Conveyancing Process Explained 100818041255 Phpapp02 (1)

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This guide has been prepared to provide a general guide to the conveyancing process(i.e. the process or selling and buying real estate). The process diers signiicantly romState to State.

The inormation included is not deinitive and should be treated as a guide only. You shouldalways seek expert advice rom a qualiied practitioner regarding any conveyancing matter.This guide relates primarily to residential sales.

DisclaimerThe inormation included in this document is not deinitive and should be treated as a guide only.It does not constitute legal advice. It should not be relied upon as a complete and actualstatement o the relevant legal processes and requirements in placethroughout the various Australian jurisdictions. Mortgage Choice Limited(ACN 009 161 979) assumes no responsibility or the accuracy orotherwise o the inormation contained in this document.Potential purchasers o real estate are advisedto always seek expert advice rom a qualiiedpractitioner regarding any conveyancing

matter and certainly prior to entering intoany agreement that imposeslegal obligations. This guiderelates primarily to the saleo residential real estate.

13 MORTGAGE • MortgageChoice.com.au



Contents

Part 1 – General information.................................................................................................................... 3

Overview...................................................................................................................................................... 3

Understanding “solicitor talk”...................................................................................................................... 3

The need or writing.................................................................................................................................... 3

The general process.................................................................................................................................... 4

The way contracts come into existence...................................................................................................... 4

Types o title................................................................................................................................................. 6

Part 2 – Steps in the conveyancing process.........................................................................................7

Step 1 – Preparation o the Contract o Sale.............................................................................................. 7

Step 2 – Make an oer................................................................................................................................ 7Step 3 – Paying a ‘holding deposit’............................................................................................................. 7

Step 4 – Buying at auction.......................................................................................................................... 8

Step 5 – Exchange o contracts & paying a deposit.................................................................................. 8

Step 6 – Risk............................................................................................................................................... 8

Step 7 – Cooling-o period......................................................................................................................... 9

Step 8 – Transer o property title.............................................................................................................. 10

Step 9 – Time or completion..................................................................................................................... 10Step 10 – Requisitions................................................................................................................................11

Step 11 – Outgoing mortgagee................................................................................................................... 11

Step 12 – Adjustments............................................................................................................................... 12

Step 13 – Settlement.................................................................................................................................. 12

Step 14 – Ater settlement.......................................................................................................................... 12

Note – i settlement does not occur........................................................................................................... 12

Key differences between the States and Territories.........................................................................13

Queensland................................................................................................................................................ 13

New South Wales......................................................................................................................................13

Victoria........................................................................................................................................................ 14

Tasmania..................................................................................................................................................... 15

South Australia........................................................................................................................................... 15

Western Australia........................................................................................................................................ 16

Australian Capital Territory.......................................................................................................................... 16

Northern Territory....................................................................................................................................... 16




OverviewConveyancing reers to the sale o real estate rom a vendor (seller) to a purchaser (buyer).

Conveyancing can also reer to the process under which a mortgagor gives a mortgage toa mortgagee.

Understanding “solicitor talk”

Exchange — when a binding legal contract to buy and sell land comes into existence. A deposit

o 5% or 10% o the purchase price is usually paid at the time o exchange and usually held by a stakeholder (the vendor’s real estate agent, solicitor, or conveyancer) until completion o the contract.

Completion or Settlement — when the balance o the purchase money is paid over, the title istranserred to the purchaser and (usually) the purchaser takes possession o the land.

Property — can reer to any kind o asset at all including land (also called real estate), goods(also called chattels), ixtures (goods which are attached to land), choses inaction (rights to suepeople) and non physical rights such as intellectual property and conidential inormation. Accordingly, when reerring to real estate it is better to use the term real

estate or land rather than the general term property .

Person — to a solicitor means any legal entity. This includes individuals(i.e. human beings), companies, strata bodies corporate and statutorycorporations (e.g. local councils).

The need or writing

Generally a binding contract to buy, sell, or mortgage real estatecan only be created by written agreement. Contrast this with manyother transactions that do not require writing (e.g. buying goods at

a shop, agreeing to get married). A contract to buy or sell real estate is probably the largest and mostimportant transaction into which most individuals will ever enter,other than marriage vows. It is also a contract about which thereis oten much dispute (“you didn’t tell me that the views would beblocked”). Accordingly, it is important to be very precise about whenthe obligation to buy and sell arises. I there is any correspondenceabout a proposed sale that is not intended to create a bindingcontract, it is important to say “subject to ormal contract”.




The general process

In all States and Territories, conveyancing ollows the same general process.

The way contracts come into existence

There are subtle but important dierences between the manner in which contracts come intoexistence in each State and Territory.

In most jurisdictions, the real estate agent usually conducts the exchange and the negotiationsleading to the exchange. However, in N.S.W. and the A.C.T. solicitors/conveyancers are otensigniicantly involved. Accordingly, in N.S.W. and the A.C.T. there can be much more haggling aboutthe deal ater the real estate agent declares a property “sold” and beore a binding legal agreementis created.

Contracts come into existence

This is when the sale agreement becomes binding. A 10% deposit is usually paid.

Settlement/Completion

The balance o purchase money is paid and title transers to the purchaser.

Title documents registered

The land registration details are changed to show the purchaser as the owner.




Who handles conveyancing?

How do contracts come into existence?


State/Territory Who prepares the contract How does exchange take place?

Queensland Vendor’s real estate agent As soon as both parties sign the contract o sale and the

purchaser receives their copy, both the purchaser and the

vendor are bound to the terms o the contract. The real estate

agent usually arranges this and delivers copies to the vendor’s

and purchaser’s solicitor/conveyancer.

N.S.W. Vendor’s solicitor/conveyancer The vendor and purchaser each sign one copy o the contract.

These copies are exchanged (swapped), usually by the parties’

solicitor/conveyancer except or auction sales when the agent

exchanges the contracts. Exchange can occur by mail or ace to

ace.

A.C.T. Vendor’s solicitor The vendor and purchaser each sign one copy o the contract.

These copies are exchanged (swapped), usually by the parties’

solicitor/conveyancer ace to ace.

Victoria Vendor’s solicitor or

real estate agent

The vendor and purchaser each sign one copy o the contract.

These copies are exchanged (swapped), usually by the real

estate agent.

Tasmania Vendor’s solicitor/conveyancer The vendor and purchaser each sign one copy o the contract.


estate agent.

South Australia Vendor’s solicitor/conveyancer As soon as both parties sign the contract o sale and the

purchaser receives their copy, both the purchaser and the

vendor are bound to the terms o the contract. The real estate

agent usually arranges this and delivers copies to the vendor’s

and purchaser’s solicitor/conveyancer.

Western Australia Vendor’s solicitor/conveyancer The vendor and purchaser each sign one copy o the contract.


estate agent.

Northern Territory Vendor’s real estate agent/

solicitor/conveyancer

The vendor and purchaser each sign one copy o the contract.


estate agent.



Types o title

Torrens Title — a system o registering land introducedin South Australia in 1858, ormulated by then colonialPremier o South Australia, Sir Robert Torrens.

Since then, it has become common around theCommonwealth o Nations and the whole world.Under the system, the Titles Ofce maintains a registrythat is nearly fnal proo o who owns a parcel o land.

Freehold — a right to own the land orever. Also reerredto as ee simple. Compare leasehold, which reers to a rightor the term o the lease.

Freehold Torrens Title — the most common

ownership system except in the A.C.T. Usually,this is just called Torrens Title because it isassumed the ownership is reehold unless specifed tobe leasehold.

Strata Torrens Title — relates primarily to home units, althoughsome other properties can be strata (e.g. villas, townhouses etc).

Community Title — individuals own lots or strata lots within acommunity scheme. Under a community scheme, a number o owners share some community

property (e.g. a tennis court, a community centre, roads and access ways).

Leasehold title — under this title, ownership ends at the end o the lease. Most leasehold titles areor 99 years. This is very common in A.C.T. but comparatively rare elsewhere.

Company Title — applies where property has not been converted to strata title. The owner ownsshares in a company and in turn the company owns the land. Each class o share entitles the ownerto occupy a particular unit.

Old Title (also known as Common Law Title) —

this consists o a series o title documents called a “chain o title”. Following a sale, Old Title willusually be converted to a qualifed Torrens Title. Action may later be taken to convert the title to aull Torrens Title.




Step 1 – Preparation o the Contract o SaleThe contract or sale is a very important legal document. Many disputes arise between vendors andpurchasers. Consequently, trained experts should prepare the document.

Under various laws, the contract must contain speciied documents, certiicates and disclosures.

Step 2 – Make an oer

When a potential purchaser decides they are interested in a property, they may make an oer to

purchase it. The vendor may accept this oer, or alternatively, the purchaser and vendor may enterinto negotiations over the price and conditions o the sale.

Step 3 – Paying a ‘holding deposit’

Purchasers may decide to pay an initial deposit as a sign o good aith o their interest in the property.The amount o such deposit can vary and will generally be stipulated by the vendor or agent. This willnot mean that a binding contract exists or that the property is removed rom the market. The paymentis simply to show the vendor that the purchaser is serious about their oer. Note that ‘holding deposits’

will generally be non-reundable.I the vendor later accepts an oer, the vendor and purchaser agree to exchange contracts. At thatpoint, the purchaser pays an agreed deposit amount. The deposit is usually 10% o the purchaseprice and is held by the real estate agent or the solicitor/conveyancer.

The purchaser should not exchange a contract or sale until they have reviewed the contract withtheir solicitor/conveyancer.

Note: gazumping is a common practice that can take two orms:

a) the intending purchaser believes the property has been secured by payment o an initialdeposit but when they are ready to exchange contracts, discover that another purchaser

has already exchanged contracts on the property; or

b) the vendor’s solicitor/conveyancer accepts two or more initial deposits and then tells theintending purchasers that the price has increased. The intending purchasers are then letto outbid each other as i it were an auction.

The purchaser should not exchange a

contract or sale until they have reviewed

the contract with their solicitor/conveyancer.

— Abcd Eghijkl




Step 4 – Buying at auction

It is important or the vendor to have a solicitor/conveyancer examine the sale contract beore theauction to make sure that everything is in order. It is also important that a potential purchaser hasinance arranged and that all necessary property inspections have been done.

Beore auctioning a property, the vendor will nominate a ‘reserve’ price that is not usually disclosedto potential purchasers. The reserve price is the lowest price the vendor is willing to accept.I the highest bid is below this price, the property will be ‘passed in’. The vendor will then eithertry and negotiate a price with interested purchasers or put the property back on the market.

I bidding continues beyond the reserve price, the property is sold at the all o the hammer.The successul purchaser must then sign the contract or sale and pay the deposit (usually 10%)immediately.

Step 5 – Exchange o contracts & paying a deposit

See ‘Who handles conveyancing?’ (page 5) or the dierent ways contracts are exchanged.

Step 6 – Risk

Responsibility or damage to the property remains with the vendor up until settlement or completiono the sale, but it is prudent or the purchaser to insure the property rom exchange o contracts.From settlement, when the property title is transerred to the purchaser, the purchaser is responsibleor damage. Purchasers may choose to insure the property beore settlement i they are unsure

whether the vendor has a current insurance policy.Note that many lenders require evidence o comprehensive building insurance being in place, withthe lender noted on the policy as an interested party, as a condition o settlement o the loan or theproperty purchase.


When a property is sold by auction,

a purchaser is bound to purchasethe property ater having made the

highest bid at the end o the auction.

— Abcd Eghijkl

I purchasing a unit under strata title, the purchaser

should obtain a Certifcate o Currency rom the

owners’ corporation’s insurer to make sure theproperty is adequately insured.

— Abcd Eghijkl



Step 7 – Cooling-o period

Ater exchange, the purchaser may have a time to “cool o”. I a cooling o period applies, thepurchaser can rescind the contract beore the end o the cooling o period. Cooling o does notapply to sales at auction.


State/Territory Cooling o provision – when can the purchaser rescind?

Queensland Five business days rom exchange, unless waived by the purchaser who has received “PAMDA Form 32a” rom a lawyer. The cooling o period will only commence i the vendor complies withPAMDA. On rescission, the purchaser oreits 0.25% o the purchase price.

N.S.W. Five business days rom exchange, unless waived by the purchaser who has received a “Section66W Certifcate” rom a solicitor or conveyancer. On rescission, the purchaser oreits 0.25% othe purchase price. The cooling o period does not apply automatically and requires the consento both vendor and purchaser or it to be applicable. Some vendors may reuse to exchangecontracts i a Section 66W Certifcate is not available.

A.C.T. Five business days rom exchange, unless waived by the purchaser who has received a “Section17 Certifcate” rom a solicitor or conveyancer. Does not apply i the purchaser is a company or ithe property is bought at auction. On rescission, the purchaser oreits 0.25% o the purchase price.The cooling o period does not apply automatically and requires the consent o both vendor andpurchaser or it to be applicable. Some vendors may reuse to exchange contracts i a Section 17Certifcate is npt available.

Victoria Three business days rom exchange. Does not apply to exchanges three business days beoreor ater a public auction, sale o industrial or commercial property, arms greater than 20 hectares,

where the vendor and purchaser have previously entered into a contract or the sale o the sameland with substantially the same terms, i the buyer is a real estate agent or a company, or ithe purchaser has sought and received independent legal advice beore signing the contract.On rescission, the purchaser oreits the greater o $100 or 0.2% o the purchase price. Any provision in the contract that attempts to waive the cooling o period is void and has no eect.

Tasmania No cooling o period applies.

South Australia Two business days, unless waived by the purchaser who has received a certifcate o independentadvice rom a solicitor or conveyancer. Only applies to residential land. Does not apply i thepurchaser is a company or i the property is bought at auction. The cooling o period doesnot commence until the later o the serving o the Form 1 Vendor’s Statement or exchange.

On rescission, the purchaser gets all the deposit back minus money paid by the purchaser inconsideration o an option to purchase the land i the deposit is less than $100.

Western Australia No cooling o period applies.

Northern Territory Four business days rom exchange. Applies only i the purchaser does not have a solicitor/ conveyancer involved in the negotiation o the contract.



Step 8 – Transer o property title

The purchaser’s solicitor/conveyancer must prepare atranser document, have the purchaser sign it, and payany stamp duty or the document’s registration. The purchaser’s

solicitor/conveyancer must then send the transer to the vendor’ssolicitor/conveyancer or the vendor to sign.

Note – stamp duty on transfer

The purchaser’s solicitor/conveyancer must arrange or the transerdocument to be stamped prior to settlement so the purchaser canlodge it or registration immediately ater settlement. This means thatthe purchaser must arrange to pay their solicitor/conveyancer thestamp duty amount prior to settlement, or arrange to pay the solicitor/ conveyancer at settlement (e.g. rom loan proceeds). It is not possibleto deer the payment o stamp duty on the transer.

Step 9 – Time or completion

The time or completion can be set by agreement betweenthe parties.

The time span or completion o “o the plan” purchases canbe quite lengthy. This is because the contract can be completedonly ater the development/building construction has completed and new titles are issued.

The standard times or completion are set out in the table below, but these periods can be changedby agreement between the vendor and the purchaser.

What is “time o the essence”?

A contract is said to be time o the essence i ailure to complete on a nominated date is a “breacho a undamental term”. I there is a breach o a undamental term, the other party can terminatethe contract, oreit and keep the deposit, and sue or damages. Example: A real estate contract

provides for completion “within 42 days of exchange, time of the essence”. If the purchaser does not

complete on or before that date, the vendor can terminate the contract, forfeit the deposit, and sue

for damages.

Only in Queensland are contracts normally time o the essence, although a contract can be speciiedto be time o the essence in any State or Territory.

Contracts that are not time o the essence requently contain a provision entitling the vendor togive the purchaser a notice (usually 14 days) making time o the essence or completion at theend o the 14 day period. Example: A real estate contract provides for completion within 42 days

of exchange, not time of the essence. If the purchaser does not complete on or before that date,

the vendor can issue a notice to complete to the purchaser making time of the essence for the end

of the notice period.




Standard times or completion

Step 10 – Requisitions

Ater exchange, the purchaser’s solicitor/conveyancer will usually send a list o ormal questions

about the property known as requisitions on title. Requisitions obtain rom the vendor inormationthat may not have been previously disclosed or discovered during inspection o the property (orexample, disputes with neighbours relating to ences).

The purchaser’s solicitor/conveyancer will reply to these requisitions.

The purchaser’s solicitor/conveyancer will oten make some additional searches and enquiries notmade beore exchange. These searches are to determine a variety o actors, including whetherthere are general deects in the title, the land is contaminated, or there has been construction onthe property. I any o these result unsatisactorily in a way not disclosed in the sale contract, thepurchaser may be able to rescind the contract, sue or damages, or seek a reduction o the saleprice.

Step 11 – Outgoing mortgagee

I the vendor has a mortgage over the property, the mortgagee must be contacted to provide a payout igure and attend at settlement to hand over a discharge o mortgage and, oten, the certiicateo title/title deed.


State/Territory Usual period or settlement – all subject to contract

Queensland 30 days time o the essence

N.S.W. 6 weeks

A.C.T. 30 days

Victoria 60 days

Tasmania 30 days

South Australia 30 days

Western Australia 4 to 6 weeks

Northern Territory 28 days



Step 12 – Adjustments

At settlement, “adjustments” will be made. Example: the council rates have been paid for the whole

year. The purchaser must pay an additional amount to the vendor for the proportion of the year

the purchaser will own the property. Usual adjustments are council rates, water rates, strata bodycorporate contributions, land tax and rent i the property is tenanted.

Step 13 – Settlement

The sale is said to settle or complete on the day the purchaser pays the balance of purchase money,

plus or minus adjustments, to the vendor.

On the date o settlement, it is important that a inal search o the title is obtained to ensure that theproperty is clear rom any interest or restrictions that may have been recorded between the date oexchange and settlement.

Usually the solicitors/conveyancers/mortgagees meet and hand over the title documents inexchange or payment.

Step 14 – Ater Settlement

The purchaser or the purchaser’s mortgagee will register the transer documents with the Land TitlesOice. Usually there will be a:

• discharge o any existing mortgage/s;

• withdrawal o any existing caveat/s; • transer o title rom the vendor to the purchaser;

• mortgage rom the purchaser to the new mortgagee.

The Land Titles Oices advise the relevant authorities (such as the local council, water authority and Valuer General’s oice) that the property has a new owner.

Note – i settlement does not occur

I settlement does not occur on the scheduled date, depending on the contract terms, interest ata rate speciied in the contract (oten higher than mortgage rates) will accrue rom the date speciiedor settlement to the ultimate settlement date, i the purchaser ails to settle on the due date.In addition to paying interest, the purchaser may be given a notice to complete, making time o theessence. Once the time o the essence date is reached, interest continues to accrue but the vendorcan rescind the contract and retain the deposit previously paid.




Key dierences between the States and Territories

Queensland

a) The Real Estate Institute o Queensland Contract or Houses and Residential Land standardcontracts used in Queensland are:

•

Real Estate Institute o Queensland Contract or Houses and Residential Land; and

• Real Estate Institute o Queensland Contract for Residential Lots in a Community

Title Scheme.

Both contracts must have a Warning Statement attached in accordance with the provisions o theProperty Agents and Motor Dealers Act 2000 (“PAMDA”).

b) I the vendor ails to comply with PAMDA, the purchaser may not be bound by the contractand may terminate the contract at any time.

New South Wales

a) The Contract for Sale of Land – 2005 Edition is the standard contract used in New SouthWales.

b) In N.S.W., the contract must be prepared and available or inspection by a purchaser beorethe property can be marketed or sale. The contracts are quite long and complex and a loto speciied inormation must be annexed to the contract, including a title search, sewerage

diagram and zoning certiicate, to name a ew.c) A prospective purchaser cannot bid at an auction o residential property in N.S.W. unless

they have given the selling agent their name, address and proo o identity. These details arerecorded in the Bidders Record and each registered bidder will be given a bidder’s number.

W est er n A ust r alia

Sout h A ust r alia

Nor t her n T er r it or y Queensland

New Sout h W ales

V ict or ia

T asmania




Victoria

a) In Victoria, two standard orms o contract may be used:

• Form 1 Contract Note, that contains details o the property, names o the purchaserandvendor, price, deposit, balance and special conditions; or

• Form 2 Contract or Sale o Real Estate, a more detailed and complex legal document.

b) In the pre-negotiation stage, the vendor must give a signed and dated vendor’s statement(commonly termed a Section 32 Notice) to the agent to show to potential purchasers.The vendor’s statement is usually prepared by the vendor or their solicitor/ conveyancerand contains some extensive inormation as required by law, including:

• rates, taxes and other charges;

• services available;

• building approvals rom the past seven years;

• any order or notice that aects the land;

• body corporate notices, liabilities and maintenance und payments;

• insurance details;

• statutory charges on the land;

• covenants, easements and other restrictions on the land;

• title and plan o subdivision inormation;

• a copy o the Certiicate o Title (or or land not under the Transer o Land Act, the lastconveyance in the chain o title to the land or any other document which gives evidenceo the vendor’s title to the land).

c) The purchaser can rescind i this inormation is not disclosed or is incorrect.

d) The purchaser has a right to inspect the property during the seven days beore settlementto ensure the vendor has moved out or is in the process o doing so, that all ixtures andchattels included in the contract o sale have not been damaged or removed and that thereis no substantial rubbish on the property.

e) At settlement, the vendor’s solicitor/conveyancer also hands over a Statement or GoodsTranserred with Residential Land or Land Use Entitlement, which is later lodged orstamping.

) Stamp duty on the transer o land is usually deducted at settlement and paid atersettlement to enable registration o the transer and mortgage documents.




Tasmania

a) The Contract for Sale of Real Estate is the standard contract used in Tasmania.

b) Ater contracts have been exchanged, the purchaser lodges a Priority Notice, whichreserves the purchaser’s priority to have the property transerred to them ater settlement,

or a maximum o 60 days. This prevents other parties lodging a caveat beore the purchaserbecomes the registered proprietor.

c) The purchaser’s solicitor/conveyancer must perorm all searches, including those related totitle, easements and covenants, municipal rates, local government, land tax and bankruptcy. Ater perorming its investigations, the purchaser’s solicitor/conveyancer should give writtennotice o the satisaction o any o the conditional clauses. Ater the vendor’s solicitor/ conveyancer receives this notice, the contract becomes unconditional. The purchasershould then obtain a cover note rom an insurance company immediately.

d) The purchaser’s solicitor/conveyancer usually gives the vendor a trust cheque or stampduty on the transer o land at settlement. The party who is lodging the registrationdocuments then attends to the transer being stamped, and orwards the registrationdocuments to the titles oiceor registration.

South Australia

a) Two standard orms o contract may be used.These have been developed by the:

• Real Estate Institute o South Australia • Law Society o South Australia.

b) Many purchasers do not engage a solicitoror conveyancer until ater the contract isnegotiated. As a result, there are norequisitions in South Australia.

c) Vendors must provide a Form 1 Vendor’sStatement (“Vendor’s Statement”) tothe purchaser at least 10 days beore

settlement. Where the property is to besold at auction, the Vendor’s Statementneeds to be available two businessdays beore the auction date.

d) The vendor’s statement is designedto protect the purchaser and mustinclude details o all mortgages, chargesand prescribed encumbrances aectingthe and subject to sale, along with anyprescribed matters.




Western Australia

a) The real estate agent prepares the:

• Contract or Sale o Land by Oer and Acceptance; and • Joint Form o General Conditions or the Sale o Land.

b) Ater the oer has been presented, the vendor can accept, reject or make a counter oer.Many counter oers are oten made and the contract is passed between the vendor andpurchaser many times.

c) Requisitions are not used in Western Australia i the land is Torrens Title and the standardcontract is used. This is common or most sales o land.

d) I settlement does not occur within three business days o the scheduled date, thepurchaser is liable to pay interest to the vendor.

e) The vendor or purchaser cannot terminate the contract until a Deault Notice has beenissued to the other party, who is given a minimum o 10 business days to remedythe deault.

) Conveyancers, who are associated with real estate agents, do most conveyancing.

Australian Capital Territory

a) The Contract for Sale of Land – 2005 Edition is the standard contract used in the AustralianCapital Territory.

b) The contract must be prepared and available or inspection by a purchaser beore the

property can be marketed or sale. The contracts are quite long and complex and a lot ospeciied inormation must be annexed to the contract, including a title search, seweragediagram and zoning certiicate, to name a ew.

c) As the A.C.T. operates under a Crown Lease system, a contract or the sale o land isactually a contract or the sale o a lease. As a result, the contract must also provide detailso compliance with the crown lease (including purpose and any restrictions on transer).

d) Requisitions are used in very rare circumstances.

e) The standard contract used in the A.C.T. provides or a period o seven days grace orsettlement to occur ater the scheduled date. I settlement does not occur in this period,

the purchaser may be liable to pay penalty interest on the balance o the purchase moneyat a rate speciied in the contract.

Northern Territory

The REINT Contract for Sale of Land (Real Estate Institute of the Northern Territory) is the standardcontract used in the Northern Territory.

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Conveyancing Process Explained 100818041255 Phpapp02 (1)

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