Compost Project

8/4/2019 Compost Project

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Workshop Technical Session 2

Pilot cases on Standardized Baselines

Waste Mangement

Standardized Baseline Opportunity forComposting & PoA Projects

Hemant Nandanpawar

TSF-Carbon Market ProgramAsian Development Bank


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Composting CDM Project

Composting is one of the main low cost / low technologybased effective measure of Solid waste Management

Composting project activity avoids continuous decaying

process of solid waste and helps in GHG emission reduction

It is one of the low investment measure but yet not verypopular due to poor operating economics

There is a great opportunity for composting projects in

developing countries

The carbon revenue can help to promote composting activityin the developing countries


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Major Issues of Composting projects

Annual Emission reductions potential of the small scalecomposting projects (small towns) is quite low as compared

to the CDM process transaction cost

Data collection for preparation of CDM- Project Design

Document (PDD) is cumbersome and difficult for PP of localmunicipalities

Its a complex CDM project as compared to normal

renewable energy CDM projects

Monitoring and record keeping requirements of CDM arealso expensive.


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Opportunities for promotion of CDM

for composting projects

Use of Programmatic Approach for small scale composting

projects - PoA approach will help to reduce the transaction

cost drastically and makes the whole CDM process easy and

fast. Use of Standardized Baseline Approach It will help to

reduce initial data collection efforts and expenses, required

during PDD preparation. Also, it will help to reduce

monitoring efforts and expenses.


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Composting projects for SB developmentFollowing composting projects of ADB project pipe line have

been considered for development of Standardized Baseline

Approach

Rajasthan Composting PoA project, India (under advanced

stage of validation)

Kerala Composting Project, India (Under advanced stage of

validation)

Bangladesh Composting PoA project, Bangladesh (Under

document development stage)

Methodology Used

AMS. III.F. Avoidance of methane through composting


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Step 1: Aggregation Level

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Country and Region

India including different states/regions with differentclimatic condition

Bangladesh Can include other countries like Nepal, Bhutan, Srilanka

where the required level of methane destruction is thesameSector, Technology

Waste Management, Composting process (avoidanceof anaerobic conditions)

Defined output level, Same level of serviceOther level of aggregation

Size of the town, waste composition


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Step 2: Additionality Demonstration

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Project should be treated additional ifcomposting activity is

Not a Mandatory requirement in the country orNot Enforced by the country law

AND it is Financially non attractive or Faces BarriersFinancial

Local habits


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Step 3: Baseline Identification

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The baseline is the most commonly useddisposal and treatment method

No scientific treatment to solid waste.Waste is just dumped on the allocated land

which will remain there permanantly and getsdecayed and leads to methane emission andground water pollutionDanger of explosion


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Step 4: Baseline Emission Factor

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Estimation of Baseline Emission Factor (BEF)

BEy = BE CH4, SWDS,y+ BEww,y+ BECH4,manure,y (MDy,reg * GWP_CH4 )

BE CH4, SWDS,y -to be determined from the Tool todetermine methane emissions avoided from disposal of

waste at a solid waste disposal site with standardizedparameter values It will be different for different representative Parties

regions/climatic zones. Respective party DNA needs to establish and standardize

Conservative EF should be appliedConservative values of parameters are to be selected


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Step 4: BEF Standardization of Parameters

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Major Parameters to be standardized for default values

Methane produced in the year y is calculated as follows:

BE CH4,SWDS,y = (1 f)GWPCH4 (1 OX).16/12.F.DOCj.MCF. Wjx.DoC. e -kj(y-x). (1.e-kj)

Composition of Solid Waste material Standardized percentage (%) of food, paper, wood garden, textile

and inert waste material of the region/party selected

Kj (Decay Rate) values for all waste materials based on region specificselected MAT (mean annual temp) and MAP (mean annual precipitation)for dry/wet climatic condition.

Range of Kj variation is 0.020 (slow degrading, MAT1000mm)

DoC (fraction of degradable organic carbon) values that can bedecomposed

Conservative default values should be selected for standardization

Different set of values to be finalized for different climatic regions/zones


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Step 4: BEF Standardization of values

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Kj Values

Boreal and temperare (MAT 20 C) Tropical (MAT > 20 C)

Dry (MAP/PET1)

Dry

(MAP1000mm

)

Slow

lydegrading

Pulp, paper and

cardboard0.040 0.060 0.045 0.070

Wood & Straw(excl. lignin)

0.020 0.030 0.025 0.035

Moderately

degrading

Garden/Park

Waste (organic

putrescibles)

0.050 0.100 0.065 0.170

Rapidly

degr

ading Food, food

waste,

beverages andtobacco

0.060 0.185 0.085 0.400

DOCj Values

Waste type jDOCj (% wetwaste)

DOCj (% drywaste)

Wood and woodproducts 43 50

Pulp paper andcardboard 40 44

Food, Foodwaste, beveragesand tobecco(Other thansludge) 15 38

Textiles 24 30

Garden, Yardamd Park waste 20 49

Glass, plasticmetal and otherinert material 0 0


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Step 4: BEF Sample Standardization Values

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Rajasthan Composting PoA Project CPA of 75 TPD Composition of Solid Waste - high inert waste of 41%, food-43%, paper/pulp-15%

Kj values Waste material specific, for temperate dry zone Sample Emission values

Kerala Composting Project - 85 TPD plant Composition of Solid Waste high food waste of 79%, inert 15%, paper /pulp-6% Kj values Waste material specific, for temperate dry zone Sample Emission values

Bangladesh Composting PoA Project CDM Study is going on

Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

PE 378 378 378 378 378 378 378 378 378 378

BE 1110 2144 3107 4004 4840 5621 6349 7028 7662 8255

ER 732 1765 2728 3626 4462 5242 5970 6649 7284 7876

PE 2451 2451 2451 2451 2451 2451 2451 2451 2451 2451

BE 6372 10706 13670 15713 17133 18133 18848 19368 19756 20052

ER 3921 8255 11219 13262 14682 15681 16396 16917 17305 17601


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Summary of SB and Way Forward

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Region/Country specific annual Baseline Emissions and accordinglyBEF needs to be established using standard parameter values in the

methane tool. Continuous monitoring of waste material composition is avoided with the

suggested standardization For PoA projects, first CPA data and selected parameter values should

be considered as standard data/values for BE and ER estimations of

later CPAs. Standardization of tool can help partial standardization of AM0025,AM057, AM0039, AM0083, AM0093, ACM001, AMS II-G, II H, III L, III H,III A.F, III A.J, AMS III A.O

DNAs needs to take initiatives for collection of relevant data forstandardization and needs to develop positive lists as per region/country

specific situations Private parties/organizations should be encouraged to submit

region/location specific SB data to DNAs for assessment and onwardsubmission


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Thank you very much for your

kind attention

Hemant Nandanpawar

[email protected]

[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]

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