Computer HardwareInformation Technology

Week 5 and 6

2

Objectives Discuss how a computer uses

binary codes to represent data in electronic form

Discuss how a computer uses binary codes to represent data in electronic form

Describe each of the major system unit components

Describe each of the major system unit components

Describe the different types of memory

Describe the different types of memory

Discuss expansion slots and boards Discuss expansion slots and boards

Discuss the four standard ports Discuss the four standard ports

Define input and output Define input and output

Describe input and output devices Describe input and output devices

Distinguish between primary and secondary storage

Distinguish between primary and secondary storage

How does a computer work?

How does a computer work?

Why are some computers more powerful than others?

Why are some computers more powerful than others?

How do you get information out? How do you get information out?

How do you recall information? How do you recall information?

Essential Question(s)

Class …..

Take out your notes and be prepared to write down all the questions and answers presented in this Power Point

Notes are worth 50 points and will be delivered over several days.

4

What Is a Computer?

• How is a computer defined?

A programmable, usually electronic device, that can store, retrieve and process data

Some of the first computers were mechanical, then electro mechanical

SOME OF THE FIRST COMPUTERS

MY FIRST COMPUTERS

Referred in kilobytes now in speed

7

The Components of a Computer

•What is an input device?

Hardware used to enter dataand instructions

8

The Components of a Computer• What is an output device?

Hardware that conveys information to a user

9

The Components of a Computer• What is the system unit?

Box-like casecontainingelectroniccomponentsused to processdata

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What is the magic inside the black box?

CPU

Memory card

Sound Card

Video Card

Storage Units

Power

Supply

Whole Thing

Is the M

other Board

What is it?

Power supply

An opening on a system board or mother board.

What is….

Expansion slot

What is this?Expansion

card

14

The Components of a Computer

•What are two main components on the motherboard?

• Central Processing Unit (CPU)•Also called a processor•Carries out instructions that tell computer what to do

• Memory•Temporary holding place for data and instructions

The part of the computer that holds data and program instructions for processing the data.

What is….

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

CPU stand for?What does….

Central Processing Unit

The communications media for the entire system including the CPU.

What is….

motherboard

Contained on chips connected to the system board and is a holding area for data instructions and information.

What is….

memory

19

The Components of a Computer• What is storage?

Storage media

Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored

Storage media

Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored

Storage device

Records and retrieves items to and from a storage medium

Storage device

Records and retrieves items to and from a storage medium

Holds data, instructions, and information for future use

20

The Components of a Computer• What is a hard disk?

Provides much greater storage capacity than a CD Drive

Housed inside the system unit

Enclosed disk drive containing one or more metallic discs.

21

The Components of a Computer• What is a compact disc?

Flat, round, portable plastic-metallic disc CD-ROM CD-RW

Capacity: 673~768 MB

DVD-ROM DVD+RW

Capacity:4.7 ~ 17.1 GB

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The Components of a Computer

•What is miniature storage media?

Digitalcameras

Digitalcameras

Handheldcomputerscell phones

Handheldcomputerscell phones

Portable, thin memory cards used in:

Portable, thin memory cards used in:

Identify & list from least capacity to most capacity.

A tiny circuit board etched onto silicon.

What is….

chip

MEMORY TYPES• RAM Random Access Memory

• ROMRead Only Memory

Provides space for programs in use.

What is….

RAM

Provides instructions for starting the computer.

What is….

ROM

Computer Memory

RAM or ROM?

1. Forgets everything when the computer is turned off.

RAM or ROM?

2. Unable to change.

RAM ROM

How often a displayed image is updated or redrawn on the monitor.

What is….

Refresh rate

Data sent to the computer.What is….

input

Input OR Output?

1. Keyboard2. Monitor3. Printer4. Camera5. Scanner6. Tablet7. Speaker8. Touch Pad

1. IN2. OUT3. OUT4. IN5. IN6. IN7. OUT8. IN

Accessing information from storage.

What is….

reading

A measurement in pixels or a monitor’s clarity.

What is….

resolution

The amount of data that can be stored.

What is….

capacity

Holds data and program instructions for processing data.

What is….

Primary storage

Storage that loses data when the computer turns off.

What is….

volatile

Permanent storage used to preserve programs and data and can be retained after the computer is turned off.

What is….

Secondary storage

Which one has the most uses?

USB

The chip that contains the CPU.(The brains of the system)

What is….

microprocessor

The measure of a computer’s processing power.(How fast it can execute code)

What is….

Clock speed

Where frequently accessed information is held.

What is….

cache

The numbering system in which all numbers consist of only two numbers: 1 and 0

What is….

Binary system

A single binary digit.

What is….

bit

A group of EIGHT binary digits.What is….

byte

Any size group of binary digits.

Most common starts at 8 bits

16, 32, 64

What is….

word

How many bytes can it process?

•A 64 bit word computer

8 bytes

What is shown here?

Bus lines

How Binary Travels

Binary TO Decimal

BINARY

•10011001•01110000•00010001•00001110•01010001

DECIMAL

•153•112•17•14•81

? ? ? ? ?

ASCII

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

How many bytes?

• KB?

• MB?

• GB?

• TB?

• Approx 1,000 • (1,024 or 2^10)

• Approx 1 million• (1,048,576 or 2^20)

• Approx 1 billion• (1,073,741,824 or 2^30)

• Approx 1 trillion• (1,099,511,627,776 or 2^40)

Decimal TO Binary

DECIMAL

•128•12•2•234•178

BINARY

•10000000•00001100•00000010•11101010•10110010

010000010110001101100101

0100100101010100

Char BinaryA 01000001B 01000010C 01000011D 01000100E 01000101F 01000110G 01000111H 01001000I 01001001J 01001010K 01001011L 01001100M 01001101N 01001110O 01001111P 01010000Q 01010001R 01010010S 01010011T 01010100U 01010101V 01010110W 01010111X 01011000Y 01011001Z 01011010

Ace IT

Using the ASCII to Binary table to decode the following:

Char Binarya 01100001b 01100010c 01100011d 01100100e 01100101f 01100110g 01100111h 01101000I 01101001j 01101010k 01101011l 01101100m 01101101n 01101110o 01101111p 01110000q 01110001r 01110010s 01110011t 01110100u 01110101v 01110110w 01110111x 01111000y 01111001z 01111010