CONCEPT OF NURSING Promoting Healthy Physiologic Responses Body Mechanics Activity and Exercise.
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Transcript of CONCEPT OF NURSING Promoting Healthy Physiologic Responses Body Mechanics Activity and Exercise.
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CONCEPT OF NURSINGCONCEPT OF NURSING
Promoting Healthy Physiologic ResponsesPromoting Healthy Physiologic Responses
Body Mechanics
Activity and Exercise
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Activity and Exercise
Activity-exercise pattern: Refers to a person’s routine of exercise, activity, leisure and recreation needs for rest and mobility.
Exercise: A type of physical activity involving the muscles performed to maintain or improve physical fitness.
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Types of exercise:
Isotonic (dynamic) exercises: Muscle shortens to produce contraction and active
movement .e.g. running, walking, swimming, cycling) * Advantages: 1- Increase muscle tone, mass, strength. 2- Maintain joint flexibility and circulation.
Isometric (static or setting) exercises: There is muscle contraction without moving the joint
* useful for strengthening abdominal, gluteal muscles) * No change in muscle length * No joint movement * Maintaining strength in immobilized muscle
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Types of exercise:
Isokinetic (resistive) exercises: It involves muscle contraction or tension against
resistance, can be either isotonic and isometric. These exercises are used in physical conditioning &
are often done to build up certain muscle groups.
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Benefits of exercise on body system
Musculoskeletal System: * Increase and maintain muscle tone, size, shape
* Increase joint mobility, flexibility, and range of motion. * Maintain bone density & strength.
Cardiovascular System: *Improve cardiovascular function, by increasing cardiac
output and strength of heart muscle contraction.
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Benefits of exercise on body system
Respiratory System: *Improves gas exchange by increasing the ventilation
& oxygenation.
GI tract System:
*Improve appetite, digestion and elimination.
Metabolic System: *Increase metabolic rate, thus increase the production
of body heat and calorie use.
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Benefits of exercise on body system
Urinary System: *Improve excretion of body waste through the kidneys.
Psycho-neurologic System: * Enhance sense of well-being and help to relieve
stress. * Improves the quality of sleep. * Improve self concept and self esteem by decreasing depression.
Intigumentary System: * Maintain skin integrity
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Positioning Clients
Performed by the nurse: For certain procedures or surgeries. To protect the client body from injury. To maintain muscle tone. To prevent complications.
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Positions and Uses
Dorsal (supine):
* Place patient on back with head and shoulders are slightly elevated.
* Used for physical assessment , to provide comfort , & change position.
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Positions and Uses
Dorsal recumbent:
* Place patient on back, legs flexed and slightly rotated outward
*Used for pelvic examination, female catheterization, perinal care
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Positions and Uses
Semi-fowler’s position:
* Sitting position with or without positioning pillow at head 45-60 degree. used for eating and facilitate breathing.
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Positions and Uses
High fowler’s position:
*Head & trunk are raised 60-90 degrees, used for some people with heart problems or having difficulty breathing.
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Positions and Uses
Prone position:
* Lying flat on the abdomen, arm flexed toward head, & head turned to one side. Useful for some unconscious patients.
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Factors Affecting Mobility
Health Status
Developmental Stage• Children• Adolescents• Adults
Environment• Attitudes and Beliefs• Lifestyle
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Nursing Diagnoses
Activity Intolerance
Impaired Physical Mobility
Risk of Disuse Syndrome
Self-Care Deficits
Altered Health Maintenance
Risks for Falls
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Planning and Outcome Identification
• Bed Rest
• Restorative Nursing Care (Changing position)
• Health Promotion and Fitness
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Implementation
Range-of-Motion (ROM) Exercises
• Performed several times a day.
• Each joint is placed through its full functional motion.
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Implementation
Transfer Techniques
• Moving clients
• Transferring from bed to chair
• Transferring from bed to stretcher
• Assistive devices
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Implementation
Assisting with Ambulation
• Preparing the client to walk
• Client education
• Preambulating exercise
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Assisting with Ambulation
Assistive Devices-Canes -Crutches -Walkers