The Conquest of the Americas North and South America before and after European contact.
CONQUEST IN AMERICA
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Transcript of CONQUEST IN AMERICA
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CONQUEST IN AMERICAAGE OF EXPLORATION
Video
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COLONIZATION IN THE AMERICAS CONQUISTADOR: Spanish
conqueror After Columbus & Magellan… Hernan Cortes (Spain) -
conquistador who arrived in Mexico in 1519, looking for lands to claim & searching for “City of Gold”
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HERNAN CORTES VS
Came across Aztec Empire Greeted by Montezuma
Aztecs thought Spaniards were “iron-clad gods”
Defeated Aztecs (1. Superior weapons, 2. Used enemies to help, 3. Disease)
Tenochtitlan (Aztec capital) became Mexico City
Video
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AZTEC EMPIRE
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FRANCISCO PIZARRO VS
Conquistador who arrived in Inca Empire (Peru) in 1523
Captured Atahualpa for ransom of gold/silver; silver became a HUGE commodity!
Spanish eventually conquered, taking over lands from Ecuador to Chile
Video
Bio. Video
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REASONS FOR CONQUISTADORS’ SUCCESSES
Military: horses, muskets, cannons, armor Division among natives: Aztecs/Incas
had many tribal enemies Oppression/abuse of Native
Americans: forced to work in encomienda system (slave farming)
Disease: new to Native Americans; challenged beliefs
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WHAT HAPPENED TO THE NATIVE AMERICANS?
90% of indigenous population died b/c of enslavement, overwork, or diseases: Smallpox Measles Influenza
Many converted to Christianity by force
Caught in battle between Spain & Portugal
Optional Video
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TREATY OF TORDESILLAS 1494 - Agreement between Spain &
Portugal negotiated by Pope Alexander VI
LINE OF DEMARCATION divides “New World” Portugal gets everything EAST of the line
(Brazil & East Indies) Spain gets everything WEST of the line
(Central America, Caribbean, & most of South America)
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GET OUT YOUR MAP #1!
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SPANISH ECONOMY & SOCIAL CLASSES
Can only import/export with Spain MERCANTILISM: how much gold/silver a country
has ORDER OF SOCIAL CLASS in New Spain:
Peninsulares – born in Spain Creoles – American-born
descendents of Spanish settlers Mestizos – Native & Spanish
descent Mulattoes – Spanish & African
descent Native Americans African slaves
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PORTUGUESE ECONOMY (BRAZIL)
Nobles given land grants; shared profits with king in Portugal
Turned to plantation agriculture (esp. sugar) and livestock raising
5 million + Africans brought into Brazil as slaves
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VIDEO: CONQUISTADORS In Spanish (no subtitles), but gives it an
authentic feel!
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THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE 1500-1600 Great exchange of new foods, plants,
animals, culture, tools, humans, technology, and diseases between the Old World (Europe/Africa) and the New World (America)
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AMERICA BEFORE COLUMBUS VIDEO Optional (time permitting), part 3 of 3.
(30 minutes)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=og9L_jhUID8
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CRASH COURSE VIDEO
The Spanish Empire, Silver, & Runaway Inflation (time permitting)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjhIzemLdos