Appendix D

Some Words and Expressions Used to Connect ldeas

Conjunctions

A conjunction is a word that is used to link sentences,clauses, phrases, or words. Some conjunctions will requirethe use of the subjunctive - in some cases always; in othersonly when there is doubt.

Some common conjunctions are:

*sin que

sinosino que

tan pronto comouna vez quey**ya que

withoutbut. but ratherbut that, but rather thatas soon asonceandsince, seeing that

*a condici6n de que*a fin de que*a menos que*a no ser que

a pesar de quexantes (de) queasf queaun

aun cuandoaunque

cada vez que

como*como si*con tal (de) que

cuandode manera quede modo que

desde que

despu6s de que*en caso de queen cuantohasta que

luego que

mientras*mientras quemientras tantoni... nini siquierao****para que

pero

por miis que

porquepuesto queque

si

siempre que

sin embargo

on condition that, provided thatso that, in order thatunless

unless

in spite ofbeforeas soon aseven, stilleven wheneven if, even though, althougheach time thatos, sinceas tfprovided thatwhenso, so that, in such a way thatso, so that, in such a way thatsinceaJierin case thatas soon as

untilas soon as, afterwhilewhile, so long as, as long asmeanwhileneither.. .nornot even

orso that, in order thatbutno matter how, however muchbecause

since, inasmuch as, seeing thatthatif, whetherwheneve4 provided thatnevertheless, however

*always fbllowed by the subjunctive**when followed by a word that begins with i or hi, use einstead ot y (padre e hijo)'F)F*when followed by a word that begins with o or fto, user.r instead of o (septiembre u octubre)

Connecting words and expressions

The following words and expressions allow you to connectyour thoughts and show the relationship between ditferentparts of a sentence. The lists are by no means exhaustive,but they will help you to connect ideas, to summarize, toemphasize, and so on. Leaming them will enrich yourvocabulary and help you to speak and write more fluently.

1. To begin to introduce an idea, you may use thefollowing:

a partir de

al * infrnitive

al principiocomo punto de

partidaen primer lugarpara empezar

2. To add another idea, or ifyou are telling a story andwant to add the next step or express sequence (ideasthat were taking place before, after, or at the same time),you may use the following:

a la (misma)'vezadem6s

ahora mismoal mismo tiempoantes de * infinitivecon respecto a

beginning withupon (action): .fbr example,

upon learning: al sabe4uPon leaving : al salif etc.

at the beginningus a point of departure

in the first placeto begin

at the same timebesides, furthermoreright nowat the same timebefore (action)with respect to, regarding

Appendix D 283

de antemanode aqui (ahora, hoy)

en adelantedentro de pocohace pocodespuds de *

infinitiveduranteen cuantoen la actualidadentonceshasta el momento,

la fechahoy dfaluegomientrasmientras tantopara continuarprimerotambi6ntampocotan pronto como

v

beforehand, in advance

from now on

shortly, in a short whilea short while agoafter (action)

duringas soon as

presentlythenuntil now

nowadaysthen, Later

whilemeanwhileto continue

Jirstulsoneithen not...eitheras soon as

and

To emphasize, you

a mi parecerademiis

de hechoen otras palabrasen realidades decirhay que tomar en

cuenta que

lo importante es que

lo que importa es que

o sea

sin dudasobre todo

6. To give examples, you

para ilustrarpor ejemplo

1.

a causa de

a tin de cuentas

al final frn y al cabo

al pareceras( que

comocomo consecuenciacomo resultadode todos modosdebido aen conclusi6nen definitiva

en finen resumenen resumidas cuentas

en todo caso

finalmentepara concluirpara resumirpara terminarporpor consiguientepor ese motivopor finpor lo mismopor lo tantoporquepuesto que

ya que

may use the following:

in my opinion

furthe rmo re, in additionin fact, as a matter of factin other wordsttctually, in factthat is to say, in other wordsone must realize (take into

tuccount) thatwhat is important is thatwhat matters is thatthet is to scty, in other wordswithout a doubtabove all

may use the fbllowing:

to illustrate

Jbr example

5.

To draw a conclusion or show cause and effect, youmay use the following:

3. To express a contrasting point of view or to restrictanother one previously expressed, you may use thefbllowing:

a pesar de (que)

aunquecomode lo contrariode ninguna manera

en cambioperopor eUal contrariosin embargosinosino que

asi que

con relaci6n a

con respecto a

conviene indicar/sefralar

de ese modode modo/manera que

en cuanto a

hablando de

no... sino (que)por lo comrinpor lo generalpor otro ladopor un ladotambidn viene al caso

in spite of (the fact that)aLthough

as, in as much as

otherwiseby no means

on the other handhuton the contraryhowever, neverthelessbutbut rather

so, thereforein relation towith respect toit is suitable to indicate/point out

in that way, so

so (that)regard.ing

speaking of, in reference tonot...but ratheras a rule, usuallygenerallyon the other handon the one handit is also to the point

on account of, because ofin the end, t{ter allJinally, at last, in the endin the end, c{ter all

(is said and done)d p pa re nt b), s e e min g L1t

so, thereforebecause

as a consequence

as a result0t any rate, anyhowowing to, because ofin c:onclusion

in conc Lusion, deJinitively,

finullyfinally, in shortin summaryin shortin any case

finallyto concludeto summarizeto endbecause oftherefore

for that reason

Jinallv, at Last

for the same reasont he refo re, c ons e que ntlybecause

since, inasmuch as,

seeing thatsince, seeing that

4. To present different aspects of a topic or to maketransitions, you may use the following:

I

(

(

l((

E

E

E

I\P

T

I1(

D

284 Appendix D