Concise Study Guide to Fasting the Month of Ramaḍān

8/4/2019 Concise Study Guide to Fasting the Month of Raman

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EMBODY ISLAM 1432AH/2011

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A Concise Study Guide toFast ing During the Month of

Ramad an (1 s t Edit ion)

TakenfromtheworksofthegreatscholarsMuammadb.Badr

al-DnBalbn[d.1083AH],mayAllhhavemercyonhim,andDr.lib.Fawznal-Fawzn,mayAllhprotecthim

RenderedintotheEnglishlanguagebyAbdamJamlFinch


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[TableofContents]

CoverPage............................1

TableofContents......................2AnIntroductiontotheStudyGuide........3

AnImportantPrincipleofSeekingKnowledge..........................4

AbouttheBook.5

AbouttheAuthor......................5

TheRulingonFastingtheMonthofRaman.6

ConditionsfortheObligationofFasting........................6

WhenDoestheMonthofRamanEnter.........................7

AstrologicalCalculationsareanInnovation.7TheCorrectCreedisWhatWillUniteThisNation.........................8

ClarificationofWhoMustRefrainfromEatingintheMiddleoftheDay

DuringRaman.......................8ThoseWhoareExcusedfromFasting9

TheEaseofIslm....................12

TheRulingoftheIntentiontoFastDuringRaman....12

ThingsthatBreaktheFastandTheirCategories...........................13

ThingsthatBreakOnesFastbyEnteringtheBody.........................14ThingsthatBreakOnesFastbyExitingtheBody.........................15

ConditionsforActuallyBreakingOnesFast................................17

ThatWhichBreakstheFastandRequiresaKaffrah(i.e.expiation)]...........................18

TheRulingfortheWomanPertainingtoIntercourse.............................................................19

ThekaffrahMustbeDoneinOrder,notbyChoice......20

ItisPermissibletoTasteFood...........20

KissingWhileFasting......................20

ActionsthatDecreasefromOnesRewardofFasting..............21

BreakingOnesFastQuickly.....22

ASupplicationforBreakingFast....23

DelayingthePre-DawnMeal............23

RulingsforMakingupDays...24


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[AnIntroductiontotheStudyGuide]

Beforethereaderarebriefandconcisenotesfromafour-dayseminarthatwas

conductedatMasjidMuqbilIbnHdal-Wdi[d.1422AH]inPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania1onthetopicofFiqhRulingsofRaman.

Thebookthatwasusedistitled:Akharal-Mukhtairt,translatedtomean:The

MostConciseSummary[onFiqhRulings].2ThebookwaswrittenbyImm

Muammadb.Badral-DnBalbn[d.1083AH].Duringtheseminar,thisconcisebookwascoupledwithpartsofitsexplanationbythegreat,contemporary,elderscholar,Dr.lib.Fawznal-Fawzn3,mayAllhprotecthim.

Whenreadingthestudyguide,thatwhichisprecededbyabulletpointisthespeech

oftheauthorofAkharal-Mukhtairt,Muammadb.Badral-DnBalbn,andotherthanthatisthespeechofDr.lib.Fawznal-Fawzn.Thatwhichisfromthe

translatorisproceededby[TN],translatorsnotes.

Finally,thisstudyguideisnotmeanttobeacomprehensiveguidetothefiqhof

fasting.Rather,itismeanttobeasbriefandconciseaspossible.Therefore,differing

betweenthescholarsofIslmwillnotbementioned,anditisnotfar-fetchedthat

thereadermayreadorheardifferentopinionsotherthanthosementionedinthis

studyguide.

WeaskAllh,theExalted,tomakethiseffortsolelyforHim.AndmayHe,theAll

Able,makeitofbenefittoitscompilerandtothosewhoreadit.AndmayAllhspeaceandblessingsbeuponHislastMessenger,al-Muaf,Muammadb.Abdillh.

Writtenby:

AbdamJamlFinch

Ummal-QurUniversity,Makkah,K.S.A,CollegeofSharc ah

Philadelphia,PA.WestOakLane

25thofShabn,1432AH/July23,2011

1MayAllhblessthoseinchargeoftheMasjidforhavinggoodthoughtsofthelecturerandforallowingtheseminartotakeplace.

2[TN]:Duringtheseminar,everyissueinthechapteroffastingwasnotstudied3[TN]:AmemberofThePermanentCommitteeofScholarsofSaudiArabia


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[AnImportantPrincipleofSeekingKnowledge]

[TN]:Muammadb.Srnal-Bar[d.110AH]4,mayAllhhavemercyonhim,said:

Indeedthisreligionisbaseduponknowledge.So,examinethoroughlyfrom

whomyoutakeyourknowledge.5

ShaykhAmadBzml6,mayAllhprotecthim,saidaboutthisstatement:

Thisisafamousstatement.Thepeopleofknowledgedeemittobe

oneofthemostimportantprinciplesforthestudentofIslamic

knowledge[toabideby].Rather,theydeemittobeoneofthemost

importantprinciplesofIslm.

Thisisbecausethisprincipleclarifiesanddistinguishesfromwhom

knowledgeistobetakenfrom,andfromwhomknowledgeisnottobe

takenfrom.7

Withthatbeingsaid,wefeltthatitisveryimportanttomentionafewbriefwords

abouttheauthorofthebookthatwillbestudiedandthebookitself,inshAllh.

4[TN]:Muammadb.Srn[d.110AH]wasthefreedslaveofAnasb.Mlik[d.92/93AH],theservantoftheMessengerofAllh,prayersandpeaceuponhim.[AmadBzmls,SummaryoftheExplanationofIbnSrnsStatement,pg.17]5[TN]:SeeDr.AmadBzmlsexplanationofthisstatementforafulldiscussiononitschainofnarration.

6[TN]:AscholarandteacheratUmmal-QurUniversityinMakkah,K.S.A7AmadBzml,TheSummaryoftheExplanationofIbnSrnsStatement,6


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[AbouttheBook]

ShaykhMuammadal-Subayyl8,mayAllhprotecthim,said:

Indeed,thebookAkharal-MukhtairtwhichdiscussesthefiqhofImmAmadb.anbal[d.241AH],mayAllhhavemercyonhim,by

thegreatscholar,Muammadb.Badral-DnBalbn[d.1083AH]is

fromthereliedupontexts[infiqh]

Theauthordesiredtomakestudyingfiqheasyforthebeginner.So,

theresultwasabookthatreadssmoothly,itsmeaningsareclearand

itsarrangementissuperb.Thisbookalsocontainsthemostimportant

issues[offiqh].9

[AbouttheAuthor]

ShaykhAbdur-Ramnal-Dimishq,mayAllhhavemercyonhim,said:

Hewasalearnedmanandapillar[ofknowledge].Hewasoneofa

kindinhisdaysandtime.HewasShaykhal-Islm.Hewasthe

adornmentofthosescholarswhoactedupontheirknowledge.Hewas

apillarwhenitcametoestablishingthecorrectopinionsonissues.

Andhewastheessenceofprecision:Muammadb.Badral-Dnb.

Balbnal-anbal[d.1083AH].10

8[TN]:TheHeadofAffairsatMasjidal-arminMakkahandal-Madnah,lecturer

andsermongivertherein.

9IbnBadrn,FootnotesonAkharal-Mukhtairt,1110Ibid,pg.97


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[TheStudyGuide]

[TheRulingonFastingduringtheMonthofRaman]

ItisobligatorytofastthemonthofRaman.11

Shaykhlial-Fawzn,mayAllhprotecthim,explained:Allh,theMostHigh,

says:OYouwhobelievefastinghasbeenmadeobligatoryuponyoujustasit

wasmadeobligatoryuponthosewhocamebeforeyou.12/13

[ConditionsfortheObligationofFasting]

OnemustfulfillfourconditionsbeforeRamanbecomesobligatoryuponhimorher:14

1. OnemustbeMuslim2. Onemustbeofsoundmind3. Onemustbeanadult154. Onemustbeabletofast

11Muammadb.Badral-DnBalbn,Akharal-Mukhtairt,16112Srahal-Baqarah(2):183

13lial-Fawzn,AnExplanationofAkharal-Mukhtairt,vol.2/pp.60-6114Muammadb.Badral-DnBalbn,Akharal-Mukhtairt,16115[TN]:AMuslimreachesadulthoodbyoneoffourmatters:growingpubichair,

beingemittingsperm,reachingtheageof15orhavingamenstrualcycle.


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[WhenDoestheMonthofRamanEnter]

Ramanentersbyoneoftwoways:16

1. Bysightingthecrescent2. BycompletingthirtydaysofShabn

Shaykhlial-Fawzn,mayAllhprotecthim,explained:

TheMessengerofAllh,prayersandpeaceupon,said:Beginfastingwhenyou

sightthemoonandendfastingwhenyousightthemoon.Andifyouareunable

tosightit,completethemonthofShabnthirtydays.17

[AstrologicalCalculationsareanInnovation]

Shaykhlial-Fawzn,mayAllhprotecthim,explained:Thosewhoseektobegin

fastingthemonthofRamanbyusingastrologicalcalculationshaveaddedand

innovatedintothereligionthatwhichAllhandMessenger ,prayersandpeaceupon

him,didnotcommanduswith[inthisadth].18

16Muammadb.Badral-DnBalbn,Akharal-Mukhtairt,16117al-BukhrandMuslim18lial-Fawzn,AnExplanationofAkharal-Mukhtasirt,vol.2/pp.60-61


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[TheCorrectCreedisWhatWillUniteThisNation]


PeopletrytoobligealloftheMuslimstobegintheirfastsatone

time.However,theyfailtorealizethatthisactionoftheirsisnotthe

keytounitingtheMuslims.Rather,thatwhichwillunitetheMuslims

isadheringtothecorrectcreedbasedupontheQur n,theSunnah

upontheinterpretationsofthepiouspredecessors(i.e.al-Salafal-

li)

ImmMlikb.Anas[d.179AH],mayAllhhavemercyonhim,said:

Thelatterofthisnationwillnotberectifiedexceptbythatwhich

rectifiedthebeginningofthisnation.19

[ClarificationofWhoMustRefrainfromEatingintheMiddleof

theDayDuringRaman]

Iffastingbecomesobligatory[forsomeone]duringthemiddleofthedayinRaman20,or,ifatravellerreturnshomewhileheisntfasting,or,ifa

menstruatingwomanbecomespureduringthedayinRaman,theymustmake

thatdayupandrefrainfromeatingtheremainderoftheday.21

19lial-Fawzn,AnExplanationofAkharal-Mukhtairt,vol.2/pg.6220Examplesofthisare:someoneacceptingIslm,achildbecomingandadult,a[womanbecomingpurefromhermenses],ortheonewhoisinsanebecoming

saneduringthecourseofthedayinRaman.[IbnBadrn,FootnotesonAkhsaral-Mukhtairt,pg.162andIbnal-Uthaymn,Sharal-Mumti,vol.6/pg334.21Muammadb.Badral-DnBalbn,Akharal-Mukhtairt,161


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Thetraveller,themenstruatingwoman,thechild,orotherthanthem,

iftheir[Islamicallylegislated]excuse[fornotfasting]becomesnon-

existentduringthedayinRaman,theymustrefrainfromeatingthe

restofthedayandmakethatdayup.

Thereasontheymustmakethatdayupisbecausetheydidnotrefrain

fromeatingthewholeoftheday,andthereasontheymustrefrain

fromeatingisoutofrespectforthemonthofRaman.22

[ThoseWhoareExcusedfromFasting]

Whoeverbreakshisfastduetooldageoranillnessthatthereisknowknowncurefor,andheisunabletofast,hemustfeedaneedy

personforeverydaythathedoesnotfast.

Anditisrecommendedforthetraveller,whoisshorteninghisprayer,andthesick,whoarebothfacinghardship,tobreaktheir

fasts.

Andifapregnantwomanorbreast-feedingwomanbreaksherfastbecausesheisafraidofharmingherself,thenshemustmakethatday

up.

22lial-Fawzn,AnExplanationofAkhsaral-Mukhtairt,vol.2/pg.66


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Andifthepregnantorbreastfeedingwomanbreaksherfastbecausesheisafraidofharmingherfetuschild,thentheymustmakeupthe

day,andhewhoisresponsibleforthechildmustfeedaneedyperson

onherbehalf.23

Shaykhlial-Fawzn,mayAllhprotecthim,explained:Asitrelatesto

peopleandexcuseswhenfasting,thentherearefivecategories:

1. TheHealthyResident:Hisrulingisthathemustfastonthatday.

2. TheSickandtheTraveller:Theirrulingisthatitispermissibleforthemtobreaktheirfasts,andtheymustmakeupeachdaythatthey

doenotfast.Allh,theMostHigh,says:Andwhoeverisillorona

journey,hemustmakeuptheexactnumberofdaysfromother

days.24

3. TheElderlyManandTheChronicallyIllwhoseillnessthereisknowknowncurefor,andtheyarebothunabletofast:Theirrulingisthat

theydonothavetofast,nordotheyhavetomaketheirdaysup.

However,theymustfeedaneedypersonforeverydaytheydonot

fast.Allh,TheMostHigh,says:Asforthosewhocanfast(i.e.with

difficulty),theyhavetofeedaneedyperson.25/26

23Muammadb.Badral-DnBalbn,Akharal-Mukhtairt,16224Srahal-Baqarah(2):18525Srahal-Baqarah(2):184

26IbnAbbs[d.68AH],mayAllhbepleasedwithhim,saidaboutthisverse:This

verseispertainingtotheelderlywhoareunabletofast,sotheyfeedaneedypersonforeachdaytheydonotfast.[al-Bukhr]


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4. TheMenstruatingWomanandtheWomanwithPostpartumBleeding:Theirrulingisthattheymustmakethatdayup,andthatit

isincorrectforthemtofast.

5. ThePregnantWomanandtheBreastfeedingWoman:Therulingforthemisthattheymaypossiblyhavetobreaktheirfastinorderto

repelharmtoeitherthemotherorthechild.Therefore,iftheybreak

theirfastbecause:

1. Theyareafraidofharmingthemselves(i.e.theyarenotworriedaboutthewell-beingofthefetusorthechild)thenitisuponthemtomake

upthatdayuponly.Thisisbecausetherulingofthesickperson

appliestothem.

Or:

2. Theyareafraidofharmingtheirfetusorchild[byfasting](i.e.they

arenotworriedaboutthehealthofthemselves),thenitisuponthem

todotwothings:makeupthatdayandfeedaneedypersonforevery

daythattheydononotfast,andthisistheverdictgivenbysomeof

thecompanions.

Andthefeedingoftheneedypersonistheresponsibilityofhewhois

responsibleforprovidingforthefetusorbreastfeedingbaby.27

27lial-Fawzn,AnExplanationofAkharal-Mukhtairt,vol.2/pp.66,67&69


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[TheEaseofIslm]


Ifthetravellerorthesickpersonfasts,theirfastsarecorrect.

However,itisbetter,iftheirfastsaredifficultforthem,totakethe

Islamicconcessionthathasbeenaffordedtothem.Allh,theMost

High,says:Andwhoeverisilloronajourney,hemustmakeup

theexactnumberofdaysfromotherdays.Allhdesireseasefor

youandHedoesnotdesirehardshipforyou.28

Themeaningofeaseinthisverseistakingtheconcession(i.e.the

allowanceofbreakingfast),andthemeaningofhardshipisapplying

theoriginalruling(i.e.fasting).29

[TheRulingoftheIntentiontoFastDuringRaman]

Anobligatoryfastisincorrectunlessaccompaniedbytheintentionmadeinanypartofthe[previous]night30


Theintentionforallobligatoryfastsmustbemadeatnight.Thisis

whetherthefastisbeingperformedonitsoriginalday,beingmade

up,anexpiation,or[afastthathasbecomeobligatorybecauseof]a

vow.

28Srahal-Baqarah(2):185

29Slial-Fawzn,AnExplanationofAkharal-Mukhtasirt,vol.2/pg.6630Muammadb.Badral-DnBalbn,Akharal-Mukhtairt,162


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TheMessengerofAllh,prayersandpeaceupon,himsaid:Whoever

doesnotmakehisintentiontofast,atnight,beforefajr,then

thereisnofastforhim.31

So,ifonemakestheintentiontofastbeforefajrthenhisfastiscorrect

becauseheactualizedhisintentionatnight.32/33

[ThingsthatBreaktheFastandTheirCategories]

[Whoeverentersanythingintohisstomachorthroathasbrokenhisfast]34

Whoeverforceshimselftovomit,orejaculatesduetomasturbation,touchingtheirspouse,orrepeatedlylooking[attheoppositesex]theyhavebrokentheir

fast.Andwhoeverintendstobreaktheirfast,orperformscupping,oriscupped,

theyhavebrokentheirfast35

31AuthenticatedbyImmal-Albn.Seeal-Irw:4/25.

32[TN]:Thetimeframeforonetomakeintentiontofastbeginsatmaghribandends

atfajr.33Slial-Fawzn,AnExplanationofAkhharal-Mukhtasirt,vol.2/pg.7134[TN]:Summarized35Muammadb.Badral-DnBalbn,Akharal-Mukhtairt,163


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ShaykhSlial-Fawzn,mayAllhprotecthim,explained:

Thingsthatbreakonesfastarecategories:

1. Thatwhichbreaksonesfastandonemustmakeupthedayonly2. Thatwhichbreaksonesfastandonemustmakethedayupandperforma

kaffarah(i.e.expiation)36

Thingsthatbreakonesfastareothercategoriesaswell:

1. Thatwhichbreaksthefastbyenteringthebody2. Thatwhichbreaksthefastbyexitingthebody37

[ThingsthatBreakOnesFastbyEnteringtheBody]


[Afastingperson]mustrefrainfromfoodanddrink.Heorshealso

mustrefrainfromthatwhichislikefoodanddrink.Heorshemust

refrainfromthatwhichentersthestomachorthroat...

Andwhatismeantbythosethingsthataresimilartofoodanddrink

arenutritionalneedlesandivies.38

36[TN]:al-Immal-ajjw[d.968AH],mayAllhhavemercyonhim,said:Nothingobligatesakaffrah(i.e.expiation)exceptintercourseduringthedaysofRaman.[SeeZdal-Mustaqni,pg.152]

37lial-Fawzn,AnExplanationofAkharal-Mukhtasirt,vol.2/pp.7238lial-Fawzn,AnExplanationofAkharal-Mukhtasirt,vol.2/pp.72-73


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[ThingsthatBreakOnesFastbyExitingtheBody]


Thatwhichbreaksonesfastthatexitsthebodyiswhatfollows:

1. CausingOnesSelftoVomit:TheMessengerofAllh,prayersandpeaceuponhim,said:Whoeverisovercomebyvomit,thenhedoesnthaveto

makethatdayup,andwhoevercauseshimselftovomitmustmakethat

dayup.39

2. Masturbation:TheMessengerofAllh,prayersandpeaceuponhim,said:Myslavehasleftofhisfood,hisdrinkandhisdesiresforme.40

3. TouchinginaMannerWhichisLesserthanIntercourseandEjaculatingasaResult

4. RepeatingLookingatWomenUntilOneEjaculates:Ifspermexits,withdesire,fromamanbecauseofhimrepeatedlylookingatwomen,touchinga

womanormasturbating,hisfastbecomesvoid.Hisfastisnullandvoid

becausehehasdonethesethingsbychoiceandejaculatedasresult.

ItisobligatoryfortheMuslimtolowerhisglaze.Allh,theMostHigh,says:Andsay(OMuammad)tothebelievers:Loweryourgazesandguardyourprivateparts.41

39AuthenticatedbyImmal-Albn.Seeal-Irw:4/51-52.

40al-BukhriandMuslim41Srahal-Nr(24):30


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Thisverseisgeneral,pertainingtoRamanandotherthanRaman.

However,duringthemonthofRamanitdeservestobestressedeven

more42

5. IntendingtoBreakYourFast:Ifapersonintendstobreakhisfastbycuttingofhisintentiontofast,hisfastbecomesvoid.Thisisbecauseitisa

mustthathisintentioniscontinuousthrough-outtheentireday,everyday.

So,ifhecutsoffhisintention,hehasbrokenhisfast.

TheMessenger,prayersandpeaceuponhim,said:Verilyactionsare

correctorincorrectduetointentions,andeverypersonshallhavewhat

theyintended.43

6. CuppingorBeingCupped:CuppingisaPropheticmedicine.[Thefiqhrulingon]cuppingorbeingcuppedisthattheybreaksonesfast.TheMessengerof

Allh,prayersandpeaceuponhim,said:Thecupperandthecuppedhave

bothbrokentheirfasts.44

Similartocuppingistheonewhohasblooddrawnforanemergencyorfora

bloodbank.Asforbloodthatexitsfromthebodywithoutoneschoice,this

hasnoeffectononesfast.

7. IfWaterfromInhalingintotheNoseEntersintotheThroat:Ifoneforcefullyinhaleswaterthruhisnose[duringwu]anditentershisthroat,

hisfastisbroken.Thisisbecausehewasthecauseofwaterenteringhis

throat.

42lial-Fawzn,AnExplanationofAkharal-Mukhtairt,vol.2/pg.7543al-BukhrandMuslim44AuthenticatedbyImmal-Albn.Seeal-Irw:4/65.


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TheMessengerofAllh,prayersandpeaceuponhim,said:Inhalewater

throughyournosesforcefully[duringwu],exceptifyouare

fasting.45/46

[ConditionsforActuallyBreakingOnesFast]

Shaykhlial-Fawzn,mayAllhprotecthim,explained:[Thethingsthatbreak

onesfastmustbedone]:

1. Purposely:TheMessengerofAllh,prayersandpeaceuponhim,said:Whoevereatsforgetfully,andheisfasting,lethimfinishhisfast.

Indeed,AllhistheOnewhoprovidedhimwith[that]foodanddrink.47

2. ByChoice:TheMessengerofAllh,prayersandpeaceuponhim,said:Allhhadindeedpardonedmynationforthatwhichtheyareforcedtodo.48

3. Consciously:Allh,theMostHigh,says:OourLord,donotholdusaccountableifweforgetormakeamistake.49/50

45AuthenticatedbyImmal-Albn.Seeal-Mishk,pg.405.46lial-Fawzn,AnExplanationofAkharal-Mukhtairt,vol.2/pg.7747al-BukhrandMuslim48AuthenticatedbyImmal-Albn.Seeal-Irw:1/123.

49Srahal-Baqarah(2):28650lial-Fawzn,AnExplanationofAkharal-Mukhtairt,vol.2/pg.77


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[ThatWhichBreakstheFastandRequiresaKaffrah(i.e.expiation)]

AndwhoeverhasintercourseduringthedaysofRaman,otherthanhewhohasshabaq51,thenhemustmakethatdayupandperformthekaffrah(i.e.

expiation)52


Ifamanhasintercoursewithiswife,regardlessifheejaculatesornot,

evenifhe[only]entershisprivateintohisherprivate,hisfastis

ruined,anditisuponhimtomakethatdayupandperformthe

kaffrah.Thisisbecausethisaction(i.e.merepenetration)isconsideredintercourse[aswell].

Intercourse,eatinganddrinkinghaveallbeenmadepermissible

duringthenightsofRamanonly.Allh,theMostHigh,says:Ithas

beenmadepermissibleforyoutohavesexualrelationswithyour

wivesduringthenights[ofRaman].53

AmancametotheProphetprayersandpeaceuponhim,said,Iam

doomed,OMessengerofAllh!He,prayersandpeaceuponhim,said:

Whyareyoudoomed?Hesaid:Ihadintercoursewithmywife

(duringtheday)inRaman.Hesaid,Canyoufreeaslave?Hesaid:

No.Hesaid:Canyoufastfortwoconsecutivemonths?Hesaid,No.

Hesaid:Canyoufeedsixtypoorpersons?Hesaid,No.

51ShaykhFawznmentionsthat:Shabaqisadiseasewhereinanexcessiveamountofspermgathersinthetesticles,andifthepersondoesnthaveintercourse,histesticleswillexplode.Ibid,vol.2/79

52Muammadb.Badral-DnBalbn,Akharal-Mukhtairt,16353Srahal-Baqarah(2):187


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TheProphetprayersandpeaceuponhim,fellsilent.Whilstwewere

(sitting)likethat,theProphetprayersandpeaceuponhim,was

broughtacontainerofdates.Hesaid:Whereistheonewhowas

asking?Themansaid,I(amhere).Hesaid,Taketheseandgive

themincharity.Themansaid:WhoispoorerthanI,OMessengerofAllh?Thereisnohouseholdbetweenthetwolavafields(i.e.,inal-

Madnah)thatispoorerthanmyhousehold.TheProphet,prayersand

peaceuponhim,smileduntilhisbackteethcouldbeseen,thenhe

said:Feedittoyourfamily.54

Thishadthshowsthatintercourseruinsonesfastandobligatesthe

kaffrah.

Asforhewhohasshabaq(seefootnote#51),itispermissibleforhim

tohaveintercourse,andthereisnothinguponhimexcepttomakeup

thatday.

[TheRulingfortheWomanPertainingtoIntercourse]


Asforthewomanwhohasintercourse,ifsheisawareoftheruling

andstillagreestointercourse,thenthesamerulingofmakingupthat

dayandkaffrahapplytoherjustliketheman.However,ifsheis

forced,[shedoesnotmakethatdayup]55nordoesshehaveto

performakaffrah.56

54al-BukhrandMuslim55ShaykhUthaymn,Sharhal-Mumti,vol.6/pg.4456lial-Fawzn,AnExplanationofAkharal-Mukhtairt,vol.2/pg.79


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[ThekaffrahMustbeDoneinOrder,notbyChoice]


Thekaffrahmustbedoneinorder:so,onemustfreeaslave,then,ifheisunable,

hemustfasttwoconsecutivemonths,then,ifheisunable,hemustfeedsixtypoor

people.57

[ItisPermissibletoTasteFood]

Shaykhlial-Fawzn,mayAllhprotecthim,explained:Itispermissibletotaste

foodaslongasonedoesnotswallowit.Ifthetasteentershisthroat,hisfastis

broken.58

[KissingWhileFasting]


Itisdislikedtokissandthatwhichissimilartoitduringthedaysof

Ramanbecauseitcouldleadtointercourse.Asforhewhoisableto

controlhisdesiressuchasanolderman,whosedesiresarentintense,

itispermissibleforhimtokissandthatwhichissimilartoitduring

Raman.ThisisbecausetheMessengerofAllh,prayersandpeace

uponhim,usedtokisshiswiveswhilehewasfasting59duetothefact

thathewasabletocontrolhisdesires.

57Ibid,8058lial-Fawzn,AnExplanationofAkharal-Mukhtairt,vol.2/pg.7759ishah,mayAllhbepleasedwithher,said:TheProphet,prayersandpeaceuponhim,usedtokissandtouchhiswiveswhilehewasfasting.[al-Bukharand

Muslim]


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Sothis[actionoftheProphet,prayersandpeaceuponhim,]shows

thathewhocancontrolhimselfmaykisshiswifewhileheisfasting.

Asforhewhocantcontrolhisdesires,kissingisdislikedforhim

becauseitmayleadtothatwhichmaybreakhisfast.

Asforhewhobelieveshewillejaculateduetokissing,kissingis

impermissibleforhim...60

[ActionsthatDecreasefromOnesRewardofFasting]

Anditisextremelyimpermissibletolie,backbite,tale-carryanduseverbalabuse[duringRaman].61


Thefastingpersonabstainsfromthedesiresofthestomachandthe

privates.Healsostaysawayfromthedesiresofthetongue,suchas

backbiting,tale-carrying,lyingandformsofverbalabusesuchas

cursingpeople,their[parents],findingfaultwithpeopleandbelittling

people.

TheMessengerofAllh,prayersandpeaceuponhim,said:When

oneofyouwakesupinthemorningthenhemustnotactfoulor

indecent.Ifapersonverballyassaultsyouortriestofightyou,

say[tohim]:Iamfasting.Iamfasting.62Inotherwords,Iamnot

goingtorespondtoyoubecausethefactthatIamfastingpreventsme

fromdoingso.63

60lial-Fawzn,AnExplanationofAkharal-Mukhtairt,vol.2/pg.8261Muammadb.Badral-DnBalbn,Akharal-Mukhtairt,16362al-BukhriandMuslim63lial-Fawzn,AnExplanationofAkharal-Mukhtairt,vol.2/pg.83


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[BreakingOnesFastQuickly]

Anditisrecommendedtobreakfastquickly.64

Al-Allmahlial-Fawzn,mayAllhprotecthim,explained:Itissunnahtohastentobreakonesfastoncethesunhassetdueto

thestatementofAllh,theMostHigh,'Thencompletethefastuntil

thenight.'65;thenightbeginswhenthesunsets.Therefore,whenitis

realizedthatthesunhasset,or[when]oneoverwhelminglybelieves

thatthesunhasset,thisiswhenhebreakshisfast.

TheMessengerofAllah,prayersandpeaceuponhim,alsosaid:

'[When]thesunsets,oneshouldbreakfast.'66.AlsoinHadthal-

Quds,'Themostbelovedofmyslavestomearethosewhobreak

theirfaststhequickest.'67/68

Theproofsandevidencesofbreakingone'sfastquicklyarein[total]

oppositiontoinnovatorswhoprolongbreakingthefastuntilthestars

appear.69

64Muammadb.Badral-DnBalbn,Akharal-Mukhtairt,16465Srahal-Baqarah(2):18766al-Bukhr

67Describedasweak(a'f)byShaykhal-Albaninal-Tirmith[#700].68[TN]: OntheauthorityofSahlb.S'ad,mayAllhbepleasedwithhim:"The

MessengerofAllh,prayersandpeaceuponhim,said:'Peoplewillremainupongoodaslongastheybreaktheirfastsquickly.'"[al-Bukhr]

69Dr.lhal-Fawzn,AnExplanationofAkharal-Mukhtairt,vol.2/pg.84


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[ASupplicationforBreakingFast]

Itisrecommendedtosaywhathasbeenconveyedwhenbreakingfast.70

Al-Allmahlial-Fawzn,mayAllhprotecthim,explained:

Forexample,oneofthesupplicationsthathavebeenconveyedtousis:the

supplicationoftheMessengerofAllh:Thethirsthasgone,theveinsaremoist,

andtherewardisobtained,inshAllh.71

[DelayingthePre-DawnMeal]

Anditisrecommendedtodelaythepre-dawnmeal.72Al-Allmahlial-Fawzn,mayAllhprotecthim,explained:

ItisfromProphetictraditiontodelaythepre-dawnmealuntilalittle

beforefajrprayerThereisa[hadth]thatmentionsthatMessengerofAllh,prayersandpeaceuponhim,usedtodelaythepre-dawn

meal.

So,itwasaskedtothenarratorofthehadth:Whatwasthelengthof

timebetweenwhentheProphetstoppedeating[thepre-dawn]meal

andtheestablishmentoffajrprayer.Thenarratorofthehadthsaid:

Betweenthetimehe,prayersandpeaceuponhim,refrainedfrom

eatingandtheestablishmentprayerwastheamountoftimeittakes

toreadfiftyversesfromtheQurn.

70Muammadb.Badral-DnBalbn,Akharal-Mukhtairt,16471CollectedbyAbDawd72Muammadb.Badral-DnBalbn,Akharal-Mukhtairt,164


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Asforthosewhobegintheirfastsfromthemiddleofthenight,or

beforefajrprayer,bystuffingthemselvesthengoingtosleep,

consequentlynotawakingforfajrprayerbecausehedoesntwantto

interrupthissleep,thisactionofhisisagainstProphetictradition.

He[windsup]leavingofffajrprayerandprayerincongregation.The

personwhodoesthishasincurredmanygreatsins.Thispersonmay

evendelayfajruntilitspropertimehasexited,causingittobe

unacceptedfromhim.73

[RulingsforMakingUpDays]

Itisrecommendedtomakemisseddaysupimmediatelyandconsecutively.74

Al-Allmahlial-Fawzn,mayAllhprotecthim,explained:IfitisuponapersontomakeupdaysfromRaman,lethim

rushtomakethesedayup,andlethimmakethemup

consecutively.Hedoesthisinordertofreehimselfofthe

responsibilityofmakingthesedaysup,andinordertorushtofulfillthatwhichisobligatoryuponhim.

Itisalsopermissibletodelaymakingthesedaysaslongasitis

donebeforethenextRaman.isha,mayAllhbepleased

withher,usedtohavetomakeupdays,andshedidntmake

themupuntilthemonthofShabnduetoherstatuswiththe

MessengerofAllh,prayersandpeaceuponhim75.

73lial-Fawzn,AnExplanationofAkharal-Mukhtairt,vol.2/pg.8574Muammadb.Badral-DnBalbn,Akharal-Mukhtairt,16475Ontheauthorityofisha:IusedtohavetomakeupfastsfromRaman,butIwasntabletomakethemupuntilShabn.[al-BukhrandMuslim]


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So,thisshowsthatitispermissibletodelaymakingupmissed

days,especiallyifonehasaneedto.76

ItisbyAllhsgracethatrighteousactionsarecompleted.And

thelastofmysupplicationsisthatallpraiseisduetotheLordof

theCreation.77

AndmayAllh,theMostHigh,immenselyrewardallwhoaidedintryingtoensuretheaccuracyofthisproject.

Completedby:

AbdamJamlFinch

Ummal-QurUniversity,Makkah,K.S.A,CollegeofSharc ahPhiladelphia,PA.WestOakLane

30thofShabn,1432AH/July31,2011

76lial-Fawzn,AnExplanationofAkharal-Mukhtairt,vol.2/pg.8677Weaskthenoblereadertopleaseexcuseanymistakesfoundinthestudyguide.

DuetotherapidapproachofRaman,itwascompiledmuchquickerthanwewouldhaveliked.Allsuggestionsandcorrectionscanbesentto:

[email protected]

Concise Study Guide to Fasting the Month of Ramaḍān

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Transcript of Concise Study Guide to Fasting the Month of Ramaḍān