................................... 35

A5.2 Project Development .............................................................................................. 36

A5.3 Design Considerations for CPC ............................................................................... 38

A5.4 Construction .......................................................................................................... 39

A5.5 Sustainability ......................................................................................................... 40

Appendix B ....................................................................................................................... 42

Section B6: CPC Planning Assessment ................................................................................ 43

B6.1 CPC Planning Key Element Assessment: .................................................................. 43

B6.2 Overall CPC Planning Effectiveness: ....................................................................... 44

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Section 1: General

1.1 Background

Corrosion costs the United States an estimated $451B annually;1 and specifically for the Department of Defense (DoD), this cost exceeds $20B annually.2 For the purpose of this standard, the Congressional definition of corrosion cited in Title 10 United States Code (USC) §2228 will be used, which states that “Corrosion is the deterioration of a material or its properties due to a reaction of that material with its chemical environment.”3

The most efficient method to address this staggering impact is to execute corrosion prevention and control (CPC) planning as a fundamental management tool for effectively addressing and reducing the impact of corrosion at every succeeding stage throughout the product’s or facility’s life. Program and Project Managers should tailor their CPC approach to fit the needs of their specific program or project across its life cycle. CPC planning requires the participation of all stakeholders including the end user. Cost effective material sustainability is best accomplished through inclusion of CPC during requirements development and initial design, rather than re-engineering or retro-fitting fielded products and constructed facilities, so it is especially important to ensure that CPC is addressed as early in the cycle as possible.

This joint standard for CPC planning provides a uniform, efficient and cost-effective application of CPC principles, technologies and best practices over the lifespan of a product or facility and leads to lower life cycle costs.

1.2 Scope and Limitations

This standard was developed at the request of the U.S. Department of Defense to define the key elements/composition of what CPC planning encompasses for design, manufacturing, construction, operation and sustainability of products and facilities. While products and facilities follow different processes and requirements, this standard attempts to provide both areas with assistance in determining the best approach for CPC planning with the desired outcome of realizing the useable service life consistent with the investment and expectations.

1.3 Overview of Topics Covered by this Standard

• CPC Planning Checklists• Elements of CPC Planning and their characteristics• Attributes that contribute to or affect CPC Planning considerations for material selection and design• Miscellaneous issues that affect CPC in the design, fabrication and construction, operation and use,

and maintenance and sustainability• Definitions relevant to this standard• Approaches to CPC assessment

Section 2: Checklists for Corrosion Prevention and Control (CPC) Planning

CPC planning consists of the application of various elements and aspects that can be used to establish a standardized approach towards managing CPC for products and facilities across their life cycle. CPC planning should include program management, engineering (including systems engineering), logistics, test and evaluation, budget/funding, end users and procurement/contracting. The following checklists (Tables 1 and 2) provide a listing of the basic elements of CPC planning which should be considered during any program/project and should be tailored to meet the requirements of the specific need. The user may select some or all of the elements for the specific program/project using this standard. For example, if warranties are not part of the subject program/project, don’t include that as part of the checklist. These checklist tables include a hot link for each element to its corresponding requirement statement. Each requirement statement is subsequently hot linked to details and guidance specific to that element contained in Appendix A (nonmandatory).

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Table 1 Products Checklist

CPC Planning Area Requirement Guidance CPC Planning Element

Strategy 3.1 A3.1 Strategy 3.1.1 A3.1.1 Requirements 3.1.2 A3.1.2 CPC Assessment

Design 3.2.1 A3.2.1

Mission, Usage, Location and Operational Environment

3.2.2 A3.2.2 Design/Useful Life 3.2.3 A3.2.3 Legacy Best Practices and Lessons Learned 3.2.4 A3.2.4 Material Selection 3.2.5 A3.2.5 Finishing Specification 3.2.6 A3.2.6 Protective/Preservation Measures 3.2.7 A3.2.7 Durability 3.2.8 A3.2.8 Costs 3.2.9 A3.2.9 Risk Assessment

3.2.10 A3.2.10 Design Geometries

3.2.11 A3.2.11 Design Concept (New/Commercial Derivative/etc.)

3.2.12 A3.2.12 Miscellaneous Design Considerations Management 3.3.1 A3.3.1 Organizational Structure

3.3.2 A3.3.2 Liaison with Internal/External Organizations 3.3.3 A3.3.3 Contracting Requirements 3.3.4 A3.3.4 Resourcing 3.3.5 A3.3.5 Configuration Management 3.3.6 A3.3.6 Issue Identification and Resolution Processes 3.3.7 A3.3.7 Data Management/Intellectual Property 3.3.8 A3.3.8 Inventory Management

Sustainability 3.4.1 A3.4.1 Storage Environments 3.4.2 A3.4.2 Operations and Maintenance Data 3.4.3 A3.4.3 Miscellaneous Product/Facility Aspects

Other Considerations 3.5.1 A3.5.1

HazMat/EPA/Federal Laws/Local Rules Affecting CPC

3.5.2 A3.5.2 Prohibited Materials 3.5.3 A3.5.3 Training 3.5.4 A3.5.4 Warranties

Supportability 4.1.1 A4.1.1 Sustainability 4.1.2 A4.1.2 Maintenance Planning

4.1.3 A4.1.3

Monitoring/Inspections/Periodic Assessments

Product Qualification 4.2.1 A4.2.1 Fabrication & Production Processes

4.2.2 A4.2.2

Manufacturing Quality Assurance Program/Quality Control Plan

4.2.3 A4.2.3 Performance Demonstration 4.2.4 A4.2.4 Test Methodology

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CPC Planning Area Requirement Guidance CPC Planning Element

4.2.5 A4.2.5 Component/Assembly Testing 4.2.6 A4.2.6 Operational Testing 4.2.7 A4.2.7 Verification/Validation/Acceptance Criteria

Life Extension Strategy 4.3 A4.3 Life Extension Strategy

Table 2 Facilities Checklist

CPC Planning Area Requirement Guidance CPC Planning Element Strategy 3.1 A3.1 Strategy

3.1.1 A3.1.1 Requirements 3.1.2 A3.1.2 CPC Assessment

Design 3.2.1 A3.2.1

Mission Usage, Location and Operational Environment

3.2.2 A3.2.2 Design/Useful Life

3.2.3 A3.2.3

Legacy Best Practices and Lessons Learned

3.2.4 A3.2.4 Material Selection 3.2.5 A3.2.5 Finishing Specification 3.2.6 A3.2.6 Protective/Preservation Measures 3.2.7 A3.2.7 Durability 3.2.8 A3.2.8 Costs 3.2.9 A3.2.9 Risk Assessment

3.2.10 A3.2.10 Design Geometries

3.2.11 A3.2.11

Design Concept (New/Commercial Derivative/etc.)

3.2.12 A3.2.12 Miscellaneous Design Considerations Management 3.3.1 A3.3.1 Organizational Structure

3.3.2 A3.3.2

Liaison with Internal/External Organizations

3.3.3 A3.3.3 Contracting Requirements 3.3.4 A3.3.4 Resourcing 3.3.5 A3.3.5 Configuration Management

3.3.6 A3.3.6

Issue Identification and/Resolution Processes

3.3.7 A3.3.7 Data Management/Intellectual Property 3.3.8 A3.3.8 Inventory Management

Sustainability 3.4.1 A3.4.1 Storage Environments 3.4.2 A3.4.2 Operations and Maintenance Data 3.4.3 A3.4.3 Miscellaneous Product/Facility Aspects

Other Considerations 3.5.1 A3.5.1

HazMat/EPA/Federal Laws/Local Rules Affecting CPC

3.5.2 A3.5.2 Prohibited Materials 3.5.3 A3.5.3 Training 3.5.4 A3.5.4 Warranties

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CPC Planning Area Requirement Guidance CPC Planning Element

Planning and Programming 5.1 A5.1 Planning and Programming

Project Development 5.2 A5.2 Identify CPC Requirements 5.2.1 A5.2.1 Procurement/Contract Management 5.2.2 A5.2.2 Technical Reviews

Design Considerations for CPC 5.3 A5.3 CPC Requirements in Design Kickoff

5.3.1 A5.3.1 Environmental Severity 5.3.2 A5.3.2 CPC Features and Materials 5.3.3 A5.3.3 New CPC Technologies

Construction 5.4 A5.4

CPC Requirements in Construction Kickoff

5.4.1 A5.4.1 CPC in Design and Drawings 5.4.2 A5.4.2 Facility Turnover & Training

5.4.3 A5.4.3

Quality Assurance (QA), Quality Control (QC) & Commissioning (Cx) processes

Sustainability 5.5.1 A5.5.1 Preventive Maintenance Strategy 5.5.2 A5.5.2 Maintenance Program

Section 3: Elements of Corrosion Prevention and Control (CPC) Planning

The following section identifies the key CPC planning elements that should be considered to establish a standardized approach towards managing CPC of a product or facility across its life cycle. Managers should tailor the use of these elements or further specify additional requirements as needed for their specific program or project. Additional details supporting the elements of CPC planning are included in Appendix A.

3.1 Strategy

Develop a strategy that defines the approach being taken to address CPC for the targeted product or facility.

3.1.1 Requirements: Identify and assess the product’s or facility’s requirements based on its function, usage location / environment, intended life, interactions with other products or facilities, etc. in order to develop an effective CPC strategy.

3.1.2 CPC Assessment: Establish and utilize a methodology to assess the effectiveness of the CPC strategy/approach for the product’s or facility’s design, development, production/construction, usage/operation and maintenance/sustainment on a regular basis. Apply this methodology to all program/project documentation as well as all contractor prepared documentation.

3.2 CPC Design Considerations

3.2.1 Mission Usage, Location and Operational Environment: Incorporate the product’s or facility’s intended usage, location and operational environment into the programs/projects CPC planning strategy and design process.

3.2.2 Design/Useful Life: Assess the original intended design life of the product or facility as a factor in the development of the new design.

3.2.3 Legacy Best Practices and Lessons Learned: Leverage lessons learned from similar products and facilities and best practices from government and industry in the development of the design.

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3.2.4 Material Selection: Use materials that are resistant to corrosion to the extent practical in the design, construction, and maintenance to minimize the rate of deterioration for the usage as defined in Paragraph 3.2.1.

3.2.5 Finishing Specification: Develop a finish specification that defines the requirements for the materials and processes used for protection against environmental degradation.

3.2.6 Protective/Preservation Measures: Incorporate active and passive protection methodologies to help resist degradation by corrosion.

3.2.7 Durability: Ensure materials, finishes, design geometries, and protective measures provide a design capable of functioning to the component’s/assembly’s expected service life, while avoiding requirements for difficult or resource-intensive sustainability activities.

3.2.8 Costs: Assess the impact of CPC on product or facility cost, with the focus on life cycle costs.

3.2.9 Risk Assessment: Include corrosion risk assessment as part of the CPC approach.

3.2.10 Design Geometries: Include best CPC practices related to geometries in the design, such as effects of lap joints, sharp angles and bends, corners, dead ends, location of drain holes, fluid entrapment/drainage and inverted angles.

3.2.11 Design Concept (New/Commercial Derivative/etc.): Incorporate the design concept/approach into the CPC strategy.

3.2.12 Miscellaneous Design Considerations: • Describe the specifications and standards used to provide the details of materials, processes

and procedures and identify any verification required to be incorporated into the QualityAssurance (QA)/Quality Control (QC) processes.

• Describe the evaluation of CPC technical options impacting cost, schedule, availability andperformance.

• Describe the non-deviation assembly factors that are necessary for CPC, including:bonding, sealing, gasketing, and purging.

• Describe the reliance on or interdependence of new/different technologies through thedesign-build (DB) process.

• Describe how maintenance/repairability is considered in the design phase

3.3 CPC Management Considerations

3.3.1 Organizational Structure: Describe the organizational structure that will be used to address corrosion issues, risks and CPC, including how proposed CPC solutions will be reviewed and adjudicated.

3.3.2 Liaison with Internal/External Organizations: Describe how CPC activities will be coordinated with other teams/organizations both internally and externally.

3.3.3 Contracting Requirements: Incorporate the CPC strategy into the contract performance requirements in the procurement process and associated documentation (e.g. Request for Proposal [RFP], Statements of Work [SOWs], Statement of Objectives [SOO] and Performance Work Statement [PWS]).

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3.3.4 Resourcing: Ensure the availability of adequate resources to implement, maintain, and improve CPC planning. Resources should include, but are not limited to, human resources with specialized skills, organizational infrastructure, technology, and financial resources sufficient to provide the project-specific CPC planning needs that are described, in general, in this document.

3.3.5 Configuration Management: Identify how configuration management for CPC materials and processes will be maintained across the life cycle to ensure their effectiveness and supportability.

3.3.6 Issue Identification and Resolution Processes: Identify the process for how corrosion issues are to be planned for, identified, documented and resolved throughout the life cycle.

3.3.7 Data Management/Intellectual Property: Address how corrosion data and the intellectual property rights for this data are managed and incorporated into the program or project documentation.

3.3.8 Inventory Management: Identify how inventory management will affect CPC for the product or facility.

3.4 CPC Sustainability Considerations

3.4.1 Storage Environments: Assess the environment in which materials are stored as part of the program/project efforts to minimize corrosion effects.

3.4.2 Operations and Maintenance Data: Describe how corrosion related operations and maintenance data will be captured, maintained and used/assessed throughout the service life. Identify the feedback loop that will be used to address operational corrosion issues in new designs.

3.4.3 Miscellaneous Product/Facility Aspects:

• Describe the Maintenance/Repair Strategy that will be used to provide increased readinessand reduced repair cycle times through a disciplined application of CPC and continuousprocess improvement techniques.

• Describe how cleaning and maintenance are a part of CPC to prevent accumulation ofdebris, blocking of drains, defer painting in lieu of cleaning, and enhance monitoring ofCPC system health.

• Identify any support equipment required to assist in either performing the function orlogistic supportability.

3.5 Other Considerations

3.5.1 HazMat/EPA/Federal Laws/Local Rules Affecting CPC: Describe safety, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA),(1) environmental laws and/or regulations that influence the CPC characteristics of the design, manufacture/construction, sustainability/maintenance or disposal of the product or facility.

3.5.2 Prohibited Materials: Identify prohibited materials that impact CPC planning in the design, development, manufacture/construction, operation/use, maintenance, sustainability and/or disposal of the product or facility.

3.5.3 Training: Identify training for CPC required by personnel involved in the design, development, manufacture/construction, operation/use, maintenance and sustainability of the product or facility.

(1) U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 200 Constitution Ave. NW Washington, DC 20210.

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3.5.4 Warranties: Identify any warranties that will be provided that would cover corrosion damage and its mitigation for the product or facility.

Section 4: Product-Specific CPC Planning Elements

Products such as weapon systems, ships, aircraft, ground vehicles, construction equipment, petroleum exploration equipment, extraction equipment, and processing equipment typically have a very long service life (decades) and require maintenance/repair to sustain operations. These products also represent a large capital investment to produce/build and are expected to have a high operational availability. Therefore, it is particularly important to use proper CPC design, corrosion risk analysis and trade studies for sustainability support.

4.1 Supportability:

4.1.1 Sustainability:

Identify the key elements of sustainability that would be impacted by corrosion and how CPC would be addressed in each relevant element.

4.1.2 Maintenance Planning:

Identify what maintenance approach (time based, condition based, etc.) will be used for the product.

4.1.3 Monitoring/Inspection/Periodic Assessments:

Describe what CPC monitoring, inspections and assessments will be performed in the maintenance of the product.

4.2 Product Qualification:

Evaluate the adequacy of the design, manufacturing and testing to verify that the CPC requirements have been met.

4.2.1 Fabrication & Production Processes:

Describe any constraints of factory, shop and on-site assembly and application of CPC.

4.2.2 Manufacturing Quality Assurance Program/Quality Control Plan:

Describe the requirements for a quality assurance program and quality control plan including roles and responsibilities of all parties involved in the inspection and verification process defined in the management, CPC or production processes. This should also describe individual and organizational training and certification requirements, as well as any specific details for inspection, acceptance and remediation processes.

4.2.3 Performance Demonstration:

Describe the minimum CPC performance parameters and how they will be demonstrated.

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4.2.4 Test Methodology:

Describe the test methodologies to be used by the provider to prove achievement of minimum acceptable performance.

4.2.5 Component/Assembly Testing:

Describe the shop/factory testing of components/assemblies prior to delivery at the work site.

4.2.6 Operational Testing:

Identify and confirm the operational testing requirements to be used to verify that the CPC planning/process resulted in a corrosion resistant materiel solution before entering into the targeted full rate production of the product.

4.2.7 Verification/Validation/Acceptance Criteria:

Define what procedures and metrics will be used during the development stages to assure that a CPC product or solution fulfills the customer-specific requirements and that the product design is in accordance with applicable standards and meets requirements for operational, safety and environmental performance.

4.3 Life Extension Strategy:

Identify, assess and address any CPC challenges resulting from changes made to the product during its life.

Section 5: Facilities-Specific CPC Planning Elements

For facilities, this CPC Planning standard provides engineers, architects and sustainment professionals CPC insights affecting the entire life cycle. By using this standard and considering the completed facility over its entire life cycle, the following will be achieved: improved durability, life cycle and sustainment cost reductions, and improved mission effectiveness.

5.1 Planning and Programming:

Identify what level of CPC planning is required for the construction, operation and maintenance of the facility and incorporate into the project plan, budget and associated documentation.

5.2 Project Development:

Identify CPC requirements for inclusion in all appropriate project documentation, i.e., Statement of Work (SOW), Request for Proposal (RFP), Testing, Quality Assurance (QA), Quality Control (QC) and Commissioning (Cx) Plans, etc. and include CPC details in the appropriate justification, scope and estimate sections provided in the approval forms (e.g., DD-1391 Military Construction Project Data document, private and public sector project submission documents).

5.2.1 Procurement/Contract Management: Select the contract type or approach most appropriate to achieving the project objectives. Ensure that the RFP and associated designs and specification documents for Design-Build (DB), Design Bid Build (DBB) or Simplified Acquisition include CPC features where required, and leverage approved CPC standards and criteria.

5.2.2 Technical Reviews: Ensure that technical review requirements are established in the contractor’s proposal to assess the adequacy of the CPC in the design.

5.3 Design Considerations for CPC:

Include discussion of CPC requirements as part of the design kickoff discussion.

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5.3.1 Environmental Severity: Identify and address environmental severity issues where the facility is located for use in driving CPC decisions (e.g. humidity, temperature, salt spray in aggressive coastal or marine environments, caustic desert locales where wind-blown sand and particulates penetrate every crevice and erode surface materials).

5.3.2 CPC Features and Materials: Address CPC features having high maintenance requirements in the design and select the best Life Cycle Cost (LCC) material, coatings, active CPC systems and design geometries appropriate to budget and desired service life.

5.3.3 New CPC Technologies: Consider new, approved CPC technologies during selection and editing of criteria and specifications to include in CPC requirements.

5.4 Construction:

Discuss CPC requirements and expectations during construction kickoff meeting.

5.4.1 CPC in Design and Drawings: Ensure CPC requirements survive design and construction modifications and document CPC installed features in as-built drawings and project data. 5.4.2 Facility Turnover and Training: Ensure facility turnover includes discussion of constructed CPC features, and conduct CPC operator training for sustainment of constructed specific features.

5.4.3 Quality Assurance (QA), Quality Control (QC) and Commissioning (Cx) Processes: Delineate and execute oversight requirements in QA, QC and Cx processes.

5.5 Sustainability:

5.5.1 Preventive Maintenance Strategy: Develop a CPC preventive maintenance strategy consistent with organizational objectives and requirements and include appropriate long-term maintenance documentation/manuals.

5.5.2 Maintenance Program: Create and execute a maintenance program which includes regular inspections with associated data capture to include type and extent of corrosion, component, materials, coatings, warranties, age and maintenance history.

5.6 Facilities CPC Procedure Example:

Table A1 provides a Life Cycle Checklist for the Facility under consideration. CPC is addressed at key points during project development, acquisition, design, construction, turn-over and into sustainment. This progression provides insights into CPC and how it should be addressed to ensure that the desired life cycle is achieved.

Section 6: CPC Planning Assessment

6.1 CPC Planning Key Element Assessment:

A methodology has been developed to assess the effectiveness of a program’s or project’s use of any of the key CPC planning elements contained in the body of this standard. This methodology is described in Appendix B (nonmandatory). Once the level of CPC planning (including key elements) required for the construction, operation and maintenance of the product or facility is identified, the method in Appendix B can be applied to these key elements using the critical and desired characteristics for the specific element listed in Appendix A. Critical characteristics are those aspects of a specific CPC planning element that are essential for its successful execution/implementation. Without these characteristics, the risk of corrosion failure increases. Desired characteristics of specific CPC planning elements, while not essential, enhance their CPC effectiveness. A numeric graded scale can be used to assess the effectiveness of their use and can be tailored to apply to the specific product or facility being evaluated.

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6.2 Overall CPC Planning Effectiveness:

To assess the overall effectiveness of the CPC planning for a program or project, the methodology in Appendix B can be used in a cumulative manner. Summing the effectiveness of each element can give an overall assessment and again, this can be tailored to the specific program or project needs. This tailoring of the assessment methodology can include modifications such as: eliminating unused key elements, adding a weighting factor to categories or specific key elements, adjusting the individual characteristic values, etc. See Appendix B for more information.

References

1. G. Koch, J. Varney, N. Thompson, O. Moghissi, M. Gould, J. Payer, “International Measures ofPrevention, Application, and Economics of Corrosion Technology Study,” NACE International, March1, 2016.

2. LMI DoD Impact of Corrosion Studies

3. United States Code (USC) Title 10 “Armed Forces,” Sec. 2228, “Office of Corrosion Policy andOversight” (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Publishing Office, 2006) pp. 1111-1113.

4. MIL-STD-882 (latest revision), “System Safety” (Philadelphia, PA: Defense Logistics Agency).

5. Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR), Part 46, “Quality Assurance,” Subpart 46.7, “Warranties.”(Washington, DC: U.S. Government Publishing Office, 2016).

6. Integrated Product Support (IPS) Element Guidebook, Defense Acquisition University, December2011.

7. ASTM(2) B117 (latest revision), “Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus” (WestConshohocken, PA: ASTM).

8. United States Code (USC) Title 10 “Armed Forces,” Sec. 2801(a). (Washington, DC: U.S.Government Publishing Office, 2006).

9. MIL-STD-889 (latest revision), “Department of Defense Standard Practice: Dissimilar Metals”(Philadelphia, PA: Defense Logistics Agency).

10. ASTM G85 Annex 4(latest revision), “Salt/SO2 Spray (Fog) Testing” (West Conshohocken,PA: ASTM).

The following are references pertaining to CPC planning that were used in the development of this industry standard.

Resources for CPC Facilities Design – Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG)

• CPC Resource Page https://www.wbdg.org/ffc/dod/cpc-source• Unified Facilities Criteria https://www.wbdg.org/ffc/dod/unified-facilities-criteria-ufc• Unified Facilities Guide Specifications https://www.wbdg.org/ffc/dod/unified-facilities-

guide-specifications-ufgs

Sources of Industry Specifications, Standards and Design Criteria:

• NACE International (The Corrosion Society) https://www.nace.org• SSPC (The Society for Protective Coatings) https://www.sspc.org

(2) ASTM International (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.

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• Architectural Painting Specification Decision Tree https://www.wbdg.org• Master Painters Institute (MPI) http://www.mpi.net

Definitions

Corrosion. The deterioration of a material or its properties due to a reaction of that material with its chemical environment. Traditionally thought of only as deterioration of metal (e.g., rusting of steel), but now expanded to include degradation of non-metallic materials as well. Some nontraditional examples include rotting of wood, degradation of concrete (carbonation, alkali-silica reaction phenomena), and degradation of composite materials due to reaction with the environment.

Corrosion Prevention and Control (CPC). The rigorous application of engineering, design and analysis, quality control/assurance, nondestructive inspection, manufacturing, operations, and support technologies to prevent the start of corrosion, avoid functional impairment from corrosion, and define processes for the tracking and repair of corrosion problems.

Corrosion Prevention and Control Planning. Consists of planning for and establishing 1) a management structure for CPC, and 2) the technical considerations and requirements in order to implement an effective CPC regime throughout the life cycle of a program. CPC planning includes program management, engineering (including systems engineering), life cycle logistics, test and evaluation, budget/funding and procurement/contracting.

Environmental Severity. A measurement of deterioration of a material due to its reaction with its environment; this is inclusive of all deterioration factors of materials through sun exposure, mold and mildew, wind, time of wetness, and many other factors affecting a specific location. By identifying the extent of the environmental severity factors at a more local level, optimization of CPC criteria and strategies will result in a more efficient life cycle solution.

Facilities. All buildings, structures, airfields, port facilities, surface and subterranean utility systems, heating and cooling systems, fuel tanks, pavements and bridges.

Material Degradation. Material degradation includes all aspects of material deterioration including wear, general corrosion, de-alloying, the various forms of specific corrosion (e.g., galvanic, pitting, crevice, intergranular, fretting, stress corrosion cracking, etc.), fatigue, hydrogen embrittlement, crazing, etc. Because material degradation can negatively affect safety and cost, lessons learned/mitigation strategies should be considered for inclusion in the associated design and maintenance planning.

Products. All equipment, systems, platforms, vehicles, support equipment and items necessary to perform a specific function or mission including all components of such items.

Service Life. The period of time that the product or facility is intended to be used for the required application.

Supportability. The capability of a total system design to support operations and readiness needs throughout the life cycle of a system at an affordable cost.

Sustainability. Involves the actions taken to ensure the supportability of fielded systems and their subsequent life cycle product support – from initial procurement to supply management, to maintenance, to reutilization and disposal. It can include functions such as initial provisioning, cataloging, inventory management and warehousing, and depot and field level maintenance. An effective CPC planning strategy can significantly extend the life cycle and reduce the costs of sustainability.

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Acronyms

Acronym Definition CPC Corrosion Prevention and Control Cx Commissioning DB Design-Build DBB Design Bid Build DoD Department of Defense EPA Environmental Protection Agency HazMat Hazardous Materials JTG Joint Task Group LCC Life Cycle Cost OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration PWS Performance Work Statement RFP Request for Proposal SOO Statement of Objectives SOW Statement of Work STG Specific Technology Group QA Quality Assurance QC Quality Control USC United States Code WBDG Whole Building Design Guide

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Appendix A Support Information for Elements of CPC Planning

(Nonmandatory)

A3.0 General Elements of CPC Planning A3.1 Strategy

Developing and following a corrosion strategy will have a positive impact on the life cycle of the product or facility. Corrosion should be addressed early in the design and planning cycle and during manufacture/construction. Relevant corrosion specifications and standards should be referenced and distributed to all program/project team members. Characteristics of a good CPC strategy include:

Critical: • Addressing CPC early in the planning, design, procurement/contracting and construction cycle.• Identifying specific CPC requirements early in the process and demonstrating how they will be

addressed as part of the program or project documentation. As the project evolves, thedocumentation needs to be kept current, reflecting any changes.

• Creating an effective approach for resourcing and implementing the CPC strategy.• Establishing adequate communication methods to receive and convey all aspects of corrosion

prevention and control and its potential impact on the product or facility’s life cycle costs.• Incorporating the strategy into all appropriate program or project documentation, including the

procurement/contract package.• Ensuring flow down of all CPC contract requirements as appropriate to all entities (sub-contractors,

suppliers, etc.) engaged in supplying/supporting development of the product or facility.Communications should include the types and process for providing any incentives to the contractorand subcontractors for incorporating CPC into the design and manufacture, production, andconstruction.

Desired: • Ensuring relevant corrosion criteria, specifications, standards and other requirements are

modernized and updated, and direction and guidance on the CPC strategy is provided.• Improving education and training of program/project personnel in awareness and implementation

of CPC.• Adopting and utilizing life-prediction and performance-assessment techniques/methodologies.• Designing in CPC best practices into the project or sustainment activity for improved life cycle and

durability.• Transitioning CPC technology into criteria and guide specs for facilities.• Including measurable CPC planning evaluation criteria and requirements in procurement/contract

packages.

A3.1.1 Requirements: Identifying and assessing the requirements is critical to being able to developan effective CPC strategy. This includes (but is not limited to) the following: Defining the purpose(what should it be able to do or be used for); Determining its lifespan; Determining the environmentin which it is to perform its function (operational and storage location); Identifying any otherproducts or facilities with which it will interact/work; etc. Characteristics of well-definedrequirements address/include:

Critical:• Identifying the intended use• Characterizing the operational environment

This appendix is considered nonmandatory, although it may contain mandatory language. It is intended only to provide supplementary information or guidance. The user of this standard is not required to follow, but may choose to follow, any or all of the provisions herein.

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• Defining the intended useful life• Defining the maintenance approach/strategy• Identifying any inter-relations/interactions with other products or facilities

Desired: • Identifying any specialized training for the use and maintenance• Establishing periodic monitoring/inspection criteria

A3.1.2 CPC Assessment: Establishing an evaluation methodology to assess how well the CPC strategy/approach for a product or facility is performing is critical to the effectiveness of the strategy. In addition to establishing this method, determining how it will be utilized over the life of the product or facility needs to be defined. Successful methodologies for assessing the effectiveness of the CPC strategy/approach for the product or facility should begin during initial requirements development and continue throughout the entire life of the product or facility. Characteristics of a good CPC assessment methodology include:

Critical: • Evaluating CPC processes early and throughout the life cycle, including planning,

procurement/contracting, design, construction/manufacturing and operations/sustainment.• Identifying CPC criteria specific to the project/program• Developing metrics/performance measures for the assessment(s)

Desired: • Identifying the periodicity of the assessments/evaluations• Evaluating gaps or shortfalls in the assessment methodology

A3.2 Design

A3.2.1 Product/Facility Mission Usage, Location and Operational Environment: The wide variety of structures, machinery and fittings employed for many purposes makes it difficult to define precisely and concisely where corrosion will be most damaging. Consideration should be given to the corrosion properties of the materials and components used in the design, corrosion resulting from exposure in storage and service environments, and normal wear from operational use. The service environment and site location should be considered with respect to the corrosion severity. The corrosion severity of any particular area may be increased by many factors, including, but not limited to: airborne and industrial pollutants, soil corrosivity (pH and resistivity), solar exposure, chemicals used in or around the area, humidity, temperatures, and prevailing winds from corrosive environments.

Each of the many components of a product or facility should be evaluated for its susceptibility to localized corrosion. Damage by corrosion is not always uniform in nature and is dependent on the design and materials used. This damage may be concentrated in small areas, causing premature failure. A thorough evaluation of mission, usage, and site environment include:

Critical: • Assessing the location, climate and service environment where the product or facility is

intended to be used• Assessing the storage/basing location, if it is different from the use location• Identifying any unique design requirements surrounding the use of the product or facility• Assessing any local environmental rules/regulations that could impact the use or

maintenance•

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Desired: • Developing mitigation approaches for any local environmental rules/regulations identified

during the assessment that impact the use or maintenance• Identifying any potential micro-climates associated with the use of the product or facility

A3.2.2 Design/Useful Life: Minimizing corrosion effects over a program’s/project’s life is best addressed during the initial design. Planners/designers should consider the intended service environment when determining the level of CPC required not only in the design, but also in developing the expected maintenance requirements over the product or structure’s life.

The impact of material selection, finishing system selection, drainage, sealants, galvanic coupling of materials, geometries, application of corrosion inhibiting compounds, coatings, environmental issues and access to maintenance should be understood and considered during design. Actual design service life is difficult to predict because of the large number of variables. Some of these challenging factors include: continuing changes from the baseline materials; changes in mission/usage; the range of environments; and use of various protective coatings. It is common for the usage of the product or facility to exceed the initial design life. Life extension programs have become a common approach to offset the availability of resources to procure replacements when these items reach design life. Characteristics of a good evaluation of design and useful life include:

Critical: • Assessing how CPC can impact the design and useful life of the product or facility early in

the project’s/program’s life.• Evolving this assessment over the life cycle• Assessing how material selection can impact the design and useful life• Assessing the proposed protection methods/measures impact on the product’s or facilities’

life• Identifying the finishing system requirements and their effects on product or facility

operation

Desired: • Assessing similar legacy products or facilities to identify potential issues impacting life• Creating a material selection plan to support CPC of the product or facility

A3.2.3 Legacy Product/Facility Best Practices and Lessons Learned: An early review of materials issues from legacy products or facilities (i.e., products or facilities of a similar nature previously used in similar operational environments) can assist in identifying areas for technology development investment and improved maintenance practices. More corrosion resistant designs based on this information can greatly reduce future corrosion impacts and optimize sustainability. Assessment of the existing structure or product should identify the causes of corrosion, types of corrosion, and any employed methods of corrosion control. Characteristics of a thorough review of legacy products or facilities include:

Critical: • Identifying any specific corrosion issues which arose from the use of the legacy product or

facility• Assessing the legacy maintenance strategy/processes for possible improvements in the

design of the new product or facility• Assessing any changes in environmental, hazard or safety rules/regulations which may

have occurred since the design of the legacy product or facility• Assessing the legacy mission/use against the intended use of the new product or facility

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Desired: • Assessing the legacy materials for possible improvements in the design of the new product

or facility• Assessing any necessary retrofit design changes from the legacy product or facility for

possible incorporation into the new design

A3.2.4 Material Selection: All materials are susceptible to corrosion. Materials should be matched to the service environment. Materials that are unsuitable for the operational/exposure environment should be avoided. Compatibility between materials should be taken into consideration when using multiple materials. If the use of dissimilar materials, susceptible to galvanic corrosion, in close contact cannot be avoided, those materials should be isolated from each other consistent with good industry practice. Characteristics of a good materials selection process for products or facilities include:

Critical: • Assessing the galvanic compatibility of the design materials• Accounting for the susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking of metallic alloys• Including corrosion resistance as a material property in the selection process• Identifying any specific design geometries (faying surfaces, lap joints, etc.) or interfaces

that require specific CPC methods

Desired: • Identifying a finish specification as a contract deliverable• Evaluating the use and storage environments as factors in materials selection• Ensuring isolation and sealing techniques are included in the design and maintenance plan• For U.S. military applications, use MIL-STD-889 for galvanic compatibility.9

A3.2.5 Finishing Specification: The specification describes surface treatments, coatings, sealants, and other materials used to prevent corrosion. In addition, it specifies the processes and design schemes employed for corrosion control, such as those used to protect dissimilar material interfaces. Characteristics of a good finishing specification include:

Critical: • Identifying surface preparation processes for all surfaces• Identifying surface treatments for all surfaces• Identifying all interior and exterior finishing systems• Defining coating thicknesses• Identifying any design schemes that require added corrosion control, such as protecting

dissimilar material interfaces• Documenting the rationale for finishing system selection and any changes

Desired: • Having the ability to evolve finishes over the life cycle• Providing application process information•

A3.2.6 Protective/Preservation Measures: Examples of active barriers include the injection of corrosion inhibitors and the application of cathodic protection. Cathodic protection is an electrochemical technique to provide a corrosion protection system. The selection of corrosion resistant materials and the use of coatings are examples of passive barriers. Protective coatings are often the most effective measure used in design and should be considered in order to isolate vulnerable materials in the structure from the environment to prevent the onset of corrosion. In some cases, these are multi-functional coatings and their total performance on the system/structure should also be considered.

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The coating application processes, environmental impact, and occupational health and safety concerns should all be considered. Precautions should be taken during manufacturing operations to maintain the integrity of corrosion protection coatings and to prevent the introduction of corrosion or corrosive elements during the application process. In addition, all parts and assemblies should be given adequate protection to prevent corrosion and physical damage during temporary or long-term storage and shipment. Other measures, such as temporary corrosion preventive compounds, can be employed, but these are short-term fixes and should not be the primary CPC approach. Environmental control techniques, such as dehumidification and shelters/covers are sometimes utilized and should be considered when evaluating storage and operations requirements and solutions. Characteristics of good protective measures include:

Critical: • Identifying specific protective measures• Including inspection criteria/methods for protective measures• Including sustainment criteria for identified protective measures• Utilizing cathodic protection systems, if warranted

Desired: • Defining finish systems for inclusion in a finish specification• Isolating or separating galvanic couples

A3.2.7 Durability: The selection of materials, finishes, design geometry, and protective measures should result in a completed design capable of performing the desired functions for the duration of its intended service life. This includes performing its intended service with a mean time between failures compatible with the specific sustainability plan, while also avoiding the requirement for resource-intensive maintenance procedures. Characteristics resulting in good durability of products or facilities include:

Critical: • Assessing material selections for ability to endure proposed service life.• Identifying and addressing durability issues early and throughout the life cycle• Performing periodic assessments of materiel condition to ensure alignment with the

sustainment plan• Providing an issue resolution capability when durability issues are identified.

Desired: • Ensuring operational conditions are considered as part of the durability assessment.• Improving corrosion resistance of the design.

A3.2.8 Costs: Programs/projects are driven by cost, schedule and performance, and of these three factors, cost is typically the primary concern. Unfortunately, the vast majority of programs/projects focus on the production/construction costs (near-term) versus the life cycle costs. CPC may increase production/construction cost, but usually results in decreased life cycle cost. The use of more corrosion resistant alloys, incorporation of active and passive protection measures and the use of external measures increases cost and weight and usually lengthens the production/construction schedule, as such, routinely these increases become a “hard sell” to owners and program managers. The use of a life cycle-based business case to support the proposed CPC design is essential.

Performing an analysis of the cost of CPC over the product or facility life cycle is especially useful when there are alternate approaches that can fulfill the same performance requirements but differ with respect to initial costs and operating costs. These alternatives should be compared using a methodology that considers full life cycle costs in order to select the one that maximizes net savings. For example, facility Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) will help determine whether the incorporation of a high-performance heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) or glazing system, which may increase initial cost but result in dramatically reduced corrosion, operating and maintenance costs, is more cost effective. Product LCCA will help determine whether the incorporation of more corrosion resistant materials and processes during design and manufacture,

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which may increase initial cost, will result in dramatically reduced corrosion, operating and maintenance costs. Characteristics of a good assessment of costs include:

Critical: • Assessing production/construction costs• Identifying potential cost drivers• Performing periodic re-evaluation of costs• Determining return on investment (ROI) as measured against all relevant LCCA criteria• Revising LCCA criteria based on product/facility use

Desired: • Establish a feedback process for the user’s maintenance/sustainment community• Providing opportunities for new CPC technology use to reduce costs

A3.2.9 Risk Assessment: Corrosion risk analysis is the assessment of potential risks of the deterioration of a material that may result in reduced operations or even total failure of a material. It is the likelihood of occurrence that material degradation would occur factored with the resultant severity. The assessment of corrosion risks begins with the identification of the risk, whether it is the material itself, the process, relational events, or application. The outcomes of this analysis are impact scenarios for which mitigating steps/procedures can be developed toward the preventive/corrective planning phases of that process, procedure, or application. The impact scenarios can be valued by the level of impact and ranked in order upon criticality of risk. Assessment of potential plans and implementation of appropriate actions such as risk watching, system tracking, or execution of mitigation strategies are cyclical and require an assessment during any adjustment of mission, materials, processes, application, and time. Additionally, both the inspect-ability/access-ability of the component/assembly as well as the criticality of the function of the component/assembly plays an important role in risk. The rationale for the first (inspect-ability/access-ability) is that a component/assembly that is more easily inspected has reduced risk due to lower likelihood of a failure going undetected for an extended duration of time during which the part may fail catastrophically. The rationale for the second factor (criticality) is that criticality of function would affect the consequence of the corrosion (e.g. loss of load-bearing structure, loss of connector continuity), and a less critical component creates trade-space for other design (i.e. non-corrosion) considerations.

For U.S. military products, a risk approach as described in MIL-STD-882 can provide the necessary elements of an effective risk approach.4 For U.S. military facilities, refer to the Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG) for recommendations. Characteristics of a good risk assessment plan include:

Critical: • Employing a process to identify corrosion risks, whether with the material itself, a process,

relational events, or from the application.• Identifying the likelihood of occurrence and the severity of the impact of failure.• Using existing or developing new criteria to evaluate the risk.• Assessing the risk management plan periodically.

Desired: • Ensuring that periodic reviews include a discussion of risk assessment.• Improving the culture or awareness of the impact of corrosion on the product or facility.• Providing alternatives to mitigate the risks identified.• Utilizing established risk assessment methodologies.

A3.2.10 Design Geometries: Experienced designers know and understand the importance of the inclusion of best practice CPC related geometric design, such as effects of lap joints, sharp angles and bends, corners, dead ends and inverted angles. Key considerations are provisions for adequate drainage to prevent standing water or ice accumulation, sealing of riveted or fastened joints and

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reduction of sharp metal edges on structures. An example of this may include increasing the diameter of a drain hole to prevent the accumulation of rain water at a specific location. Characteristics of a good assessment of design geometries for products or facilities include:

Critical: • Assessing drainage plans and pitch of exterior covers.• Identifying high risk geometric designs that exacerbate corrosion.• Performing periodic evaluations of high-risk geometric designs• Developing criteria that address design geometries that should be avoided.• Ensuring production and sustainment plans address geometric designs that support best

practices.• Developing a sustainment plan that addresses high risk geometric designs.

Desired: • Improving the design based on legacy experience.

A3.2.11 Design Concept (New/Commercial Derivative/etc.): This includes describing the approach used to deliver the product or facility by either assembling off-the-shelf components, developing a unique one-off design to suit specific customer requirements or in the case of facilities, using the Whole Building Design Guide. Corrosion prevention and control should be considered when developing custom designs. Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components should be evaluated for specific modifications that may be needed to minimize corrosion in a specific service environment. For example, a galvanized part may need to be specified with a heavier grade of galvanizing or galvanizing plus coating depending on the corrosion risk. The feedback loop that will be used to address operational corrosion issues in new designs should be identified. Characteristics of a good review of design concept include:

Critical: • Assessing any issues with previous designs when upgrading or building from legacy

systems.• Balancing material performance with corrosion resistance in the design.• For new design, establishing criteria for validating its effectiveness for the intended use

and duration.• Assessing the adequacy of any proposed COTS systems for the intended use and durability

for the expected duration.

Desired: • Assessing the COTS maintenance approach against the proposed maintenance plan.• Ensuring CPC is a factor in any modifications to improving existing COTS designs.• Evaluating the maintenance approach of the designed product/facility against the proposed

maintenance plan for that product or facility.

A3.2.12 Miscellaneous Design Considerations: In addition to the design key elements above, the following considerations should be included as part of the design CPC planning:

• Specifications, criteria and standards used to provide the details of materials, processes andprocedures should be described along with identifying any performance verificationcriteria required to be incorporated into the QA, QC and Cx processes.

• The evaluation of CPC technical options impacting cost/schedule/performance should bedescribed. A less intensive CPC approach may be justified by integration with an existingmaintenance/repair philosophy that is already in practice and results in a lower life cyclecost. Examples of trade studies may be the use of a five-year coating system versus a tenyear coating system.

• Assembly factors that are necessary for CPC, including bonding, sealing, gasketing, andpurging should be described. Examples of this are mounting of an electrical box in anorientation to prevent its collection of water (rain or otherwise).

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• The reliance or interdependence of new/different technologies through the design-buildprocess should be described. Specifically, this would include the creation of a plan to inserta CPC technology at a certain phase of the project that includes risk and mitigationstrategies to avoid disruption of the project. Examples of this may be workforce trainingnecessary to implement a low Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) coating to meet anemerging environmental requirement.

Critical: • Assessing new technology usage and implementation and the impact towards corrosion

risks in operations and operational environments.• Implementing standards, processes, data, guidance, and characteristics of best practices in

preventive and corrective actions impacting deterioration of materials.

Desired: • Providing third-party testing data for new technologies as confirmation of performance.• Communicating the importance of appropriate data input towards future analysis of

operations and processes.

A3.3 Management

A3.3.1 Organizational Structure: Organizational structure plays an integral role in addressing CPC for the design, development, manufacture, production, construction, operation and sustainability of products and facilities. Planning should describe how CPC is integrated throughout the management chains of both the program/owner/user and the manufacturer/producer. This structure is critical for ensuring that an effective CPC strategy is employed to reduce life cycle costs and produce an affordable product. A description of the process for communicating and adjudicating corrosion issues/concerns, as well as any relationships required for the execution of the selected CPC strategy, should be included. Examples of this structure include program/project managers, engineering and logistics teams, multi-disciplinary review boards/teams, etc. The CPC organizational structure during planning should address the roles and responsibilities and required skills of program/project members involved in the CPC activities/issues as well as how they are integrated both internally to the program/project including subcontractors and externally with other organizations. These topics are described in the following paragraphs. Examples should be provided for best practices and lessons learned from legacy products/facilities, if available.

The use of Review Personnel or Boards is a best practice that employs one or more individuals with the appropriate CPC technical experience who are responsible for reviewing any CPC approaches or changes proposed for the product or facility. For example, in a product program, a Materials Review Board (MRB) would review the materials and processes (M&P) for the equipment and changes proposed by either the program team or the prime contractor (or any subcontractors). For CPC, the MRB would assess and prioritize any CPC M&P with respect to other design priorities and align them with the program’s mission. This function also helps support maintaining configuration management for the product and eliminates ad hoc changes, which could result in inconsistencies for the program/project.

The roles and responsibilities of corrosion personnel/teams should be identified in the management structure. If a team approach is used, its composition should be sufficiently diverse to cover the breadth of the program/project. Resources such as corrosion consultants, Corrosion Prevention Teams (CPTs), or Contractor Corrosion Teams (CCTs) could be used to provide for incorporating best practices and lessons learned from similar legacy products.

Characteristics of a good CPC organizational structure include:

Critical: • Establishing/identifying the CPC organization

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• Assessing the organization’s execution of their CPC strategy throughout the life of theprogram or project.

• Identifying key personnel/stakeholders at each life cycle step.• Establishing clear lines of communication for CPC throughout the organization including

all contract and support personnel.• Providing a method for documenting lessons learned, best practices and CPC decisions and

their rationale.

Desired: • Establishing dedicated corrosion teams to facilitate CPC throughout the program/project

life.• Ensuring that corrosion team compositions evolve over the program/project life cycle to

meet the changing demands of executing CPC.

A3.3.2 Liaison (Internal/External): This element should describe the processes and procedures by which the product or facility’s CPC activities would be communicated and coordinated with other sections or groups internal to the subject program/project, to other organizations within the same company/service, or with external organizations. Internal teams may include other program/project teams from within the same company/service, corporate/service Environmental, Occupational Safety and Health (EOSH) personnel, etc. External organizations may include other services/agencies, regulatory agencies, industry associations, and contractors. Characteristics of a good liaison include:

Critical: • Establishing/identifying processes and policies for both internal and external

communications/interactions.• Having a process for identifying what corrosion issues require coordination and the key

personnel to be included.• Performing a periodic evaluation of the effectiveness of liaisons.

Desired: • Ensuring that lessons learned from similar programs/facilities are communicated to

appropriate program/project personnel.• Providing for a communication plan for CPC.

A3.3.3 Contracting Requirements: Incorporating the CPC requirements into the contract is critical. Characteristics of good contract system requirements include:

Critical: • Ensuring that data rights for CPC supply/support and technical requirements are in the

procurement documents.• Identifying any changes to or tailoring of CPC specifications and standards and if so,

defining the parts, sections, or paragraphs applicable to the procurement.• Establishing criteria for CPC performance verification.• Ensuring CPC requirements are clearly stated in contractual requirements• Ensuring CPC requirements flow down to sub-contractors contractually as appropriate for

that product or facility

Desired: • Identifying finish specification requirements needed for CPC.• Identifying CPC-related evaluation criteria to satisfy any design reviews/assessments.

A3.3.4 Resourcing: Planning should include CPC requirements for resourcing and retaining CPC expertise, as well as the assessment of the corrosion impacts on cost, required life cycle, operational requirements and availability, which all affect life cycle costs. Competing priorities such as environmental compliance and energy may have strong cases for consuming available funding, so

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it is necessary to provide the appropriate level of information required to make corrosion a priority based on operational risks.

The organization will assess all CPC requirements and establish appropriate priorities for funding levels requested and subsequently allocated. Funding for projects and activities should include resources for expertise (including subcontractors and consultants) to support CPC throughout the life cycle. Additionally, resources should be planned and budgeted for CPC characterization and performance, documentation, trade studies, reviews, analysis, testing, and sustainability/maintenance activities. Funding should also include any specific facilities required for performing the necessary CPC activities throughout the manufacture/construction and during the operation/use throughout the life cycle. Characteristics of good CPC resourcing include:

Critical: • Identifying necessary funding and appropriate sources for executing the CPC strategy• Performing periodic evaluations of CPC resourcing allocations and budgeting plans• Providing a process for prioritizing CPC needs.• Assessing the effectiveness of the CPC expenditures

Desired: • Ensuring a process for identifying and pursuing funding for emergent CPC requirements.• Documenting and communicating the effectiveness of the CPC expenditures and resultant

outcomes.

A3.3.5 Configuration Management (CM): Variation in products can lead to dissimilarities in manufacturing and processing, which can increase costs, decrease performance and create issues due to incompatible technologies. This section should describe how the program or project will maintain/manage configuration control for CPC materials and processes, including flow down of the requirements across the life cycle. Planning should include a description of how this issue will be addressed across the life cycle with the supplier, sub tier suppliers, and user/maintainer communities and how any changes will be implemented. In the case of facilities, the WBDG provides guidance on the acquiring and management of electronic data and the transfer of this knowledge to the facilities management team. Characteristics of a good CPC configuration management plan include:

Critical: • Ensuring a process for CM exists to accommodate changes in design and any related

changes to the CPC approach. • Identifying/establishing a process for addressing how CM will be addressed with all

contractors/sub-contractors. • Creating a process to prioritize the value/benefit of change proposals in terms of cost,

schedule and performance.

Desired: • Assessing how effective the process is for documenting and communicating changes.• Improving the efficiency of the CPC change process.

A3.3.6 Issue Identification and Resolution Process: This section describes how any changes resulting from the issue adjudication process are to be documented and how any CPC changes to the design would be accomplished. Personnel responsibilities for those involved throughout the life cycle should be defined. Characteristics of a good issue resolution process for products or facilities include:

Critical: • Assessing the impact of the approved CPC changes on cost, schedule and performance• Identifying documents and drawing that will require changes

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• Performing a periodic evaluation of the issue identification and resolution process to ensurecompliance with program objectives

• Establishing criteria for resolution implementation and performance metrics

Desired: • Ensuring that all levels of program management have visibility of changes• Providing cost benefit data on the improvements generated from issue resolution for ROI

and LCC Assessments

A3.3.7 Data Management/Intellectual Property: The associated data necessary for the incorporation of CPC into the design, development, manufacture, construction, operation and maintenance should be accessible to the owner/operator. Characteristics of good data management/intellectual property plan include:

Critical: • Assessing database management system and ensuring standardization• Identifying inherent gaps in data and the data management system• Developing CPC data entry and retrieval criteria to enhance data management

Desired: • Ensuring CPC data breaches are easily identified• Performing periodic evaluations of CPC intellectual property protections

A3.3.8 Inventory Management: How products and facilities are managed can significantly affect their ability to resist corrosion. Inventory management includes how items are stored, handled, managed by location and use, etc. For example, storage and handling of products in humidity-controlled environments can dramatically reduce their susceptibility to corrosion degradation. Additionally, the operational (or service) environment can play an important role in CPC and drive decisions in the design, development, manufacture, construction, operation and maintenance.

Deployment/construction of these items in close proximity to bodies of water, areas with high rainfalls, harsh wind, etc. can impair the ability to resist degradation. The intended life span and the severity of the operational environment both factor heavily into the item’s durability. For example, a program could decide to use three 10-year life systems versus one 30-year life system. CPC planning should address these issues and adjust the design, maintenance and use to reflect the impact of these factors. Characteristics of a good inventory management program include:

Critical: • Establishing inventory management/control system(s) that match the programs

requirements for availability and performance • Developing a long-term plan for allocating stock usage with consideration of high impact

drivers. • Performing a periodic evaluation of stored inventory and testing to ensure performance

Desired: • • Performing enhanced inventory management of aggregate components susceptible to

deterioration.• Improving parts throughput by analyzing use data to minimize storage requirements

A3.4 Sustainability

A3.4.1 Storage Environments: Items in a pre-production or supply stage should be stored in a sheltered environment that is climate controlled to minimize environmental effects. Characteristics of a good assessment of storage environments for products or facilities include:

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Critical: • Assessing performance of storage container including usage of sensors in determination of

failure of containment.• Identifying critical components susceptible to deterioration.• Performing planned periodic evaluations of storage and unit count of containment units.• Ensuring storage facilities are operated in accordance with CPC requirements

Desired: • Developing shelf life criteria based on testing in actual environment• Identifying storage facilities that require upgrades to meet the anticipated storage life and

conditions required

A3.4.2 Operations and Maintenance Data: CPC data can assist in identifying and quantifying corrosion issues through historical tracking of maintenance actions and records. Any data capture and analysis methodologies that will be used should be described. Collect comprehensive and accurate corrosion data from reporting systems across industry and DoD, using standard metrics and definitions. Use data to make fact-based decisions regarding corrosion and corrosion cost and to track progress of product material condition improvement efforts. Characteristics of good operations and maintenance data management include:

Critical: • Assessing corrosion supported fields that are required to be included for analysis of

corrosion impact.• Identifying processes used to implement data fields needed for corrosion identification.• Identifying processes used to extract corrosion data for analysis of corrosion impact.• Performing an annual analysis of corrosion impact towards life cycle sustainment of

product or facility and any impact on the anticipated ROI or LCCA.• Identifying critical products or facilities most susceptible to corrosion impact.

Desired: • Ensuring stakeholder buy in of corrosion impact analysis.• Improving acquisition, sustainment, processes, and guidance through results of analysis.• Enterprise disbursement of lessons learned and best practices.• Providing maintenance material type, grade, finish, etc. information in the maintenance

data.• Establish standards to enable capture of complete and accurate operator, intermediate, and

depot level corrosion man-hour, material, and cost data.

A3.4.3 Other Sustainment Aspects:

The Maintenance/Repair Strategy that will be used to provide increased readiness and reduced repair cycle times through a disciplined application of CPC and continuous process improvement techniques should be described. This strategy should leverage the best value from DoD and industry to: tailor CPC planning to the specific products or facilities, ensure CPC is imbedded as part of the logistics processes, and support CPC training for the labor force to maximize task efficiency, minimize overhead costs and address the existing budgetary environment. Incorporating CPC planning and maintenance considerations throughout the life cycle provides for a total system approach. The goal is to optimize maintenance requirements through a balance of preventive and corrective maintenance at optimal costs. Any support equipment required to assist in either performing the function or logistic supportability should be identified. CPC ensures the sustained performance, readiness, economical operation, and service life of support equipment throughout its life cycle. Characteristics of these aspects include:

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Critical: • Considering all supporting elements of maintenance and sustainment for increasing

availability and durability. • Cyclical evaluation of assessments and considerations identified towards increased

operations, availability, and readiness. • Identify all necessary support equipment.

Desired: • Performing outreach and sharing of repair strategy best practices and lessons learned.• Identifying maintenance standards and processes for best practices of corrosion control.

A3.5 Other Considerations

A3.5.1 HazMat/EPA/Federal Laws/Local Rules Affecting CPC: Many corrosion prevention and control materials and processes involve components such as hexavalent chromium, cadmium, and other materials which have environmental or safety implications. There are many federal and local environmental and safety laws and regulations that affect manufacture, construction, maintenance, operation, and/or sustainability. Characteristics of a good environmental assessment include:

Critical: • Identifying any environmentally hazardous materials or processes used in the manufacture,

construction, operation and maintenance. • Assessing how environmental or safety risks will be addressed over the life cycle while

maintaining corrosion resistance. • Establishing CPC performance criteria for alternatives which minimize or eliminate the

hazard. • Describing how any environmental policies will be integrated into operational policies of

organizations, owner operations, procurement and contracting.

Desired: • Formulating and prescribing engineering or administrative controls to minimize or

eliminate the hazard. • Developing safety, health and environmental policies, procedures, codes and standards for

proposed CPC technologies.

A3.5.2 Prohibited Materials: The use of prohibited materials should be mitigated to minimize occupational health concerns. Materials that are prohibited by the procuring activity because of design-driven constraints or other factors should be identified. Characteristics of proper handling of prohibited materials include:

Critical: • Identifying relevant prohibited material criteria for use in the design, development and

utilization. • Including prohibited material restrictions in the program or project contract.• Assessing the design to ensure that no prohibited materials are proposed for use.

Desired: • Establishing a process for identifying acceptable alternatives to any prohibited materials.

A3.5.3 Training: There is a number of online and classroom corrosion training courses and resources available through both government and industry. Industry societies such as NACE International, SSPC, and SAE International(3) offer many courses in paints, coatings, inspections,

(3) SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.

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corrosion, cathodic protection, etc. For DoD, the Defense Acquisition University (DAU)(4) offers a Corrosion Prevention and Control Overview Continuous Learning Module (key word: “corrosion”/course number CLM038) which can be found on the DAU website(5). Other DoD training materials are available through the individual Services. For facilities, the DoD has developed an online CPC Source of information on the Whole Building Design Guide (See http://www.wbdg.org/resources/cpcsource.php); included in that CPC Source is a training section (http://www.wbdg.org/ffc/dod/cpc-source/training) that is focused on CPC from a facilities perspective. There is also a Training Section that includes PDH hour credit in corrosion related topics (http://www.wbdg.org/continuing-education). The WBDG also contains links to many private sector training resources. Characteristics of a good CPC training program include:

Critical: • Identifying any corrosion-related training requirements early in the design.• Assessing the adequacy of any proposed training to fulfill the needs of the targeted activity.• Establishing the periodicity of the training requirement (one time, annual, re-fresher, etc.).• Identifying any certification criteria required for operation and maintenance

Desired: • Identifying available sources for any required training.• Planning for the development of new CPC training when required for maintenance.

A3.5.4 Warranties: Generally, a warranty should provide a contractual right for the correction of defects notwithstanding any other requirement of the contract pertaining to acceptance of the supplies or services by the procuring organization; and a stated period of time or use, or the occurrence of a specified event, after acceptance by the procuring organization to assert a contractual right for the correction of defects. The principal purpose of a warranty in a government contract is to delineate the rights and obligations of the contractor and the government for defective items and services; and to foster quality performance. The benefits to the Government to be derived from a warranty should be commensurate with the cost of the warranty (See FAR 46.7).5

• DoD facility construction contracts generally include warranty clauses to ensure that theContractor’s obligation is identified to correct deficiencies during the first year afterbeneficial occupancy or after a specific system is placed in service based upon contractlanguage. Extensive language is included in the FAR 46.7 addressing the process forcorrection of deficiencies.

• Specific packaging required should be identified for warranted items. In selecting theappropriate packing/preservation method for warranted items, consideration should begiven to any related operational or capabilities requirements, special handling/storagerequirements such as hazardous materials documentation, shock and fragility limits,corrosion prevention and control, security classifications, size and environmentallimitations, and Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) sensitive items.

Characteristics of a good use of warranties include:

Critical: • Assessing component or systems that would best be supported by the use of warranties.• Identifying maintenance and handling requirements for systems or components if

warranties are utilized.• Defining the terms of the warranty and the process for its use during the life of the warranty.

Desired: • Identifying how long warranties would need to be in effect to be affordable/of utility.

(4) Defense Acquisition University (DAU), 9820 Belvoir Road, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060. (5) https://www.dau.edu

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• Performing periodic evaluations of the effectiveness of the warranties and adjusting theiruse.

A4.0 Product-Specific CPC Planning Elements

A4.1 Supportability

A4.1.1 Sustainability:

As an example of a systematic approach, the DoD acquisition and sustainability community’s 12 Product Support Elements (PSE) demonstrate sustainment planning within the product. Integrating CPC planning early in sustainment planning can benefit the development of the key product support activities to acquire, test, field, and maintain. These actions will enable the materiel to achieve the operational readiness levels required throughout the life cycle. The 12 PSE elements are:

1) Product Support Management (PSM).2) Design interface.3) Sustaining engineering.4) Supply support.5) Maintenance planning and management.6) Packaging, handling, storage, and transportation.7) Technical data.8) Support equipment.9) Training and training support.10) Manpower and personnel.11) Facilities.12) Computer resources.

All PSE elements should be evaluated and developed, integrated, and related to the systems engineering process. Tradeoffs when considering CPC may be required between elements in order to acquire a materiel that is affordable, operable, supportable, sustainable, transportable, and environmentally sound within the resources available. Additional information on this subject can be found in the Integrated Product Support (IPS) Element Guidebook.6 Characteristics of a good CPC sustainability approach include:

Critical: • Assessing the sustainment plan and providing feedback to the Product Support Manager• Identifying limitations in technical data, support equipment and training• Performing a periodic evaluation of the product support plan• Deriving cost sensitive elements of the maintenance plan and considering solutions• Ensuring personnel are well trained

Desired: • Improving the sustainment infrastructure based on sound evidence provided through

sustainment engineering• Providing recommendations for design improvements to improve sustainability

A4.1.2 Maintenance Planning:

Early consideration of the maintenance approach is important to take advantage of CPC design strategies and CPC technology transition. A well-balanced approach can reduce life cycle costs significantly and prevent operational disruptions. Investigation of alternatives and selection of a final maintenance concept that includes CPC planning in coordination with evaluating factors such as:

• Compatibility with the maintenance system (present and planned)• Complexity and criticality of the material

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• Mobility and transportation requirements• Operational readiness objectives, to include material availability• The environment in which the materiel will operate• Support concept for subsystems• Maintenance task analysis as part of the process• Cost• Maintenance support facilities and equipment• Care of supplies in storage• Overall corrosion prevention and control

Characteristics of a good CPC maintenance plan include:

Critical: • Assessing critical materials availability issues• Identifying deficiencies in maintenance support of facilities and products• Performing a periodic evaluation of overall maintenance system and identifying

weaknesses• Updating maintenance plan as trends are discovered

Desired: • Ensuring appropriate storage is available for spare parts• Optimizing CPC materials lead/lag times• Providing support that can be directly linked to operational readiness

A4.1.3 Monitoring/Inspection/Periodic Assessments:

As part of periodic monitoring, inspections and assessments, CPC can be evaluated throughout the life cycle and adjustments developed if corrective action is required. The assessment should consist of field inspections and should be recorded as part of the risk assessment developed. The primary purposes of the assessment are to:

• Confirm the overall risk and establish risk retirement plan• Justify any risk reduction measures• Identify potential modes of failure and failure progressions• Provide input for measurable risk estimates• Identify and prioritize safety studies• Identify operations and maintenance issues• Improve performance monitoring and emergency action plans• Confirm that essential safety guidelines are met• Determine if residual risk is tolerable

The identified failure modes, probability and consequences are considered together to develop qualitative assessments of risk. Characteristics of a good monitoring/assessment approach include:

Critical: • Assessing the monitoring/inspection approach to ensure that primary risks are covered• Identifying gaps in monitoring/inspection plan• Performing a periodic evaluation of risk management and mitigations• Providing failure mode analysis along with critical failure probability

Desired: • Communicating risks to all stakeholders• Ensuring criteria for risk retirement is established• Improving safety guidelines and maintenance support of operational needs

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A4.2 Product/System Qualification:

CPC should be assessed at the unit, subsystem, and system level on first article production items. The results of CPC assessments may be a critical factor in determining the product’s readiness for production or fielding.

A4.2.1 Fabrication & Production Processes:

Manufacturing the product can be accomplished by assembling off-the-shelf components into a product or through a unique one-off design to suit specific customer requirements. A custom design should include factors that would impact how CPC is integrated into the product. Off-the-shelf (OTS) components should be evaluated for appropriate operation/usage relevant to CPC considerations. Example: an item may be provided with galvanizing, but it may need to be specified with heavier grade of galvanizing or galvanized plus coated depending on the corrosion risk.

Characteristics of a good CPC approach to fabrication/production include:

Critical: • Assessing unique fabrication and production processes for CPC• Identifying robust CPC technologies to enhance OTS components• Performing a periodic evaluation of proprietary CPC systems to ensure compatibility• Establishing minimum performance criteria for products with unknown service histories• Assessing specifications and standards used for production• Ensuring OTS components meet customer requirements

Desired: • Understanding critical factors that impact production• Improving service life through upgrades in CPC• Providing independent evaluation of OTS or modified OTS assemblies

A4.2.2 Manufacturing Quality Assurance Program/ Quality Control Plan:

The quality assurance (QA) program and quality control (QC) plan should describe individual and organizational training and certification requirements as well as any specific details for inspection, acceptance and remediation processes. An example may be a buyer’s representative is provided with sufficient notification/access to validate all quality checkpoints during any prime/sub-contractor inspections.

Characteristics of a good QA/QC program include:

Critical: • Assessing the effectiveness of the QA program continuously• Identifying inefficiencies in the QC plan• Performing periodic evaluations of first-time quality and reject/repair rates during

production• Establishing failure criteria that integrates prevention and remediation techniques

Desired: • Ensuring that continuous improvement is a goal of the QA program• Implementing quality enhancing upgrades to improve production metrics• Assessing real time production feedback

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A4.2.3 CPC Performance Demonstration:

Conditions under which the CPC demonstration should be completed whether real or simulated should be agreed to in advance. Any materials or systems that support the demonstration should be defined. For example, chilled water may be required to demonstrate the operation of a water treatment system.

Characteristics of a good performance demonstration include:

Critical: • Assessing the value of simulations versus long term evaluation• Identifying support systems and facilities that are required for demonstrations• Performing periodic evaluations of program schedules and long lead items• Establishing criteria for successful demonstration, i.e., minimum performance

requirements

Desired: • Ensuring developmental items are not part of the critical path• Improving the plan continuously based on customer input• Providing details on risk factors that are safety or environmental hazards

A4.2.4 Test Methodology:

Standard CPC test methods should be utilized, and the load/cycle rates and the testing environment should be stipulated. An example is the application of ASTM G85 “Standard Practice for Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Test”10 to perform salt fog testing for a specified exposure time to prove that a window frame material is suitable.

Characteristics of a good CPC test methodology include:

Critical: • Assessing the intensity and duration of testing• Performing periodic evaluations of test methods• Considering test method criteria that ensure better relevance to the product• Ensuring that customers understand the limitations of test methods• Providing qualified personnel for selection of methods and interpretation of results• Establishing criteria for successful demonstration, i.e., realistic pass/fail criteria

Desired: • Identifying alternate test methods that are more efficient• Communicating test schedule and results

A4.2.5 Component/Assembly Testing:

Component/assembly level testing should be performed prior to product integration. In cases where the corrosion risk is high, more extensive testing may be required to assess CPC effectiveness. An example is hydro-testing of a heat exchanger unit is extended from a few hours to six months and adds seawater as the working fluid.

Characteristics of a good component/assembly test approach include:

Critical: • Assessing the availability of test stands and apparatus• Identifying critical failure modes

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• Performing periodic evaluations of in-process testing to allow for early risk identificationand mitigation

• Developing realistic test criteria of meaningful duration

Desired: • Improving test capability and supportability• Providing alternate methods to reduce cost and schedule impacts

A4.2.6 Operational Testing (OT):

Operational testing to verify that the CPC planning/process resulted in a corrosion resistant solution

should include the following areas:

• Verification within the intended operational environment and used as intended duringoperations.

• Verify completeness of documentation and inclusion of CPC requirements.• Evaluate necessary CPC training is required, scheduled and completed.• Ensure that CPC support mechanisms have been prepared and are implemented.

Characteristics of a good operational test approach include:

Critical: • Assessing the potential differences in design versus actual operational environment prior

to OT.• Identifying significant changes in the operational tempo and product support plan

compared to initial plan• Performing periodic evaluations of support facilities and training requirements as units are

entered into OT• Verifying that the criteria used to evaluate OT results is valid for the expected operational

environment• Include the proposed CPC finishes in the OT.

Desired: • Ensuring that all OT facilities and personnel are available according to the plan schedule.• Improving effectiveness of OT by working with operational personnel• Providing updated CPC techniques and procedures that are more effective for the

deployment areas

A4.2.7 Verification/Validation (V/V) Criteria:

The procedures and metrics used to ensure that the incorporated CPC is not only effective, but also tailored to the specific requirements of the product. These criteria should demonstrate that the product was designed in accordance with the standards cited in the contract and that its design should meet the operational, safety and environmental performance requirements of its intended use.

Characteristics of good verification/validation criteria include:

Critical: • Assessing V/V metrics and tailoring effort to product requirements• Identifying procedures and metrics that demonstrate performance• Performing a periodic evaluation of the V/V results and comparison to the contract

requirements• Ensuring that the operation, safety and environment performance criteria are currently

relevant

Desired:

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• Ensuring that V/V standards are valid and up to date• Providing alternate and improved procedures and metrics to meet programmatic constraints

A4.3 Life Extension Strategy:

If the product is extended beyond the initial planned service life, the CPC impact and challenges should be evaluated. This should include an approach to mitigate the CPC risks while maintaining a safe and effective product.

Characteristics of a good life extension strategy include:

Critical: • Assessing operational and end of life units to determine the CPC performance• Identifying CPC design changes throughout the service life• Performing an evaluation of changes to the baseline CPC over the service life• Developing improved CPC and structural design enhancements• Identify legacy CPC hazmat issues and pursue environmentally benign alternatives

Desired: • Ensuring future operating environments will be similar• Providing a risk mapping of critical corrosion areas

A5.0 Facilities-Specific CPC Planning Elements

A5.1 Planning and Programming

This planning standard provides engineers, architects and sustainment professionals CPC insights affecting the entire life cycle. By using the joint planning standard and considering the completed facility over the entire life cycle, the following will be achieved: improved durability, life cycle and sustainment cost reductions, and improved mission effectiveness. Facilities planning encompasses a broad process; it is only as detailed as the planning requirement dictates. Planning considerations that address corrosion prevention and control often do not demand attention at this level, unless the project has a specific CPC requirement that is over and above the norm. For example, planning for an office building would focus on function, the number of inhabitants, and the processes that are carried out, as well as describing at a high level the building envelope and HVAC requirements. Specific coatings would be left to the architect/engineer to specify and, possibly, the contractor to select. A petroleum tank farm would clearly incorporate environmental parameters that would dictate types of coatings, cathodic protection, and containment requirements. A facility located in a highly corrosive environment, such as Guam or Hawaii, would need to have CPC requirements identified in planning documents to ensure that they are appropriately scoped, resourced, designed and constructed.

a) Identify the CPC requirement, specific recommendations:

• Engage a CPC subject management expert to advise of any special requirements that shouldbe included in the project plan and description.

• Request input from the facilities manager where the project will be constructed andsustained to ensure that local environmental severity factors are considered.

b) Develop the project plan, budget and associated documentation, specific recommendations:

• Describe the specifications and standards used to provide the details of materials,processes and procedures and identify any verification required for incorporation into theQA, QC and Cx processes.

• Select active CPC features, such as cathodic protection, where needed.

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• Plan facility projects to minimize exposure to corrosive environments. Ensure projectbudgets allow for corrosion prevention and control measures appropriate for the corrosivityof the environment at the selected project site.

• Ensure budgets allow for appropriate CPC materials and coatings, such that the selectedfeatures are life cycle cost effective and the component(s) can reach the intended servicelife without extensive preventative or corrective maintenance.

c) Locate industrial area and industrial buildings to minimize the impact of chemical/pollutioncontaminants to adjacent buildings and structures. Select materials consistent with the locale andgood CPC practice.

d) Project Development and Review Processes: For projects that are above the threshold of a localcommander’s authority (in the DoD) documentation, submission to a higher authority for approvaland funding is required. Depending on the size and amount of new construction, the approval andfunding authority will be the U.S. Congress. For these projects, facilities planning should bedocumented (e.g., DD-1391 Military Construction Project Data document). For private industry,project size may dictate long and short-term investment strategies and Board of Director approvals.

Military Construction (MILCON), as defined in Title 10 U.S. Code § 2801, is “Any construction, development, conversion, or extension of any kind carried out with respect to a military installation, whether to satisfy temporary or permanent requirements, or any acquisition of land or construction of a defense access road (as described in Section 210 of Title 23).”8 CPC requirements are often left to the assigned project manager after the project is approved for inclusion in the RFP. The planning principles identified in this standard encourage planners to make certain that the appropriate CPC wording is included in project documentation and associated estimates and mission impact statements.

Characteristics of good planning and programming for facilities include:

Critical: • Assessing the location and regional environment where the facility will be constructed and

operated.• Identifying the function and anticipated life cycle of the facility.• Identifying the health and safety criteria/requirements for the facility.• Ensuring the availability of adequate resources to implement and sustain the facility CPC.• Utilizing approved CPC criteria, specifications, standards and guidance.• Providing a QA, QC, and Cx process for the project execution and facility

construction/operational turnover.

Desired: • Engaging CPC expertise in the development of the project plan.• Ensuring that any lessons learned from similar facilities are included in the project

development.• Considering incorporation of improved CPC technologies into the project.

A5.2 Project Development

a) CPC Requirements in SOW/RFP/etc.:

• CPC requirements in contract language should always reflect the needs of the acquiringorganization based on mission requirements, funding, time, and political constraints.

• Documented CPC requirements should reflect the areas identified during the corrosion riskassessment to ensure appropriate focus is placed on historical failures and high cost lessonslearned.

• Predictors of natural deterioration and manufactured deterioration should be examined andprepared for during the development of the SOW/RFP.

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b) Quality Assurance, Quality Control and Commissioning:

• Where CPC is included in the contract, ensure that the appropriate quality controllanguage is included and consistent with the Contractor Quality Control (CQC) andCx Plans, including testing and QC measures. Utilize QA, QC and Cx programs toensure success.

• Ensure that the Government QA (Oversight), CQC and Cx plans are consistent withthe included CPC requirements.

• Ensure that test requirements and quality control procedures for components, requiringenhanced corrosion protection and coatings, are included in the contract language.

Characteristics of a good project development approach for facilities include:

Critical: • Identifying the CPC requirements for the facility.• Ensuring that the CPC requirements reflect the needs of the organization.• Ensuring that the CPC requirements are reflected in the contract documentation.• Ensuring that CPC contract requirements are flowed down into facility requirements at the

specification level and below.

Desired: • Assessing potential deterioration effects on materials of construction.• Providing for a QA, QC and Cx program with planned periodic evaluations of the facility’s

condition.• Ensuring that the QA, QC and Cx program targets high risk components of the facility.

A5.2.1 Procurement/Contract Management: Facility procurement/contract management and associated actions are shaped by the nature of an installation’s or facility’s purpose, which includes the requirements placed upon it by the operational demands, the management policies, constraints in budget, and the political environment. Decisions made affect the readiness and availability of supported equipment and operations and require that the facilities be in synch with the requirement.

The actual procurement process begins with the identification of the requirement and continues to the creation of a statement of work and the associated contract documents up to and including the realization of a completed facility contract. The procurement strategy defines the contract type and delivery methods, such as simplified acquisition (lower cost contracts), DB or DBB. DBB offers the best opportunity for specificity in a contract delivery method, and Design-Build provides the least because the contractor hires the designer and selects the products to be used. Regardless of the organization and the acquisition rules, selection of the appropriate delivery method and contract type has a huge potential impact on the finished product.

a) Standards and Criteria: Identify and leverage approved standards and criteria.

• Utilize criteria and specifications to completely describe the desired objective• Consider utilizing criteria and standards hosted on the Whole Building Design Guide

(www.wbdg.org).

Characteristics of a good procurement/contract management approach for facilities include:

Critical: • Assessing the impact on requirements from the operational demands, management policies,

budget constraints, and the political environment.• Identifying the purpose and intended use duration of the facility.• Specifying any unique criteria driven by the facilities function.• Utilizing the appropriate criteria, standards and specifications for the subject facility.• For government facilities, utilizing the whole building design guide.

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• Pursuing a simplified acquisition process (DB or DBB) for the facility design andconstruction.

Desired: • Review and coordinate projects by a committee of public works design and maintenance,

safety, environmental, and security to ensure projects are fully coordinated before release.• Provide lessons learned from past projects to the project development team for the

upcoming projects.• Periodic meetings of groups are held to ensure sharing of important information. This

practice allows for the exchange of information and reprioritization of some work andincludes fire and safety topic dialog with customers.

• Record lessons learned into the specifications, change maintenance practices or providefeedback to the design agent.

A5.2.2 Technical Reviews: • The technical review requirements in the contractor’s proposal need to be assessed and

if necessary, negotiated to include more prescriptive requirements.

Characteristics of good technical review requirements for facilities include:

Critical: • Ensuring that the technical requirements are included in the documentation.• Assessing the relevance of the requirements to the facilities proposed function and

operating location.

Desired: • Planning for periodic re-evaluation of the requirements.• Identifying the criteria for the review.

A5.3 Design Considerations for CPC

Facilities are constructed of materials that are susceptible to factors causing corrosion, such as oxidation, stress, surface wear and other chemical and environmental mechanisms. Recognizing and addressing the pervasive effects on facilities, readiness and personnel safety will help drive the incorporation of CPC requirements.

A5.3.1 Environmental Severity: Assess the environmental severity of the location for the proposed facility and design and specify components and assemblies to reach the intended service life, including the use of enhanced materials and coatings in highly corrosive environments. A5.3.2 CPC Features and Materials: Select and specify materials and coatings that have low life cycle costs that are durable and minimize the need for preventative and corrective maintenance. Initial investments in corrosion prevention are typically more life cycle cost-effective than maintenance, repair, and replacement of prematurely degraded components. Utilize the CPC Criteria and information hosted on the Whole Building Design Guide (https://www.wbdg.org/ffc/dod: reference (j)) when applicable. Guide specifications and performance technical specifications should be marked-up as necessary to identify CPC requirements.

A5.3.3 New CPC Technologies: The requiring organization, the designer and the design-builder (if used) should be aware of new proven technologies. Understanding the effectiveness of new technologies could result in reduced life cycle costs. Having the designer and the contractor address their understanding and expertise in the CPC area during the selection process is essential to creating an environment where good CPC decisions are made.

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Characteristics of good design considerations for facilities include:

Critical: • Assessing the environmental severity of the location for the proposed facility.• Selecting durable materials for construction.• Utilizing standardized CPC criteria.

Desired: • Incorporating proven new CPC technologies in the design.• Utilizing CPC expertise during the design development.

A5.4 Construction

Discuss CPC requirements at design and construction kick-off meetings to ensure that the owner’s expectations are established and that they should be documented in the constructed facility.

A5.4.1 CPC in Design and Drawings: Ensure any modifications to the original design and specifications do not reduce the corrosion prevention features of the building components, and ensure deviations, substitutions, and field modifications are approved by the designer of record.

A5.4.2 Facility Turnover and Training: At completion of the project, ensure that CPC-related features are documented in as-built drawings, operation and maintenance manuals, and other related information provided to the installation. Operations and maintenance data should be captured and used to:

• Ensure that the contractor compiles the required electronic data packages as constructionprogresses.

• Ensure product and equipment data include material type, grade, finish, and coatinginformation.

• Ensure components and systems are documented before being covered up/enclosed inwalls, foundation, and backfill – include photographic documentation if possible.

• Ensure that the electronic (digital) information (e.g., as-built drawings, product information,etc.) is included as a key element for facility turnover.

a) Conducting operator training will assure the owner and sustainabilitymanagement that building and CPC features are understood and initiated correctly.

o The training mentioned in Paragraph 5.4.2 helps the sustainability staffunderstand how to best create a preventive maintenance and inspection programfor the new facilities.

o By combining training and electronic deliverables of as-built conditions, thesustainability will be best positioned to resource for and sustain the new facilities.

A5.4.3 Quality Assurance (QA), Quality Control (QC) and Commissioning (Cx): QA, QC and Cx planning is essential to achieve good design and construction oversight. The ultimate goal of meeting the owner’s needs often depends on the successful completion of these programs. Ensure that reports of observation and tests are included in turnover documentation to the owner’s sustainability organization. A heightened level of QA, QC and Cx should be given during design and construction for the following components and systems, which typically have high sustainability costs associated with corrosion:

• Building envelope - Exterior doors, windows, and roofing• Exterior attachments - Stairways, gutters/down spouts, lighting fixtures, electrical panels,

and mechanical louvers• Interior spaces with high humidity, plumbing, and fixtures• Interior spaces routinely open to the exterior and non-conditioned spaces that are vented• HVAC systems

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• Pavements• Utilities and buried structures• Waterfront and coastal structures• Wastewater plants

Characteristics of a good CPC construction approach for facilities include:

Critical: • Ensuring that CPC requirements are included in the discussions at design and construction

kick-off meetings.• Assessing if any modifications to the original design and specifications reduce the

corrosion prevention features.• Ensuring that the requirement to document CPC-related features in as-built drawings,

operation and maintenance manuals, and other related information provided to theprocuring activity is included in the contract.

• Ensuring that QA, QC and Cx programs are developed and utilized in the construction andoperation/maintenance of the facility.

• Ensuring adequate data documentation of CPC materials and processes used inconstruction.

Desired: • Ensuring that any personnel CPC training is provided as part of the facility turnover.

A5.5 Sustainability

A5.5.1 Preventive Maintenance Strategy: Sustainment, restoration, and modernization engineering and design include the full range of efforts from corrosion problem solving to selection of criteria and development of plans and specifications. Problem solving may require analysis of an issue, such as the cause and mitigation of mold or the untimely appearance of rust. The sustainment, restoration, and modernization engineer should then determine what corrective measures are required. Examples include the inclusion of dehumidification considerations, selection of a specialized coating, or determining which type of power pole replacement material should be used in highly corrosive soils. These "solutions" may not require full plans and specifications, but are important to the proper functioning of an installation's facilities and should be addressed. In general, preventive measures in the acquisition and design process can be more cost-effective than corrective maintenance as a result of more susceptible materials degrading at a higher rate once corrosion forms or chemical deterioration begins. The information collected during routine maintenance inspections and from local maintainers of the facility will help in determining appropriate corrosion mitigation strategies. Suggested resources for the development of a maintenance program include:

• Recorded component maintenance and replacement history• As-built engineering drawings and contract specifications• Electronic Operation and Maintenance Information and associated electronic data (e.g. as-

built conditions, installed information on CPC features, guidance on sustainability actions,etc.)

• Construction submittals• Contracting Officer Technical Representative (COTR) and subject matter expert

interviews• Architect/Engineer of record• Contract design criteria and guide specifications

Characteristics of a good preventive maintenance strategy include:

Critical:

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• Assessing how the facility will be maintained over its life cycle.• Establishing an approach for performing inspections and maintenance of the facility.• Performing periodic evaluations of the facilities maintenance strategy.

Desired: • Providing a balance between CPC preventive and corrective actions.• Identifying the sustainment owner/responsibility.

A5.5.2 Maintenance Program: Basic system design, material selection, and production processes, along with the development and implementation of intrinsic corrosion prevention strategies, establish the risk of corrosion vulnerability of all defense and private sector assets. Sound and informed decision-making during the stages of planning, design and procurement/contracting provide the best opportunity to select and apply design criteria that will prevent or mitigate future corrosion, affecting sustainability, durability, key dimensions of longevity, and reducing corrosion costs in the facilities' life cycle.

• For existing facilities, the sustainment, restoration, and modernization professional willneed to establish the type and extent of corrosion discovered during facility inspections,along with the age of the facility or component in question, and the type of materials andcoatings used. Based upon this information, corrective measures can be established andpursued.

• Leveraging a sustainability management information system will facilitate good and cost-effective decisions. The sustainability management system will assist with maintenanceplanning, preventive maintenance scheduling and tracking, corrective work planning andmanagement and cost control.

• The sustainability management information system will support these actions along withproviding essential history and repair program budgeting and scheduling.

• While this may seem like an obvious statement, facilities life cycle and the associatedmaintenance actions should be consistent with the objectives of the owner and the intendeduse for the facility. CPC sustainability actions should be in line with the facility life cycleobjectives to ensure sound budgeting and wise expenditure of what is often a very limitedsustainability budget.

Characteristics of a good sustainability approach include:

Critical: • Assessing the root cause of pre-mature failures of critical components.• Identifying a method for capturing CPC data from the inspection and maintenance of the

facility.• Performing periodic evaluations of the facilities condition.• Establishing CPC criteria for the maintenance program.

Desired: • Providing a balance between CPC preventive and corrective actions.• Identifying the sustainment owner/responsibility.

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Table A1 Example of How to Accomplish CPC in a Facilities Project

DescriptionNew

Construction & Repair Project

Sustain, Repair,

Modernize

Planning and Programming Identify Requirement

Consider local Environmental Severity impact & Expertise Input

Engage CPC Expertise Select Active CPC Systems (e.g. Cathodic Protection) where appropriateEstablish Budget Requirments for Project Documentation & Submission

Project Development (SOW/RFP)

Select Contract Type most appropriate to available budget, risk & project expectations

Develop project plan, budget & documentationSelect CPC criteria requirement level associated with the Contract Type Select approved standards & criteria such as those hosted on wbdg.org (http://www.wbdg.org/ffc/dod) to establish detailed Contract Performance Requirements

Identify Quality Assurance (Owner/Government) requirements

Include Quality Control & Commissioning Requirements in RFP/SOWConsider impacts of Industrial Processes & Contaminants in material selection & installation along with the associated impact on project costEnsure Technical Review includes CPC requirements for Contractor's Proposal

Design Considerations Include discussion of CPC requirements in Design Kickoff DiscussionInclude Environmental Severity Classification (ESC) impacts in the Design (http://www.wbdg.org/additional-resources/tools/corrosion-toolbox)

Address high Sustainment Components Requirements related to CPCSelect LCC Material, Coatings, Active CPC Systems & Design Geometries consistent with the ESC & appropriate to the budget

Consider Risk Assessment/Service Life where appropriateAddress Technology Integration requirements during the editing of the appropriate criteria documentModify & Edit Criteria & Specifications associated with appropriate levels of CPC Requirements

Construction Discuss CPC requirements during Construction Kickoff Ensure that CPC is considered & survives Design Modifications & Construction Deviations Process

Delineate & execute oversight requirements in QA, QC, Cx ProcessesDocument CPC features in as-built drawings & project data (eOMSI) (http://www.wbdg.org/FFC/DOD/UFGS/UFGS%2001%2078%2024.00%2020.pdf)

Conduct CPC specific Operator Training

Ensure that Facility Turnover includes discussion of CPC features

Sustainment Develop CPC Preventive Maintenance StrategyConduct Inspection with associated data capture to include type & extent of corrosion, component material, coatings, warranties, age & maintenance historyCreate & conduct a maintenance program, including regular inspections that addresses CPC

Follow Best Practice CPC Maintenance Planning & Work Scheduling

Ensure that management understands & supports CPC Sustainment Ensure that the management of CPC Sustainment supports the Operations & Mission of the organization

FacilitiesJoint Corrosion Prevention and Control Planning Worksheet/Checklist (Facilities)

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Appendix B Evaluation Methodology for Assessing CPC Planning

(Nonmandatory)

This appendix is considered nonmandatory, although it may contain mandatory language. It is intended only to provide supplementary information for possible evaluation of the effectiveness of CPC Planning. The user of this standard is not required to follow, but may choose to follow, any or all of the provisions herein.

Section B6: CPC Planning Assessment

B6.1 CPC Planning Key Element Assessment:

The following methodology can be used to assess the effectiveness of a program or project in its use of any of the key CPC planning elements contained in the body of this standard. Each key element of CPC planning has a corresponding section in Appendix A, which provides some description of the requirement as well as a list of critical and desired characteristics for adopting or executing that element. Once the level of CPC planning (including key elements) required for the construction, operation and maintenance of the product or facility has been identified, these critical and desired characteristics can be used to assess the incorporation of each element in the program or project. This can be accomplished by assigning a numeric value to these characteristics. For example, Critical Characteristics could be assigned a value of three (3) while desired characteristics could be set to a value of one (1). Table B1 is an example of this methodology applied to the characteristics of Section 3.1, CPC Strategy, applied to three mythical programs (A, B and C). Using the maximum score from the example values assigned to each characteristic above, if a program incorporated all 12 characteristics, it could receive a maximum score of 24. Then, by evaluating each program’s use of a particular characteristic, one can award it with the full, partial or no value. Finally, using a grading system like Good/Green for a score ≥75% of the maximum; Fair/Yellow for 50% to 75% and Poor/Red for below 50%, one can easily differentiate between the program’s effectiveness of incorporating a CPC Strategy.

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Table B1 CPC Strategy Element Assessment

CPC Element Priority Characteristic (Critical Value = 3 and Desired Value = 1)# Proposal/ Program A

Proposal/ Program B

Proposal/ Program C

Max* Value

CriticalAddressing CPC early in the planning, design, procurement/contracting and construction cycle.

3 3 3 3

Critical

Identifying specific CPC requirements early in the process and demonstrating how they will be addressed as part of the program or project documentation. As the project evolves, the documentation needs to be kept current, reflecting any changes.

3 3 3 3

CriticalEstablishing adequate communication methods to receive and convey all aspects of corrosion prevention and control and its potential impact to the product or facility’s life cycle costs.

3 2 0 3

CriticalIncorporation of the strategy into all appropriate program or project documentation, including the procurement/contract package.

3 3 0 3

Critical

Communicating all CPC contract requirements to all entities (sub-contractors, suppliers, etc.) engaged in supplying/supporting development of the product or facility. Communications should include the types and process for providing any incentives to the contractor and subcontractors for incorporating CPC into the design and manufacture, production, and construction.

2 1 0 3

Critical Effective approach to resource and implement the CPC Strategy. 3 0 0 3

DesiredEnsuring relevant corrosion specifications, standards and other requirements are modernized and updated, and direction and guidance on the CPC strategy is provided.

1 1 0 1

DesiredImproving education and training of program/project personnel in the recognition of CPC and implementation of CPC.

0 0 0 1

Desired Adopting and utilizing available advanced life-prediction and performance-assessment techniques/methodologies. 1 1 0 1

Desired Designing best practices for improved life cycle CPC. 1 1 1 1Desired Transition of CPC technology into criteria and practice for facilities. 1 0 0 1

Desired Procurement/contract package includes specific measurable CPC planningproposal evaluation criteria and requirements. 1 1 0 1

22 16 7 24

CPC

Stra

tegy

* Apply the formula (Sum of C’s*3)+(Sum of D’s))=X where X is the total max score forthe element.# Table shows Examples of Full (3) and Partial Credit (2/1) for CPC Element Characteristics.

This approach can then be applied to each of the elements of interest for the particular program or project to assess specific aspects of CPC planning. Table B2 is a template example for evaluating any element in this standard for three hypothetical programs (A, B and C).

Table B2 Template for CPC Element Assessment

Max Value for Characteristic

Program A Being

Evaluated

Program B Being

Evaluated

Program C Being

EvaluatedCritical Characteristic Description 3 Rating Rating RatingCritical Characteristic Description 3 Rating Rating RatingCritical Characteristic Description 3 Rating Rating RatingCritical Characteristic Description 3 Rating Rating RatingDesired Characteristic Description 1 Rating Rating RatingDesired Characteristic Description 1 Rating Rating RatingDesired Characteristic Description 1 Rating Rating RatingDesired Characteristic Description 1 Rating Rating Rating

Total Score for Characteristics Max Sum A Sum B Sum C SumProgram Rating = Program Total Score divided by Max

Total Score for Element

A Sum *100 / Max Sum

B Sum *100 / Max Sum

C Sum *100 / Max Sum

Elem

ent B

eing

Ev

alua

ted

Individual Element Evaluation

B6.2 Overall CPC Planning Effectiveness:

To assess the overall effectiveness of a program’s or project’s CPC planning, the methodology above can be used in a cumulative manner. To get this assessment: 1) Calculate the sum of the individual element’s total scores; 2) Calculate the sum of the total max score for each element; 3) divide the result from step 1 by the result of step 2 to get an overall percentage effectiveness for the

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program or project. Again, this can be tailored to the specific program or project needs. This tailoring of the assessment methodology can include modifications like: eliminating unused key elements, adding a weighting factor to categories or specific key elements, adjusting the individual characteristic values, etc. See Table B3 for an example template for evaluating the CPC planning of a Design Phase Program using the total score approach.

Table B3 Overall CPC Planning Assessment Max Scores*

* The Design Elements have been double weighted in this example.

Another approach would be to use an average score by taking the individual element score percentages and averaging them for all element characteristics. The resultant percentage could then be used as the overall CPC planning score. The key is flexibility in order to adjust this approach to a program’s or project’s needs, the stage in the life of the program or project being evaluated, and any factors that might require more emphasis on a particular area.