CONTENTS Volume 336 Issue 6081

page 543

www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 336 4 MAY 2012 513

COVER

A jumble of icebergs forms in front of the heavily crevassed

calving front of Jakobshavn Isbræ, one of the fastest outlet

glaciers draining the Greenland Ice Sheet. The ~5-kilometer-wide

ice front rises ~80 meters out of the water and extends more

than 600 meters underwater. Recent research shows that the

speeds of Greenland glaciers are increasing. See page 576.

Photo: Ian Joughin

DEPARTMENTS

517 This Week in Science

520 Editors’ Choice522 Science Staff615 New Products616 Science Careers

page 534

EDITORIAL

519 Empowering Science TeachersSheila Tobias and Anne Baffert

>> Science Podcast

NEWS OF THE WEEK

524 A roundup of the week’s top stories

NEWS & ANALYSIS

528 Budget Cap Could Gut Next Big Fermilab Project

529 One H5N1 Paper Finally Goes to Press; Second Greenlighted>> See all H5N1 coverage online at

http://scim.ag/_h5n1

530 New Light on Revolutions That Weren’t

533 First Spinoff of African Math Institute Takes Root in Senegal

NEWS FOCUS

534 Search for Pore-fectionGoing Solid-State

>> Science Podcast

538 American Association of Physical Anthropologists MeetingFor Early Hominins, Many Ways To Take a Walk

How the Modern Body Shaped Up

Older Dads Have Healthier Kids Than You Think

LETTERS

540 Food Price Complexities Require NuanceG. Kripke

ResponseJ. Swinnen and P. Squicciarini

A Step Backward for Italy’s MeritocracyI. R. Marino

541 CORRECTIONS AND CLARIFICATIONS

541 TECHNICAL COMMENT ABSTRACTS

BOOKS ET AL.

542 The Bioregional ImaginationT. Lynch et al., Eds., reviewed by C. Cokinos

543 The Republic of NatureM. Fiege, reviewed by J. R. McNeill

POLICY FORUM

544 Rethinking Research Ethics: The Case of Postmarketing TrialsA. J. London et al.

PERSPECTIVES

546 Superresolution Subspace SignalingW. J. Lederer et al.

>> Report p. 597

547 The Impact of Ionic Frustration on Electronic OrderL. Balents

>> Report p. 559

548 A Dynamic Twist in the TailJ. A. Slavin

>> Report p. 567

550 Regional Sea-Level ProjectionJ. K. WIllis and J. A. Church

551 Modeling Ice-Sheet FlowR. B. Alley and I. Joughin

552 Impacts of Biodiversity LossB. Cardinale

>> Report p. 589

BREVIA

554 Melanesian Blond Hair Is Caused by an Amino Acid Change in TYRP1E. E. Kenny et al.

Naturally blond hair in Solomon Islanders

maps to a missense mutation in a gene

associated with pigmentation.

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CONTENTS

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

555 Spin-Torque Switching with the Giant Spin Hall Effect of TantalumL. Liu et al.

Tantalum is found to generate strong spin currents that can induce switching of

ferromagnets effi ciently and reliably.

REPORTS

559 Spin-Orbital Short-Range Order on a Honeycomb-Based LatticeS. Nakatsuji et al.

Magnetic measurements indicate that a material remains disordered to millikelvin temperatures, thanks to its unusual lattice

structure.>> Perspective p. 547

563 Anisotropic Energy Gaps of Iron-Based Superconductivity from Intraband Quasiparticle Interference in LiFeAsM. P. Allan et al.

The energy needed to break up electron pairs in a pnictide superconductor depends on position on the Fermi surface.

567 Magnetic Reconnection in the Near Venusian MagnetotailT. L. Zhang et al.

Venus Express observations show that magnetic reconnection occurs in the magnetotail of an unmagnetized planet.>> Perspective p. 548

570 Ancient Impact and Aqueous Processes at Endeavour Crater, MarsS. W. Squyres et al.

Analysis of data from the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity provides evidence for past water fl ow near an ancient crater. >> Science Podcast

576 21st-Century Evolution of Greenland Outlet Glacier VelocitiesT. Moon et al.

A decade-long compilation of velocity data for Greenland’s outlet glaciers shows complex spatial and temporal variability.

579 Imaginal Discs Secrete Insulin-Like Peptide 8 to Mediate Plasticity of Growth and MaturationA. Garelli et al.

An insulin/relaxin-like peptide coordinates fi nal organ size in response to fl y injury and tumors.

582 Secreted Peptide Dilp8 Coordinates Drosophila Tissue Growth with Developmental TimingJ. Colombani et al.

In fruit fl ies, growing tissues send signals to the endocrine system to coordinate growth and metamorphosis.

585 Function, Developmental Genetics, and Fitness Consequences of a Sexually Antagonistic TraitA. Khila et al.

Sex-specifi c modifi cations of male water strider antennae that are important for mating require distal-less gene expression.

589 Impacts of Biodiversity Loss Escalate Through Time as Redundancy FadesP. B. Reich et al.

Long-term grassland experiments show that high-diversity species combinations become more functionally diverse with time.>> Perspective p. 552

593 Removal of Shelterin Reveals the Telomere End-Protection ProblemA. Sfeir and T. de Lange

“Naked” chromosome ends are mistakenly targeted by six different DNA repair–related systems in the cell.

597 Elementary Ca2+ Signals Through Endothelial TRPV4 Channels Regulate Vascular FunctionS. K. Sonkusare et al.

Imaging reveals single-channel openings of cation channels at the heart of endothelial cell–mediated blood pressure control.>> Perspective p. 546

601 Multidimensional Optimality of Microbial MetabolismR. Schuetz et al.

A key design principle of bacterial metabolic networks is optimal performance, but not at the expense of adaptability.

604 Radio-Wave Heating of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Can Regulate Plasma Glucose in MiceS. A. Stanley et al.

Gene expression in mice can be activated remotely and noninvasively by radio-wave

heating of nanoparticles.

>> Science Podcast

608 Substrate-Controlled Succession of Marine Bacterioplankton Populations Induced by a Phytoplankton BloomH. Teeling et al.

Seasonal diatom growth in the North Sea results in a temporal succession of metabolically specialized bacteria.

612 Don’t Look Back in Anger! Responsiveness to Missed Chances in Successful and Nonsuccessful AgingS. Brassen et al.

Emotionally healthy older adults show a reduced responsiveness to regret when performing a sequential decision task.

CONTENTS continued >>

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SCIENCEXPRESS

www.sciencexpress.org

Interglacial Hydroclimate in the Tropical West Pacifi c Through the Late PleistoceneA. N. Meckler et al.

Precipitation in Borneo, largely invariant during the last four interglacial periods, decreased during glacial terminations.

10.1126/science.1218340

B Cell Receptor Signal Transduction in the GC Is Short-Circuited by High Phosphatase ActivityA. M. Khalil et al.

Restricted B cell signaling in the areas responsible for immune memory cell production promotes affi nity maturation.

10.1126/science.1213368

Awake Hippocampal Sharp-Wave Ripples Support Spatial MemoryS. P. Jadhav et al.

The neuronal “replay” of past experience may allow animals to retrieve specifi c memories and use them to guide behavior.

10.1126/science.1217230

MORC Family ATPases Required for Heterochromatin Condensation and Gene SilencingG. Moissiard et al.

A conserved family of adenosine triphosphatases predicted to catalyze alterations in chromosome superstructure is required for gene silencing.

10.1126/science.1221472

TECHNICALCOMMENTS

Comment on “Global Resilience of Tropical Forest and Savanna to Critical Transitions”Z. Ratajczak and J. B. Nippert

Full text at www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/336/6081/541-c

Response to Comment on “Global Resilience of Tropical Forest and Savanna to Critical Transitions”E. H. Van Nes et al.

Full text at www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/336/6081/541-d

SCIENCENOW

www.sciencenow.org

Highlights From Our Daily News Coverage

Natural Selection Is Still With UsChurch records confi rm that 18th and 19th century people still followed Darwin’s rules.http://scim.ag/Natural-Selection

Effective Ad? Ask Your BrainNeural activity predicts which antismoking ad will elicit the greatest public response.http://scim.ag/Neural_Activity

Mapping China’s Ancient Name GameGeographic patterns of the country’s surnames match historic migrations.http://scim.ag/Geographic_Patterns

SCIENCEONLINE

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SCIENCESIGNALING

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The Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment

1 May issue: http://scim.ag/ss050112

RESEARCH ARTICLE: TACE Activation by MAPK-Mediated Regulation of Cell Surface Dimerization and TIMP3 AssociationP. Xu et al.

A metalloproteinase implicated in infl ammation and cancer is inactive as a dimer and active as a monomer.

RESEARCH ARTICLE: Genomic Survey of Premetazoans Shows Deep Conservation of Cytoplasmic Tyrosine Kinases and Multiple Radiations of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases H. Suga et al.

PODCASTH. Suga and A. M. VanHook

A genomic survey suggests that cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases diversifi ed before the establishment of multicellular organisms.

PERSPECTIVE: Phosphoinositides as Regulators of Protein-Chromatin InteractionsK. Viiri et al.

Phosphoinositides can promote or reduce the binding of proteins with roles in transcription to chromatin.

SCIENCETRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE

www.sciencetranslationalmedicine.org

Integrating Medicine and Science

2 May issue: http://scim.ag/stm050212

RESEARCH ARTICLE: Temporal Dynamics of the Human Vaginal MicrobiotaP. Gajer et al.

FOCUS: Complexities of the Uniquely Human VaginaS. S. Witkin and W. J. Ledger

The vaginal microbiome is dynamic, varying over time in composition and function with implications for women’s health.

RESEARCH ARTICLE: Decade-Long Safety and Function of Retroviral-Modifi ed Chimeric Antigen Receptor T CellsJ. Scholler et al.

Adoptively transferred chimeric antigen receptor T cells have stable stem cell–like persistence for at least a decade and more than 500 years of patient safety.

RESEARCH ARTICLE: Vascular COX-2 Modulates Blood Pressure and Thrombosis in MiceY. Yu et al.

Deletion of vascular COX-2 predisposes mice to thrombosis and hypertension.

RESEARCH ARTICLE: Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Matrices for Enhanced OsteoregenerationS. Zeitouni et al.

Stem cell–generated matrices provide optimal environment for bone regeneration in mice.

COMMENTARY: Learning from Hackers—Open-Source Clinical Trials A. G. Dunn et al.

The open-source software movement can serve as a model for a similar initiative in the clinical trial community.

SCIENCECAREERS

www.sciencecareers.org/career_magazine

Free Career Resources for Scientists

Taken for Granted: Two Reports and the Worlds They MadeB. L. Benderly

Why do clinical medicine and academic science—both expert labor markets—offer such different career outlooks?http://scim.ag/TFG_Flexner

Translational VolcanologyR. Berkowitz

Volcanologists have a range of opportunities to help predict eruptions and limit damage to people and places.http://scim.ag/TransVolcanology

Volcanologists for Public SafetyR. Berkowitz

Three volcanologists tell Science Careers how their work enhances public health and safety for communities at risk from volcanoes.http://scim.ag/SafetyVolcanologists

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On the 4 May Science Podcast: remotely controlled gene expression, evidence for water on ancient Mars, nanopore sequencing advances, and more.

SCIENCEINSIDER

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Science Policy News and Analysis

CONTENTS

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