Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Its data sources, components, operational...

Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved.

Its data sources, components, operational

flow and institutional arrangement

Part 2

A sustainable GIS

Produced in Collaboration between World Bank Institute and the Development Data Group (DECDG)


The components of GIS

Six key components:Hardware Software Data People Method and workflowMaintenance

Analogy – a sustainable and functional GIS can be compared to a vehicle

HardwareThe body of the vehicle – the physical GIS infrastructure

Personal computers, laptops, PDAsPrinters and plottersIT NetworkServer and data storageGPS Units


The components of GIS…cont.

SoftwareThe engine of the vehicle

GIS software – proprietary or open sourceChoose the correct software for your long and short term needsPeripheral software – CAD, Image Processing software, GPS data transferral softwareDatabase software – Oracle, SQL server

DataThe fuel for your vehicle – most important componentNeed data of a good quality, accuracy, currencyData should be appropriate to your needsThe most important and expensive commodity a NSO will invest inGarbage in, garbage out principle – quality and relevance of data determines quality and relevance of analysis and data productsCare must be taken with the storage and maintenance of data


The components of GIS…cont.People

Someone needs to drive this vehicle – someone with a licenseTrained, skilled and experienced GIS staff necessaryVarious levels and types of skills necessary – determined by what you want to use the GIS forSpecialist GIS knowledge and relevant subject matter knowledge essential

Method and workflowYou need a plan, a route for this vehicle to drive on – where do you want to go and how will you get there? How do you drive this vehicle?Purpose and vision of GIS that culminates in a definitive methodology and operational workflowWith set parameters and standards


The components of GIS…cont.

MaintenanceVehicle needs to be serviced and maintained

Hardware and software maintenance and upgradesAnnual line budget for consumable acquisition and continued staff trainingContinued data maintenance and updates


Implementation issues and strategies

Now that you know a bit more about GIS and its related geotechnology, you are most likely asking the following questions:

How do I implement GIS in my organization?

What strategy should I follow?

What are the pitfalls I should look out for to ensure that my organization obtains maximum benefit from implementing a GIS and to ensure it is sustainable?”

The following issues will be dealt with:Reality versus expectationsCommon pitfallsGeneric implementation steps


GIS is a long term investment with a steep learning curve

Requires initial investment funding and continued financial support

Requires a properly structured and systematic implementation plan which covers:

system acquisition tactics and costs;data requirements and costs;database design;initial data loading requirements and costs;system installation tactics, timetable, and costs;system life cycle and replacement costs;day-to-day operating procedures and costs;staffing requirements and costs;user training and costs; andapplication development and costs.

Reality vs. expectations


Cost of establishing a successful GIS operation is substantial – expectations should be realistic and long term maintenance implications must be considered

Must consider how GIS will interact with the organization and where it will be positioned within the organization

A successful and sustainable GIS needs adequate financial and institutional support from the organization

Reality vs. expectations…cont.

Absolute buy-in from principle decision makers and senior management is crucial


Several pitfalls exist that most often contribute to the failure of a GIS implementation strategy

Failure to identify and involve all users

Operation, management and policy levels of organization must be involved – buy-in must be ensured

Failure to match GIS capability and needsMake the right hardware and software choices according to you needs and long term financial sustainability

Common pitfalls

Failure to identify total costsGIS hardware and software acquisition cost represents only a fraction of the total cost of implementing a GISMaintenance costs are substantial and include hardware and software maintenance, staffing, system administration, initial data loading, data updating, custom programming, and consulting feesMust ensure annual GIS costs are part of annual budget


Lack of a basic implementation plan

Implementation plan critical for sustainable GIS

Failure to consider technology transfer Staff at the three levels should be educated with respect to the role of the GIS in the organizationFormal and on-the job training necessary on continuous basis

Common pitfalls…cont.


Creating institutional awareness

GIS needs to be sold within an organization – need to educate key decision maker and management on the potential and use of GIS

Implementing your GIS – Generic steps


Identifying system requirementsUser needs analysis which is then translated into functional requirementsUse of experienced GIS consultants to determine findings and recommendations for:

Hardware and software requiredIT requirementsData and database requiredStaff and training (skills sets) requiredMethodology to be implementedInstitutional arrangement (where will the GIS Unit fit into the organizational structure)Logistical considerations

Office spaceFurniture and additional equipmentProcurement procedures

Financial costs and budgetMaintenance and sustainability issues

Implementing your GIS – Generic steps


System EvaluationIdentifying required hardware, software and database platform according to user needs and functional requirements

Implementing your GIS – Generic steps…cont.

System acquisition and start upAcquisition of all hardware and softwareArchitectural system setup, installation and implementationGenerate base products quickly – first impressions are long remembered

Operational phaseOn going maintenance, methodological application and development Issues of responsibility, liability and data security is critical


Positioning Geotechnology with your NSO

Financial statisticsNational Government Accounts statisticsProvincial Government Accounts statistics Local Government Accounts statistics Non-financial Local Government statisticsPrivate sector statistics

Employment StatisticsQuarterly employment surveyLabour force survey

Price StatisticsConsumer price index (CPI)Rural consumer price indexProduction price index (PPI)

Vital StatisticsBirth, death, health, marriage & divorce statisticsTourism statisticsMigration statistics

Population StatisticsPopulation CensusCommunity SurveyThematic reports on demographic processes,fertility, health, ageing and mortality Population projections and estimates

Geographic Frame

Industry and Trade StatisticsPrimary sector statistics Agriculture statisticsSecondary sector statistics Tertiary sector statistics Tourism statisticsBusiness services statistics

Business Frame

Social StatisticsGeneral household survey Second economy informationMaster sampleUser paid surveys

National Accounts

Methodology and Standards

SystemSystemof Statisticsof Statistics

Quarterly and annual gross domestic product estimatesBenchmarking gross domestic product estimates

Annual supply & use tablesSatellite accounts

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Position GIS so it becomes a corporate service provider to the entire organization

Your one-stop spatial statistics shop

Draws data from and feeds data into various organizational departments

Source: Statistics South Africa, 2007

Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Its data sources, components, operational...

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Transcript of Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Its data sources, components, operational...