COMPLETE FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM.ppt

7/24/2019 COMPLETE FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM.ppt

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Selection and

Formulation of ResearchProblem

DR NORIZA MOHD JAMAL

DP! OF MANA"MN!# FPPSM


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$hat $e%ll &o'er !oda(

Why need to formulate the research problem

Steps in formulating the research problem

How to identify the research problem Formulation of problem statement

Formulating research question / hypotheses

Identify research objectives

Scope of research

Epected outcome of research


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!he Research Idea

Everyday life !"rofessional eperience#

"ractical issues !$urning questions#

"ast research/%iterature !&esearch oftengenerates more questions' (isagreements

among studies can lead to worthwhile

research#

"rofessional meetings

(iscussions


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Research !o)ics

)bservations

$ehaviors

*oncepts +heories

+esting of assessment and intervention

strategies


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Narro*in+ the research to)ic

Idea , brainstorming

%iterature review

Identify the variables for study Formulate research problems and

questions/hypotheses


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Number ON Re,uirement-

-ou need to have an inquisitiveand

imaginativemind-ou need a Questioning attitude

Wonder why.


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Ans*er the follo*in+

)reliminar( ,uestions-

Is the problem/topic significant enough.

Is it feasible !practical/possible for me to doit#.

Is it free of unnown ha0ards/dangers.

Is it clear !unambiguous#.


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Acti'el( in'ol'e (ourself .and

other e/)erts0 in NARRO$IN" 1RFINMN! of the )roblem

1arrowing the focus"opulationSituation !time' condition' subject availability'

researcher2s readiness' resources available'etc3#

4easurements Issue!s# dealt with.Setting the scope of the problem !5this is my

line6I won2t go beyond it67#


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Rifle 's2 Shot+un Analo+(


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&haracteristics of +ood

to)ics3

83 Interesting 9 eeps the researcher interested in it throughout theresearch process

:3 &esearchable 9 can be investigated through the collection and

analysis of data

;3 Significant 9 contributes to the improvement and understandingof educational theory and practice


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A Research 4uestion Must

Identif(

83 +he variablesunder study

:3 +he populationbeing studied;3 +he testabilityof the question


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/am)les of +ood research )roblems

.in the form of ,uestions0

(oes client>centered therapy produce more satisfaction in clients than traditionaltherapy. !eperimental design#

(oes behavior modification reduce aggression in autistic children. !single>subjecteperimental design#

?re the descriptions of people in social studies discussions biased. !groundedtheory design#

What goes on in an elementary school classroom during an average wee.!ethnographic design#

(o teachers behave differently toward students of different genders. !causal>comparative design#

How do parents feel about the school counseling program. !survey design#

How can a principal improve faculty morale. !interview design#


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5our research )roblem

What is your area of interest.

Where could you loo for help in deciding upon a specificresearch problem.

What criteria will you apply when deciding upon a specificresearch problem.

How could you narrow down your research problem.

How might your value>judgments !preconceived ideas# affectyour research endeavors.


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@ is a statement that identifies the phenomenon

to be studied

$hat is a research ,uestion


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RASONS $H5 RSAR&H

46S!IONS AR &R6&IAL

ABI(E -)B& %I+E&?+B&E SE?&*H

ABI(E -)B& (E*ISI)1S ?$)B+ +HE CI1( )F

&ESE?&*H (ESIA1 +) E4"%)-

ABI(E -)B& (E*ISI)1S ?$)BE WH?+ (?+? +)*)%%E*+ ?1( F&)4 WH)4

ABI(E ?1?%-SIS )F -)B& (?+?

ABI(E W&I+I1A>B" )F -)B& (?+?

S+)" -)B F&)4 A)I1A )FF I1 B11E*ESS?&-(I&E*+I)1S


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Ste)s in formulatin+ the research

,uestions

As7 these ,uestions

(o I nown the field and its literature well.

What are the important research questions in my field.

What areas need further eploration.

*ould my study fill a gap. )r lead to greater understanding.

Has a great deal of research already been conducted in this topic

area.

Has this study been done before. If so' is there room for

improvement. Is the timing right for this question to be answered. Is it a hot

topic' or is it becoming obsolete.

Will the study have a significant impact on the field.


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Research 4uestions and

H()otheses

? process of asing a question' or a series of

related questions' and then initiating a

systematic procedure to obtain valid answers

to that question3


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Formulatin+ research

,uestion 8 h()otheses

? well>thought>out and focused research question leads

directly to your hypotheses3

Hypothesesare more specific predictions about the nature

and direction of the relationship between two variables3 Hypotheses'

Aives insight into a research question

?re testable and measurable by the proposed

eperiments Each hypothesis is matched with a specific aim and has

rationale3


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Directional 's2 Non9Directional

H()otheses

(irectional hypothesis Specifies the direction of the relationship between

independent and dependent variables

1on>directional hypothesis Shows the eistence of a relationship between

variables but no direction is specified


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research ob:ecti'es

+he research objectives pursued in order to

answer the research questions3


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Sco)e of research ;

masters 's PhD

?mount of research wor

Standard of writing

%evel of independency


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/)ected outcome of

research

&ESE?&*H SIA1IFI*?1*E

State clearly why this research is important' what the

benefits will be and how your wor will contribute to

nowledge in your field3 +his may include commercialbenefits' changes in current practice' a new perspective on

an old issue or other benefits to the community3 -ou need

to

indicate why it is significant and how it advancesunderstanding of the issues under discussion3

COMPLETE FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM.ppt

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