computer architecture lab manual

Department Of CSE & IT

Page | 1 Prepared By Mr.Neelamani Samal

CONTENT

Experiment No.

Name of the Experiment Page

No.

1 To recognize various component of PC. 1

2 Dismantling and assembling of PC.

6

3 Use of h/w trainer kit.

12

4 Simulation of simple fundamental units like

half adder full adder etc.

25



HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS :-

1.PC components.

2. Hardware trainer kit for

Printer ,SMPS, Motherboard, Real time clock, CPU, Hard disk.

3. Simulation software(XLINIX).



Lab Experiment No. :- 1

Objective :-

To Recognize the various components of a Personal Computer.

Theory:-

The basic components of a PC are

1. Input Unit

2. Output unit

3. Memory unit

4. Control unit

5. Arithmetic logic unit

Input Unit :-

It is the unit through which data/instructions can be entered into the

computers .

e.g. Keyboard , Mouse etc.

Output Unit :-

It is the unit by which we can get output from the entered input from the

computer.

e.g. Monitors ,Printer, Speaker etc.



Memory Unit :-

It stores the information by providing facility to the CPU actively by

providing necessary data to CPU.

Memory units are of two types

1.Primary memory

2. Secondary memory.

Primary Memory:- It is also of two types:

i) RAM

ii) ROM

RAM:- It can be randomly accessed.

Memory is temporarily used because when the power goes off ,all

the data stored in it are erased.So it is volatile in nature.It can be read and

the data can be written into it.

ROM:- It is also randomly accessed. It is only readmemory unit.It is non-

volatile in nature.

It can be read only but datas can’t be written into it.

ALU:- It performs arithmetic operation like addition,subtraction etc and

logical operation loke AND,OR,NAND etc. It works in electronic speed but

the device attached to it works in low speed.That’s why processor can

handle all the peripheral devices at a time.

IT establishes well coordination between other four functional unit.



CU:- It is the unit which controls the flow of information through the

processor and coordinate the activities the activities of other unit which are

within it.

So it is the brain within the brain as it controls what happens inside the

processor.

It generate timing signal and control signal for well coordination.

Configurtion of a PC.

SI NO

Name of component

Name of Manufacturer

Capacity/frequency interface

1. Processor

2. MotherBoard

3. RAM

4. HDD

5. FDD

6. DVD

7. TFT/CRT

8. Keyboard

9. Mouse

10. UPS

11. Cabinet

12. Speaker



Processor:- The microprocessor accepts inputs from the user in the

form of data and instruction. It process the information and instruction and

then send the processed information to the output device.

Motherboard:- It is the main circuit of PC.It conatains the interface for

the microprocessor,BIOS,Memory and storage device neeed to control

peripheral devices such as monitor,keyboard,mouse etc.

RAM:- It stores data temporarily.So it is called volatile.

HDD:- IT is a secondary storage device for permanent data storage

device i.e. placed in the system.It is similar to human brain where all the

past to present events are stored.

DVD RAM: The Digital versatile disc stored digitally.

A DVD writer is a DVD player as well as a writer.

FDD: It is a n external storage device. It is magnetic round disc enclosed

in a plastic jacket.

Today we have double size high quality to density disk with 1.44 MB of

size.



Keyboard:- It is a primary input device of the PC similar to type writer.

Mouse:- It is used to point to the desired position in the computer. It is

also an input device.

UPS:- It is the device that produce supply to the PC.

It provides all the time of power cut.So we can save the current data and

shut down properly.

Speaker: It is an output device through which CPU can produce sound

for the user.

TFT monitor:- It is an output device through wich we can read data.

Cabinet:- outer covering of CPU.

Conclusion:-



EXPERIMENT NO:-02

OBJECTIVES:- To understand how the different components of PC

are connected to work properly.

Components required:-

1.cabinet

2.SMPS.

3.HDD

4.processor

5.Motherboard

6.Ram

7.IDE cable.

8.ROM

9.System fan and CPU fan.

10.Tool kit

Description:

The required components are taken and checked whether the

components are good condition or not.

At first clean the required components and it should be done with

paint brush.

All the components handled with care.

The step by step procedure should be followed for dismantling and

assembling of the PC.

The procedure dismantling and assembling are as follows :



Building TheComputer

Step 1: Prepare the case

Remove the empty computer case from its packing and remove both side panels and

takeout any items that may be inside the case .Place it on the work space so that the

motherboard facing up.

Step 2: Installing the Mother Board rises

Inspect whether the motherboard risers are installed properly, if not then install it

properly so that the motherboard will not be in direct contact with the metal case.

Step 3: Installing the Dives and mother board in the case

1: Remove side panel

Remove the side panel from the case in order to gain access to the cabinet as well as

the motherboard properly.

2: Remove front external drive panel

Remove the drive bay blanking the spaces.. So that we can install the required drives

properly and freely.

3: Installing external drives

With the blanking places removed slide the drives into their corresponding bays.

4: Case screws

Fix the drives using the case screw provided .The screw should not be so tightly placed,

otherwise it may harm the respective components of the PC.

5: Fixing the drives

Fix the optical and floppy drives into its places with screwed properly.

6: Drives installed

The optical and floppy drives located in the correct

bays in the pc case.



7: motherboard mask

8: Discard unwanted parts

After everything is in its place just discard the unwanted parts that were present initially

in the case.



Step 4 :Installing mother board in the case

1: Installing the Processor

Place the CPU into its slot properly seeing the cut marks

present in the processor for identification. Care must be

given while installing the CPU, if any Pin breaks then the

Processor will become useless. Then place the sink and

CPU fan properly and lock it with the lock provided.



2: CPU and Fan

3: Installing the RAM

4: Installing the power supply

Use the SMPS(Switch Mode Power Supply) cables to give power supply to the

individual components of the PC.

5: Installing The HDD

Place the RAM into its slots. Press it to

get the RAM Locked. If the RAM is not

placed properly then the PC will not

start. And will give a beep sound.

The CPU fan should be placed over the CPU to

keep the processor cool .

The HDD should be Placed in its

proper place and should be

connected with the ATA cable or The

SATA cable as the port may be. And

power supply should be given to it.



6: Connecting the case cable

Connect the below cables properly as per instruction. And connect the same cable to

the motherboard also.

Step 5: Closing The system case by cover

Once all the parts of the PC are connected to its slots properly and firmly just close the

system case and screw it properly.

Conclusion :-



Experiment No. 3

Objective :

i)Study of Fault analysis point of the CPU trainer kit.

ii) Study of Dot Matrix Printer.

iii) To study the Fault analysis points of Dot Matrix printer

iv) Study of VBMB 40 HD Trainer kit.

v) Study of real time clock using 465 hard disk driver.

EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:

1. CPU Trainer kit

2. Monitor

3. Keyboard

4. Mouse

THEORY :

The CPU Trainer kit has 8 different fault analysis point. To estimate the various

fault covering the individual sections of personal computers

T1: For Keyboard logic

T2 : For BIOS logic

T3: For Hard Disk logic

T4 : For Mouse logic

T5: For Video logic(for synchronization horizontally)

T6: For Video logic(for Vertical synchronization)

T7: For Serial Communication logic

T8: For Parallel Communication logic



PROCEDURE :

T1:

Fault Analysis: Switch off the system, Put T1 in open mode and switch ON the

system.

Symptom: Any character that is to be given through the keyboard can not be

displayed or the keyboard can not work properly.

T2:


system.

Symptom: Without processing any key the control will automatically flow to the

BIOS

T3:


system.

Symptom: The OS will not be properly loaded, HDD will not be initialized

T4:


system.

Symptoms: The mouse will not work properly.

T5:


system.

Symptoms:Display scroll horizontally



T6


system.

Symptom:Display scroll vertically

T7:


system.

Symptoms: Serial Port does not receive or transmit information to or from its sub

system or interface unit.

T8:


system.

Symptom:It prints junk character

CPU TRAINER KIT

CONCLUSION 1:



Objective 2:- Study of Dot Matrix Printer.


1.DOT Matrix Printer

2.Power supply unit

3.Power cord

DESCRIPTION:

1.This the first type of printer to be used in home and school but they are not used

now-a-days.

2.A Dot Matrix Printer or impact matrix printer is a type of computer printer with a

print head that run back and forth or up and down motion, in the phase and print

by impact , striking an ink soaked cloth ribbon against the paper, much like the

print mechanism on a type writer.

3. Each dot is produced by a tiny metal rod also called a wire or pin which is

driven forward by the power of tiny electromagnet or solenoid either directly or

through small parts.



ADVANTAGES:

1.Relatively cheap to buy

2.Low operating cost

3.Create carbon copy using carbonated papers.

DISADVANTAGES:

1.Print quality is poor and important documents are not suitable to give managers

or customers.

2.Very Slow

3.Noisy

4.Can not produce colour copies.

CONCLUSION 2:



OBJECTIVE 3: To study the Fault analysis points of Dot Matrix printer


1.Dot matrix printer Trainer kit.

2.Power supply

PROCEDURE:

Dot matrix printer Trainer kit has 8 Fault analysis point to identify 8 different fault

generated in DMP Trainer kit.

The fault analysis points are

T1:Power logic

T2.Wrong Character printing

T3.Paper sensor without paper

T4.Print in the same line

T5.Home position

T6.Line space incorrect

T7.Paper out

T8.Single dot or collection of dots are missing



DESCRIPTION:

T1:

Fault Analysis:T1 is normally in closed position, to introduce the problem switch

off the printer . T1 is open and switch on the printer to identify the problem.

Symptom:No printer operation can be performed

T2:



Symptom:Printer prints wrong character.

T3:



Symptoms:The printer will sense the paper even when the paper is not available for

printing.

T4:



Symptom:Overlapping of characters will be identified.

T5:



Symptom:Home position sensor may be defective. The sensor will not at the initial

position by pressing initialization button. It will move to the end.

T6:





Symptoms:Line feeding is not proper.

T7:



Symptom:Carriage motor struck while initializing the printer. The sensor can not

be initialized by pressing the initialization button.

T8:



Symptom:While printing single dot or line of dots are missing consistently.

CONCLUSION 3:



OBJECTIVE 4 : Study of VBMB 40 HD Trainer kit.


1.Micro controller 51EB

2.One Hard Disk

3.VBMB 40 Card

4.One 40 core cable, one 50 core cable and one serial cable

5.Multi output power supply unit

6.one VBMB 40 installer CD

7.One keyboard

PROCEDURE:

1.Go to WINXTALK program

2.Choose open point (the communication setting are already set, do not change).

3.Choose communication window (from the WINXTALK menu or F2 shortcut)

4.From Micro controller type the command “ SM” and press enter

5. You will find # prompt on the monitor and serial mode on the micro 51 LED

display

6.Type command “pi 4100” on the 3 prompt of WINXTALK communication

windows and press enter



7.From the text file option of WINX communication window choose download

push button(note the number of characters transmitted appear on the status bar of

WINX communication window)

8.Click on # type the command “go 4100” and press enter, the message appears ,

the information about HD that is cylinder, comma, sector etc and the next

command prompt is LBA= 0x00000000,(R)ead , (W)rite,(L)BA , (U)p , (D)own ,

(h)ex dump, (q)uit

9.Press 'L' from key board to select the hexa decimal address , then provide the

address value suppose “55”

10.Once again the previous command prompt LBA= 0x00000000,(R)ead ,

(W)rite,(L)BA , (U)p , (D)own , (h)ex dump, (q)uit will appear.

11.Choose 'R' and ' H' to see the information stored in the address of the HD.

12.Press “INT” key from the micro 51EB then # prompt will appear on the WINX

communication window.

13.Type the command “FP 600061ff 77” (here 77 is data) then press enter.

14.At the # prompt once again type the command “go 4100” and press enter.

15.Press “L” key from the key board and provide LBA address “55” then press

enter.

16.At the command prompt LBA= 0x00000000,(R)ead , (W)rite,(L)BA , (U)p ,

(D)own , (h)ex dump, (q)uit will appear. Then press “W” key when warning

message will appear then press “Y” “sector write OK” .

17.At LBA prompt press 'R' and 'H' , you can see the written in the HD



MICRO 51 EB 50 and

40 CORE CABLE

VBMB 40 CARD

CONCLUSION 4:



OBJECTIVE 5 : Study of real time clock using 465 hard disk driver.


1.VBMB 15 card

2.PCI driver

3.50 core cable

PROCEDURE:

1.Open PLXP on the desktop, go to command click on it.

2.Reset COP then open my computer.

3.Go to CD-drive click on VPCI-107 then click on program.

4.Then double click on VBMB 15 exe file.

5.One black screen will come and it will ask for confirmation. Enter 'y' then give

value for hour,minute and second.

6.The given time will be displayed in real-time clock kit.



PCI DRIVER REAL TIME CLOCK

VBMB 15 CARD

CONCLUSION 5:



EXPERIMENT NO.4

OBJECTIVE:-

Simulation of fundamental unit like

1. Half adder

2. Full adder and

3. Multiplexer

Software required:-

XILINX ISE 9.1i

Theory:-

Halfadder:-

Procedure:-

Step1:

To simulate the functional working of Halfadder we need XILINX 9.1i to

run in Admin mode as shown below.



Step2:

Go to file menu and chose new project.

Step3:

Type the project name and then choose the top level source type as

HDL.



Stpe4:

Set the parameter in the window as

Family- Spantan3

Device-XC3S200

Package-FT256

Speed- 4

Preferred Language-VHDL

And press next



Step5:

Choose the new source and press next and whenever the new window

open,Put the same file name and choose VHDL module

.



Step6:

In the next window input two port name as input1 and input2 and direction as

in.Then input two port name as sum and carry and set direction as out.

Step7: And press next.



Step8: Press next

Step9: Press next



Step10: Press next

Step11:Press finish



Step12: Write the HDL code for half adder followed by begin.

Step13:

Double click on the Synthesize.xst and go to check syntax and if error not

found the following screen appear.



Step14:

Then click on the view RTL schme



Step15:Then following output screen output screen appear.



Conclusion:-



FULL ADDER

Theory:

Procedure

Step1:

To simulate the functional working of full adder we need XILINX 9.1i to run in

Admin mode as shown below.



Step2:


Step3:

Type the project name and then choose the top level source type as HDL.



Stpe4:


Family- Spantan3

Device-XC3S200

Package-FT256

Speed- 4


And press next



Step5:

Choose the new source and press next and whenever the new window open, Put the

same file name and choose VHDL module



Step6:

In the next window input two port name as input1 and input2 and direction as

in.Then input two port name as sum and carry and set direction as out.




Step8: Press next

Step9: Press next



Step10: Press next

Step11:Press finish



Step12: Write the HDL code for half adder followed by begin.



Step13:

Double click on the Synthesize.xst and go to check syntax and if

error not found the following screen appear.



Step14:

Then click on the view RTL schme

Step15:Then following output screen output screen appear.



Conclusion:-



MULTIPLEXER

Step1:

To simulate the functional working of full adder we need XILINX 9.1i to run in

Admin mode as shown below.

Step2:




Step3

Type the project name and then choose the top level source type as HDL.

Stpe4:


Family- Spantan3

Device-XC3S200

Package-FT256

Speed- 4


And press next



Step5:

Choose the new source and press next and whenever the new

window open, Put the same file name and choose VHDL module



Step6:

In the next window input two port name as input1 and input2

and direction as in.Then input two port name as sum and carry

and set direction as out.




Step8: And press next

Step9: And press next



Step10: And press finish

Step12: Write the HDL code for half adder followed by begin



Step13:

Double click on the Synthesize.xst and go to check syntax and

if error not found the following screen appear.



Step14:Then following output screen output screen appear



Conclusion:-

computer architecture lab manual

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Transcript of computer architecture lab manual