Conditional Clauses (2)
-
Upload
marga-alfonso -
Category
Education
-
view
13.689 -
download
1
description
Transcript of Conditional Clauses (2)
Conditional sentencesWe use conditional sentences to describe how an action or situation affects its result.
Second ConditionalFirs
t Conditio
nal
First C
onditional
Third
Condition
al
3 Types of Conditionals
Conditional sentences contain an if-clause and a main clause.
If I have enough money,conditional clause
Examples :
I will go to US. main clause
I will go to U.S. main clause
if I have enough money. conditional clause
Conditional clause , main clause.
a. If you help me with the dishes (if + pres) , I will help you with your homework.
(will + inf)
b. If ice is heated, it melts. (Pres. tense).
c. If you see Mr. Tung tonight, tell him I am ill. (imperative).
1. If + Present Tense will +inf / present tense / imperative
We do not normally use will or would in the conditional clause, only in the main clause.
2. If + Past Tense 2. If + Past Tense
3. If + Past Perfect Tense3. If + Past Perfect Tense
would + infinitive would + infinitive
would have + past participle would have + past participle
e.g. If I knew her name, I would tell you.
e.g. If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a new house.
Uses of the conditional
First conditional
a. Nature: Open condition, what is said in the condition is possible.
b. Time: This condition refers either to present or to future time.
e.g. If the cinema is full, we will go to a restaurant.
e.g. If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home and
watch TV.
Second conditional
a.Nature: unreal (impossible) or improbable situations.
b. Time: for present unreal events, we put the verb in the condition clause one step back — into the past:
e.g. If I were you, I would tell my father.
If I became president, I would change the medical care policy. (Said by a schoolboy: improbable)
Compare:If I become president, I will change the medical care policy. (Said by a presidential candidate)
Third conditional a. Nature: unreal
b. Time: for past unreal events — things that didn't happen, but we can imagine — we put the verb in the condition clause a further step back — into the past perfect
e.g. If I had studied hard for the exam, I would have passed
it easily. (But in fact, you did’t study hard.)
For the second conditional, were replaces was
If I were a rich man, I would stop working as a clerk.
If I were to lose my job, I wouldn't be able to pay for my dream car.
Instead of if not, we can use unless.
“ if ” + negative action = “unless” + positive action
The meaning of both sentences is the same, but the actionafter ‘unless’ (close) is the opposite of the action after ‘if’ (don’t close).
Compare:Your bird will fly away if you don’t close the window.
Your bird will fly away unless you close the window.