Completing the Completing the PicturePicture

The continued growth of The continued growth of the United Statesthe United States

Manifest DestinyManifest DestinyThe idea that it was the The idea that it was the

American American RIGHTRIGHT to take to take land desired for the land desired for the expansion of the U.S. expansion of the U.S. territories as well as to territories as well as to spread democracy.spread democracy.

Ripe for expansion:Ripe for expansion:The Oregon TerritoryThe Oregon Territory

Texas Texas

““California”California”

The Oregon TreatyThe Oregon Treaty

1846—James K. Polk signed an 1846—James K. Polk signed an agreement with Great Britain to split agreement with Great Britain to split the Oregon Territory on the 49the Oregon Territory on the 49thth parallel. England controlled the land parallel. England controlled the land north of the 49north of the 49thth parallel, and the parallel, and the United States controlled the land to United States controlled the land to the south.the south.

This settled the boundary This settled the boundary dispute between competing dispute between competing claims by Great Britain and the claims by Great Britain and the United States that had been an United States that had been an issue since 1818.issue since 1818.

The Western TerritoryThe Western Territory

Americans had been Americans had been settling this Mexican settling this Mexican possession well before it possession well before it became a part of the U.S. became a part of the U.S. They were drawn to it due They were drawn to it due to stories, letters, books, to stories, letters, books, paintings, and songs.paintings, and songs.

It was only the charm It was only the charm (laziness) of the people (laziness) of the people that kept California from that kept California from being great.being great.

~~Richard Henry DanaRichard Henry DanaTwo Years Before the MastTwo Years Before the Mast 18401840

““California”California” Polk approached the Mexican Polk approached the Mexican

government with an offer to government with an offer to purchase the land since Americans purchase the land since Americans were settling there, but he was were settling there, but he was refused.refused.

TEXASTEXASHuge tract of land---almost Huge tract of land---almost

emptyempty– WHY?WHY?

No GOLDNo GOLDNo REAL FREEDOMNo REAL FREEDOM

Santa AnnaSanta Anna

Mexican Mexican

dictator who dictator who

did not want did not want

any more any more

English speakingEnglish speaking

Americans in Americans in

TexasTexas

They did it anyway…They did it anyway…

Which led to skirmishes between Which led to skirmishes between American rebels and Mexican American rebels and Mexican settlements.settlements.

Santa Anna’s troops marched against Santa Anna’s troops marched against the rebels, leading to a little the rebels, leading to a little something we call…something we call…

The AlamoThe Alamo

Jim BowieJim Bowie

David “Davy” CrockettDavid “Davy” Crockett

ResultsResults

American Rebels held out for twelve American Rebels held out for twelve days…but fell to Santa Anna’s men. days…but fell to Santa Anna’s men.

All perished but one slave of Crockett All perished but one slave of Crockett and 20 or so women and children.and 20 or so women and children.

““Remember the Alamo” became the Remember the Alamo” became the rallying cry for American settlers rallying cry for American settlers wanting independence.wanting independence.

Sam HoustonSam Houston

Houston’s resume:Houston’s resume:Adopted by Cherokee Adopted by Cherokee

IndiansIndiansLawyerLawyerCongressmanCongressmanGovernor of TennesseeGovernor of TennesseeIndian trader in TexasIndian trader in Texas

Victory Against Santa AnnaVictory Against Santa Anna Battle of San Jacinto-- Sam Houston Battle of San Jacinto-- Sam Houston

rode into the battle on April 21, 1836rode into the battle on April 21, 1836 Lasted a whopping 18 minutesLasted a whopping 18 minutes Santa Anna’s men defeated due to a Santa Anna’s men defeated due to a

siesta siesta IndependenceIndependence

for Texas for Texas

established with established with

treatytreaty

The Lone Star StateThe Lone Star State

Independent nation for nearly a Independent nation for nearly a decade—The Republic of Texasdecade—The Republic of Texas

Wanted to become part of the Wanted to become part of the U.S. but one issue stood in its U.S. but one issue stood in its way…slavery.way…slavery.

1845—admitted as a state of 1845—admitted as a state of the United States of Americathe United States of America

The Mexican WarThe Mexican War Border dispute—Rio Grande or Border dispute—Rio Grande or

Nueces River?Nueces River? Polk sent in troops to TexasPolk sent in troops to Texas Prominent Americans spoke out Prominent Americans spoke out

against war—Douglass, Whitman, against war—Douglass, Whitman, Thoreau, Clay, LincolnThoreau, Clay, Lincoln

Skirmishes occurred in California as Skirmishes occurred in California as wellwell

Resulted in the Treaty of Guadalupe Resulted in the Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoHidalgo

The The Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, , signed on February 2, 1848, signed on February 2, 1848, ended the war and gave the U.S ended the war and gave the U.S ~undisputed control of Texas, ~undisputed control of Texas, ~established the U.S.-Mexican ~established the U.S.-Mexican border of the Rio Grande River, border of the Rio Grande River,

~ceded to the United States ~ceded to the United States California, Nevada, Utah, and California, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Colorado, Arizona, New parts of Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Wyoming. Mexico, and Wyoming.

In return, Mexico received In return, Mexico received $15,000,000. This exchange is $15,000,000. This exchange is known as the known as the Mexican CessionMexican Cession. . Mexicans living in the conquered Mexicans living in the conquered lands could choose to return to lands could choose to return to Mexico or stay and become Mexico or stay and become American citizens.American citizens.

1853--The Gadsden Purchase1853--The Gadsden Purchase– The U.S. paid $10 million to The U.S. paid $10 million to

Mexico to purchase what is Mexico to purchase what is now southern Arizona and now southern Arizona and southern New Mexico for the southern New Mexico for the construction of a southern construction of a southern route for a transcontinental route for a transcontinental railroad.railroad.

Deal, Or No Deal?Deal, Or No Deal?

Deal! Deal!

‘‘There’s GOLD inThere’s GOLD in them thar hills!!’them thar hills!!’

……and an abundanceand an abundanceof natural resources, of natural resources, too!too!