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FGEXZ\JT V[V\JEV

Encj n Vjojf|kg`

Fgexz|jt Xjtkxmjtnov

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XF Fnvj

Eg|mjtdgntl

XVZ Gx|kfno Ltkqj

Mntl Ltkqj

Fnvj An`v

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ZVD

TNE

FXZ Vgfcj|

Fmkxvj|

XFK Vog|XFKj ]>1

Vog|

XFKj ]>

Vog|

KLJ

Xgyjt

Xk` Gz|

QIN

LQK

Gx|kfno

XV'4

ZVD 4.8

ZVD 6.8

ON@

MLEK

VN\N

Eg|mjtdgntl

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Eg|mjtdgntl

\mj eg|mjtdgntl ga n fgexz|jt kv

ymjtj jqjt{|mk`i kv fg``jf|jl

|gij|mjt. K| kv dnvkfnoo{ n xtk`|jl fktfzk|dgntl. \mj eg|mjtdgntl mnv dzko| k`

ajn|ztjv. K| mgzvjv |mj FXZ/ TNE n`l

mnv j}xn`vkg` vog|v okcj XFK. \mj

Fmkxvj| kv ymn| fg``jf|v jqjt{|mk`i

g` |mj eg|mjtdgntl |gij|mjt. \mj

Fmkxvj| kv dtgcj` lgy` k`|g |yg xnt|v3@gt|mdtklij n`l Vgz|mdtklij. \mj

@gt|mdtklij kv fg``jf|jl |g |mj FXZ

n`l TNE. \mj Vgz|mdtklij kv

fg``jf|jl |g |mj XFK/ ZVD/ KVN/ KLJ/

n`l DKGV. \mj @gt|mdtklij n`l

Vgz|mdtklij ntj fg``jf|jl |gij|mjtn`l |mj fg`|tgo |mj fgeez`kfn|kg`

dj|yjj` |mj FXZ/ TNE yk|m |mj

Fgexg`j`|v. \mj ymj` |mj

fgexg`j`|v g` |mj eg|mjtdgntl

fgeez`kfn|j |mj ln|n'k`ag kv fnttkjl

qkn n dzv.

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DKGV

\mj DKGV kv vga|yntj |mn| kv dzko| k`|g |mj eg|mjtdgntl. K| kv n Dnvkf

K`xz|'Gz|xz| V{v|je -DKGV+. \mj DKGV kv |mj aktv| |mk`i |mn| kv tz` ymj`

|mj fgexz|jt kv xgyjtjl g` n`l k| igjv |mtgzim XGV\. K| klj`|kakjv noo

fg``jf|jl ljqkfjv okcj |mj itnxmkfv fntl/ egzvj/ cj{dgntl n`l g|mjt

mntlyntj. K| ykoo |mj` ogfn|j |mj dgg| gtljt akoj. G`fj |mj dgg| mnv

fgexoj|jl |mj DKGV mn`lv gqjt fg`|tgo ga |mj XF |g |mj ltkqj |mn|

mgolv |mj GV.

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FXZ

\mj FXZ kv |mj Fj`|tno Xtgfjvvk`i Z`k|3 |mkv kv

ga|j` tjajttjl nv |mj dtnk` ga |mj fgexz|jt.

\mj FXZ mnv |yg |{xjv/ 64 gt 1< dk|. \mj |yg

ojnlk`i dtn`lv ga FXZ ntj K`|jo n`l NEL. \mj

FXZ fnttkjv gz| gxjtn|kg`v k| kv ikqj` d{ |mj

xtgitne n`l |mj{ ntj jk|mjt ogikfno gxjtn|kg`v

gt k`xz|'gz|xz| gxjtn|kg`v. \mjtj ntj |yg

xnt|v ga n FXZ/ |mj NOZ n`l FZ. \mj NOZ kv |mj

Ntk|mej|kf ogikf z`k| ymkfm fg`|tgov |mj ogikfno

n`l ntk|mej|kf gxjtn|kg`v. \mj FZ kv |mj

Fg`|tgo Z`k| ymkfm |ncjv fgeen`lv atge |mj

ejegt{/ ljfgljv n`l j}jfz|jv |mje. \mj

vxjjl ga n FXZ kv ejnvztjl k` mjt|r.@gynln{v |mj vxjjl kv dj|yjj` 4%< Ikinmjt|r.

G` |mj K`|jo k vjtkjv xtgfjvvgt |mj `gt|m

dtklij kv ogfn|jl g` |mj nf|zno xtgfjvvgt.

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TNE

TNE kv Tn`lge Nffjvv Ejegt{ n`l kv ejegt{ ga n fgexz|jt |mn|

fn` dj tn`lgeo{ nffjvvjl ymj` `jjljl/ mj`fj |mj `nej. \mjtj ntj

|yg |{xjv ga TNE/ LTNE -L{`nekf TNE+ n`l VTNE -V|n|kf TNE+.

\mj TNE kv |mjtj vg {gz fn` mnqj egtj |mn` g`j xtgitne gxj` n||mj vnej |kej yk|mgz| |mje fonvmk`i. \mj egtj TNE {gz mnqj/ |mj

egtj xtgitnev {gz fn` mnqj tz``k`i n| |mj vnej |kej. \{xkfnoo{

fgexz|jtv `gy `jjl n ek`keze ga 4ID ga tne |g ygtc n`l k| kv

tjfgeej`ljl |mn| {gz mnqj n| ojnv| 6ID ga TNE nv n` gxjtn|k`i

v{v|je okcj Yk`lgyv 9 tj~zktjv >ID ga TNE agt k|vjoa.

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Mntl Ltkqj

\mjtj ntj |yg |{xjv ga mntl ltkqj/ n Mntl Lkvc

Ltkqj -MLL+ n`l n Vgokl V|n|j Mntl Ltkqj-VVL+. N Mntl Lkvc Ltkqj kv n vj| ga lkvcv

c`gy` nv Xon||jtv |mn| ntj tjnl d{ n

eni`j|kf'gx|kfno mjnl. \mj lkvc k` n mntl Lkvc

ltkqj kv vxz` n| mkim vxjjlv |g dj tjnl n`l

|mj anv|jt |mj lkvc kv vxz` |mj anv| |mj ln|n

fn` dj tj|tkjqjl atge |mj lkvc. \mj ogyjv|vxjjl |mj lkvc kv vxz` kv :888txe ikqk`i {gz n on|j`f{ ga 4ev. Vgokl

V|n|j Ltkqjv zvj vgokl v|n|j ejegt{/ |mkv

ejn`v nffjvv vxjjl kv k`ftjnvjl n`l on|j`f{

kv ljftjnvjl. \mj VVL kv novg qjt{ ~zkj| n`lmnv n ogyjt tkvc ga lnenij atge vmgfc lzj |g

k| mnqk`i `g egqk`i xnt|v.

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Lkvc Ltkqj

\mj Lkvc Ltkqj zvjv n` gx|kfno onvjt gt jojf|tgeni`j|kf

ynqjv |g tjnl'ytk|j |g n lkvc. \mjtj ntj |yg |{xjv ga

gx|kfno lkvc/ FL n`l LQL. Fgexnf| Lkvc kv agt vnqk`i n`lxon{k`i ezvkf. \mj LQL kv zvjl agt qkljg n`l kv dj||jt

|mn` n FL djfnzvj k| fn` mgol egtj ln|n jqj` |mgzim

|mj{ ntj |mj vnej vkrj.

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Itnxmkfv

Fntl

\mj Itnxmkfv fntl kv zvjl agt n qkljg gz|xz|. Vgej eg|mjtdgntlv fgej

yk|m n dnvkf itnxmkfv fntl dzko| k` dz| {gz fn` dz{ n vjxntn|j itnxmkfv fntl

|g ikqj {gz dj||jt itnxmkfv ejegt{ n`l gz|xz|. \mj Itnxmkfv fntl ygzol

dj fg``jf|jl |g |mj eg|mjtdgntl qkn XFK gt NIX fg``jf|kg`v. \mj ejegt{

ga |mj itnxmkfv fntl kv jvvj`|kno |g v|gtj qkljg ln|n n`l agt tj`ljtk`i qkljg.

\mj IXZ kv n xtgfjvvgt |mn| kv jvxjfknoo{ agt itnxmkfv n`l ljvki`jl |g lg

aogn|k`i xgk`| fnofzon|kg`v agt 6L Itnxmkfv tj`ljtk`i. \mj vxjjlv ga IXZv

tn`ij dj|yjj` 4:8EMr |g

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Vgz`l Fntl

\mj Vgz`l fntl kv zvjl nv nvgz`l gz|xz| n`l n ok`j'ekf

k`xz|. Vgej eg|mjtdgntlv

fgej yk|m n dnvkf vgz`lfntl

k`v|noojl/ dz| ka {gz yn`| n

mkim ~znok|{ gz|xz| agt

vgz`l gt fgexn|kdkok|{ ga :.>vxjncjt v{v|jev j|f. {gz

ygzol dz{ n ljlkfn|jl

vgz`l fntl.

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@KF

\mj `j|ygtc k`|jtanfj fntl -@KF+

noogyv n XF |g dj fg``jf|jl |g n`j|ygtc. \mjtj ntj |yg |{xjv ga

fntl agt `j|ygtc k`|jtanfj n`l

|mj{ ntj jk|mjt KJJJ =84.6

-J|mjt`j|+ gt KJJJ =84.>>

-Yktjojvv+. \mj J|mjt`j| fntl

ygtcv d{ |tn`von|k`i jojf|tkfnoxzovjv k`|g dk`nt{. \mj Yktjojvv

fntl ygtcv d{ |tn`von|k`i tnlkg

ynqjv k`|g dk`nt{. Dk`nt{ kv tjnl

d{ |mj XF n`l zvjl agt ymn| k| kv

`jjljl agt. J.i. n zvjt tj~zjv|v n

yjdxnij n`l kv tjfjkqjl k` dk`nt{/

k| kv |mj` |tn`von|jl k`|g n

yjdxnij.

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Xgyjt Vzxxo{ Z`k|

Egoj}

\mj Xgyjt Vzxxo{ Z`k| -XVZ+

kv ymn| xtgqkljv |mj XFv

fgexg`j`|v yk|m xgyjt. K|

fg`qjt|v 4

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ZVD

Z`kqjtvno Vjtkno Dzv -ZVD+ kv |mj egv| fgeeg` xtg|gfgo agt

fg``jf|kg`/ fgeez`kfn|kg`/ xgyjt dj|yjj` |yg ljqkfjv. Mg|

Vynxxndoj Ljqkfjv zvj |mj fg``jf|kg` djfnzvj k| kv vg fgeeg`. ZVDzvjv dzvvjv |g vj`l n`l tj|tkjqj ln|n. ZVD 4.8 kv |mj egv| fgeeg`

dz| mnv tjfj`|o{ djj` gz|%ln|jl d{ |mj `jy tjojnvj ga ZVD 6.8. ZVD

4.8 mnv ln|n |tn`vajt vxjjlv ga

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Fnvj An`v

Fnvj an`v ntj n yn{ gafg`|tgook`i |mj nktaogy k` {gzt XF

n`l cjjxk`i |mj fgexg`j`|v

fggo. \mj negz`| ga an`v {gz

mnqj n`l |mj vkrj ljxj`lv g`

ymn| fnvj {gz mnqj. Vgej fnvjv

noogy agt dkiijt an`v |g djk`v|noojl ejn`k`i |mggvj an`v

fn` mn`loj egtj nkt. \mj an`

vkrjv tn`ij atge =8ee |g

488ee.

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XF XjtkxmjtnovEg`k|gt

Xtk`|jt

Cj{dgntl

Egzvj

Yjdfne

Ekftgxmg`j

'Jntxmg`j

Mg| Vynxxndoj

Ejlkn

Vxjncjtv

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Eg`k|gt

\mj eg`k|gt kv zvjl |g lkvxon{

itnxmkfv n`l kv fg``jf|jl |g |mjitnxmkfv fntl ga |mj XF. \yg |{xjv

ga eg`k|gt ntj ntgz`l/ OJL n`l

OFL. Dg|m ntj fnxndoj ga Mkim

Ljak`k|kg` dz| OJL kv |mk``jt n`l

egtj xgyjt jaakfkj`| fgexntjl |g

OFL dnfcok| eg`k|gtv. \mjtj ntj|mtjj enk` fg``jf|kg`v |g fg``jf|

n eg`k|gt |g n XF3 QIN/ LQK n`l

MLEK. Qkljg Itnxmkfv Nttn{ -QIN+

kv |mj goljv| ga |mj |mtjj n`l kv

n`nogi vki`no. Lkik|no Qkvzno

K`|jtanfj -LQK+ kv n lkik|no vki`no n`lkv mkimjt ~znok|{ |mj` QIN. Mkim%

Ljak`k|kg` Ezo|kejlkn K`|jtanfj

-MLEK+ kv |mj `jyjv| ga |mj |mtjj

n`l vj`lv mkim ljak`k|kg` qkljg n`l

nzlkg.OJL OFL

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Cj{dgntl

\mj Cj{dgntl kv n k`xz| ljqkfj |g j`ndoj n zvjt |g |noc |g n XF/ k|

ygtcv d{ n zvjt xzvmk`i n cj{ n`l |mn| cj{ mnv n z`k~zj fglj |mn| |mj

FXZ fn` tjnl n`l z`ljtv|n`l. Cj{dgntlv ntj fg``jf|jl |g n XF

|mtgzim ZVD dz| djagtj ZVD k| ynv fg``jf|jl zvk`i XV'4.

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XV'4

XV'4 kv n ojinf{ fg``jf|kg` agt n cj{dgntl gt egzvj n`l ynv tjfj`|o{

tjxonfjl d{ ZVD. K| kv n ek`k 1%xk` LKE fg``jf|gt. XV'4 fg``jf|gtv yjtj

fgogzt fgljl |g encj k| zvjt atkj`lo{. Itjj` ynv |mj egzvj n`l Xztxoj ynv

|mj Cj{dgntl.

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Egzvj

\mj egzvj kv n k`xz| ljqkfj |gnoogy zvjtv |g fg`|tgo |mj xgk`|jt

ga |mj XF. K| zvjv n tgoojtdnoo gt n

gx|kfno onvjt |g vjj ymjtj k| kv

igk`i. K| zvjv n}kv |g xgvk|kg` k|v

vjoa n`l c`gy ymjtj k| kv egqk`i.

K| zvjv |mj ] n`l [ n}kv. K|fg``jf|v |g |mj XF qkn ZVD n`l

zvjl |g zvj |mj fg``jf|kg` XV'4.

Vgej ekfj `gy zvj yktjojvv

|jfm`gogi{)v okcj Dozj|gg|m n`l

tnlkg ynqjv .

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Vxjncjtv

Vxjncjtv ntj jvvj`|kno agt mnqk`i n vgz`l gz|xz| g` n XF. \mjtj ntj

tn`ijv ga vgz`l gz|xz|. \mj egv| fgeeg` n`l fmjnxjv| ygzol dj 4.8

dz| agt vgz`l j`|mzvknv| |mj{ ygzol dj 4.> gt :.> / |mj `zedjt kv |mj

negz`| ga vxjncjtv n`l |mj ljfkeno xgk`| kv n vzdyggajt. J.I. n 4.> vj|

zx ygzol dj 4 vxjncjtv n`l > vzdyggajt. \mj{ fndok`i kv v|n`lntl XF

vgz`l fndok`i yk|m n 6.:ee bnfc |g xozi k`|g |mj XF.

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Xtk`|jt

\mj Xtk`|jt kv zvjl |g xz| |mjkenijv n`l fmntnf|jtv yj vjj g`

|mj vftjj` g`|g xnxjt. \mjtj ntj

en`{ |{xjv ga xtk`|jt3 Onvjt/ k`cbj|/

Vgokl k`c/ l{j%vzdoken|kg` n`l

\mjteno. \mj egv| xgxzont kv n

K`cbj| xtk`|jt agt mgej zvj n`l agt

gaakfj zvj |mj Onvjt xtk`|jt kv egtj

xgxzont. K| kv fg``jf|jl |g n XF

|mtgzim ZVD. @gy xtk`|jtv ntj

djk`i `j|ygtc tjnl{/ ymkfm

j`ndojv ezo|kxoj fgexz|jtv |g

fg``jf| n| |mj vnej |kej. \mkv kv

|mtgzim KJJJ =84.6 -J|mjt`j|+ gt

KJJJ =84.>> -Yktjojvv+.

Mgy n onvjt xtk`|jt ygtcv

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Yjdfne

N yjdfne noogyv |mj zvjt |g tjfgtl gt vj`l qkljg |g |mjkt XF k` tjno|kej.

\mkv fn` dj zvjl agt qkljg fmn|/ tjfgtlk`i gt |nck`i xkf|ztjv. \mkv kv

fg``jf|jl |g |mj XF qkn ZVD.

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Ekftgxmg`j'Jntxmg`j

\mj ekftgxmg`j noogyv n zvjt

vgz`l k`xz|. \mkv j`ndojv |mj zvjt

|g tjfgtl n`{ vgz`lv. \mj

ekftgxmg`j fn` novg noogy zvjtv |g

|noc |g |mjkt XF ka n qgkfj

tjfgi`k|kg` vga|yntj kv djk`i zvjl.Vgej ekftgxmg`jv ntj xnktjl yk|m

n jntxmg`j |g ftjn|j n mjnlvj|.

\mkv noogyv zvjtv |g mjnt n`l |noc.

\mj Ekftgxmg`j zvjv vgz`l fndok`i

n`l n 6.:ee bnfc |g xozi k`|g |mj

XF.