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WiMAX Link Models

Max Riegel

2006-09-12


Tunneling IP packets through the WiMAX access network (IPv4 case)

MS

Internet

CSN

3GMNO

• The 802.16 Convergence Sublayer (CS) provides tunneling over the air.– Tunnels are identified by the CID (Connection Identifier)– Assignment of CIDs is performed in the BS– Plain IP packets can be forwarded over CS

GRE

LNKPHY LNKLNK

GREIP IP IPMAC

PHY

Micro Mobility Mgmt

LNK

IP IP

IP

IPLNK LNK

IP

R1 R6 R3

R5ASNGWBS

ASN

CSN

MACCSCS MIP MIPMIP Tunnel

802.16


Convergence Sublayer• IEEE802.16-2004:

5. Service specific CSThe service specific CS resides on top of the MAC CPS and utilizes, via the MAC SAP, the services provided by the MAC CPS. The CS performs the following functions:– accepting higher layer protocol data units (PDUs) from

the higher layer– performing classification of higher layer PDUs– processing (if required) the higher layer PDUs based on

the classification– delivering CS PDUs to the appropriate MAC SAP– receiving CS PDUs from the peer entity

• 802.16e defines 11 different Convergence Sublayer types suitable for IP


Classification & Encapsulation• Packet-handling in the base station is done based

on information in the packet header

Classification based on header information

Encapsulation and forwarding


IEEE802.16e: CS Options


Coexistence of CS Types in the IEEE 802.16 Standard

• Physical Layer, MAC Common Part Sublayer and Management/Control Plane are agnostic to user payload (CS type)

• Standard accommodates multiple instantiations of CS types

• Classification is specific to particular CS type

– e.g. for IPoETH-CS, 14-18 bytes of additional header information must be parsed per packet.


Header fields for classification• IP on 802.16

– CID = function of :• destination IP address• source IP address• type of service field• destination port• source port

• Ethernet on 802.16– CID = function of :

• destination Ethernet address• source Ethernet address• Ethernet user priority field

• IP over Ethernet over 802.16– CID = function of:

• {IP on 802.16}• {Ethernet on 802.16}


ASN Data Planefor IP-CS

CS SAP

Service SpecificConvergence Sublayer

(CS)

MAC SAP

MAC Common PartSublayer

(MAC CPS)

Privacy Sublayer

Physical Layer(PHY)

PHY SAP

MAC

PHY

IEEE802.16/802.16eData/Control Plane

PHS (opt.)

Clas

sifie

r

CS SAP

MAC SAP


(MAC CPS)

Privacy Sublayer

Physical Layer(PHY)

PHY SAP

PHS (opt.)

CID#

1

Clas

sifie

r

CS SAP

MAC SAP


(MAC CPS)

Privacy Sublayer

Physical Layer(PHY)

PHY SAP

PHS (opt.)CI

D#3

Clas

sifie

rCS SAP

MAC SAP


(MAC CPS)

Privacy Sublayer

Physical Layer(PHY)

PHY SAP

PHS (opt.)

CID#

5

Clas

sifie

r

CID#

6CI

D#4

CID#

2

MS MS MS

BS

APPL APPL APPL

Data Path Function

Data Path Function

GR

E-K

ey#

1

GR

E-K

ey#

2

GR

E-K

ey#

3

R6

R1

Mapping & FilteringDHCPServer

PMIPClient ASN

GW

R3

IP-Service

IP service scenario illustrated for Release 1 type routed ASN


GR

E-K

ey#

1

GR

E-K

ey#

2

GR

E-K

ey#

3

ARP & ProxyARP

ASN Data Plane for IPoETH/ETH-CS

CS SAP

Service SpecificConvergence Sublayer

(CS)

MAC SAP


(MAC CPS)

Privacy Sublayer

Physical Layer(PHY)

PHY SAP

MAC

PHY

IEEE802.16/802.16eData/Control Plane

PHS (opt.)

Clas

sifie

r

CS SAP

MAC SAP


(MAC CPS)

Privacy Sublayer

Physical Layer(PHY)

PHY SAP

PHS (opt.)

CID#

1

Clas

sifie

r

CS SAP

MAC SAP


(MAC CPS)

Privacy Sublayer

Physical Layer(PHY)

PHY SAP

PHS (opt.)CI

D#3

Clas

sifie

rCS SAP

MAC SAP


(MAC CPS)

Privacy Sublayer

Physical Layer(PHY)

PHY SAP

PHS (opt.)

CID#

5

Clas

sifie

r

CID#

6CI

D#4

CID#

2

MS MS MSBS

APPL APPL APPL

Data Path Function

R6

R1

Mapping & FilteringDHCPRelay

PMIPClientASN

GW

R3

Data Path FunctionProxyARP

IP-Service

ET

H-S

erv

ice

ProxyARP is applied to prevent wastage of radio resources due to ARP broadcasts.

Coexistence IP & Ethernet service scenario Illustrated for Release 1 type routed ASN;Bridged ASN(R6) is for further study.


CP and DP Protocol Layeringfor routed ASN transport

MS ASN

PHY PHYPHY PHY PHY PHY

CSN CSNASN-GWBS

MAC MACLNK LNK LNK LNK

.16Ctrl .16CtrlIP IP IP IP

PHY PHYPHY PHY

PHY PHYPHY PHYMAC MAC

LNK LNKLNK LNK

LNK LNKIP-CS IP-CSIP IP

IP IPIP IPIP IP

GREIP

GREIPIPIP

ASNctrl ASNctrl CSNctrl CSNctrl

Control

IP*-CS Data Path

R1 R3 R5

R6

PHY PHYPHY PHY

PHY PHYPHY PHY

MAC MACLNK LNK

LNK LNKLNK LNK

ETH-CS ETH-CSIP IP

IP IPIP IPIP IP

GRE

IP

GRE

IPIPIP

IP*oETH-CS Data Path

ETHETH ETH ETH

Example shows GRE tunneling can be used for all CS types.ASN transport (switched/routed) does not depend on CS

PHY PHYPHY PHY

PHY PHYMAC MAC

LNK LNK

ETH ETHETH-CS ETH-CS

IP IPGRE GRE

ETHETH ETH ETHETH-CS Data Path


ETH-CS link model

• The ASN shall support Bridging between all its R1 interfaces and the interfaces towards the network side.

• When performing Bridging, the ASN shall forward all packets received from any R1 to a network side port.

– Peer-to-peer communication between MSs is not available by the Bridging in the ASN in Release 1.0

• When performing Bridging, the ASN should flood any packet received from a network side port destined for a MAC broadcast or multicast address to all its R1 interfaces.

– This flooding may be prevented by one of the filtering rules (e.g. for Proxy ARP).

MS

MS

MS

MS

MS

MS

BS

BS

ProxyARP

ASNGRE

GRE

ASN-GW

R1Network side


Link model for IPv6 support

• The link is modeled as a shared medium– All MSs are connected by P2P links to the AR– The MSs cannot communicate directly; all the

traffic goes through the AR• Emulation of shared link behavior by an

Authoritative Address Cache and Relay DAD• All the MSs attached to the same AR share the

same IPv6 Prefix

MS

MS

MS

MS

MS

MS

BS

BSASNGRE

GREASN-GW

R1

AuthoritativeAddr Cache

AR


• Extend Bridge with Relay DAD Procedure and Authoritative Address Cache.

• Pro:– Particularities of the link are solved in the link

layer– Additional functions fit well to ‘Proxy ARP’

information structures• Con: ?

AuthoritativeAddr Cache

IPv6oETH-CS Approach#2

MS

MS

MS

MS

MS

MS

BS

BS

ProxyARP

ASN

GRE

GREASN-GW

R1

AR


CP and DP Protocol Layeringfor switched ASN transport

MS ASN

PHY PHYPHY PHY PHY PHY

CSN CSNASN-GWBS

MAC MACETH ETH LNK LNK

.16Ctrl .16CtrlIP IP IP IP

PHY PHYPHY PHY

PHY PHYPHY PHYMAC MAC LNK LNKLNK LNKIP-CS IP-CS IP IPIP IPIP IP

ETHIP

ETHIPIPIP

ASNctrl ASNctrl CSNctrl CSNctrl

Control

IP*-CS Data Path

R1 R3 R5

PHY PHY

PHY PHYPHY PHY

PHY PHYMAC MAC

LNK LNKLNK LNK

ETH-CS ETH-CSIP IP

IP IPIP IPIP IPIPIP

IP*oETH-CS Data Path

ETHETH ETH ETH

PHY PHY

PHY PHY PHY PHYMAC MAC

ETH ETHETH-CS ETH-CS

ETHETH ETH ETHETH-CS Data Path

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