Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.
description
Transcript of Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.
![Page 1: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.
![Page 2: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
John MuirThe Romantic-Transcendental Preservation Ethic
![Page 3: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
George Perkins Marsh
![Page 4: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Gifford PinchotThe Resource Conservation Ethic
![Page 5: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Possible Values of Nature
• Instrumental value – a thing is valuable because it is useful to humans
• Intrinsic value – a thing is valuable in and of itself – valuable because it exists
![Page 7: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Aldo Leopoldthe
Evolutionary-Ecological Land Ethic
![Page 8: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Aldo Leopold on horseback in Arizona – rider on left
![Page 9: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
AldoAnd DogAt theShack
![Page 10: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The First Oakies at the Shack
![Page 11: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Biodiversity
Biodiversity – the diversity of life in all its forms and at all levels of organization.
Word first used in print by E.O. Wilson 1986
![Page 12: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Biodiversity
At all levels of organization – usually three:• Species Diversity• Genetic Diversity• Ecosystem Diversity
![Page 13: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Northern Elephant Seal
![Page 14: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Southern Elephant Seal - Antarctica
![Page 15: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Corn and southern leaf blight
![Page 16: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Corn and southern leaf blight
![Page 17: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Traditional Peruvian potato varieties
![Page 18: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Terrestrial World Biomes
![Page 19: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Measuring Biodiversity
• When discussing biodiversity, most people talk about species diversity which has two components:
• Species richness - # of species
• Species evenness (heterogeneity) – proportion of individuals in each species
![Page 20: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
A comparison of species diversity in two communities
Community 1A: 25% B: 25% C: 25% D: 25%
Community 2A: 80% B: 5% C: 5% D: 10%
D
C
BA
![Page 21: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Global Plant Biodiversity
a. Plant species per Ecoregion
b. Areas of highest diversity per region
c. Quality of data
![Page 22: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
With Biodiversity We Must Consider:
• Risk of extinction of species
• Endemism – endemic species are found in a particular geographic area
![Page 23: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Endemism – Gray Wolf vs. Coyote
![Page 24: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Local Endemic - Morro Bay Kangaroo Rat
![Page 25: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Home of Morro Bay Kangaroo Rat
![Page 26: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Kirtland’s warbler
![Page 27: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Red-winged blackbird
![Page 28: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Whittaker’s Diversity• alpha diversity is diversity within a habitat - such
as a jack-pine forest• beta diversity is diversity among habitats, usually
measured as change from one habitat to another - such as a jack-pine forest and nearby marsh
• gamma diversity is diversity at a large geographic scale - perhaps all of Michigan or North America
![Page 29: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Species Diversity
![Page 31: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
What is a Species?
Atelopus frog discovered in Suriname, June 2007
![Page 32: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The Biological Species Concept
Species are groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations, which are reproductively isolated from other such groups. - Ernst Mayr
Mayr on right – inNew Guinea 1928
![Page 33: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Brown or Grizzly Bear – Ursus arctos
![Page 34: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Black Bear – Ursus americanus
![Page 35: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Gray wolf – Canis lupus
![Page 36: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Coyote – Canis latrans
![Page 37: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Red wolf – Canis rufus
![Page 38: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Helianthus- sunflowers
![Page 39: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Oak Leaves
![Page 40: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Leaves of Oak Hybrid
![Page 41: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Hawthorns - Crataegus
![Page 42: Development of Conservation Ethics in the U.S.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022013115/568167f5550346895ddd6ee8/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Hawthorns