Indian Ocean

Tsunami of 2004

WHAT IS TSUNAMI ????

Also called seismic sea wave. Generated by an undersea geologic

event, such as a great earthquake, volcanic explosion, or underwater landslide.

“Tsunami” in Japanese means “harbor wave.”

Tsunamis are not “tidal waves.”

PICTURE OF A TSUNAMI

INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI OF DECEMBER 26, 2004

Caused by 9.0 earthquake beneath Java Trench, west of Sumatra, Indonesia

Fourth largest earthquake since 1900 1000 km of fault ruptured and sea floor

moved upward by about 5 m (16 ft) Occurred at 00:58:50 (UTC), at 6:58 a.m.

Local time, on Sunday, 26 December 2004.

Sumatra

Java Trench

At Sumatra, the Indian plate was

subducted beneath the overriding

Burma plate. The Indian plate begins its decent into the

mantle at the Sundra trench (west of the epicenter).

The relative motion of the two plates has been 6cm/yr.

BANDA ACEH, SUMATRA, INDONESIA

June 23, 2004

BANDA ACEH, SUMATRA, INDONESIA

Dec 28, 2004

WHY IT OCCURRED ??? Tsunami Warning Systems do exist

but unfortunately, there was no such system in place among the nations around the Indian Ocean.

Within 15 minutes of the mega quake, officials from the PTWC were calling nations in danger to warn them.

The information was slow to get to the locations in greatest risk.

And that was the reason for its occurrence.

THE TSUNAMI’S TOLL

• Deaths: >210,000– Indonesia: 166,000– Thailand: 5,000– Sri Lanka: 30,000– India: 10,000

• Damage: >$7 billion– Indonesia: $4.4 billion– India: $1.5 billion– Sri Lanka: $900 million

• Aid Donations: >$6.5 billion– Government pledges: $5.3 billion– Private donors: $1–2 billion

CYCLONE PHAILIN

OF4

OCTOBER,2013

WHAT IS A CYCLONE ???  A Cyclone is an area of closed, circular

fluid motion rotating in the same direction as the Earth.

This is usually characterized by inward spiraling winds that rotate anti-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere of the Earth.

Most large-scale cyclonic circulations are centered on areas of low atmospheric pressure.

PICTURE OF A CYCLONE

FACTS ABOUT CYCLONE PHAILIN

Formed: October 4, 2013 Dissipated: October 14, 2013 Highest winds: 3-minute sustained:215

km/h (130 mph)1-minute sustained:260 km/h (160 mph)

Lowest pressure: 940 mbar (hPa); 27.76 inHg(Estimated at 918 hPa (27.11 inHg) by the JTWC)

Fatalities: 45 totalDamage$696 million (2013 USD)

Areas affected: Thailand, Myanmar, India

CYCLONE’S TOLL The mass evacuation of about half a million

people from the eastern Indian states of Odisha and Andhra Pradesh ahead of Cyclone Phailin has been credited with the relatively low death toll from one of the worst storms to hit the country in more than a dozen years.

Phailin, which made landfall on Saturday, packed winds of up to 135 miles per hour, and of the 15 casualties reported by Reuters, most died from falling trees while one was buried after a mud hut collapsed on her. In contrast, about 10,000 people were killed in the last cyclone of this size to hit Odisha, in 1999, Reuters reported.

CYCLONE’S TOLL This time, however, authorities were

prepared and managed to evacuate about 500,000 people from the two coastal states, news reports said, adding that the displaced evacuees took refuge in shelters, schools and temples on higher ground.

"This is one of the largest evacuations undertaken in India," said Shashidhar Reddy, vice-chairman of the National Disaster Management Authority, the Guardian reported.

SOME VIDEOS 2004 INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI

CYCLONE PHAILIN

CYCLONE PHAILIN

BYJ@TIN GUPT@

9-A