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HUKUM DAN ETIKA DALAM PROFESI ARSITEKTUR

ETHICS IN BUILDING ONCONSERVATION AREASthe case of Majapahit Information Center, Trowulan(Baskoro Tedjo) and the New Acropolis Museum,Athens (Bernard Tschumi)

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ETHICS IN BUILDING ON CONSERVATION SITE

1. The intervention must be the minimum necessary.

2. The intervention should be reversible if technically possible. This is morelikely to be achievable with traditional methods.

3. The intervention should not prejudice future intervention.

4. The intervention should not hinder later access to all the evidence

incorporated in the structure.

5. The intervention should be totally directed by dedicated respect for

aesthetics, and historical and physical integrity.

6. The intervention should allow the maximum amount of existing material

to be retained.

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ETHICS IN BUILDING ON CONSERVATION SITE

7. The intervention should be harmonizing in color, tone, texture, form and

scale.

8. Restoration should not be attempted unless there is adequate

archaeological evidence or there is good photographic or drawn evidencefor the items to be replaced. In addition the items must be essential to re-

instate the original design concept.

9. Restoration in order to re-instate the original design concept is only donein exceptional circumstances and where the restoration is absolutely

necessary for the structure to be fully understood and appreciated by the

observer. Archaeological curiosity should not be engaged in, so as to

attempt to retrieve the evidence, especially if this will result in

unnecessary intervention in the structure.

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REQUIREMENTS IN BUILDING ON CONSERVATION SITE

1. The historical development of the building must be fully documented. (No

decisions regarding intervention should be made in isolation of the full

knowledge of all the building phases).

2. The condition of the building and the condition of any materials must be

fully documented before the intervention has taken place.

3. The methods and materials used must be fully documented.

4. The intervention must be taken by a conservator/contractor who is fullytrained and experienced in this field of work.

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KEY PROCESSES

MAJAPAHIT INFORMATION CENTER NEW ACROPOLIS MUSEUMROCESSES

Site Survey

Open Competition

Archeological Research

Design Presentation

(to authority)

Design Presentation

(to archeologist)

Design Presentation

(to public)

YES YES

NO YES

YES YES

YES YES

NO YES

NO YES

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KEY PROCESSES

MAJAPAHIT INFORMATION CENTER NEW ACROPOLIS MUSEUMROCESSES

Public Voting

Appointment of

Archeological Experts

Appointment of

Specialist Contractors

Design Evaluation

Team (design revision)

Continuous Archeological

Supervision

NO YES

NO YES

NO YES

YES YES

NO YES

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ETHICS CODE REFERENCES

Ref: Ikatan Arsitek Indonesia

Standar Etika 1.4 WARISAN ALAM, BUDAYA DAN LINGKUNGANArsitek sebagai budayawan selalu berupaya mengangkat nilai-nilai budaya melalui karya, serta wajib

menghargai dan membantu pelestarian, juga berupaya meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan hidupnya yang tidak

semata-mata indah dengan menggunakan pendekatan teknis-ekonomis, tetapi juga menyertakan asas

pembangunan berkelanjutan.

Kaidah Tata Laku 1.401Arsitek berkewajiban berperan aktif dalam pelestarian bangunan/ arsitektur dan/ atau kawasan bersejarah yangbernilai tinggi.

Kaidah Tata Laku 1.402Arsitek berkewajiban meneliti secara cermat sebelum melakukan rencana peremajaan, pembongkaran

bangunan/ kawasan yang dinilai memiliki potensi berdasarkan peraturan yang berlaku dan/ atau penilaian pakar.

Kaidah Tata Laku 1.403Arsitek berkewajiban memberitahukan dan memberikan saran kepada Pengurus IAI Daerah/ Cabang untuk

diteruskan kepada yang berwenang, apabila mengetahui ada rencana perombakan, peremajaan, pembongkaran

bangunan dan/ atau kawasan yang perlu dilestarikan di daerahnya.

Kaidah Tata Laku 1.403Arsitek mengusahakan penggunaan sumber daya secara efisien, meningkatkan mutu sumber daya manusia,

mempertahankan dan memperkaya keanekaan hayati serta kelestarian lingkungan.

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ETHICS CODE REFERENCES

Ref: American Institute of Architects

CANON 1: General Obligations: Natural and Cultural HeritageE.S 1.3 Members should respect and help conserve their natural and cultural heritage while striving to improve

the environment and the quality of life within it.

Ref: Royal Institute of British Architects

Principle 2 - Competence2.1 Members are expected to apply high standards of skill, knowledge and care in all their work. They must also

apply their informed and impartial judgement in reaching any decision.

2.2 Members should realistically appraise their ability to undertake and achieve any proposed work. They should

also make their client aware of the likelihood of achieving the clients requirement and aspirations. If members

feel they unable to comply, they should not quote for, or accept, the work.

2.3 Members should maintain appropriate records throughout their engagement.

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LIST OF REFERENCES

1. Archeological Institute of America, Code of Ethics(2007)

2. Ikatan Arsitek Indonesia, Kode Etik Arsitek dan Kaidah Tata Laku Profesi Arsitek(2007)

3. American Institute of Architects, Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct(2007)

4. Royal Institute of British Architects, Code of Professional Conduct(2005)

5. US Department of Interior, Natural Historic Preservation Act 1966(2008)

FURTHER READINGS

1. http://heptadesain.wordpress.com/2009/01/17/baskoro-tedjo-dan-kontroversi-trowulan/

2. http://www.newacropolismuseum.gr/eng/

3. http://www.archaeological.org/pdfs/AIA_Code_of_EthicsA5S.pdf