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STATES OF MATTER

• Matter can be classified into groups based on the shape and volume of their moving particles–SOLID–LIQUID–GAS–PLASMA

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• SOLID - state of matter when materials have definite shape and definite volume– Atoms are packed tightly

together–Atoms are arranged neatly,

orderly–Atoms vibrate around the same

location

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Examples of Solids are

• Ice• Frog• Cheese• Bricks• Wood• Popcicle

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• Liquid- state of matter when materials have definite volume and indefinite shape– Liquid takes the same shape as its

container–Particles FLOW past one another easily–Atoms are close, but not tight–Atoms are randomly arranged

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Examples of Liquids are

• Orange Juice• Water• Soft drinks• Milk• Rubbing Alcohol• Vinegar

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• Gas – state of matter when materials have indefinite shape AND indefinite volume– Take shape and volume of container–Atoms spread to fit container–Atoms move rapidly, constantly–Atoms randomly arranged with large

spaces between them

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Examples of Gases are

• Steam• Oxygen• Carbon dioxide• Smog• Tear Gas• Helium

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• Plasma – state of matter made up of small electrically charged particles–Found where there is

high temperature and pressure

–Rare to find on Earth–Ex, lightning–Used in fluorescent light

bulbs and neon lights

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MATTER

• Kinetic Energy (KE) - energy of motion–All matter is made of millions of

tiny particles– these particles are constantly

moving, and have KE

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• Phase Change - reversible physical change from one state to another– heat energy is absorbed or

released

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Energy determines the state!

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Add or Subtract Energy. . .

When energy is added, particles move faster!

When energy is taken away, particles move slower!

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Red = heatingBlue = cooling

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• Melting – changing from solid to liquid– When a solid gains heat –Temperature and energy

INCREASE

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• Freezing – changing from liquid to solid– When a liquid loses heat –Baked cookies are actually

FROZEN because they are solid.–Freezing does not always mean

COLD.–Freezing point and melting point

are the same

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• Evaporation – changing from a liquid to a gas – Temperature is below boiling

point–Water VAPOR or STEAM = gas– More area = faster evaporation

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• Boiling – when vapor pressure is the same as atmospheric pressure and bubbling occurs–Vapor pressure - pressure

created by moving gas particles bumping into each other or the container

–Atmospheric pressure – pressure outside the container

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• Condensation – change from gas to liquid–Water vapor particles hit a cool

surface, lose heat, and change into water

• Sublimation- change from solid to gas–NO LIQUID IN BETWEEN–Dry ice

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