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uuu/zj|blf/jnh.uk{kzkibvwobn 

JKF Znavuk|g‒z 

Jnhpwvg| Bovge|kvgf Hkowakjvw|boe 

Uk{kz Kib VwobnBozvbvwvg na Hkowakjvw|boe Goebogg|boe ! Hkokeghgov

Pkcbzvko Okqr Goebogg|boe Jniigeg $POGJ")Okvbnoki Wobqg|zbvr na Zjbgojgz ! Vgjdoniner $OWZV") Ck|kjdb ‚ Pkcbzvko

$uk{kzkibvwobn@ehkbi/jnh" $uuu/uk{kzkibvwobn/vc" 

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Jnhpwvg| Kbfgf Fgzbeo $Jnhpwvg| Bovge|kvgf Hkowakjvw|boe" Uk{kz Kib Vwobn

< Bozvbvwvg na Hkowakjvw|boe Goebogg|boe ! Hkokeghgov) Pkcbzvko Okqr Goebogg|boe Jniigeg

Okvbnoki Wobqg|zbvr na Zjbgojgz ! Vgjdoniner $uuu/pogj/owzv/gfw/pc"

Vklig na JnovgovzJnhpwvg| Bovge|kvgf Hkowakjvw|boe //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////;

Bov|nfwjvbno vn JKF Zrzvgh //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////:

Udkv bz jnhpwvg| kbfgf fgzbeo///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////:

Udkv bz JKF znavuk|g> //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////6

Vrpgz na jkf znavuk|g/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////1

<F JKF//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////1

</7 F JKF//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////1

:F JKF//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////1

:F Ub|ga|khg kof Zw|akjg Hnfgiboe ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////1

Znibf Hnfgiboe ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////1

KwvnJKF////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////5

JKVBK////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////5

ZnibfUn|cz/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////5

Fgzbeo qkibfkvbno vnniz ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////5

P|nfwjv fkvk hkokeghgov vnniz //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////5

Fgzbeo jnhhwobjkvbno kof jniikln|kvbno vnniz /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////4

JKF p|nfwjvbqbvr vnniz //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////4

Zpgjbkivr fgzbeo vnniz /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////4

Kwvnfgzc Hkrk///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////2

Kfqkojg Fgzbeo//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////2

Kfqkojg Zvggi/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////2

Kfqkojg Jnoj|gvg //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////2

K|jdbJKF //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////2

Kwvnfgzc Boqgovn| //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////2

L|bjzjkf kof J\I(JKF /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////2

JbvrGoebog/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ;0

Znibf Gfeg /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ;0

znibfVdbocboe/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ;0

Zubav :F ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ;0

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Jnhpwvg| Kbfgf Fgzbeo $Jnhpwvg| Bovge|kvgf Hkowakjvw|boe" Uk{kz Kib Vwobn

: Bozvbvwvg na Hkowakjvw|boe Goebogg|boe ! Hkokeghgov) Pkcbzvko Okqr Goebogg|boe Jniigeg

Okvbnoki Wobqg|zbvr na Zjbgojgz ! Vgjdoniner $uuu/pogj/owzv/gfw/pc"

JKF Znavuk|g‒z 

Bov|nfwjvbno vn JKF Zrzvgh

Jnhpwvg|(kbfgf fgzbeo $JKF") kizn conuo kzjnhpwvg|(kbfgf fgzbeo kof f|kavboe $JKFF") bzvdg wzg na jnhpwvg| vgjdoniner an| vdg p|njgzz na fgzbeo kof fgzbeo(fnjwhgovkvbno/ Jnhpwvg|Kbfgf F|kavboe fgzj|blgz vdg p|njgzz na f|kavboeubvd k jnhpwvg|/ JKFF znavuk|g) n|goqb|nohgovz) p|nqbfgz vdg wzg| ubvd bopwv(vnnizan| vdg pw|pnzg na zv|gkhiboboe fgzbeo p|njgzzgz3f|kavboe) fnjwhgovkvbno) kof hkowakjvw|boep|njgzzgz/ JKFF nwvpwv bz navgo bo vdg an|h na 

gigjv|nobj abigz an| p|bov n| hkjdboboe npg|kvbnoz/Vdg fgqginphgov na JKFF(lkzgf znavuk|g bz bofb|gjv jn||gikvbno ubvd vdg p|njgzzgz bv zggcz vngjnonhb}g3 bofwzv|r(lkzgf znavuk|g $jnozv|wjvbno)hkowakjvw|boe) gvj/" vrpbjkiir wzgz qgjvn|(lkzgf$ibogk|" goqb|nohgovz udg|gkz e|kpdbj(lkzgfznavuk|g wvbib}gz |kzvg|(lkzgf $pbtbikvgf"goqb|nohgovz/b 

JKF navgo boqniqgz hn|g vdko mwzv zdkpgz/ Kz bovdg koowki f|kavboe na vgjdobjki kof goebogg|boef|kuboez) vdg nwvpwv na JKF hwzv jnoqgrboan|hkvbno) zwjd kz hkvg|bkiz) p|njgzzgz)fbhgozbnoz) kof vnig|kojgz) kjjn|fboe vnkppibjkvbno(zpgjbabj jnoqgovbnoz/ JKF hkr lgwzgf vn fgzbeo jw|qgz kof abew|gz bo vun(fbhgozbnoki $<F" zpkjg3 n| jw|qgz) zw|akjgz) kofznibfz bo vd|gg(fbhgozbnoki $:F" zpkjg/bb 

JKF bz ko bhpn|vkov bofwzv|bki k|v gtvgozbqgir wzgfbo hkor kppibjkvbnoz) bojiwfboe kwvnhnvbqg)zdbplwbifboe) kof kg|nzpkjg bofwzv|bgz) bofwzv|bkikof k|jdbvgjvw|ki fgzbeo) p|nzvdgvbjz) kof hkor

hn|g/ JKF bz kizn ubfgir wzgf vn p|nfwjgjnhpwvg| kobhkvbno an| zpgjbki gaagjvz bo hnqbgz)kfqg|vbzboe kof vgjdobjki hkowkiz/ Vdg hnfg|owlb{wbvr kof pnug| na jnhpwvg|z hgkoz vdkv gqgopg|awhg lnvvigz kof zdkhpnn fbzpgozg|z k|gfgzbeogf wzboe vgjdob{wgz wodgk|f na lr goebogg|zna vdg ;210z/ Lgjkwzg na bvz gon|hnwz gjnonhbj

bhpn|vkojg) JKF dkz lggo k hkmn| f|bqboe an|jgan| |gzgk|jd bo jnhpwvkvbnoki egnhgv|r) jnhpwvg|e|kpdbjz $lnvd dk|fuk|g kof znavuk|g") koffbzj|gvg fbaag|govbki egnhgv|r

Vdg JKF pkjckegz k|g vdg vnniz wzgf vn kwvnhkvgvdg f|kavboe.fgzbeoboe.goebogg|boe p|njgzzgz bokihnzv kii bofwzv|bgz ! vgjdobjki npg|kvbnoz/ VdgJKF p|ne|kh ukz ; na vdg ab|zv vnniz vn lg wzgf vnkwvnhkvg vdg vgjdobjki naabjgz na kor n|ekob}kvbno/Zwjd JKF pkjckegz dkqg lggo bowzg$jnhhg|jbkiir" an| nqg| <0 rgk|z bo jnozwivboeab|hz) bofwzv|bki pikovz) |gabog|bgz) pgv|njdghbjkipikovz) wvbibvbgz kof nvdg| zgjvn|z na vdg bofwzv|r/Vdgr p|nfwjg f|kuboez na gqg|r vrpg= gigjv|bjki)jdghbjki) jbqbi) k|jdbvgjvw|g) p|njgzz)bozv|whgovkvbno gvj/ Fgpgofboe no vdg wzg| abgif na bovg|gzv) vdg JKFzrzvgh jko vbg bo ubvd nvdg|kwvnhkvboe.kokirzbz.p|nfwjvbno pkjckegz) an|gtkhpig JKH $jnhpwvg|kbfgf hkowakjvw|boe" !EBZ $Egne|kpdbj boan|hkvbno zrzvghz"/ Nqg| vdg|gjgov agu rgk|z k inv na fgqginphgov vnnc pikjgubvd |gzpgjv vn JKF zrzvghz/ Vdg bovg|akjglgvuggo vdg wzg| kof znavuk|g bzlgjnhboe gkzbg| !zbhbik| vn nvdg| egog|ki znavuk|g pkjckegz/ Vdgf|kuboez jko lgjdgjcgf kekbozv zpgjbabgfzvkofk|fz/ Vdg f|kuboez jko lg zgov nqg| vdgbovg|ogv an| qbguboe n| hk|cboe! jdgjcboe/ Vdgkvv|blwvgz $abgifz" na vdg f|kuo nlmgjvz $govbvbgz"jko lg kjjgzzgf qbk nvdg| ono(JKFznavuk|gpkjckegz/ Vdg f|kuboe jko lg agf bovn konvdg|p|ne|kh an| kokirzbz n| fbzpikrboe fgvkbigfboan|hkvbno/

Udkv bz jnhpwvg| kbfgf fgzbeo

Vdg igvvg|z JKF zvkof an| jnhpwvg|(kbfgf fgzbeo/K|jdbvgjvz) f|kavg|z) goebogg|z) kof k|vbzvz wzg JKFznavuk|g vn j|gkvg pikoz kof jnozv|wjvbno f|kuboez/

Lgan|g vdg keg na jnhpwvg|z) f|kuboez kofliwgp|bovz ug|g f|kavgf lr dkof/ JKF bz hn|ggaabjbgov lgjkwzg vdg znavuk|g |gjn|fz ibogz kzqgjvn|z lkzgf no hkvdghkvbjki g{wkvbnoz/ Pn|vbnozna k f|kuboe jko lg vubzvgf) zv|gvjdgf) n| hnqgf/Vdg pbjvw|g kz k udnig ubii kwvnhkvbjkiir kfmwzv/

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Jnhpwvg| Kbfgf Fgzbeo $Jnhpwvg| Bovge|kvgf Hkowakjvw|boe" Uk{kz Kib Vwobn

6 Bozvbvwvg na Hkowakjvw|boe Goebogg|boe ! Hkokeghgov) Pkcbzvko Okqr Goebogg|boe Jniigeg

Okvbnoki Wobqg|zbvr na Zjbgojgz ! Vgjdoniner $uuu/pogj/owzv/gfw/pc"

Udkv bz JKF znavuk|g>

Jnhpwvg| ( kbfgf fgzbeo) n| JKF) znavuk|g bz khnfgiboe vnni wzgf lr k|jdbvgjvz kof goebogg|z vnfgzbeo vd|gg(fbhgozbnoki nlmgjvz/ Vdbz znavuk|g bz

wzgf vn j|gkvg ogu p|nfwjvz n| fggpgo vdgwofg|zvkofboe na gtbzvboe p|nfwjvz/ Kivdnwed lgzvconuo an| un|cboe ubvd zdkpgz) vdbz vrpg na znavuk|g dkz kii vdg zvkofk|f zrhlniz |g{wb|gf an|vgjdobjki f|kuboez kof zjdghkvbjz/ Vdg|g k|g anw|cgr agkvw|gz vn JKF znavuk|g= awojvbnokibvr)bhpkjv no vdg bofwzv|r) v|kboboe) kof p|bjg/

Vdg|g k|g vd|gg awojvbnoz vn JKF znavuk|g vdkv|gqniwvbnob}gf vdg fgzbeo bofwzv|r= hwivb(fbhgozbnoki bhkegz) jnhpwvg| kobhkvbno) kof

jnhpwvkvbnoki egnhgv|r/ Hwivb(fbhgozbnokibhkegz oggf jw|qgz) zw|akjgz kof znibfz) kii na udbjd k|g qg|r fbaabjwiv  vn j|gkvg no k jnhpwvg|zj|ggo/ Vdg pdrzbjki f|kuboe na vdgzg zdkpgz|g{wb|gz k|v v|kboboe kof vdg wzg na zdkfboe vnbofbjkvg nvdg| fbhgozbnoz/

JKF znavuk|g kiinuz vdg bhkegz vn lg |nvkvgf :10fge|ggz) p|nqbfboe fgzbeog|z ubvd vdg nppn|vwobvrvn hnfgi vdg govb|g nlmgjv hwjd akzvg| kof ubvdnwvvdg oggf vn pdrzbjkiir |gofg| vdg bvgh ab|zv/ Vdg

jnhpwvg| kobhkvbno kzpgjv dkz bhpkjvgf lnvd vdggovg|vkbohgov kof goebogg|boe bofwzv|r/ Bogovg|vkbohgov) bv dkz kiinugf vdg fgqginphgov na dbedg| {wkibvr jk|vnnoz kof jnhhg|jbkiz/ Bogoebogg|boe) lnvd vdg an|h kof awojvbno jko lghnfgigf kof kor fgzbeog| aikuz jko lg zggo kofjn||gjvgf) lgan|g vdg j|gkvbno na k pdrzbjkip|nvnvrpg/ Jnhpwvkvbnoki egnhgv|r kof bofwzv|bkik|v dkqg kizn jkpbvkib}gf no vdg awojvbnoz kqkbikligbo vdbz vnni vn j|gkvg k ogu vrpg na znpdbzvbjkvgfp|nfwjv vdkv lgvvg| zwbvz vdgb| wob{wg oggfz/

Vdg kfnpvbno na JKF znavuk|g |gzwivgf bo vdggibhbokvbno na k ik|eg owhlg| na f|kavboe koffgzbeog| mnlz/ Govb|g fgpk|vhgovz jnwif lg|gpikjgf ubvd nog znavuk|g pkjckeg/ Goebogg|z kofk|jdbvgjvz ug|g |g{wb|gf vn igk|o vdg znavuk|g kofbojn|pn|kvg fbaag|gov vkzcz bovn vdgb| mnlz/ Nqg|vbhg) k ogu |nig na JKF fgzbeog| dkz fgqginpgf/

Vdbz pg|zno dkz ko kfqkojgf zcbii igqgi ubvd vdgznavuk|g kof hkr kjv kz ko kfqbzg| vn nvdg|fgzbeog|z kof goebogg|z/ V|kboboe no JKFznavuk|g bz onu bojn|pn|kvgf bovn gqg|rgoebogg|boe) k|jdbvgjv) kof fgzbeog| gfwjkvbno

p|ne|kh/ Zpgjbkib}gf jnw|zgz bo zpgjbabj znavuk|gkof kfqkojg awojvbnoz k|g kqkbiklig no k pk|v(vbhglkzbz kv k ubfg |koeg na jnhhwobvr kof jk|gg|jniigegz/ Bv bz qg|r bhpn|vkov vn cggp vdgzg zcbiizwpfkvgf) kz vdg znavuk|g bz jnozvkovir wpe|kfgf kofjdkoegz nqg| vbhg/

JKF znavuk|g |gqbgu

Vdbz k|vbjig |gqbguz znhg na vdg lgzv JKFznavuk|g kppibjkvbnoz vdkv k|g kqkbiklig no vdg

hk|cgv/ Vdg pw|pnzg na vdbz k|vbjig bz vn |gqbgu jkfznavuk|g/ Lwv vdg aboki jdnbjg klnwv udbjdpk|vbjwik| p|nfwjv vn lwr fgpgofz no zgqg|kifbaag|gov akjvn|z) zwjd kz ( lwfegv) enkiz) zcbiiigqgi) igk|oboe jw|qg) awojvbnoz) kof agkvw|gz/

KwvnJKF <004 bz vdg igkfboe JKF znavuk|ghkcboe fkr(vn(fkr f|kavboe k l|gg}g/ Bv ubiiboj|gkzg rnw| p|nfwjvbqbvr kof zkqg rnw vbhg/ Vdgogu agkvw|gz ubii kiinu rnw vn j|gkvg kii rnw|f|kuboe fkvk nog vbhg) hbobhb}boe |gfwofkojr

kof e|gkvir |gfwjboe g||n|z/ KwvnJKF <004znavuk|g bov|nfwjgz vdg jnojgpv na koonvkvbno zjkigkz ko nlmgjv p|npg|vr/ KwvnJKF <004 zwppn|vzUbofnuz Qbzvk Dnhg Lkzbj) Dnhg P|ghbwh)Wivbhkvg) Lwzbogzz) kof Govg|p|bzg/ Bo kffbvbno)KwvnJKF <004 vkcgz kfqkovkeg na znhg oguQbzvk jkpklbibvbgz) zpgjbabjkiir Ubofnuz Qbzvkvdwhlokbi p|gqbguz an| FUE kof FUA abigz boUbofnuz Gtpin|g|/

Znibf Un|cz Naabjg P|nagzzbnoki bojiwfgz Znibf

Un|cz :F JKF znavuk|g) k awii |koeg na :FHJKF) jnhhwobjkvbno kof JKF p|nfwjvbqbvrvnniz) piwz PFHUn|cz) ko gkzr(vn(zgv(wp(kof(wzgp|nfwjv fkvk hkokeghgov $PFH" zniwvbno vdkv bzwob{wgir kfkpvgf vn hkokeboe ZnibfUn|cz p|nfwjvfkvk an| vdg bofbqbfwki n| un|ce|nwp/ Vdg ZnibfUn|cz bovg|akjg dkz lggo bhp|nqgf vn fgj|gkzghnwzg v|kqgi kof boj|gkzg vdg zj|ggo |gki gzvkvg

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Jnhpwvg| Kbfgf Fgzbeo $Jnhpwvg| Bovge|kvgf Hkowakjvw|boe" Uk{kz Kib Vwobn

7 Bozvbvwvg na Hkowakjvw|boe Goebogg|boe ! Hkokeghgov) Pkcbzvko Okqr Goebogg|boe Jniigeg

Okvbnoki Wobqg|zbvr na Zjbgojgz ! Vgjdoniner $uuu/pogj/owzv/gfw/pc"

kqkbiklig an| fgzbeo/ K ogu Jnhhkof Hkokeg|ikrnwv) ghlgffgf qbgu fbzpikr hgowz) kofjwzvnhb}klig pnp(wp vnnilk|z boj|gkzg gaabjbgojrkof un|cainu/ Egvvboe vn jnhhnoir wzgfjnhhkofz kof jwzvnhb}boe vdg ikrnwv ubii lg

gkzbg| vdko gqg| kof ubii lgogabv ogu kof gtbzvboewzg|z kibcg/ Vdg ogu Hnvbno Hkokeg| dkz k cgra|khg(lkzgf vbhgibog kof jnov|niz hnvn|z) e|kqbvr)kof zp|boez lkzgf no vbhg

Vw|ln JKF P|n ;6 Pikvbowh Gfbvbno agkvw|gzwopk|kiigigf fgzbeo pnug| kof p|nfwjvbqbvrjnhlbogf ubvd kfqkojgf vnniz an| hgjdkobjki kofk|jdbvgjvw|ki fgzbeo/ Dkz bovge|kvgf <F f|kavboe):F zw|akjg kof KJBZ¯ znibf hnfgiboe) kofIbedvUn|cz¯ pdnvn|gkibzvbj |gofg|boe naag|f|khkvbj qbzwki |gzwivz udbig egnhgv|bj koffbhgozbnoki jnozv|kbov hkokeghgov vnniz) kofzwpg|bn| abig an|hkv jnhpkvblbibvr) naag| kffgfpnug| kof p|gjbzbno/ Vw|lnJKF kizn dkz kogtvgozbqg jniigjvbno na k|jdbvgjvw|ki pk|khgv|bjnlmgjv vrpgz kof zdkpgz an| fnn|z) ubofnuz) zvkb|z)kof |kbiboez/

Znibf Gfeg bz pnug|awi :F JKF znavuk|g vdkvkiinuz hkowakjvw|boe jnhpkobgz vn v|kozan|h vdgb|p|njgzz na boonqkvbno kof kjdbgqg jnhpgvbvbqgkfqkovkeg/ Znibf Gfeg fgibqg|z vdg lgogabvz na k

awiir bovge|kvgf kof hkokegf fgzbeo fbzjbpibog vdkvgkzgz vdg e|nuboe jnhpigtbvr na p|nfwjv fgzbeo/Znibf Gfeg bz vdg noir hkbozv|gkh hgjdkobjkizrzvgh vdkv hg|egz fgzbeo hkokeghgovjkpklbibvbgz ubvd vdg JKF vnniz vdkv fgzbeog|z wzggqg|r fkr/ No vdg Bovg|ogv) rnw ubii abof k inv na :f jkf znavuk|g |gqbguz kz ugii kz k|jdbvgjvw|kijkf znavuk|g |gqbgu/ JKF znavuk|g |gqbguz hwzvpnbov nwv vdg kfqkovkegz kof fbzkfqkovkegz na vdgebqgo p|nfwjv /Vn hkcg ko gfwjkvgf lwrboefgjbzbno) |gkf kz hkor jkf znavuk|g |gqbguz kz

rnw jko/ \gkfboe |gqbguz na jkf znavuk|g jko|gkiir dgip rnw nwv bo rnw| zgk|jd an| vdg |bedvp|nfwjv/

JKF znavuk|g an| Hkj

Jkf znavuk|g an| Hkj bz zpgjbabjkiir fgzbeogf an|wzg|z na vdg Hkjbovnzd npg|kvboe zrzvgh/ Kivdnwedvdg JKF znavuk|g kppibjkvbnoz an| Ubofnuz k|ghn|g kof gkzbg| vn abof) vdg|g k|g hn|g vdkogonwed jkf znavuk|g an| Hkj) zn rnw dkqg ennf

npvbnoz bo a|nov na rnw/ Vn zvk|v ubvd) JKF zvkofzan| Jnhpwvg| Kbfgf Fgzbeo/ JKF znavuk|g bz kp|ne|kh vdkv kiinuz rnw vn f|ku nlmgjvz ubvdpg|agjv p|gjbzbno wzboe k hnwzg n| ko gigjv|nobjf|kuboe pkf/ Vdg lbeegzv kfqkovkeg na kor Jkfznavuk|g an| Hkj bz vdg klbibvr vn wzg zpgjbkif|kuboe vnniz/ Bo vdg ibogz lgiinu) ug ubii |gqbguzgqg|ki na vdg lgzv jkf znavuk|g an| Hkj/HkjF|kav P|n bz JKF znavuk|g an| Hkj/ Bv jnhgzbo vun gfbvbnoz ( P|nagzzbnoki kof Pg|znoki/ VdbzJKF znavuk|g bz an| dnhg fgzbeo) udbjd gokligz

rnw vn j|gkvg fgzbeoz an| k|jdbvgjvw|ki kof e|kpdbjwzg/ PJF|kav kof PJF|kav Pg|znoki Gfbvbno k|gkizn kqkbiklig an| vdg Ubofnuz pikvan|h/ Fgzbeogfan| JKF wzg|z na kii igqgiz) Hbj|nzpnv HkjF|kavnaag|z k awii jnhpighgov na f|kuboe vnniz/ Bvzhwivbikrg|gf) zjkigf f|kuboe goqb|nohgov zwppn|vzlnvd aggv.bojdgz kof hgv|bj fbhgozbnoz/ Bv%z pg|agjvan| p|nfwjboe zbhpig zcgvjdgz n| jnhpigtzcgvjdgz3 Hbj|nzpnv HkjF|kav bz gtjgiigov an| kiian|hz na hgjdkobjki) k|jdbvgjvw|ki kof goebogg|boefgzbeo) kz ugii kz an| vgjdobjki biiwzv|kvbno/

Pwojd+ Dnhg Fgzbeo Zvwfbn bz :f jkf znavuk|gan| Hkj NZ/ Bv%z p|nagzzbnoki) rgv gkzr vn wzg/Agkvw|gz ko bovwbvbqg bovg|akjg kof zbhpig vnniz an|{wbjc igk|oboe jw|qg/ Vdg ghlgffgf jwvvboe(gfegvgjdoniner j|gkvgz l|gkvdvkcboe :F qbguz ubvdjnov|niiklig zwo koeig kof zdkfnuz/ \g{wb|gz HkjNZ T ;0/6 Vbeg| n| dbedg|/ Dkz p|gfkuo fgjc vghpikvgz vn egv rnw zvk|vgf akzv/ Vdg PdnvnQbguagkvw|g kiinuz rnw vn kff kor zjkoogf n|pdnvne|kpdgf nlmgjv vn rnw| fgzbeo/

Vw|lnJKF Hkj P|n q< bz k :f jkf fgzbeo znavuk|gan| Hkj fgibqg|z vdg dbedgzv {wkibvr f|kavboekqkbiklig an| j|gkvboe jnhpigt) p|gjbzbno f|kuboez/Vw|lnJKF Hkj P|n q< agkvw|gz <F f|kavboe kof:F hnfgiboe bo nog gkzr vn wzg p|ne|kh ubvdpnug|awi vnniz vdkv l|boe rnw| bfgkz vn ibag/ Gkzbirvw|o rnw| Kfnlg Biiwzv|kvn| fgzbeoz bovn JKF

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Jnhpwvg| Kbfgf Fgzbeo $Jnhpwvg| Bovge|kvgf Hkowakjvw|boe" Uk{kz Kib Vwobn

1 Bozvbvwvg na Hkowakjvw|boe Goebogg|boe ! Hkokeghgov) Pkcbzvko Okqr Goebogg|boe Jniigeg

Okvbnoki Wobqg|zbvr na Zjbgojgz ! Vgjdoniner $uuu/pogj/owzv/gfw/pc"

f|kuboez ubvd fbhgozbnoz) kof bhpn|v pnpwik|JKF abigz bovn Biiwzv|kvn|/ Pg|agjv an| jnoqg|vboevgjdobjki f|kuboez bovn fgzcvnp pwlibzdboe an|hkvzan| wzg bo l|njdw|gz kof nvdg| hk|cgvboe hkvg|bkiz/Vdg qg|zbno an| vdg Hkjbovnzd pikvan|h jnzvz

k|nwof &600/ Bv |g{wb|gz Hkjbovnzd NZ T ;0/6 n|dbedg| /Vdg|g bz kwvn jkf znavuk|g an| Hkj/ JKFznavuk|g an| kppig Hkj bz an| vdg wzg|z na vdgHkjbovnzd npg|kvboe zrzvgh/ No vdg Bovg|ogv) rnwubii gkzbir abof jkf k|jdbvgjvw|ki znavuk|g an| Hkjkof jkf fgzbeo bovg|bn| znavuk|g an| Hkj/ Jkfdnhg fgzbeo znavuk|g an| Hkj bz kqkbiklig kv

Vrpgz na jkf znavuk|g

Jnhpwvg| Kbfgf Fgzbeo $n| F|kavboe") kizn conuokz JKF) bz k fgzbeo vnni vdkv ghpinrz jnhpwvg|z vnj|gkvg f|kuboez kof hnfgiz na p|nfwjvz udbig vdgrk|g bo vdg p|njgzz na lgboe j|gkvgf/ JKF ukz ab|zvj|gkvgf bo vdg gk|ir ;210z kof vnfkr bz wzgf vnfgzbeo kihnzv gqg|r p|nfwjv no vdg hk|cgv bo vdgun|if/ Hkor vrpgz na JKF gtbzv an| fbaag|govkppibjkvbnoz) kof kornog bovg|gzvgf bo dnup|nfwjvz k|g fgzbeogf hkr lg bovg|gzvgf bo igk|oboehn|g/

<F JKF

Vun(fbhgozbnoki) n| <F) JKF bz wzgf vn j|gkvgaikv f|kuboez na p|nfwjvz kof zv|wjvw|gz/ Nlmgjvzj|gkvgf bo <F JKF k|g hkfg wp na ibogz) jb|jigz)nqkiz) zinvz kof jw|qgz/ <F JKF p|ne|khz wzwkiirbojiwfg k ibl|k|r na egnhgv|bj bhkegz3 vdg klbibvr vnj|gkvg Lg}bg| jw|qgz) zpbogz kof pinvibogz3 vdg klbibvrvn fgabog dkvjdboe pkvvg|oz3 kof vdg klbibvr vnp|nqbfg k lbii na hkvg|bkiz egog|kvbno/ Khnoe vdghnzv pnpwik| <F JKF p|ne|khz k|g KwvnJKF)JKFcgr) JKFFZ 7) JKVBK q6 kof Hgfwzk/

</7 F JKF

Bo lgvuggo <F kof :F JKF bz </7(F JKF/ Vdghnfgiz j|gkvgf bo vdbz vrpg na JKF k|g p|bzhkvbj)vdkv bz) vdgr |gp|gzgov vdg fgpvd na vdg nlmgjvz/ Ibcg<F JKF) vdgzg nlmgjvz k|g hkfg wp na egnhgv|bjnlmgjvz/

:F JKF

Vd|gg(fbhgozbnoki $:F" JKF p|ne|khz jnhg bo kubfg qk|bgvr na vrpgz) bovgofgf an| fbaag|govkppibjkvbnoz kof igqgiz na fgvkbi/ Nqg|kii) :F JKF

p|ne|khz j|gkvg k |gkibzvbj hnfgi na udkv vdgfgzbeo nlmgjv ubii innc ibcg) kiinuboe fgzbeog|z vnzniqg pnvgovbki p|nlighz gk|ibg| kof ubvd inug|p|nfwjvbno jnzvz/ Znhg :F JKF p|ne|khz bojiwfgKwvnfgzc Boqgovn|) JnJ|gkvg Znibf Fgzbeog|)P|n.Goebogg| ZnibfGfeg) ZnibfUn|cz) Wobe|kpdbjzOT kof QT JKF/

:F Ub|ga|khg kof Zw|akjg Hnfgiboe

JKF p|ne|khz vdkv agkvw|g :F ub|ga|khg kofzw|akjg hnfgiboe j|gkvg k zcgigvno(ibcg boog|zv|wjvw|g na vdg nlmgjv lgboe hnfgigf/ K zw|akjg bzkffgf no ikvg|/ Vdgzg vrpgz na JKF hnfgiz k|gfbaabjwiv vn v|kozikvg bovn nvdg| znavuk|g kof k|gvdg|gan|g |k|gir wzgf korhn|g/

Znibf Hnfgiboe

Znibf hnfgiboe bo egog|ki bz wzgawi lgjkwzg vdgp|ne|kh bz navgo klig vn jkijwikvg vdg fbhgozbnozna vdg nlmgjv bv bz j|gkvboe/ Hkor zwl(vrpgz na vdbzgtbzv/ Jnozv|wjvbqg Znibf Egnhgv|r $JZE" JKFwzgz vdg zkhg lkzbj inebj kz <F JKF) vdkv bz) bvwzgz p|gpk|gf znibf egnhgv|bj nlmgjvz vn j|gkvg konlmgjv/ Dnugqg|) vdgzg vrpgz na JKF znavuk|gnavgo jkoonv lg kfmwzvgf nojg vdgr k|g j|gkvgf/Lnwofk|r \gp|gzgovkvbno $L|gp" znibf hnfgiboevkcgz JZE bhkegz kof ibocz vdgh vnegvdg|/ Drl|bfzrzvghz hbt JZE kof L|gp vn kjdbgqg fgzb|gffgzbeoz/

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Jnhpwvg| Kbfgf Fgzbeo $Jnhpwvg| Bovge|kvgf Hkowakjvw|boe" Uk{kz Kib Vwobn

5 Bozvbvwvg na Hkowakjvw|boe Goebogg|boe ! Hkokeghgov) Pkcbzvko Okqr Goebogg|boe Jniigeg

Okvbnoki Wobqg|zbvr na Zjbgojgz ! Vgjdoniner $uuu/pogj/owzv/gfw/pc"

Fgzj|bpvbno na Akhnwz

JKF Znavuk|g‒z 

KwvnJKFKwvnJKF bz k znavuk|g kppibjkvbno an| jnhpwvg|(kbfgf fgzbeo $JKF" kof f|kavboe/ Vdg znavuk|gzwppn|vz lnvd <F kof :F an|hkvz/ Vdg znavuk|g bzfgqginpgf kof znif lr Kwvnfgzc) Boj/bbb Ab|zv|gigkzgf bo Fgjghlg| ;24< lr Kwvnfgzc bo vdgrgk| aniinuboe vdg pw|jdkzg na vdg ab|zv an|h na vdgznavuk|g lr Kwvnfgzc anwofg|) Mndo Ukicg|/ KwvnJKF bz Kwvnfgzc%z aikezdbp p|nfwjv kof lrHk|jd ;241 dkf lgjnhg vdg hnzvwlb{wbvnwz hbj|njnhpwvg| fgzbeo p|ne|kh bo vdgun|if) wvbib}boe awojvbnoz zwjd kz ,pinvibogz, kof,jw|qg abvvboe,/bq P|bn| vn vdg bov|nfwjvbno na KwvnJKF) hnzv nvdg| JKF p|ne|khz |kono hkboa|khg jnhpwvg|z n| hbobjnhpwvg|z) ubvdgkjd wzg|%z wobv jnoogjvgf vn k e|kpdbjz jnhpwvg|/q 

JKVBK

JKVBK $Jnhpwvg| Kbfgf Vd|gg(fbhgozbnokiBovg|kjvbqg Kppibjkvbno" bz k hwivb(pikvan|hJKF.JKH.JKG jnhhg|jbki znavuk|g zwbvg

fgqginpgf lr vdg A|gojd jnhpkor KzzkwivZrzvghgz/ U|bvvgo bo vdg J## p|ne|khhboeikoewkeg) JKVBK bz vdg jn|og|zvnog na vdg KzzkwivZrzvghgz p|nfwjv ibagjrjig hkokeghgov znavuk|gzwbvg/

JKVBK jnhpgvgz bo vdg dbed(gof JKF.JKH.JKGhk|cgv ubvd Zbghgoz OT/

ZnibfUn|cz

ZnibfUn|cz bz k :F hgjdkobjki JKF $jnhpwvg|(kbfgf fgzbeo" p|ne|kh vdkv |woz no Hbj|nznavUbofnuz kof bz lgboe fgqginpgf lr KzzkwivZrzvähgz ZnibfUn|cz Jn|p/) k zwlzbfbk|r na Kzzkwiv Zrzvähgz) Z/ K/ $Qâib}r) A|kojg"/ZnibfUn|cz bz jw||govir wzgf lr nqg| ;/: hbiibnogoebogg|z kof fgzbeog|z kv hn|g vdko ;:0)000

jnhpkobgz un|ifubfg/ AR<002 |gqgowg an|ZnibfUn|cz ukz :11 hbiibno fniik|zqb 

ZnibfUn|cz $ZnibfUn|cz Jn|pn|kvbno" bz kokppibjkvbno wzgf an| vdg fgzbeo) fgvkbiboe kofqkibfkvbno na p|nfwjvz) zrzvghz) hkjdbogz kofvnniboez/ Kii qg|zbnoz bojiwfg hnfgiboe)kzzghlibgz) f|kuboe) zdggv hgvki) ugifhgov) kofa|ggan|h zw|akjboe awojvbnokibvr/ Bv kizn dkzzwppn|v an| zj|bpvboe bo Qbzwki Lkzbj kof J/ 

JKF Znibf Gfeg Zpgjbki Znavuk|g‒z 

Fgzbeo qkibfkvbno vnniz

  ZnibfUn|cz Zbhwikvbno bz k fgzbeo qkibfkvbnovnni vdkv zdnuz goebogg|z dnu vdgb| fgzbeozubii lgdkqg kz pdrzbjki nlmgjvz/

  ZnibfUn|cz Hnvbno bz k qb|vwki p|nvnvrpboevnni vdkv p|nqbfgz hnvbno zbhwikvbnojkpklbibvbgz vn gozw|g fgzbeoz awojvbnop|npg|ir/

  ZnibfUn|cz Ainu Zbhwikvbno bz k vnni vdkvvgzvz bovg|oki kof gtvg|oki aiwbf(ainu zbhwikvbnokof vdg|hki kokirzbz zn fgzbeog|z jko jnofwjvvgzvz no qb|vwki p|nvnvrpgz/

  ZnibfUn|cz Zbhwikvbno P|ghbwh bz k AbobvgGighgov Kokirzbz $AGK" fgzbeo qkibfkvbno vnnivdkv jko dkofig znhg hwivbpdrzbjz zbhwikvbnozkz ugii kz onoibogk| hkvg|bkiz/

  ZnibfUn|cz Zwzvkboklbibvr bz k p|nfwjv vdkvhgkzw|gz vdg goqb|nohgovki bhpkjv na fgzbeozudbig vdgr k|g hnfgigf bo ZnibfUn|cz/

P|nfwjv fkvk hkokeghgov vnniz

  ZnibfUn|cz Un|ce|nwp PFH bz k PFH vnnivdkv kiinuz ZnibfUn|cz wzg|z npg|kvboe bovgkhz na ;0 hghlg|z n| igzz vn un|c nofgzbeoz jnojw||govir/ Ubvd ZnibfUn|cz PFHUn|ce|nwp) fgzbeog|z jko zgk|jd) |gqbzg) kofqkwiv JKF fkvk udbig hkbovkboboe ko kjjw|kvgfgzbeo dbzvn|r/

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Jnhpwvg| Kbfgf Fgzbeo $Jnhpwvg| Bovge|kvgf Hkowakjvw|boe" Uk{kz Kib Vwobn

4 Bozvbvwvg na Hkowakjvw|boe Goebogg|boe ! Hkokeghgov) Pkcbzvko Okqr Goebogg|boe Jniigeg

Okvbnoki Wobqg|zbvr na Zjbgojgz ! Vgjdoniner $uuu/pogj/owzv/gfw/pc"

  ZnibfUn|cz Govg|p|bzg PFH bz k PFH vnnivdkv kiinuz ZnibfUn|cz wzg|z npg|kvboe bovgkhz kv qk|bnwz zgpk|kvg akjbibvbgz vn un|c nofgzbeoz jnojw||govir/ Ubvd ZnibfUn|czGovg|p|bzg PFH ) fgzbeog|z jko zgk|jd) |gqbzg)

kof qkwiv JKF fkvk udbig hkbovkboboe kokjjw|kvg fgzbeo dbzvn|r/ Govg|p|bzg PFHhkbovkboz ko kwfbv v|kbi) bz jnhpkvblig ubvd kqk|bgvr na JKG pkjckegz $KwvnFgzc) Zbghgoz)PVJ) Jkvbk) gvj/" vn hkbovkbo bovg|abig |gikvbnoz)kof ubii hkokeg vdg |gqbzbnoz na kor fnjwhgovzkqgf bo vdg qkwiv/ Govg|p|bzg PFH kizn wzgz kun|cainu fbke|kh vn kwvnhkvbjkiir onvbar vgkhhghlg|z udgo k p|nmgjv hnqgz a|nh nog zvkegvn vdg ogtv) kz ugii kz v|kjcboe jnhhgovz/Govg|p|bzg PFH bz jkpklig na bovg|akjboe ubvd

qk|bnwz H\P.G\P zrzvghz kof jko lg wzgfnoibog vn bovg|akjg ubvd jwzvnhg|z kof vdgzwppir jdkbo/

  %ZnibfUn|cz o+Aw}g% bz k jinwf(lkzgf PFHvnni vdkv kiinuz wzg|z npg|kvboe bo fbaag|govinjkvbnoz vn jniikln|kvg udbig p|nqbfboe hkorna vdg agkvw|gz na ZnibfUn|cz Govg|p|bzg PFHubvd igzz BV boa|kzv|wjvw|g bo(dnwzg/

Fgzbeo jnhhwobjkvbno kof jniikln|kvbno vnniz

  gF|kuboez P|nagzzbnoki Ko g(hkbi(gokligfjnhhwobjkvbno vnni an| |gqbguboe <F kof :Fp|nfwjv fgzbeo fkvk kj|nzz vdg gtvgofgfp|nfwjv fgqginphgov vgkh/ gF|kuboezegog|kvgz kjjw|kvg |gp|gzgovkvbnozna FUEekvgukr bz k a|gg fkvk v|kozikvbno vnnivdkv gokligz kor KwvnJKF znavuk|g wzg| vnnpgo kof gfbv kor FUE abig) |gek|figzz na vdgqg|zbno na KwvnJKF bv ukz hkfg bo/

  ZnibfUn|cz Qbgug| bz k a|gg piwe(bo an|

qbguboe ZnibfUn|cz pk|vz) kzzghlibgz) koff|kuboez/

  %:FQBK Jnhpnzg|% bz k vgjdobjkijnhhwobjkvbnoz znavuk|g vdkv kiinuz :F qbguzna hnfgiz vn lg bovge|kvgf bovn vdg fnjwhgov)udgvdg| vdkv bz hkowkiz) kfqg|vbzghgovz) n|

ugl kppibjkvbnoz/ Vdg :F qbguz k|g wpfkvgfkwvnhkvbjkiir udgo vdg fgzbeo wpfkvgz)|gfwjboe vdg un|cinkf na vdg ghpinrggj|gkvboe vdg vgjdobjki fnjwhgov) kz gfbvboe an|jdkoegz bz onv kz zgqg|g/

JKF p|nfwjvbqbvr vnniz

  ZnibfUn|cz Vnnilnt bz k ibl|k|r na pk|vz vdkvwzgz ,Zhk|v Pk|v, Vgjdoniner vn kwvnhkvbjkiirzgigjv akzvgog|z kof kzzghlig vdgh bo vdgfgzb|gf zg{wgojg/

  ZnibfUn|cz Wvbibvbgz bz znavuk|g vdkv igvzfgzbeog|z abof fbaag|gojgz lgvuggo vunqg|zbnoz na vdg zkhg pk|v) n| injkvg) hnfbar)kof zwpp|gzz agkvw|gz ubvdbo k hnfgi/

  Agkvw|gUn|cz bz agkvw|g |gjneobvbno znavuk|gvdkv igvz fgzbeog|z hkcg jdkoegz vn zvkvbjegnhgv|bj fkvk) boj|gkzboe vdg qkiwg na v|kozikvgf abigz/ Ubvd Agkvw|gUn|cz) fgzbeog|zjko p|gzg|qg n| bov|nfwjg ogu fgzbeo bovgovudgo l|boeboe :F hnfgiz j|gkvgf bo nvdg|znavuk|g bovn vdg ZnibfUn|cz goqb|nohgov/

Zpgjbkivr fgzbeo vnniz

  ZnibfUn|cz \nwvboe 

  HnifainuTp|gzz bz k hnif fgzbeo qkibfkvbnovnni vdkv ukz lwbiv bovn k znibf hnfgiboegoqb|nohgov/ Bv gokligz hnif fgzbeog|z vn{wbjcir kof gkzbir qkibfkvg udgvdg| k pikzvbjbomgjvbno(hnifgf pk|v jko lg abiigf/

  ZnibfUn|cz HnifLkzg bz k jkvkine na zvkofk|fhnif lkzg kzzghlibgz kof jnhpnogovz/ Vdgpkjckeg gokligz fgzbeog|z vn egog|kvg k

jnhpigvgir kzzghligf hnif lkzg/

  P|bov:F bz k :F p|bovboe agkvw|g vdkv kiinuzwzg|z vn jnoqg|v vdgb| :F JKF hnfgi vn k /ZVIabig kof vdgo dkqg bv zgov vn zpgjbkivrhkowakjvw|g|z an| {wnvg/ Vdg /ZVI abigz jko lgwzgf vn egog|kvg ko bozvkov lbofboe {wnvgfwzboe vdg [wbjc{wnvg vgjdoniner/

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Jnhpwvg| Kbfgf Fgzbeo $Jnhpwvg| Bovge|kvgf Hkowakjvw|boe" Uk{kz Kib Vwobn

2 Bozvbvwvg na Hkowakjvw|boe Goebogg|boe ! Hkokeghgov) Pkcbzvko Okqr Goebogg|boe Jniigeg

Okvbnoki Wobqg|zbvr na Zjbgojgz ! Vgjdoniner $uuu/pogj/owzv/gfw/pc"

  F|bqgUn|cz Tp|gzz F|bqgUn|czTp|gzz bz|wigz(lkzgf fgzbeo kwvnhkvbno vnni an|goebogg|z/ J|gkvg hwivbpig qk|bkvbnoz na pk|vz)kzzghlibgz kof f|kuboez {wbjcir kofkjjw|kvgir/

Kwvnfgzc Hkrk

Kwvnfgzc Hkrk) jnhhnoir zdn|vgogf vn Hkrk) bz:F jnhpwvg| e|kpdbjz znavuk|g vdkv |woz noHbj|nznav Ubofnuz) Hkj NZ kof Ibowt) n|bebokiirfgqginpgf lr Kibkz Zrzvghz Jn|pn|kvbno $an|hg|irKibkzyUkqga|nov" kof jw||govir nuogf koffgqginpgf lr Kwvnfgzc) Boj/ Bv bz wzgf vn j|gkvgbovg|kjvbqg :F kppibjkvbnoz) bojiwfboe qbfgn ekhgz)kobhkvgf abih) VQ zg|bgz) n| qbzwki gaagjvz/ Vdg

p|nfwjv bz okhgf kavg| vdg Zkozc|bv un|f Hkrk vdgDbofw jnojgpv na biiwzbno/qbb 

Kfqkojg Fgzbeo

Kfqkojg Fgzbeo bz k jnhpwvg|(kbfgf goebogg|boe$JKG" znavuk|g kppibjkvbno fgqginpgf lrE\KBVGJ kof fgfbjkvgf vn zv|wjvw|ki kokirzbz koffgzbeo na |gboan|jgf jnoj|gvg . zvggi zv|wjvw|gz kofkwvnhkvgf j|gkvbno na fgzbeo |gpn|vz/

Kfqkojg Zvggi

Kfqkojg Zvggi bz k JKF znavuk|g kppibjkvbno an|:F hnfgiboe kof fgvkbiboe na zvggi zv|wjvw|gz boKwvnJKF kof kwvnhkvbj j|gkvbno na akl|bjkvbnof|kuboez) lbii na hkvg|bkiz kof OJ abigz) fgqginpgflr E\KBVGJ/

Kfqkojg Jnoj|gvg

Kfqkojg Jnoj|gvg bz k jnhpwvg|(kbfgf fgzbeo$JKF" znavuk|g kppibjkvbno fgqginpgf lr

E\KBVGJ kof wzgf an| hnfgiboe kof fgvkbiboe|gboan|jgf jnoj|gvg zv|wjvw|gz bo KwvnJKF/Kfqkojg Jnoj|gvg bz wzgf bo vdg zv|wjvw|ki . jbqbigoebogg|boe kof f|kavboe abgifz/

K|jdbJKF

K|jdbJKF bz ko k|jdbvgjvw|ki LBH JKF znavuk|gan| Hkjbovnzd kof Ubofnuz fgqginpgf lrvdg Dwoek|bko jnhpkor E|kpdbznav/ K|jdbJKF

naag|z zpgjbkib}gf zniwvbnoz an| dkofiboe kiijnhhno kzpgjvz na kgzvdgvbjz kof goebogg|boefw|boe vdg udnig fgzbeo p|njgzz na vdg lwbivgoqb|nohgov  ‖  lwbifboez) bovg|bn|z) w|lko k|gkz)gvj/ Fgqginphgov na K|jdbJKF zvk|vgf bo ;24< an|vdg n|beboki Kppig Hkjbovnzd/ K|jdbJKF bz|gjneob}gf kz vdg ab|zv JKF p|nfwjv no k pg|znokijnhpwvg| klig vn j|gkvg lnvd <F f|kuboez kofpk|khgv|bj :F egnhgv|r/qbbb Bo bvz fglwvbo ;245 K|jdbJKF kizn lgjkhg vdg ab|zvbhpighgovkvbno na LBH wofg| E|kpdbznav%z ,Qb|vwki

Lwbifboe, jnojgpv/

bt

Vnfkr hn|g vdko;70)000 k|jdbvgjvz k|g wzboe bv bo vdg lwbifboefgzbeo bofwzv|r

Kwvnfgzc Boqgovn|

Kwvnfgzc Boqgovn|) fgqginpgf lr W/Z/(lkzgfznavuk|g jnhpkor Kwvnfgzc) bz :F hgjdkobjkiznibf hnfgiboe fgzbeo znavuk|g an| j|gkvboe :Ffbebvki p|nvnvrpgz wzgf bo vdg fgzbeo) qbzwkib}kvbnokof zbhwikvbno na p|nfwjvz/ Kwvnfgzc Boqgovn|jnhpgvgz fb|gjvir ubvd ZnibfUn|cz kof ZnibfGfegkof igzz fb|gjvir ubvd J|gn Gighgovz.P|n) JKVBK)kof OT $Wobe|kpdbjz"/ Kwvnfgzc Boqgovn| wzgzZdkpgHkokeg|) vdgb| p|np|bgvk|r egnhgv|bjhnfgiboe cg|ogi/

L|bjzjkf kof J\I(JKF

L|bjzjkf bz k JKF pkjckeg fgqginpgf lr L|bjzrz/ Wovbi |gigkzg ;0 bv ukz lwbiv wzboevdgBovgiibJKF goebog/t Bv bz fgzbeogf an| Ubofnuzkof bz khnoe vdg agu jnhhg|jbkiir zwppn|vgf

JKF pkjckegz udbjd |wo no Ibowt/ 

L|bjzjkf wzgz vdg Npgo FgzbeoKiibkojg FUE ibl|k|bgz vn |gkf kof u|bvgvdg FUE abig an|hkv hkfg pnpwik| lrvdg KwvnJKF JKF pkjckeg/ L|bjzjkf bhpighgovzvdg KwvnIBZP zj|bpvboe ikoewkeg) QLK kof L\T/ 

7/31/2019 Computer Aided Design by Waqas Ali Tunio

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/computer-aided-design-by-waqas-ali-tunio 10/10

Jnhpwvg| Kbfgf Fgzbeo $Jnhpwvg| Bovge|kvgf Hkowakjvw|boe" Uk{kz Kib Vwobn

;0 Bozvbvwvg na Hkowakjvw|boe Goebogg|boe ! Hkokeghgov) Pkcbzvko Okqr Goebogg|boe Jniigeg

Okvbnoki Wobqg|zbvr na Zjbgojgz ! Vgjdoniner $uuu/pogj/owzv/gfw/pc"

Vdg znavuk|g bz jkpklig na hnzv jnovghpn|k|rKwvnJKF |gigkzg awojvbnoz/ An|hg|ir vdg|g ukznoir Ubofnuz okvbqg qg|zbno $nog vbhg vdg|g ukzko naabjbki Ubog zwppn|v") lwv no 5 Zgpvghlg|<0;0 ab|zv okvbqg Ibowt qg|zbno na L|bjzjkf ukz

|gigkzgf

tb

/ Vdg|g bz on bofbjkvbno no vdg L|bjzJKFuglzbvg vdkv vdgr bojiwfg n| dkqg pikoz vn bojiwfgLBH awojvbnokibvr n| BAJ gtpn|v/

L\I(JKF

L\I(JKF bz k jnozv|wjvbqg znibfegnhgv|r $JZE" znibf hnfgiboe jnhpwvg|(kbfgffgzbeo$JKF" zrzvgh/ Bv bojiwfgz kobovg|kjvbqg egnhgv|r gfbvn|) |kr v|kjboe zwppn|van| e|kpdbjz |gofg|boe kof egnhgv|bjkokirzbz) jnhpwvg| ogvun|c fbzv|blwvgf a|khg

lwaag| zwppn|v) zj|bpvboe) bhkeg(p|njgzzboe kofzbeoki(p|njgzzboe vnniz/ Vdg govb|g pkjckeg bzfbzv|blwvgf bo znw|jg jnfg kof lbok|r an|h/

JbvrGoebog

JbvrGoebog $P|njgfw|ki Boj" bz k :Fhnfgiboe kppibjkvbno zpgjbkib}gf bo vdg egog|kvbnona vd|gg fbhgozbnoki w|lko goqb|nohgovz/ Ubvdvdg p|njgfw|kihnfgiboe kpp|nkjd) JbvrGoebog gokligz vdg

gaabjbgov j|gkvbno na fgvkbigf ik|eg(zjkig :F jbvrhnfgiz) bv bz kqkbiklig an| Hkj NZT) Ubofnuz kof Ibowt/ 

Znibf Gfeg 

Znibf Gfeg$ Zbghgoz PIH Znavuk|g" bz kjnhhg|jbki kppibjkvbno an| fgzbeo) f|kavboe)kokirzbz) kof zbhwikvbno na p|nfwjvz) zrzvghz)

hkjdbogz kof vnniz/ Kii qg|zbnoz bojiwfg agkvw|g(lkzgf pk|khgv|bj hnfgiboe) kzzghlir hnfgiboe)f|kavboe) zdggv hgvki) ugifhgov) a|ggan|h zw|akjgfgzbeo) kof fkvk hkokeghgov/ Kppibjkvbno(p|ne|khhboe bovg|akjgz goklig zj|bpvboe bo Lkzbjkof J p|ne|khhboe/ 

znibfVdbocboe

znibfVdbocboe $znibfVdbocboe" bz k :Fznibf.zw|akjg hnfgiboe kof |gofg|boe zwbvg udbjdagkvw|gz k jnozv|wjvbno v|gg hgvdnf na fgqginphgov/ Vdg v|gg bz vdg ,dbzvn|r, na vdg hnfgijnozv|wjvbno p|njgzz kof kiinuz |gki(vbhg wpfkvgzudgo hnfbabjkvbnoz k|g hkfg vn pnbovz) jw|qgz)pk|khgvg|z n| govb|g nlmgjvz/

Zubav :F

Zubav :F $Gigjv|bj \kbo" bz k |gikvbqgir bogtpgozbqg:F fgzbeo) hnfgiboe) kof kobhkvbno kppibjkvbnovk|egvgf vn gov|r(igqgi :F wzg|z kof KfnlgAikzd fgzbeog|z/ Zubav :F zwppn|vz qgjvn| kof|kzvg|(lkzgf :F kobhkvbnoz an| Kfnlg Aikzdkof Hbj|nznav Zbiqg|ibedv TKHI/

 

bUbcbpgfbk

bbJKF \gpn|v

bbbAwofboeWobqg|zg $<0;<"/ ,Kwvnfgzc) Boj/, $bo Goeibzd" $Ugl pkeg"/ awofboewobqg|zg/jnh/ Igofbn/ \gv|bgqgf <2 Hk|jd <0;</

bqPdbi InPbjjnin $<0;;"/ ,<7 RGK\ \GV\NZPGJVBQG Pk|v < JKF.JKH.JKG, $bo Goeibzd" $Ugl pkeg $pikbo k|vbjig npvbno

p|nqbfgf""/ jeu/jnh/ Jnhpwvg| E|kpdbjz Un|if/ \gv|bgqgf <2 Hk|jd <0;</q

AwofboeWobqg|zg $<0;<"/ ,Kwvnfgzc) Boj/, $bo Goeibzd" $Ugl pkeg"/ awofboewobqg|zg/jnh/ Igofbn/ \gv|bgqgf <2 Hk|jd <0;</qb ZnibfUn|cz Akjv Zdggvqbb

 Zkoeggvdk Mndk|b/ ,Dbofw Enffgzzgz = Hkrk ( Dbofw Enffgzz,/ zkokvkoznjbgvr/n|e/ \gv|bgqgf <0;0(;<(;0/ qbbb

 Lwbifboe Boan|hkvbno Hnfgiboe Vun Rgk|z Ikvg|  ‚ Dweg Pnvgovbki) Znhg Zwjjgzz kof Zgqg|ki Ibhbvkvbnoz

$dvvp=..uuu/ikbzg|bo/jnh.agkvw|gz.lbh.oguan|hk^lbh/pfa"bt

dvvp=..uuu/ikbzg|bo/jnh.agkvw|gz.bzzwg;2.agkvw|g0;/pdpt

dvvp=..uuu/l|bjzrz/jnh.jnhhno.|gigkzgonvgz/mzp>p8Ljkf!i8go^WZtb

dvvp=..uuu/l|bjzrz/jnh.jnhhno.|gigkzgonvgz/mzp>p8Ljkf!i8go^WZ