CONTENTS – PMP 4 - VOWA Verlagvowa.net/WebRoot/Store12/Shops/958b824c-902d-489a... · CONTENTS...

CONTENTS – PMP 4

1. Revision: Comparison ..……………………………….. 1

2. Revision: some, any .………………………………...… 8

3. Revision: Passive voice …………………………..…… 15

4. Revision: Adverbs of manner, adverbs of degree .. 27

5. Phrasal verbs …………………………..…………….… 35

6. Modal verbs used with the perfect infinitive .………... 43

7. Revision: Future ………………….………………….….. 50

8. Revision: Past perfect .……………………………….... 56

9. Revision: Reported statements .……………………... 63

10. Reported questions ..………………………………..… 75

11. Reported imperatives …………………………..…..…. 85

12. Reported speech – mixed sentences .……………….. 95

13. Infinitive constructions with and without to .……... 105

14. Infinitive – shortening of sentences .……………….. 111

15. Verb + object + infinitive (AcI) ……………………….. 117

16. The passive infinitive used with auxiliary verbs .... 121

17. The perfect infinitive used with auxiliary verbs ...... 124

18. Gerund .……………..…………………………………… 129

19. Gerund or Infinitive? ................................................. 139

20. Gerund – shortening of sentences ……….………… 148

21. If-sentences: Type I, II and III ..……...…………….…. 154

22. Contact clauses .....…………………………..………… 164

23. Participle clauses ...………………………....………… 169

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in der Leseprobe nicht verfügbar.

Das Vervielfältigen der Leseprobe ist laut Österr. Urheberrechtsgesetz strafbar. © VOWA Verlag – PMP4 105

Infinitive constructions Nennform Konstruktionen

Der Infinitiv mit „to“ steht: ● nach Verben wie zB *(auch mit –ing Form!)

afford agree arrange decide expect forget* happen hesitate hope learn

sich etwas leisten zustimmen verabreden sich entschließen erwarten vergessen zufällig tun zögern hoffen lernen

like* manage offer plan prefer* pretend promise refuse seem want

mögen etwas schaffen, gelingen anbieten planen vorziehen vortäuschen versprechen sich weigern, ablehnen

scheinen als ob wollen

We can’t afford to buy such an expensive car. They agreed to work overtime. I decided not to tell him anything. (Verneinter Infinitiv) I don’t expect to be invited. (Passiver Infinitiv) They forgot to call me. We hope to get a message from her. She learned to live on very little money. Joe managed to talk to the president. We offered to keep his dog. They pretended to have forgotten. (Infinitiv der Vergangenheit)

● nach Adjektiven (wie im Deutschen)

It is useless to ask her these questions. This text is difficult to understand. Are you ready to go? It’s too cold to go swimming. Your house was not easy to find. He isn’t tall enough to touch the box. Losing a child is the worst thing to happen. (... ist das Schlimmste, was einem passieren kann.)

(ebenso nach the best, the first, the last, the only)

● nach Fragewörtern (um Fragesätze zu verkürzen)

He didn’t know what to say. (= what he should say) She told me exactly where to go. (= where I should go) We had no idea how to solve the problem. (= how we should solve the problem)



Verb + Objekt + Infinitiv mit „to“ (AcI):

● nach Verben wie zB Übersetzt wird mit Nennformgruppe, dass- oder wenn-Satz!

advise allow ask expect forbid force get hate invite love

raten erlauben ersuchen erwarten verbieten zwingen veranlassen, dazu bringen

hassen einladen lieben

order persuade show how suppose teach tell want warn (would) like

befehlen überreden zeigen wie vermuten lehren anordnen wünschen warnen mögen

The doctor advised me to go on a diet. Der Arzt riet mir, auf Diät zu gehen. (Nennformgruppe)

Mum didn’t allow us to stay up late. Mama erlaubte uns nicht, lange aufzubleiben. (Nennformgruppe)

We asked her to explain that again. Wir ersuchten sie, das noch einmal zu erklären. (Nennformgruppe)

The teacher warned him not to cheat. Der Lehrer warnte ihn, nicht zu schwindeln. (negativer Infinitiv)

I expect you to learn more. Ich erwarte, dass du mehr lernst!

We love her to talk about Scotland. Wir lieben es, wenn sie von Schottland erzählt.

We’d like them to join us. Wir hätten gerne, dass sie sich uns anschließen.

Note the difference! Do you want to help her? Willst du ihr helfen?

Do you want me to help her? Willst du, dass ich ihr helfe?

I want to help him. Ich will ihm helfen.

I want you to help him! Ich will, dass du ihm hilfst!

We want to visit her. Wir wollen sie besuchen. We want him to visit her. Wir wollen, dass er sie besucht.

Do you want to come in? Willst du herein kommen?

Do you want her to come in? Willst du, dass sie herein kommt?

I don’t want to see them again. Ich möchte sie nicht wieder sehen.

I don’t want you (Tim and Tom) to see them again. Ich möchte nicht, dass ihr sie wieder seht.

Do you want to show me the film? Willst du mir den Film zeigen? Do you want them to show you the film? Willst du, dass sie dir den Film zeigen?

Die Objekt-Pronomen muss ich wiederholen!

dass ich �� me dass du �� you dass er �� him dass sie �� her dass es �� it dass wir �� us dass ihr �� you dass sie �� them



Der Infinitiv ohne „to“ steht nach:

● modal verbs: You must help me.

● let – make – have (in der Bedeutung von „lassen“ bzw. „veranlassen“): Don’t let me wait! I’ll make you learn!

● had better (not) sollte lieber (nicht) – had / would rather (not) würde lieber (nicht): You had better keep your mouth shut! I’d rather not tell him the truth!

● see*, hear*, watch*, notice* (bemerken), observe* (beobachten), feel * *diese Verben können auch mit dem Partizip in Verbindung stehen! (siehe p.169) Did they see him come? Nobody heard me go!

● dem 2. Infinitiv nach and, or, but, except

● nach why not:

Why not tell him the truth right now?

I’d rather have a break now, but I had better study these rules again! Why not do it right now?


Infinitive with or without “to”

Insert “to” where necessary before the infinitives!

Basic level:

1. I helped the old lady �� carry her bag.

2. May I …..… use your mobile phone?

3. Do you want …….. see the house where Mozart was born?

4. You can ……..��speak English quite well!

5. I’d like …….. go now!

6. We always hear them ……… come home late.

7. Could you ………. tell us the time?

8. I didn’t see him ………. enter the house.

9. Please, let me ……… go home now!

10. Sorry, I forgot ………. tell you that Sam was ill.

11. We promised our parents not ……. spend all our money on comics.

12. Don’t forget ……… call him before eight!

13. Where would you like ……… go?

14. You can …... leave your bag with us if you don’t want ….… carry it.

15. They planned ……… spend the weekend at the seaside.

16. We’d like him ……… study medicine.

17. It’s not easy …….. write everything correctly.

18. We are sorry ……… keep you waiting.

19. Mr Brown offered ……… take us home in his car.

20. Visitors are asked not ……… feed the animals.

21. Do you know how ……… use this machine?

22. We felt the earth ……. shake under our feet.

23. He seemed ……. be quite happy when we left.

24. Don’t forget ……… feed the dog while I’m away!

25. This box is too heavy for you …….. carry. Let me ……. help you!

26. Bye, bye! We are going …….. leave!

Solutions: 2. use 3. to see 4. speak 5. to go 6. come 7. tell 8. enter 9. go 10. to tell 11. to spend 12. to call 13. to go 14. leave – to carry 15. to spend 16. to study 17. to write 18. to keep 19. to take 20. to feed 21. to use 22. shake 23. to be 24. to feed 25. to carry – help 26. to leave (future)


Infinitive with or without “to” Insert “to” where necessary before the infinitives!

Intermediate level:

27. She made us ……… do it again.

28. He will be able …….. walk soon.

29. You needn’t ……… say anything.

30. I’m afraid they won’t let me ………. invite all my friends.

31. I wouldn’t let my daughter ……… put on my dresses!

32. We refused ……… do what he wanted.

33. They expected me ……….. arrive the next day.

34. They couldn’t ……… remember our address.

35. You should learn …….. behave yourself!

36. I’d like her ……… study law but she doesn’t want ………!

37. I’d prefer ……… visit a museum.

38. We are sorry …… disappoint you but we won’t let you ….. come in!

39. I hope I’ll be able ………. do it myself when I am older.

40. It’s easy ………. be wise afterwards.

41. If you don’t remember his address, you’d better ………. call him!

42. It’s better ……. be safe than sorry!

43. You needn’t …….. ask for permission all the time!

44. Hamlet: “……… be or not …….. be that’s the question!”

45. Would you like me …….. drive you home? – No, I prefer ……. walk!

46. You are always the last ……….. finish your test!

47. They had better ………. take off their shoes outside.

48. He pretended …... be ill because he didn’t want …... be examined.

49. We advised her …….. ask the bus conductor ……. tell her where …… get off.

50. The bank robber made the cashier ……… hand him all the money.

51. Do you know how ……… open this safe?

Solutions: 27. do 28. to walk 29. say 30. invite 31. put 32. to do 33. to arrive 34. remember 35. to behave 36. to study – to! 37. to visit 38. to disappoint – come 39. to do 40. to be 41. call 42. to be 43. ask 44. to be – to be 45. to drive – to walk 46. to finish 47. take 48. to be – to be 49. to ask – to tell – to get 50. hand 51. to open


Infinitive with or without “to” Insert “to” where necessary before the infinitives!

High level:

52. We happened …….. meet at the opera!

53. We made her …..…. repeat the song several times.

54. They used ……… live in the country in a small cottage.

55. If you want ……… get there in time you should ………. hurry up!

56. How dare you ………. read my diary!

57. They ought …… go now!

58. She was not sure whether …….. buy the coat or …….. leave it.

59. We persuaded them ……… stay for one more week.

60. We don’t dare ……... tell them the whole truth.

61. When I was young I used ……. smoke a packet of cigarettes a day!

62. Could you help me ……… move that heavy locker?

63. You needn’t ……… say good-bye now.

64. Please let me ……….. know your decision as soon as possible.

65. Need I ……. come? I’d rather …….. stay at home and …… relax.

66. You had better ………… wash your hands!

67. He is said ……… be the best surgeon in this area. (Chirurg)

68. Do you dare ……….. show your parents this test?

69. You needn’t …….. apologize all the time!

70. How dare you ……… open my letters!

71. It’s up to you …….. decide whether …… stay at home or …. go out.

72. Macy was the only person …….. survive the air-crash.

73. He’d sooner …… die than ….. give the secret away! (das Geheimnis verraten)

74. Charles Lindbergh was the first …….. fly across the Atlantic Ocean.

Solutions: 52. We happened to meet (Wir trafen uns zufällig) 53. repeat 54. used to live (= lebten früher einmal) 55. to get – hurry 56. How dare you read …! = How do you dare to read …! (zwei Möglichkeiten bei Frage und

Verneinung von need und dare!) 57. to go 58. to buy or leave (Der zweite Infinitiv nach and, or, but, except wird ohne

to verwendet! – p. 107!) 59. to stay 60. We don’t dare to tell = We dare not tell them …! 61. used to smoke (= pflegte zu rauchen, rauchte früher einmal) 62. (to) move 63. You needn’t say = You don’t need to say …! (zwei Möglichkeiten bei Frage und Verneinung von need und dare!) 64. know 65. come? – stay – relax 66. wash 67. He is said to be (Man sagt, er sei) 68. Do you dare to show = Dare you show (zwei Möglichkeiten

bei Frage und Verneinung von need und dare!) 69. apologize 70. open 71. to decide – to stay – go (2. Infinitiv –

p.107!) 72. to survive 73. He’d sooner die (Er würde eher sterben als...) – give 74. to fly


Infinitive: shortening of sentences

Use an infinitive construction to shorten the sentences.

Basic level:

1. The man who sent you the flowers is a friend of mine. The man �� you the flowers is a friend of mine.

2. Mary is not the one who you should ask for money.

……………………………………………………………………………..

3. The Wright brothers were the first that constructed an aeroplane.

……………………………………………………………………………..

4. Fred was the last person that arrived.

……………………………………………………………………………..

5. Were you the only one that survived that air-crash?

……………………………………………………………………………..

6. Is there anybody that can help me with my English homework?

……………………………………………………………………………..

7. We need a coin that I can put into the trolley. (Einkaufswagen)

……………………………………………………………………………..

8. There are still a lot of homework books that I must correct.

……………………………………………………………………………..

9. I haven’t got a suitable dress that I could wear at the theatre.

……………………………………………………………………………..

10. Have you got a hammer with which I can hang up that picture?

……………………………………………………………………… with?

11. We were very happy when we left.

……………………………………………………………………………..

Solutions: 2. Mary isn’t the one to ask for money. 3. The Wright brothers were the first to construct an aeroplane. 4. Fred was the last (person) to arrive. 5. Were you the only one to survive the air-crash? 6. Is there anybody to help me with my English homework? 7. We need a coin to put into the trolley. 8. There are still a lot of homework books to correct. 9. I haven’t got a suitable dress to wear at the theatre. 10. Have you got a hammer to hang the picture up with? 11. We were very happy to leave.


Infinitive: shortening of sentences Rewrite the sentences using an infinitive construction!

Intermediate level:

12. He’s very sorry that he must leave you alone.

……………………………………………………………………………..

13. Do you know where we should put our shoes?

……………………………………………………………………………..

14. I don’t know how I could help you.

……………………………………………………………………………..

15. Mum can tell you how you can get to Mr Brown’s house.

……………………………………………………………………………..

16. Sally wondered what she should start with.

……………………………………………………………………………..

17. Fred has not decided yet where he is going to stay.

……………………………………………………………………………..

18. I don’t know what I shall say when he asks me.

……………………………………………………………………………..

19. Do you know how long you shall work on this?

……………………………………………………………………………..

20. The teachers explained us how we should study the vocabulary.

……………………………………………………………………………..

21. Is there anybody that could show me how this machine works?

……………………………………………………………………………..

22. Mr Gordon was the last person that paid his bill.

……………………………………………………………………………..

Solutions: 12. He’s very sorry to leave you alone. 13. Do you know where to put our shoes? 14. I don’t know how to help you. 15. Mum can tell you how to get to Mr Brown’s house. 16. Sally wondered what to start with. 17. Fred hasn’t decided yet where to stay. 18. I don’t know what to say when he asks me. 19. Do you know how long to work on this? 20. The teachers explained us how to study the vocabulary. 21. Is there anybody to show me how this machine works? 22. Mr Gordon was the last person to pay his bill.



High level:

23. My brother was the next person that got the flu.

……………………………………………………………………………..

24. They would be happy if they could have you with them.

……………………………………………………………………………..

25. We wanted to know how we could get to the station.

……………………………………………………………………………..

26. He asked when he should be there.

……………………………………………………………………………..

27. She is the only person that I can trust.

……………………………………………………………………………..

28. You are the only one that we tell everything.

……………………………………………………………………………..

29. The most important question is how much we must pay.

……………………………………………………………………………..

30. It is so late that we can’t call the Simpsons now.

……………………………………………………………………………..

31. Dad was so weak that he couldn’t get up at all.

……………………………………………………………………………..

32. I have no idea what I shall buy for Mum’s birthday.

……………………………………………………………………………..

33. I’m sorry that I’ve kept you waiting.

……………………………………………………………………………..

Solutions: 23. My brother was the next person to get the flu. 24. They would be happy to have you with them. 25. We wanted to know how to get to the station. 26. He asked when to be there. 27. She is the only person (for me) to trust. (Bei zwei verschiedenen Subjekten ist die Hervorhebung des zweiten mit for möglich) 28. You are the only one (for us) to tell everything. 29. The most important question (for us) is how much to pay. 30. It’s too late to call the Simpsons now. 31. Dad was too weak to get up. 32. I have no idea what to buy for Mum’s birthday. 33. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. (Infinitive perfect)



High level: 34. It is impossible that you disturb him now.

……………………………………………………………………………..

35. This box is so heavy that you can’t carry it alone.

……………………………………………………………………………..

36. They told me that I should leave the keys under the door mat.

……………………………………………………………………………..

Note: The original sentences would not be used!

37. It is certain that she will arrive tomorrow. ��

38. It is sure that they won’t come before seven.

……………………………………………………………………………..

39. It is certain that he will win the race.

……………………………………………………………………………..

40. It isn’t certain that she will be able to come.

……………………………………………………………………………..

41. It isn’t certain that we will buy a new car.

……………………………………………………………………………..

42. Is it quite certain that you will pass the examination?

……………………………………………………………………………..

43. Isn’t it sure that you will manage that?

……………………………………………………………………………..

Solutions:

34. It’s impossible (for you) to disturb him now. 35. This box is too heavy (for you) to carry it alone. 36. They told me to leave the keys under the door mat. 37. (Two different subjects are changed to one!) 38. They are sure not to come before seven. 39. He is certain to win the race. 40. She isn’t certain to be able to come. 41. We aren’t certain to buy a new car. 42. Are you certain to pass the examination? 43. Aren’t you sure to manage that?



Note: The original sentences would not be used! High level: 44. They say that he is an excellent politician.

�� (Er soll ….. sein.)

45. They say that she is very intelligent.

……………………………………………………………………………..

46. They suppose that I will start work at eight.

……………………………………………………………………………..

47. He ordered that we should get the guest rooms ready.

……………………………………………………………………………..

48. They request that you don’t smoke in the living room.

……………………………………………………………………………..

49. They supposed that she was dead.

……………………………………………………………………………..

50. They consider that he will be the next president. (halten für, ansehen für)

……………………………………………………………………………..

51. They considered that I was a fool.

……………………………………………………………………………..

52. They consider that we are very rich.

……………………………………………………………………………..

53. They proved that he was a spy. (beweisen, nachweisen)

……………………………………………………………………………..

Solutions:

44. (Two different subjects are changed to one! – Passiv-Konstruktion!) 45. She is said to be very intelligent. (Sie soll, man sagt von ihr) 46. I am supposed to start work at eight. (ich soll, man erwartet von mir) 47. We were ordered to get the guest rooms ready. 48. You are requested not to smoke in the living room. 49. She was supposed to be dead. 50. He is considered to be the next president. 51. I was considered to be a fool. (Ich wurde für einen Narren gehalten) 52. We are considered to be very rich. 53. He was proved to be a spy. (Ihm wurde nachgewiesen…)



Note: The original sentences would not be used!

High level: 54. It is not allowed that we leave the school during the break.

……………………………………………………………………………..

55. Everybody believed that they had perished in the desert. (umkommen)

……………………………………………………………………………..

56. Everybody knows that she is a good basketball player.

……………………………………………………………………………..

57. They expect that you don’t play loud music after ten o’clock.

……………………………………………………………………………..

58. The boss told the secretary that she should reserve a single room.

……………………………………………………………………………..

59. It is not allowed that servants use the front door.

……………………………………………………………………………..

60. Everybody knows that I am an early riser. (Frühaufsteher)

……………………………………………………………………………..

Solutions: 54. We are not allowed to leave the school during the break. 55. They were believed to have perished in the desert. (Infinitive perfect) 56. She is known to be a good basketball player. 57. You are expected not to play loud music after ten o’clock. 58. The secretary was told to reserve a single room. 59. Servants are not allowed to use the front door. 60. I am known to be an early riser.

� ... and I am known to be a person who is slow in the uptake. (Spätzünder)


Verb + Object + Infinitive with “to”

Find the corresponding parts! Underline the object!

Basic level:

1. Ich möchte, dass du mir hilfst. We expect you to be polite.

2. Er möchte, dass sie ihm hilft. We want you to study now.

3. Wir möchten, dass du jetzt lernst. I don’t like him to tease me.

4. Ich mag nicht, wenn du zu spät kommst. I asked him not to interrupt me.

5. Sie mögen nicht, wenn wir schwätzen. He tells us to practice more.

6. Sie befiehlt uns, unsere Schuhe zu putzen. 1. I want you to help me.

7. Er hasst es, wenn ich ihn alleine lasse. Do you want me to help you?

8. Möchtest du, dass ich jetzt gehe? I reminded her to water the flowers.

9. Wir erwarten, dass du höflich bist. He forced me to work for him.

10. Er warnte uns, hier nicht zu parken. They expect us to come punctually.

11. Ich bat ihn, mich nicht zu unterbrechen. He didn’t allow us to go to the cinema.

12. Ich erinnerte sie, die Blumen zu gießen. They forbade us to watch the film.

13. Bitte erinnert uns, die Fotos mitzubringen. I don’t like you to be late.

14. Wir glauben, dass er sehr krank ist. She allowed him to take her car.

15. Er sagt, dass wir mehr üben sollen. She orders us to clean our shoes.

16. Sie erwarten, dass wir pünktlich kommen. He wants her to help him.

17. Ich erwarte, dass du dich entschuldigst. She wants you to visit her more often.

18. Sie verboten uns, den Film anzusehen. We want you to be honest.

19. Er zwang mich, für ihn zu arbeiten. He ordered us to open our suitcases.

20. Sie erlaubte ihm, ihr Auto zu nehmen. He hates me to leave him alone.

21. Er erlaubte uns nicht, ins Kino zu gehen. They don’t like us to chat.

22. Ich mag es nicht, wenn er mich hänselt. We believe him to be very ill.

23. Wir wollen, dass ihr ehrlich seid. I expect you to apologize.

24. Willst du, dass ich dir helfe? Do you want me to go now?

25. Er befahl uns, unsere Koffer zu öffnen. He warned us not to park here.

26. Sie möchte, dass du sie öfter besuchst. Please, remind us to take the photos

with us.

Solutions:

9. – 3. – 22. – 11. – 15. – 1. – 24. – 12. – 19. – 16. – 21. – 18. – 4. – 20. – 6. – 2. – 26. – 23. – 25. – 7. – 5. – 14. – 17. – 8. – 10. – 13.


Verb + object + infinitive with or without “to”

Repeat the rules in the grammar box, underline the verbs and then decide whether to use the infinitive with or without “to”!

Intermediate level: 27. Our teacher expects us �� keep all the rules in mind. 28. I advise you ………… buy this car. It’s a special offer!

29. We didn’t hear him ……….. knock at the door.

30. They don’t do everything their teacher tells them ………. do.

31. We asked them ……….. come again the next day.

32. Sally watched Frank ……….. take money from her purse.

33. Just you wait! I’ll make you ………. study!

34. Our teachers forbid us ……….. use dictionaries during tests.

35. She advised him not ………. drive home in that stormy weather.

36. The teacher observed some of his pupils ………… cheat.

37. Why do you always want me ………… go out with Susan?

38. Linda, let me ……….. use your bike, please!

39. Everybody expects me ………….. lose weight.

40. Stop it! I can’t hear you ……… slurp your soup any more!

41. The teacher ordered us …………. listen carefully.

42. What made her ………. think that he wasn’t telling the truth?

43. Mrs Brown forced her son ……… study the vocabulary every day.

44. Dad told little Billy not ………….. shout all the time.

45. The teacher reminded me not …………. forget the signature again!

46. I felt his hand ……… tremble with fear. (zittern)

47. Mum expects me …………. be the best in class.

48. Shall I show you how ………… solve that problem?

49. They warned us not ……….. take photos in the museum.

50. We advise you ……….. see a doctor immediately.

51. I’d like you …………. take me home at once!

Solutions: 28. to buy 29. knock 30. to do 31. to come 32. take 33. study 34. to use 35. to drive 36. cheat 37. to go 38. use 39. to lose 40. slurp 41. to listen 42. think 43. to study 44. to shout 45. to forget 46. tremble 47. to be 48. to solve 49. to take 50. to see 51. to take


Verb + object + infinitive with “to” Translate the following sentences using the infinitive with “to”!

Intermediate level:

52. Meine Schwester möchte, dass ich ihr Zimmer verlasse.

53. Unser Englisch Lehrer möchte, dass wir Englische Bücher lesen.

54. Ich möchte, dass ihr bis morgen einen Bericht schreibt.

55. Er wollte nicht, dass wir ihn alleine lassen.

56. Ihre Lehrerin will, dass sie während der Stunden absolut still sind.

57. Ann hätte gern, dass du etwas netter zu ihr bist.

58. Mein Freund wollte, dass ich mit ihm zum Fußballplatz gehe.

59. Der Bibliothekar erwartete, dass ich das Buch sofort zurückbringe.

60. Papa befahl mir, bis spätestens 10 Uhr zurück zu sein.

61. Mama sagte, dass ich das Geschirr waschen muss.

62. Mein Bruder sagte, dass ich den Mülleimer ausleeren soll.

63. Ich hätte gerne, dass er mir seine Telefonnummer gibt.

64. Die Polizei befahl uns, stehen zu bleiben.

65. Mein Chef erwartete, dass ich um 7 Uhr da bin.

66. Sie sagte mir, ich solle im Wartezimmer bleiben.

67. Möchtest du, dass ich dir den Weg zeige?

68. Meine Eltern möchten nicht, dass ich Alkohol trinke.

69. Bitte erinnere mich, ihn später anzurufen.

70. Ich erwarte nicht, dass er die Wahrheit sagt.

71. Wir erwarten, dass ihr euer Bestes gebt.

72. Mama erinnerte uns daran, unsere Aufgaben jetzt zu machen.

73. Mrs Gordon teilte ihnen mit, dass sie bar bezahlen müssen.

Solutions: 52. My sister wants me to leave her room. 53. Our English teacher wants us to read English books. 54. I want you to write a report by tomorrow. 55. He didn’t want us to leave him alone. 56. Their teacher wants them to be absolutely quiet during the lessons. 57. Ann would like you to be a bit nicer to her. 58. My friend wanted me to go to the football ground with him. 59. The librarian expected me to return the book immediately. 60. Dad ordered me to be back by ten. 61. Mum told me to wash the dishes. 62. My brother told me to empty the dust bin. 63. I’d like him to give me his telephone number. 64. The police ordered us to stop. 65. My boss expected me to be there at seven o’clock. 66. She told me to stay in the waiting room. 67. Do you want me to show you the way? 68. My parents don’t want me to drink alcohol. 69. Please, remind me to call him later. 70. I don’t expect him to tell the truth. 71. We expect you to do your best. 72. Mum reminded us to do our homework now. 73. Mrs Gordon told them to pay cash.


Verb + object + infinitive with or without “to” Translate the following sentences using the infinitive with or without “to”!

High level:

74. Sie überredete ihre Freundin, es ihren Eltern nicht zu sagen.

75. Ihre Eltern können sie nicht zwingen, jemanden zu heiraten, den sie nicht heiraten will.

76. Wir werden die Politiker veranlassen, mehr für unsere Umwelt zu tun.

77. Ich hielt sie immer für eine gute Freundin. (consider)

78. Wir glaubten immer, dass er unschuldig ist. (innocent)

79. Ich erwarte, dass ihr eure Pflicht tun werdet. (duty)

80. Unser Englischlehrer lässt uns jeden Tag Vokabeln lernen.

81. Mein Deutschlehrer ließ mich die Aufgabe noch einmal schreiben.

82. Ich werde sie dazu bringen, ihre Hausübung sorgfältig zu machen.

83. Bringt ihn dazu, dem Tennisclub beizutreten! (join)

84. Wir können es nicht leiden, wenn er gelangweilt aussieht.

85. Ich möchte, dass ihr euch hier wohl fühlt.

86. Wir erwarten nicht, dass Sie uns bei der Hausübung helfen, aber wir hätten es gern, wenn Sie mit uns Englisch sprächen.

87. Ich fühlte, dass jemand mich die ganze Zeit beobachtete.

88. Lass ihn mit uns Schifahren gehen!

89. Glaubst du, dass er Schauspieler ist?

90. Der Polizist ließ jedes Auto anhalten.

91. Wir hätten nie erwartet, dass sie die Prüfung bestehen würde.

92. Bitte, lassen Sie es mich wissen, wenn Sie nach England fahren!

93. Du musst versprechen, dass du das nicht wieder machst.

Solutions: 74. She persuaded her girlfriend not to tell her parents. 75. Her parents can’t force her to marry somebody she doesn’t want to marry. 76. We’ll make the politicians do more for our environment. 77. I always considered her to be a good friend. 78. We always believed him to be innocent. 79. I expect you to do your duty. 80. Our English teacher makes us study vocabulary every day. 81. My German teacher made me redo my homework. 82. I’ll get her to do her homework carefully. 83. Make him join the tennis club! 84. We can’t stand him to look bored. 85. I’d like you to feel comfortable. 86. We don’t expect you to help us with the homework, but we’d like you to speak English with us. 87. I felt somebody watch me all the time. 88. Let him go skiing with us! 89. Do you believe him to be an actor? 90. The policeman made every car stop. 91. We would never have expected her to pass the examination. 92. Please let me know when you go to England! 93. You must promise not to do that again.


The passive infinitive used with auxiliary verbs

Find the corresponding parts! Underline the passive infinitive!

Basic level:

1. es sollte gelöst werden it may be taken

2. er konnte nicht gerettet werden they couldn’t be found

3. es muss gelöst werden they mustn’t be fed

4. es darf genommen werden she may be left

5. es sollte genommen werden it needn’t be cooked

6. es muss genommen werden he couldn’t be saved

7. es wird möglicherweise veröffentlicht werden it shall be built

8. sie möchte gefragt werden he must be helped

9. sie dürfen nicht gefüttert werden they mustn’t be picked

10. es dürfte serviert werden they must be written

11. das muss gemacht werden it shall be fed now

12. sie müssen geschrieben werden she wants to be asked

13. sie können betrachtet werden she ought to be helped

14. er konnte nicht gefunden werden 1. it should be solved

15. es braucht nicht gekocht werden this must be done

16. ihm muss geholfen werden it should be taken

17. ihr muss unbedingt geholfen werden he must be asked

18. sie müssen weggebracht werden it could be served now

19. sie dürfen nicht gepflückt werden it must be solved

20. es soll jetzt gefüttert werden he couldn’t be found

21. er muss gefragt werden it mustn’t be sold

22. es darf nicht verkauft werden it must be taken

23. sie wird wahrscheinlich verlassen werden they must be taken away

24. es soll gebaut werden it might be served

25. es könnte jetzt serviert werden it may be published

26. sie konnten nicht gefunden werden they can be watched

Solutions:

4. – 26. – 9. – 23. – 15. – 2. – 24. – 16. – 19. – 12. – 20. – 8. – 17. – 1. – 11. – 5. – 21. – 25. – 3. – 14. – 22. – 6. – 18. – 10. – 7. – 13.


The passive infinitive used with auxiliary verbs Fill in the missing passive infinitives!

Intermediate level: be solved – be served – be taken – be sold – be fed – be written – be corrected

27. Unfortunately our house must ………………………………………….

28. The animals in the zoo mustn’t ………………………………………..!

29. This riddle couldn’t ……………………………………….. by anybody!

30. Only two pills a day should …………………………………………….!

31. Dinner will ……………………………………………………… at eight.

32. All these letters must ……………………………………………. today.

33. Your tests must ………………………………………………. carefully. be translated – be watered – be found – be helped – be renovated – be taken – be done

34. The missing children couldn’t ..……………………………. anywhere.

35. These flowers shouldn’t ……………………………….……every day!

36. This text must ……………………………………………... into French.

37. He is so poor. He must ………………………………………. at once!

38. This house shall …………………………………………….. next year.

39. That boy should …………….………………. to hospital immediately.

40. This homework must ……………………………………….. by Friday! be cooked – be left – be answered – be sold – be tidied – be loved – be informed

41. This ham is ready to eat; it needn’t …………………………….….... .

42. This picture mustn’t …...…………………. It belongs to my grandma.

43. A lot of questions have to ……………………………………………..!

44. My little brother must …………………………………. He is so sweet!

45. I want to …………………………………………..………… alone now!

46. This room ought to ………………………………………… up at once!

47. They ought to ………………………..………………… immediately!

Solutions: 27. be sold 28. be fed 29. be solved 30. be taken 31. be served 32. be written 33. be corrected 34. be found 35. be watered 36. be translated 37. be helped 38. be renovated 39. be taken 40. be done 41. be cooked 42. be sold 43. be answered 44. be loved 45. be left 46. be tidied 47. be informed


The passive infinitive used with auxiliary verbs Fill in the missing parts!

High level:

48. Be quiet! The boss ……..........................…….……………………..… at the moment! (darf nicht gestört werden)

49. Lunch is ready ........................................………………..................... (um serviert zu werden)

50. This house ........................................................................................ (musste abgerissen werden)

51. If you go on like this you ................................................................... (dürftest du hinausgeworfen werden)

52. The house burned down. Nothing …………………………………….. any more! (konnte getan werden)

53. These letters ................................................................. by Tuesday! (sollten beantwortet werden)

54. The new shopping mall ..............……................................ in March. (wird eröffnet werden)

55. The English examination was too difficult ......................................... (um bestanden zu werden)

56. The headmaster ..................……................................. immediately! (sollte unbedingt informiert werden)

57. The apples ..............…………................................................... now. (könnten gepflückt werden)

58. This water ...........……............................. without being boiled first! (sollte nicht getrunken werden)

59. The film star ...................................................................................... (konnte nicht interviewt werden)

60. We all hope .........…………............................................ to her party. (eingeladen zu werden)

61. The man went overboard and …..……………………………………..! (war nicht mehr zu sehen)

62. Sue ………...........………...................................... all day. (würde gern gelobt werden) (loben = praise)

63. Our dog .................................................. because he was too weak. (musste erschossen werden)

64. This dress ....................…............…........... in the washing machine! (sollte nicht gewaschen werden)

65. The exhibition ........………………..................................... till August. (kann besichtigt werden) (besichtigen = view)

Solutions: 48. mustn’t be disturbed 49. to be served 50. had to be torn down 51. might be fired 52. could be done 53. should be answered 54. will be opened 55. to be passed 56. ought to be informed 57. could be picked 58. should not be drunk 59. couldn’t be interviewed 60. to be invited 61. was not to be seen any more 62. would like to be praised 63. had to be shot 64. shouldn’t be washed 65. can be viewed


The perfect infinitive used with auxiliary verbs

Match the two parts! Underline the perfect infinitive (have + 3rd form)! Basic level:

1. Er hat möglicherweise telefoniert. He must have dreamt it!

2. Du hättest dich bei ihr bedanken sollen! He might have written that!

3. Du kannst mich nicht gesehen haben! You shouldn’t have given him anything!

4. Er muss es geträumt haben! He could have climbed the mountain!

5. Das muss schrecklich gewesen sein! He must have gone this way.

6. Sie hätte das nicht tragen brauchen! They must have been lucky!

7. Du hättest sofort gehen sollen! 1. He may have telephoned.

8. Sie kann uns nicht verstanden haben! It may have been her!

9. Du hättest ihm nichts geben sollen! She shouldn’t have lied to me!

10. Er muss diesen Weg gegangen sein. Somebody must have told you!

11. Sie hätte mich nicht anlügen sollen! He should have repaired that!

12. Er kann es nicht gewesen sein! She can’t have understood us!

13. Möglicherweise ist es sie gewesen! I shouldn’t have done that!

14. Du hättest nichts mitbringen brauchen! That must have been terrible!

15. Jemand muss es euch gesagt haben! You should have thanked her!

16. Ihr müsst ihn gekannt haben! We should have translated that!

17. Ich hätte das nicht tun sollen! I needn’t have cooked so much!

18. Er hätte den Berg besteigen können! She may not have come!

19. Wir hätten das übersetzen sollen! She needn’t have carried that!

20. Du hättest nicht kommen brauchen! You must have known him!

21. Er dürfte das geschrieben haben They might have quarrelled!

22. Ich hätte nicht so viel kochen brauchen! You can’t have seen me!

23. Sie dürften gestritten haben! It can’t have been him!

24. Sie ist wahrscheinlich nicht gekommen You needn’t have brought along anything!

25. Er hätte das reparieren sollen! You needn’t have come!

26. Sie müssen Glück gehabt haben! You should have gone at once!

Solutions:

4. – 21. – 9. – 18. – 10. – 26. – 1. – 13. – 11. – 15. – 25. – 8. – 17. – 5. – 2. – 19. – 22. – 24. – 6. – 16. – 23. – 3. – 12. – 14. – 20. – 7.


The perfect infinitive used with auxiliary verbs Rewrite the following sentences by using the auxiliary + perfect infinitive!

Intermediate level: 27. It is possible that he called us while we were out.

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28. Possibly a thief broke the window.

……………………………………………………………………………… 29. It is possible that he didn’t understand the question!

……………………………………………………………………………… 30. Possibly the plane was delayed by the stormy weather.

……………………………………………………………………………… 31. It is possible that she read it in the newspaper.

……………………………………………………………………………… 32. We gave him a tip, which wasn’t necessary.

��

33. You brought some wine, which wasn’t necessary.

……………………………………………………………………………… 34. They learned the whole poem by heart, which wasn’t necessary!

……………………………………………………………………………… 35. She brought it back the same day, which wasn’t necessary!

……………………………………………………………………………… 36. He drove too fast, which was wrong!

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37. I told him a lie, which was wrong!

……………………………………………………………………………… 38. They laughed at her, which was not correct!

……………………………………………………………………………… 39. We cheated during the test, which was not okay!

………………………………………………………………………………

Solutions: 28. A thief may / might have broken the window. 29. He may / might not have understood the question! 30. The plane may / might have been delayed by the stormy weather. 31. She may / might have read it in the newspaper. 33. You needn’t have brought any wine! 34. They needn’t have learned the whole poem by heart! 35. She needn’t have brought it back the same day! 37. I shouldn’t have told him a lie! 38. They shouldn’t have laughed at her! 39. We shouldn’t have cheated during the test!


The perfect infinitive used with auxiliary verbs Rewrite the following sentences by using the auxiliary + perfect infinitive!

High level: 40. I think, Shakespeare (write) that play, but I’m not sure.

……………………………………………………………………………… 41. It is possible that she (wait) under the wrong clock!

……………………………………………………………………………… 42. She saved him from the burning house. She (be) very brave.

……………………………………………………………………………… 43. His name (be) Jones, but I can’t remember.

……………………………………………………………………………… 44. When I was young I (climb) that mountain, but now I’m too old.

……………………………………………………………………………… 45. We (be) happy to see her, but she didn’t come.

……………………………………………………………………………… 46. It is possible that they (forget) our appointment!

……………………………………………………………………………… 47. They (renovate) the house, which wasn’t necessary!

……………………………………………………………………………… 48. Betty (not find) my purse, she was not at school today.

……………………………………………………………………………… 49. Tom (not give) you my telephone number, he doesn’t know it!

……………………………………………………………………………… 50. Joseph (bring) the books, but he didn’t.

……………………………………………………………………………… 51. Why didn’t you ask Liz? She (find) the mistake.

………………………………………………………………………………

Solutions:

40 Shakespeare might have written this play. 41. She might have been waiting under the wrong clock! 42. She must have been very brave! 43. His name may / might have been Jones. 44. When I was young I could have climbed that mountain. 45. We would have been happy to see her. 46. They might have forgotten our appointment. 47. They needn’t have renovated their house. 48. Betty can’t have found my purse. 49. Tom can’t have given you my telephone number. 50. Joseph should have brought the books. 51. She might have found the mistake.


The perfect infinitive used with auxiliary verbs Form meaningful answers!

High level: 52. Why isn’t he here? (miss, train)

…………………………………………………………………………....…. 53. She didn’t come to the party last night. (forget)

…………………………………………………………………………....…. 54. No one has answered the phone! (they, go out)

…………………………………………………………………………....…. 55. How on earth did the thief get in? (break, window)

…………………………………………………………………………...….. 56. How did they know about our plans? (guess)

…………………………………………………………………………....…. 57. He didn’t seem surprised when I told him. (already, know)

……………………………………………………………………………..... 58. They should already be here! (lose, way)

…………………………………………………………………………....…. 59. I haven’t seen our neighbours for a week! (go, on holiday)

…………………………………………………………………………....…. 60. Why hasn’t she written to me? (forget)

…………………………………………………………………………...…. 61. It’s strange that she didn’t say anything about her plans! (change her mind)

……………………………………………………………………………..... 62. He fell off his bike but he didn’t get hurt. (break, arm)

…………………………………………………………………………....…. 63. I wonder why Kate didn’t come to the volleyball training. (be too tired)

…………………………………………………………………………....….

Solutions:

52. He may / might have missed the train. 53. She may / might have forgotten. 54. They might have gone out. 55. He could / might have broken a window. 56. They could have guessed. 57. He may / might already have known. 58. They may / might have lost their way. 59. They may / might have gone on holiday. 60. She could / might / may have forgotten. 61. She might have changed her mind. 62. He could have broken his arm! 63. She might have been too tired.


The perfect infinitive used with auxiliary verbs Form meaningful sentences!

High level: 64. Yesterday old Mrs Jones was scared because there were strange

noises at the door. (should, call, police)

…………………………………………………………………………..…. 65. I was very angry because my pocket calculator had disappeared!

(you, ask me, before, borrow)

………………………………………………………………………..……. 66. Last week our Latin teacher was angry. (you, study, new words)

…………………………………………………………………………..…. 67. Yesterday Mr Hill ran out of petrol and had to walk five kilometres

to the nearest petrol station. (check, petrol tank)

…………………………………………………………………………..…. 68. Bill couldn’t pay the taxi and had to walk. (not spend, so much money)

…………………………………………………………………………..…. 69. Our neighbour was angry because we were so noisy. (you, invite him)

…………………………………………………………………………..…. 70. He is sunburnt. (use, sun cream)

…………………………………………………………………………..…. 71. After the party Mike had a car accident. (not drink, alcohol)

…………………………………………………………………………..…. 72. Last night I had to stay at home because I didn’t have a car.

(I, give you a lift)

…………………………………………………………………………..…. 73. I had a very boring evening at home yesterday. (you, go to cinema)

…………………………………………………………………………..…. 74. Did you go to the concert last night? (we, go, decide, not to)

………………………………………………………………………..…….

Solutions: 64. She should have called the police! 65. You should have asked me before you borrowed it! 66. You should have studied the new words! 67. He should have checked the petrol tank! 68. He shouldn’t have spent so much money! 69. You should have invited him! 70. He should have used sun cream. 71. He shouldn’t have drunk any alcohol! 72. I could have given you a lift! 73. You could have gone to the cinema! 74. No, we could have gone but we decided not to.


The gerund Das Gerundium

Das Gerund sieht aus wie das present participle (-ing Form = verbal adjective), ist aber ein hauptwörtlich gebrauchtes Verb (= verbal noun)

a) Es wird einerseits wie ein Hauptwort verwendet: als Subjekt oder als Objekt, es kann einen Artikel oder eine Beifügung (pronouns, adjectives bzw. possessive case) bei sich haben.

Das Gerund steht nach Verben oder Adjektiven, die mit einer Präposition verbunden sind, bzw. nach bestimmten Verben ohne Präposition und nach bestimmten Redewendungen. (siehe Nebenseiten)

Examples:

Walking in the fresh air will do you good. Spazierengehen …. (Gerund als Subjekt ohne Artikel)

The howling of the wolves sounded terrible. Das Heulen … (Gerund als Subjekt mit Artikel)

We like reading. Wir lesen gerne. = Wir lieben das Lesen. (Gerund als Objekt)

Their quarrelling is ridiculous. Ihr Streiten ist lächerlich. (Gerund mit Possessive Adj..-Beifügung)

Jack’s writing looks better now. Jacks Handschrift … (Gerund mit Possessive Case-Beifügung)

This shouting must be stopped. Dieses Schreien … (Gerund mit Demonstrativpron.-Beifügung)

Woollen things need careful washing. … sorgfältiges Waschen! (Gerund mit Adjektiv-Beifügung)

We often think of going to America. Wir denken oft daran, nach Amerika zu gehen. (Gerund nach Verb)

I’m tired from running. Ich bin müde vom Laufen. (Gerund nach Adjektiv)

b) Andererseits hat das Gerund einen zeitwörtlichen Charakter und kann Objekte und Adverbien bei sich haben.

Examples:

I don’t like buying Christmas presents. Ich mag nicht gerne Weihnachtsgeschenke einkaufen. (Gerund mit Objekt)

I hate walking slowly. Ich hasse langsames Gehen. (Gerund mit Adverb)

Note the difference! ● Do you mind closing the window?

Macht es dir etwas aus, das Fenster zu schließen? Gemeint ist: Du sollst es schließen!

● Do you mind me* / my* closing the window? Macht es dir etwas aus, wenn ich das Fenster schließe? Gemeint ist: Stört es dich, wenn ich das Fenster schließe?

* Moderne Alltagssprache: me *Formeller Sprachgebrauch: my



Es wird verwendet nach folgenden Verben: *(auch mit that- Satz möglich!)

admit* zugeben finish beenden

advise raten, empfehlen imagine sich (bildlich) vorstellen

appreciate schätzen, anerkennen mind ausmachen

avoid vermeiden miss verpassen, nicht schaffen

consider in Betracht ziehen postpone verschieben, aufschieben

delay verzögern, aufschieben practise üben

deny* leugnen regret* bedauern

endure ertragen, aushalten resist widerstehen

enjoy genießen, gerne tun risk riskieren

escape entkommen suggest* vorschlagen

excuse entschuldigen understand verstehen

fancy sich vorstellen, sich einbilden like** – und weitere auch mit Infinitiv! (siehe Seite 138)!)

Es wird verwendet nach folgenden Verben + Präpositionen:

accuse of anklagen, beschuldigen give up aufhören mit, aufgeben

agree with zustimmen go on weiter machen

annoy by verärgern durch insist on bestehen auf

apologize for sich entschuldigen für keep (on) etw. dauernd tun, beibehalten

ask about sich erkundigen nach leave off (Gewohnheit) aufgeben

ask for bitten um, fragen nach look forward to sich freuen auf

be against/for dagegen / dafür sein negotiate about verhandeln über

begin by beginnen mit prevent from daran hindern, abhalten von

believe in überzeugt sein von, glauben an protect from schützen vor

benefit by/from profitieren von / durch put off aufschieben

blame for jem. die Schuld geben an recognize by erkennen an

care about sich kümmern um rely on sich verlassen auf

complain about/of klagen über, beklagen save from bewahren vor

concentrate on sich konzentrieren auf speak about sprechen über

confess to sich bekennen zu speak of sprechen von

congratulate on gratulieren zu specialize in sich spezialisieren auf

cope with fertig werden mit spend on ausgeben für

count on zählen auf stop (from) abhalten von

decide against sich gegen etw. entscheiden succeed in Erfolg haben bei, gelingen

decide for/on sich für etw. entscheiden suspect of verdächtigen

depend on abhängen von take part in teilnehmen an

devote to widmen, sich opfern für talk about sprechen über

die of sterben an tell off for tadeln, schimpfen wegen

dream of träumen von thank for danken für

escape (from) entkommen think of/about denken an, nachdenken über

forget about vergessen use for verwenden für

forgive for verzeihen waste (on) verschwenden für

give sb. the job of jem. beauftragen worry about sich Sorgen machen wegen



Es wird verwendet nach Adjektiven + Präpositionen: be …

accustomed to gewöhnt sein an impressed by beeindruckt sein von

afraid of sich fürchten vor interested in interessiert sein an

angry at / about zornig sein über involved in verwickelt sein in

annoyed at / about verärgert sein über keen on gierig sein auf

appropriate for geeignet sein für pleased at / about erfreut sein über

astonished at erstaunt sein über proud of stolz sein auf

bad at / in schlecht sein bei / in ready for bereit sein zu

capable of fähig sein zu responsible for verantwortlich sein für

charged with angeklagt werden wegen sad about / at traurig sein wegen

clever at begabt sein in shocked about schockiert sein wegen

crazy about verrückt sein nach sick of es satt haben

conscious of sich bewusst sein sorry for / about Leid tun wegen

disappointed at enttäuscht sein über sure about sicher sein wegen

famous for berühmt sein für surprised at erstaunt sein wegen

far from weit entfernt sein von thankful for dankbar sein für

fed up with etw. satt haben tired from von etwas müde sein

fined for bestraft werden wegen tired of etwas satt haben

fond of etwas gerne tun grow tired of die Lust verlieren an

glad about / at froh sein über used to gewöhnt sein an

good at gut sein in get used to sich gewöhnen an

happy at / about erfreut sein über wrong / right in (Un)recht haben

Es wird verwendet nach Nomen + Präpositionen: *(auch mit Infinitiv möglich)

advantage of Vorteil gift of Begabung für

aversion to Abneigung gegen idea of Ahnung von

chance of* Chance opportunity of* Gelegenheit zu

choice between Wahl zwischen the point of Zweck

danger of Gefahr reason for Grund für

difficulty in Schwierigkeit bei trouble in Schwierigkeit bei

doubt at Zweifel an way of Art und Weise

experience in Erfahrung in there’s no point in es hat keinen Sinn

Es wird verwendet nach gewissen Redewendungen:

it’s no good es hat keinen Sinn How about …? Wie wäre es mit ...?

it’s no use es nützt nichts What about …? Wie wäre es mit ...?

can’t stand nicht ertragen können be busy (with) beschäftigt sein mit

can’t help nicht anders können feel like zumute sein

it is(n’t) worth es ist (nicht) wert instead of anstatt

it is(n’t) fun es macht (keinen) Spaß without ohne

Gerund active present: watching perfect: having watched

Gerund passive present: being watched perfect: having been watched


The gerund

Find the corresponding sentences!

Basic level:

1. Rauchen ist nicht gesund! I hate working in the garden.

2. Wir fahren gerne mit der U-Bahn. We like watching football games.

3. Ich lese nicht gerne die Zeitung. No smoking!

4. Ich hasse es, mit ihm spazieren zu gehen. We are tired from walking around.

5. Wir schauen gerne Fußballspiele an. I don’t like reading the newspaper.

6. Er spielt nicht gerne Fußball. He’s afraid of being alone.

7. Ich hasse es, im Garten zu arbeiten. I’m sorry for being late!

8. Isst du gerne Hamburgers? She likes going to parties.

9. Sie geht gerne auf Partys. I don’t feel like laughing.

10. Ich hasse es, Alkohol zu trinken. He has difficulties in writing.

11. Rauchen verboten! I hate going for a walk with him.

12. Mir ist nicht nach Lachen zu Mute. I’m good at (playing) basketball!

13. Das ist seine Art zu denken. We are ready for leaving!

14. Was hältst du davon, ins Kino zu gehen? 1. Smoking isn’t healthy.

15. Er hat Schwierigkeiten beim Schreiben. Does he dream of being an actor?

16. Wir sind müde vom Wandern. Are you interested in buying the car?

17. Wir sind bereit zum Abfahren! We like going by underground.

18. Seid ihr interessiert, das Auto zu kaufen? Give up smoking!

19. Träumt er davon, Schauspieler zu sein? What about going to the cinema?

20. Er fürchtet sich davor, alleine zu sein. I hate drinking alcohol.

21. Es tut mir leid, dass ich zu spät komme! Stop telling lies!

22. Wir freuen uns auf euer Kommen! He doesn’t like playing football.

23. Gib das Rauchen auf! That’s his way of thinking.

24. Hör auf zu lügen! Do you like (eating) hamburgers?

25. Ich bin gut im Basketballspielen! She often dreams of winning the lottery.

26. Sie träumt oft davon, im Lotto zu gewinnen. We are looking forward to your coming

Solutions:

7. – 5. – 11. – 16. – 3. – 20. – 21. – 9. – 12. – 15. – 4. – 25. – 17. – 1. – 19. – 18. – 2. – 23. – 14. – 10. – 24. – 6. – 13. – 8. – 26. – 22.


The gerund Fill in the missing preposition (where necessary) and the gerund!

Intermediate level: 27. I’m very afraid ��. (fly)

28. You shouldn’t be angry …………… his ………………. late. (be)

29. Are you disappointed ………….. her ……………..……. badly? (behave)

30. Mark enjoys ………………………………… to music. (listen)

31. We couldn’t risk ……………………………. the train. (miss)

32. Do you mind ………………………….. me the salt? (pass)

33. You must go ……………………………………. now! (work)

34. She wants to give …………………………………….! (smoke)

35. ……………………………. is my favourite hobby. (read)

36. Kathleen hasn’t got the gift …………………….…………… (talk)

37. He doesn’t mind …………………………….. overtime. (work)

38. Why don’t you practise …….....…………………… the recorder? (play)

39. We thanked our teacher …………….……………….…. so helpful. (be)

40. We couldn’t stop them / their ......…….…………………….. beer. (drink)

41. Tom insisted ………………………………….. the photos himself. (take)

42. Susan thought ………………...……………………….. a singer. (become)

43. I count …………. your …………..….………………… the apples. (pick)

44. Eve is very much interested ……………..……………………….. (swim)

45. Do you mind …………………………….. my questions? (answer)

46. Mum is looking forward ……………...…………………. in the sun. (lie)

47. We insist ……… you / your ………....………. the TV-set today! (repair)

48. The girls kept ………………….…………………..…. for the test. (revise)

49. He wasn’t interested ………………………..………. a motor-bike. (buy)

50. Keep ………………………………! (smile)

51. In England you must keep …………………………… on the left! (drive)

Solutions:

28. about – being 29. at – behaving 30. listening 31. missing 32. passing 33. on working 34. up smoking 35. Reading 36. of talking 37. working 38. playing 39. for being 40. from drinking 41. on taking 42. of / about becoming 43. on – picking 44. in swimming 45. answering 46. to lying 47. on – repairing 48. on revising 49. in buying 50. smiling 51. driving


The gerund Fill in the missing verb form, preposition or gerund!

High level: 52. Please, excuse him / his ………………….……….. so unfriendly! (sein)

53. I couldn’t …………………………… meeting him. (vermeiden)

54. You must ……………………………..……….. trying it. (dauernd tun)

55. ……………………………..………. crying over spilt milk. (Es hat keinen Sinn)

56. I’m ……………...…… meeting the same people every day. (es satt haben)

57. Do you ……………….…..…… smoking? (Macht es Ihnen etwas aus, wenn ich rauche?

58. In my opinion ………………………………… is very cruel. (das Fuchsjagen)

59.

They enjoyed the freedom .................…….............. by horse-drawn caravans. (des Reisens)

60.

If a thing is …………………………………, it’s ………………... doing well! (Wenn etwas wert ist getan zu werden, ist es wert, gut getan zu werden!) – proverb

61. We are very ………………………………………. English! (gut im Sprechen)

62. Sister Mary wasn’t ……………………………………. listening to her. (interessiert daran)

63. Brian …..…….……… him / his being at the boarding school. (war gegen)

64. I knew she would ……………...….………………. the Blarney Stone. (sprechen über das Küssen)

65. I wrote ……………………………. and ……………………. and never ……………………… me a chance ……………..…….……. anything. (über ihr andauerndes Reden und mir nie eine Chance zu geben, etwas zu sagen)

66.

They don’t ………………………..… their children learning anything! (sich kümmern um)

67.

The cook in this restaurant is famous …………………………………. the best roast beef in town. (für das Zubereiten)

68. …………………..…………… opening the window? (Macht es Ihnen etwas aus)

69. We are very sorry …………… you / your ………...……..…. so early. (wegen des Abreisens)

70. What’s the reason ……… him / his …….……………. so angry? (sein)

71. You’ll get used …………………....…………… school uniforms. (tragen)

Solutions: 52. being 53. avoid 54. keep on 55. It’s no use 56. tired of / fed up with 57. mind me / my 58. fox- hunting 59. of travelling 60. worth doing – worth 61. good at speaking 62. interested in 63. was against 64. talk about kissing 65. about her talking – talking – giving me a chance of saying / to say anything 66. care about 67. for preparing 68. Do you mind 69. about – leaving 70. for – being 71. to wearing


The gerund Fill in the missing verb form, preposition or gerund!

High level: 72. We are fond ………………………..……….. in the play. (spielen)

73. The teachers are very glad ………… us / our ….…………… all the examinations. (bestehen)

74. My brother was fined …………………….…………….. too fast. (fahren)

75. That’s his way ………………………………….. things! (tun)

76. They had the opportunity …..……………………….…. their favourite pop star. (kennenlernen)

77. We rely ……… you / your …………………………. punctually! (kommen)

78. Don’t always complain ………………………… too much homework! (bekommen)

79. She died ………………………………………… too much. (trinken)

80. He was suspected …………………………. the picture. (gestohlen zu haben)

81. I’m specialized ………………………………….…. computers. (reparieren)

82. The policeman prevented him ……….…...……….. down the bridge. (springen)

83. I apologize ………………..……………………. you lies. (angelogen zu haben)

84. We are not used …………………………………… till midnight. (arbeiten)

85. I don’t like your way ………………………………………. me. (anschauen)

86. Let me congratulate you ………..………………………. your studies. (beendet zu haben)

87. You have the choice …………………………. or ………………..…… this class. (mehr zu lernen – wiederholen)

88. Thank you …………..…………..…….….. me the opportunity …..…. …………..……. with you for such a long time. (gegeben zu haben – zu bleiben)

89. I ……………………………… laughing when I saw him. (konnte nicht anders)

90. I don’t feel ………..……………………….……… at the moment. (lernen)

Solutions: 72. of acting 73. about – passing 74. for driving 75. of doing 76. of getting to know 77. on – coming 78. about getting 79. of drinking 80. of having stolen (gerund perfect) 81. in repairing 82. from jumping 83. for having told (gerund perfect) 84. to working 85. of looking at 86. on having finished (gerund

perfect) 87. between studying more – repeating 88. for having given – of staying / to stay 89. couldn’t help 90. like studying


The gerund Fill in the missing verb form and preposition (where necessary)!

High level: 91. He ……………………………….. gambling. (gab auf)

92. Try ……………………………….. making her angry! (zu vermeiden)

93. …………………….………….. telling her again and again. (Es nützt nichts)

94. I ………………………. holding another meeting next week. (schlage vor)

95. She ………………….. speaking and sat down. (beendete)

96. He ……………………………. driving without lights. (wurde bestraft wegen)

97. It’s difficult to ……………………………….… eating with chopsticks. (sich gewöhnen an)

98. You can’t make an omelette ……………….............................. eggs. (ohne zu brechen) – proverb

99. We …...………………………..... hearing from you soon. (freuen uns darauf)

100. The prisoners …………………………….…… by sliding down ropes made of blankets. (entkamen)

101. He ………………….. leaving Austria and going to America. (denkt daran)

102. If you listen to him, you ……..…..….… losing all your money! (riskierst)

103. Can you ………………..…. living with somebody who never ….…... talking? (vorstellen – aufhört)

104. Is there anything here ……………………………………….? (kaufenswert)

105. He was ………………………………………… important documents. (beschuldigt gestohlen zu haben)

106. Who ……………………………………………. to the dentist? (geht gerne)

107. ………….……………………………. taking your legs from my desk? (Würde es Ihnen etwas ausmachen)

108. We ………….…………………….. finishing the job in time. (Es gelang uns)

109. I ………………………… working at the moment; ……......…………. going for a walk instead? (Mir ist nicht zumute – wie wäre es mit)

110. …………………………….…… complaining all the time. (Es hat keinen Sinn)

111. …………………………… convincing him that there was no danger. (Es gelang mir, ihn zu überzeugen)

Solutions: 91. gave up 92. to avoid 93. It’s no use 94. suggest 95. finished 96. was fined for 97. get used to 98. without breaking 99. are looking forward to 100. escaped 101. is thinking of 102. risk 103. imagine – stops 104. worth buying 105. accused of having stolen 106. enjoys / likes going 107. Would you mind 108. succeeded in 109. don’t feel like – what about 110. There’s no point in / It’s no good 111. I succeeded in


The gerund Fill in the missing parts! Translate the sentences!

High level:

112. …………………….....………………………. a summary of that book. (Ich erinnere mich, gelesen zu haben)

113. …………………………………………… their old car at a good price. (Es gelang ihnen, zu verkaufen)

114. …………………………………………………… the children at home. (Er bestand darauf, zu lassen)

115. ……………………………………………………………………………. (Wir verlassen uns darauf, dass ihr uns helft.)

116. ……………………………………………………………………………. (Er ist spezialisiert darauf, Häuser zu renovieren.)

117. ………………………………………………………….. with an accent. (Du wirst ihn daran erkennen, dass er spricht.)

118. ……………………………………………………………………………. (Wir verwenden dieses Zimmer, um alte Dinge aufzubewahren.) (store)

119. ……………………………………………………………………………. (Kannst du deine Kinder nicht davon abhalten, ohne zu schauen über die Straße zu laufen?)

120. ……………………………………………………………………………. (Mach dir keine Gedanken darüber, dass er zu lange studiert.)

121. ……………………………………………………………………………. (Ich fürchte mich davor, auf eine Schlange zu treten.)

122. ……………………………………………………………………………. (Ein starker Sturm hielt uns davon ab, auszugehen.)

123. ……………………………………………………………………………. (Es tut uns Leid, euch warten gelassen zu haben.)

124. ……………………………………………………………………………. (Ich habe es satt, den ganzen Tag Übungen zu machen!.)

125. ………………………………………………………. when we are out. (Unser Hund ist daran gewöhnt, eingesperrt zu sein!.) (passives Gerund!)

Solutions: 112. I remember having read 113. They succeeded in selling 114. He insisted on leaving 115. We rely on your helping us / on you helping us. (spoken English) 116. He is specialized in renovating houses. 117. You’ll recognize him by his speaking / him speaking (spoken English) 118. We use this room for storing old things. 119. Can’t you keep your children from running across the road without looking? 120. Don’t worry about his studying too long. / about him studying too long. (spoken English) 121. I’m afraid of stepping on a snake. 122. A big storm prevented us from going out. 123. We are sorry for having kept you waiting. 124. I’m tired of / fed up with doing exercises all day long. 125. Our dog is used to being locked in


The gerund Translate these sentences!

High level:

126. Ich mache mir Sorgen, weil er so blass aussieht. (pale)

127. Sie ist fähig, ihre Mutter zu betrügen. (cheat) 128. Er wurde beschuldigt, das Haus angezündet zu haben. (set …. on fire)

129. Wir dachten daran, unsere Ferien in Griechenland zu verbringen. 130. Sie brauchen sich nicht zu ärgern, keine Karten bekommen zu

haben.

131. Machen sich deine Eltern keine Sorgen, wenn du alleine reist?

132. Ich bin es gewöhnt, alleine zu sein. 133. Wir verlieren die Lust, jeden Tag dasselbe zu tun. 134. Es gelang ihr nicht, einen Verleger für ihr Buch zu finden. (publisher)

135. Sie wurden davor bewahrt (gerettet), zu erfrieren. (freeze to death)

136. Die Krankheit meines Vaters hinderte mich daran, heuer in die USA zu fahren.

137. Wir sprechen eben davon, uns einen Wachhund zu kaufen. (watch dog)

138. Sie bestand darauf, ein Taxi zu nehmen. 139. Können wir uns darauf verlassen, dass du die Türe absperrst?

140. Er ist imstande, seinen eigenen Namen zu vergessen! 141. Sie mögen es nicht, wenn ich im Wohnzimmer rauche. 142. Hast du die Zeitung fertig gelesen?

143. Hör auf, mich zu sekkieren! (tease)

144. Nun erinnere ich mich daran, schon hier gewesen zu sein.

145. Ich war erstaunt, dass er sich an meinen Namen erinnerte.

Solutions:

126. I’m worried about his looking / about him looking so pale. (spoken English) 127. She is capable of cheating her mother. 128. He was accused of having set the house on fire. 129. We thought of spending our holiday in Greece. 130. You need not be annoyed at / about not having got any tickets. (gerund perfect verneint) 131. Don’t your parents worry about your travelling / about you travelling alone? (spoken English) 132. I’m used to being alone. 133. We grow tired of doing the same thing every day. 134. She didn’t succeed in finding a publisher for her book. 135. They were saved from freezing to death. 136. My father’s illness prevented me from going to the USA this year. 137. We are just talking about buying a watch dog. 138. She insisted on taking a taxi. 139. Can we rely on your locking / on you locking the door? (spoken English) 140. He is capable of forgetting his own name! 141. They don’t like my smoking / me smoking in the living-room (spoken English) 142. Have you finished reading the newspaper? 143. Stop teasing me! 144. Now I remember having already been here before. (gerund perfect) 145. I was astonished at his remembering / at him remembering my name (spoken English)


Gerund or infinitive Gerundium oder Infinitiv

Es gibt Verben und Phrasen, die sowohl in Verbindung mit dem Gerund als auch mit dem Infinitiv verwendet

werden können (teils mit, teils ohne Bedeutungsunterschied):

Verb mit Gerund mit Infinitiv

begin, start, continue, intend

kein Bedeutungsunterschied

It starts snowing. Mark continues reading.

It starts to snow. Mark continues to read.

love, like, dislike, hate, prefer, allow, permit, forbid, advise

allgemeine Aussage spezielle Situation

I like swimming. He hates learning. They prefer paying at once. Mum doesn’t allow smoking in the living room. She hated telling lies. Sie hasste das Lügen.

I like to swim in the sea. He hates to learn Latin. They’d prefer to pay now. Mum doesn’t allow him to smoke in the living room. She hated to tell him that. Sie hasste es, ihm das zu sagen. (unangenehme Situation)

remember, forget, regret

ausgeführte Tätigkeit (vorbei) Auftrag (ist zu erledigen)

He remembered putting the key under the door mat. Er erinnerte sich, dass er ... gelegt hatte.

He remembered to put the key under the door mat. Er dachte daran, dass er .... legen musste.

mean

bedeuten beabsichtigen, wollen

This means working harder. Das bedeutet, dass du härter arbeiten musst.

We didn’t mean to hurt you. Wir wollten dich nicht verletzen.

need

passive Bedeutung aktive Bedeutung

Our house needs renovating. Unser Haus muss renoviert werden.

You needn’t renovate the house. Du musst nicht … renovieren.

stop

aufhören etwas zu tun stehen bleiben bzw. mit etwas aufhören, um etwas anderes zu tun

He stopped smoking. Er hörte zu rauchen auf. Er gab das Rauchen auf.

He stopped to light a cigarette. Er blieb stehen, um sich eine Zigarette anzuzünden.

go on

weitermachen etwas zu tun und dann, als Nächstes

She went on talking for hours. Sie redete stundenlang weiter.

She went on to talk about Jim. Dann fing sie an, über Jim zu reden

try

Tätigkeit ausprobieren sich bemühen, versuchen I have never tried parachuting. Ich habe nie den Versuch gemacht, Fallschirm zu springen.

Why don’t you try to eat less? Warum versuchst du nicht, weniger zu essen?


Gerund or Infinitive?

Find the appropriate translation!

Basic level:

1. We did our homework, then we went on to study the vocabulary.

2. Your car needs cleaning!

3. Why don’t you go on reading?

4. You needn’t clean the car today.

5. Please remember to bring the signed papers tomorrow!

6. Can you remember going to the concert at Christmas?

7. I’m afraid he will forget to buy bread and milk.

8. I’ll never forget buying my first car.

9. They stopped to eat a hamburger.

10. They stopped eating fast food after their holidays.

11. You must try to work more carefully!

12. He tried calling you several times.

13. Stop grumbling!

a) Bitte, denkt daran, die unterschriebenen Papiere morgen zu bringen! b) Er versuchte mehrere Male, dich anzurufen.

c) Ich befürchte, er wird vergessen, Brot und Milch zu kaufen.

d) Du musst versuchen, sorgfältiger zu arbeiten. e) Dein Auto muss geputzt werden.

f) Wir machten unsere Hausübung und dann fingen wir an, die Vokabeln zu lernen.

g) Ich werde nie vergessen, wie ich mein erstes Auto kaufte.

h) Nach den Ferien hörten sie auf, Fastfood zu essen.

i) Warum liest du nicht weiter? j) Sie blieben stehen, um einen Hamburger zu essen.

k) Kannst du dich an das Konzert erinnern, zu dem du zu Weihnachten gingst?

l) Du musst das Auto nicht heute putzen. m) Raunz nicht immerzu!

Solutions: 1.f) (und dann, als Nächstes) – 2.e) (passive Bedeutung) – 3.i) (weitermachen, etwas zu tun) – 4.l) (aktive Bedeutung) – 5.a) (= vergesst nicht zu bringen – bezieht sich auf die Zukunft) – 6.k) (= in Erinnerung rufen – bezieht sich auf die

Vergangenheit) – 7.c) (bezieht sich auf die Zukunft) – 8.g) (bezieht sich auf die Vergangenheit) – 9.j) (mit etwas

aufhören, um etwas anderes zu tun) – 10. h) (aufhören) – 11.d) (= sich bemühen) – 12.b) (den Versuch unternehmen) – 13.m) (aufhören)


Gerund or infinitive?

Find the appropriate translation!

Basic level: 14. She stopped to light a cigarette.

15. He continued weighing parcels while we asked him several questions.

16. He answered our questions then he continued to weigh parcels.

17. I regret missing your son’s piano concert. (spoken English: I’m sorry that I missed …)

18. I regret to have to tell you of your son’s accident.

19. She went on asking me about my friend.

20. She went on to ask me about my friend.

21. Have you started writing your composition?

22. I prefer staying at home.

23. We intend going / to go to Australia next summer.

24. This bike needs cleaning.

25. She remembered feeding the budgies.

26. You needn’t clean your bike today.

n) Sie fragte mich immer weiter über meinen Freund aus. o) Es tut mir Leid, dass ich das Klavierkonzert deines Sohnes versäumte.

p) Hast du mit dem Schreiben deines Aufsatzes begonnen ?

q) Wir beabsichtigen, im nächsten Jahr nach Australien zu fahren. r) Sie blieb stehen, um eine Zigarette anzuzünden.

s) Ich bedaure, Sie über den Unfall Ihres Sohnes informieren zu müssen.

t) Er beantwortete unsere Fragen, dann fuhr er fort, Pakete abzuwägen u) Ich bleibe lieber zu Hause.

v) Er ließ sich durch unsere Fragen nicht beim Pakete Abwägen stören.

w) Dann fing sie an, mich über meinen Freund auszufragen. x) Du musst dein Fahrrad nicht heute putzen!

y) Dieses Fahrrad muss geputzt werden.

z) Sie erinnerte sich daran, die Wellensittiche gefüttert zu haben.

Solutions:

14.r) – 15.v) (auch: he continued to weigh)– 16.t) (auch: he continued weighing) – 17.o) (bezieht sich auf die

Vergangenheit) - 18. s) (bezieht sich auf die Zukunft) – 19.n) – 20.w) – 21.p) (auch: to write) – 22.u) – 23.q) – 24.y) (passive Bedeutung) – 25.z) (bezieht sich auf die Vergangenheit) 26.x) (aktive Bedeutung)



Before doing this exercise repeat the “infinitive” and the “gerund rules”!

Intermediate level

27. We are tired of �� grammar-rules every week. (study)

28. I don’t think he’s capable of ………………………… clearly. (think)

29. We expect you …………………..…….. your homework carefully. (do)

30. I can’t remember ………………………. the £ 5 note. (change)

31. I regret ……………………….……..…… you the letter in time. (not send)

32. We can’t afford …………………………… our house this year. (renovate)

33. Have you decided yet what ………………………. tomorrow? (do)

34. Why not ……………. the rest of it tomorrow? (do)

35. It isn’t fun …………………………… after my little brother. (look)

36. Mike didn’t agree ………………………… a new car at once. (buy)

37.

Dad didn’t agree with ………………...… his birthday in a restaurant. (celebrate)

38. We hope ……………………….. you again soon. (see)

39. Imagine ……………………………. alone on a desert island! (live)

40. Joe and Ann happened ………..……………. in the fitness club. (meet)

41. ………………………….. stamps is my favourite hobby. (collect)

42. We’d like ……..….. dinner first and then ……..….. the film. (have – watch)

43. They won’t forget …………………….. the flowers. (water)

44. We learned how …………………………... the vocabulary best. (study)

45. She doesn’t enjoy …………………………... (dive)

46. I’m not very interested in …………………………. animal books. (read)

47. She didn’t forget …………………………….. the budgies. (feed)

48. The man didn’t hesitate …………………… into the cold water. (jump)

49. Can you imagine ………………….…. your wedding day? (forget)

50. I didn’t manage ………………………. there on time. (get)

Solutions: 28. thinking (p.131) 29. to do (AcI) (p.106) 30. changing (gewechselt zu haben – rückblickend) (p.139) 31. not sending (nicht geschickt zu haben – rückblickend) (p.139) 32. to renovate (p.105) 33. to do (p.105) 34. do (p.107)

35. looking (p.131) 36. to buy (p.105) 37. celebrating (p.1130) 38. to see (p.105) 39. living (p.130) 40. to meet (p.105) 41. Collecting (subject – p.125) 42. to have (p.105) – watch (2. Infinitive – p.107) 43. to water (vorausblickend) (p.139) 44. to study (p.105) 45. diving (object – p.130) 46. reading (p.131) 47. to feed (vorausblickend) (p.139) 48. to jump (p.105) 49. forgetting (p.130) 50. to get (p.105)




Intermediate level: 51. We’d like you ………………… our guest as long as you want. (be)

52. It’s no use …………………… him for more money. (ask)

53. Mum was against ……………………….. our old car. (sell)

54. Dorian seemed …………………. quite unhappy with Sharon. (be)

55. He offered ………………………. me home in his car. (take)

56. We’ll begin by ………………………….. the important things. (sort out)

57. They always believed in him ……..………… famous one day. (become)

58. They refused ………………………. overtime. (work)

59. You had better …………………… your mouth shut! (keep)

60. Dad warned them …………………………………… on the ice. (not step)

61. We decided on …………….………..…………… to another city. (move)

62.

They planned …………………… jobs and ……………….. to Leeds. (change – move)

63. I had no idea where ……………………. my car. (park)

64. I honestly didn’t want …………………. you. (hurt)

65. Mary dreams of ……………………………. a famous film star. (become)

66. She pretended …………………… ill. (be)

67. He will probably die of …………………………………. too much. (drink)

68. Nobody saw him …….…...... the room because nobody was in. (enter)

69. We suspected her of .....………….………….. the diamond ring. (steal)

70. Sorry, I’ve forgotten what ............................... ! (say)

71. She succeeded in ...............…………………................... me. (persuade)

72.

They persuaded her .......................……. anybody about their plans. (not tell)

73. I benefited a lot by ................................. English books. (read)

74. I often think of …………………………… him. (leave)

Solutions: 51. to be (p.106) 52. asking (p.131) 53. selling (p.130) 54. to be (p.105) 55. to take (p.105) 56. sorting out (p.130) 57. becoming (p.130) 58. to work (p.105) 59. keep (p.107) 60. not to step (p.106) 61. moving (p.130)

62. to change (p.105) – move (2. Infinitiv – p.107) 63. to park (p.105) 64. to hurt (p.105) 65. becoming (p.130)

66. to be (p.105) 67. drinking (p.130) 68. enter (p.107) 69. stealing (p.130) 70. to say (p.105) 71. persuading (p.130) 72. not to tell (p.106) 73. reading (p.130) 74. leaving (p.130)




High level: 75. He is capable of ……………………………..…….. his own dad. (cheat)

76. Were you told off for …...…………..…..…….. your homework? (not do)

77. The explorers succeeded in ……………..……….. a good guide. (find)

78. He is benefiting from ………….. the whole amount immediately. (pay)

79. You must concentrate on ………………..……… more carefully. (work)

80. We arranged ………………………..………. them at the station. (meet)

81. He made us …………………………………. faster. (work)

82. My boss often gives me the job of ….…………… speeches for him. (write)

83. Let’s go home! It’s no use …………………………… any longer. (wait)

84. Mum warned him …………………….……………… the vase. (not touch)

85. She never complains of ............…………................... overtime. (work)

86. We can’t stand (hate) her …………………………….. like that. (behave)

87. She tried ………………… but they refused ………………….. to her. (explain – listen)

88. We negotiated about ......….………....................... over his firm. (take)

89. She annoyed us by ……..…..…………………… during dinner. (smoke)

90. They were very sorry for ………………….…………. us waiting. (keep)

91. You are expected ………………..……………………. properly. (behave)

92. Would you mind ………….……. me how ………………… the safe? (show – open)

93. He confessed to .......………....................... her friend. (be)

94. I’m beginning ………………..……………… what he means. (understand)

95. A passer-by prevented the young man from ……………..… suicide. (commit suicide = Selbstmord begehen)

96. The boys like ……………… games but hate ………….… exercises. (play – do)

Solutions:

75. cheating (p.131) 76. not doing (p.130) 77. finding (p.130) 78. paying (p.130) 79. working (p.130) 80. to meet (p.105) 81. work (p.107) 82. writing (p.130) 83. waiting (p.131) 84. not to touch (p.106) 85. working (p.130) 86. behaving (p.129, 139) 87. to explain (p.139) – to listen (p.105) 88. taking (p.130) 89. smoking (p.130) 90. keeping (p.131) 91. to behave (p.105) 92. showing (p.130) – to open (p.105) 93. being (p.130) 94. to understand (p.139, aber: nur Infinitive-Lösung möglich, wenn ein Verb des Verstehens folgt!) 95. committing (p.130) 96. playing – doing (p.139)




High level:

97. We regret ……………..………….. you that your application has not arrived in time. (inform)

98.

They congratulated me on …………………….. much younger than I was. (look)

99. I was fined for …………..……… in a non parking area! (park) (Strafe zahlen)

100. Dad told me …………..……….………… to anybody about it. (not speak)

101. They couldn’t help ……………………...… about what you said. (laugh)

102. It depends on his ..............……................. successful. (be)

103. My parents don’t allow ………………………….…… in our flat. (smoke)

104. My parents don’t allow us ………….…..…………………. at all! (smoke)

105. Please go on ……….…………………. the homework books, I don’t mind ……………………… (correct – wait)

106.

We had to cope with …………………...…………. a lot of difficulties. (overcome – überwinden)

107.

They tried …………………………. us ……………….……… that flat. (persuade – not rent)

108. The doctor is devoted to ……….………….…. children in Africa. (cure)

109. This floor needs …………………….! Do you want me ……………… that for you? (polish – arrange)

110. I can’t help …………..…………...… I caught a cold yesterday. (sneeze)

111. The doctor advised her ………………...……………...… . (give up – smoke)

112. Can I count on your ……………...…..………. punctual this time? (be)

113. He left the room without …………..…...…………..…….. a word. (say)

114. Macy is used to ………………………………. out all new words. (write)

115. My parents prevented me from ……………...……… a mistake. (make)

116. Would you mind my ………………………. the window? I don’t want ………………….…… a cold! (shut – catch)

117. Unfortunately we couldn’t protect him from ……………... injured. (be)

Solutions: 97. to inform (p.139) 98. looking (p.130) 99. parking (p.131) 100. not to speak (p.106) 101. laughing (p.131) 102. being (p.130) 103. smoking (p.139) 104. to smoke (p.106, 139) 105. correcting (p.130) – waiting (p.130) 106. overcoming (p.130) 107. to persuade (p.139) – not to rent (p.106) 108. curing (p.130) 109. polishing (p.139) – to arrange (p.106) 110. sneezing (p.131) 111. to give up (p.106) smoking (p.130) 112. being (p.130) 113. saying (p.131) 114. writing (p.131) 115. making (p.130) 116. shutting (p.129) – to catch (p.105) 117. being (p.130)




High level: 118. I advise you …………………….……………………. for a job at once

instead of ………………………… for years. (start – look – study)

119.

…………………. in the sun is much more relaxing than ……………. mountains. (lie – climb)

120.

He has an aversion to …………………….……… letters. He prefers ……………………. telephone calls. (write – make)

121.

I’d prefer ………………………. the telephone call right now instead of ……………….……….…. about it over again and again. (make – think)

122.

They expect me …………………………… their offer at once but there’s no point in …………………………. at all. (check – reply)

123.

She postponed ……………………..….. a decision till it was too late ……………………… anything. (make – do)

124. We are looking forward to ……………..…….. you next summer. (see)

125. Imagine ………………………………… only at night! (have to work)

126. It’s no good ………….………………… for the missing people in this weather. You had better ………………………… tomorrow morning! (search – start)

127. That’s my way of ………………………..…………….. problems. (solve)

128. You forgot ………..…….………. the key under the door mat. That’s why we had to wait outside instead of ……..….....……….. in. (put – go)

129.

Please, don’t forget ………………..……….. the key under the door mat or I’ll have …………………..……… till you come home. (put – wait)

130.

At first I liked ………….……………. to his exciting stories but then I grew tired of …….………..…… the same stories three times a day. (listen – hear)

131. Don’t let us ……………………. too long! (wait)

132. I know my hair needs …………………….…….. but at the moment I can’t afford ……………………… money on things like that. (cut – spend)

133.

Try ………………………… about it! It isn’t worth ………….………… about him. (forget – cry)

Solutions:

118. to start looking (p.106, 139 – ist besser als: to start to look!) – studying (p.131) 119. Lying – climbing (p.129) 120. writing (p.131) – making (p.139) 121. to make (p.139) – thinking (p.131) 122. to check (p.106) – replying (p.131) 123. making (p.130) – to do (p.105 nach too + adj.) 124. seeing (p.130) 125. having (p.130) to work (=arbeiten zu müssen) 126. searching (p.131) – start (p.107) 127. solving (p.131) 128. to put (p.139) – going (p.131) 129. to put (p.139) – to wait (warten müssen) 130. listening (p.139) – hearing (p.131) 131. wait (p.107) 132. cutting (p.139) – to spend (p.105) 133. to forget (p.139) – crying (p.131)


Gerund or infinitive? Choose a verb and fill in the correct form!

High level:

134. He doesn’t enjoy ………………………….. alone. He feels so lonely.

135. I’d love …………………………….. my friends in Australia. It’s a pity it’s so far away.

136. Try ……………………….. this medicine. Maybe that will make you feel better.

137. She’ll try …………………………. Jane, but she isn’t sure if she has got the right number.

138. We love …………………….. in Austria. We wouldn’t like ..………… anywhere else.

139. My dad wants a sports car, but mum would prefer …………………. a family car.

140. Did you remember …………………… the garage door? If not you’ll have to go back.

141. I can’t remember ……………………… the garage door. I must go back and have a look.

142. He didn’t want to go to school so he pretended …………….……. ill.

143. I don’t want to go out every Saturday, I’d prefer …………………….. at home this time.

144. I wish you wouldn’t smoke. You know that ………….……………….. is not healthy.

145. My husband never goes by aeroplane. He’s afraid of ……………….

146. Mary would like to become a secretary but her parents want ……… …………………………. to university.

147. Our teacher speaks English very fast. It’s difficult ………………….. him.

148. My parents expect ……………………...…. to church every Sunday, but we hate ………………………….. so early.

149. There’s no point …………………….. about that bad mark on your test. Try ………………………….…… more next time!

Solutions: 134. being (p.130) 135. to visit (p.139: Ich würde gerne besuchen) 136. taking (p.139: try – ausprobieren) 137. to phone (p.139: try – den Versuch machen) 138. living (p.139: love – allgemeine Aussage) – to live (p.139: wouldn’t like –

Wunsch) 139. to buy (p.139: would prefer – Wunsch) 140. to close (p.139: Hast du nicht vergessen, das Garagentor

zuzumachen?) 141. closing (p.139: Ich kann mich nicht erinnern, ob ich das Garagentor zugemacht habe) 142. to be (p.105) 143. to stay (p.139 – Wunsch) 144. smoking (p.129: Subjekt) 145. flying (p.131) 146. her to go (p.106) 147. to understand (p.105) 148. us to go (p.106) – getting up (p.139 allgemeine Aussage) 149. crying (p.131) – to study (p.139: try – den Versuch machen)


Gerund: Shortening of sentences Gerund: Verkürzung von Sätzen

Das Gerund verkürzt Gliedsätze,

• die das gleiche Subjekt haben

• die unterschiedliche Subjekte haben.

Dabei ändern sich die Bindewörter folgendermaßen:

Bindewort + Gliedsatz Bindewort + Gerund

that dass --- ---

when als on als

after nachdem after nachdem

before bevor before bevor

but ... not instead of anstatt zu

without ohne zu

by indem

although obwohl in spite of trotz

because weil because of wegen

as da for / with / by da, weil, dadurch dass

Examples:

I remembered that I had seen her in the library. (gleiches Subjekt) I remembered having seen her in the library. (formelles Englisch) I remembered seeing her in the library. (gesprochenes Englisch)

I remembered that he had seen her in the library. (unterschiedliche Subjekte)

I remembered his having seen her in the library. (formelles Englisch) I remembered him seeing her in the library. (gesprochenes Englisch)

When Dad came home he heard about the accident. (gleiches Subjekt) On coming home Dad heard about the accident.

Before I go to bed I lock the door. Before going to bed I lock the door.

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