Compiled - Sir Martin Gilbert...984 CHURCHILL: A LIFE air defence of Britain: Churchill takes...

Index Compiled by the author

A History of the English-Speaking Peoples (Winston S. Churchill): work on, 509, 593,605,607,616,619,916,918,944, 949,950

Aachen: Churchill's speech in (1956), 947

Abbeville: Churchill warns of danger to (1918), 390; German forces reach (1940),648

Abbey Division (Westminster): Churchill stands at (1924), 460

Abdication crisis (of 1936), 568, 569, 570 Abdullah, Emir: and Palestine, 432; and

Transjordan, 434, 435 Aboukir Bay (Egypt): Churchill visits,

434 Abyssinia: Churchill seeks action in

(1897), 81; threatened, 544 invaded, 546; and the Hoare-Laval 'pact', 548; and sanctions, 553

Acheson, Dean: Churchill's question to (1951),901

Adams, Vyvyan: 'I wish you could talk to us every night', 630

Adana (Turkey): Churchill's journey to (1943),739

Addison, Dr Christopher: wants to find a task for Churchill (1917), 372, 374; and Churchill's arrival at Munitions, 375

Adeane, Sir Michael: and Churchill's resignation, 938, 939

Adenauer, Dr: Churchill's appeal to (1954),932

Aderno (Sicily): captured, 750 Admiralty: Churchill would like to go to

(1908), 193; Churchill angered by attitude of (1911), 236; Churchill seeks to defend his record at, 326; Churchill hopes to return to, 339; 'fast asleep', 367; Churchill's 'heart in' (1918),404; Churchill suggested for

(1924),465; Churchill's conflict with (1925), 468; Churchill not to go to (1931), 503; Churchill's possible return to (1935), 547; no chance of Churchill's return to (1936), 549; Churchill's return to, advocated (1939),613; rumours of Churchill's return to Ouly 1939),616; Churchill's return to (September 1939), 623; caution of (1940), 674; Churchill recalls (1944),794

Adriatic: Churchill sails through (1913}, 249; proposed landingon(1915),294, 295, 296; strategy for (1943-44),751; and British strategy (1944-45), 780, 789,806

Aegean Sea: Churchill's search for action in (1943), 755; Stalin wants a naval base on (1945), 853

afforestation: the State to take a lead in, 184

Afghanistan, 421 Africa: 'always claims its forfeits', 190; an

'entirely new chapter for (1938),587 Afridis: to be invaded (1897), 75 Agadir (Morocco): crisis at (1911),233;

result of Britain's firmness at, 241 Agamemnon: and the Dardanelles, 296 Agheila: battle at (1942),736 Agincourt, battleof(1415): 289 Agrah (North-West Frontier): Churchill

in action at (1897), 78 Aid to Russia Appeal: launched (1941),

708 Aidin (Turkey): Churchill visits (1910),

218 air: British supremacy in, lacking( 1916),

343; Germans 'master of (1916), 350 Air Board: established (1916), 362;

Churchill's possible Chairmanship of, 369; opposition to Churchill's Chairmanship of, 373

984 CHURCHILL: A LIFE

air defence of Britain: Churchill takes responsibility for (19 I 4),279

Air Defence Research: Churchill's concern for (1934-39), 532, 536, 544

Air Department: Churchill seeks (1915), 328

Air Force: See index entry for Royal Air Force

Air Minister: Churchill spoken of, as (1938),591

Air Ministry: not in prospect (I 916),344; to go to someone else (1916), 349; Churchill's hope for (1916), 361; Churchill's possible appointment to, 369; Churchill's return to, advocated (1939),613; 'don't irritate' (1939), 629

air power: and Constantinople, 324; and Sinn Fein (1920), 422; and Ireland, 446; at Chanak (1922), 452 and 'stern justice', 769

Air Raid Precautions (1939), 608,61 I Air Staff: and Defence deficiencies

(1937-38), 583, 592 aircraft production: to be accelerated

(1914), 281; Churchill's initiatives for (1917-18), 380, 382; plans for (for 1919),394

airship: Churchill flies in, and steers (1913),251

Aitken, Max: and the coming of war in 1914,272; and the political crisis of May 1915,318; Churchill's friendship with, 339; urges Churchill to speak in Army debate (1916), 354; and the political crisis of December 1916, 368; for subsequent index entries see Beaverbrook, Lord

Aix-en-Provence: Churchill works at (1948),881

Ajax: Churchill on board, off Athens (1944),810,811,812

Alam HaIfa (Egypt): battle of (1942), 730 Alamein (Egypt): Germans reach (1942),

724; Churchill visits positions at, 726; battle of, 732

Alamein Reunion: Churchill speaks at (1949),887

Alaska: Churchill prepared to brave 'mosquitos' of (1944), 784

Albania: invaded by Italy (1939), 612; partisans in (1943), 749; future of (1944),797

Albanians: 'may leap out' (1939),618 Albany (New York): Churchill visits

(1900),137 Albert Hall (London): Churchill speaks

at, 500, 547, 926, 947, 951; Churchill watches election results at (1935), 547

Albert I, King of the Belgians, 283 Albert Medal: Churchill makes a

recommendation for, 112 Aldershot: Churchill serves at (1895),51,

53 Aldwych Club (London): Churchill

speaks at (1923), 458 Alexander, A.V.: on the Defence

Committee,673; and the break-up of the Coalition (1945), 845; and conscription (1947), 875

Alexander, General Sir Harold: in Burma (1942), 719; becomes Commander-in-Chief, Middle East, 726; directive t<;>, 726; and Enigma, 731; and Anzlo, 763, 765, 767; advances beyond Rome, 778; and the prospects of continuing the battle in Italy 0 une 1944), 780; forces the Germans from Florence, 786; Churchill watches battle with, in Italy, 790; a setback to, 795; to go to Vienna, 709; in Athens, 808; and Churchill's mission to Athens (Christmas 1944), 809; reaches Trieste, 839; at Potsdam, 850; his friendly gesture, 858; becomes Minister of Defence (1952), 905

Alexandretta (Turkey): and the Dardanelles, 302

Alexandria (Egypt): French warships at (1940), 666; Churchill reaches (November 1943),759

Alfonso, King of Spain: and Churchill's plans for September 1914, 262

Algiers: landing at (1942),733; Churchill flies to (1943), 740; Churchill returns toOune 1943), 747; Churchill reaches (November 1943), 758; Churchill returns to (August 1944),786

Aliakmon Line (Greece): to be held, 691; attacked, 696; given up, 697

Aliens Bill: Churchill opposes (1904), 165.167; 'indefensible', 194

Allahabad Pioneer: publishes Churchill's North-West Frontier telegrams, 75, 86; Churchill's further writings for, 87

Allen, Commodore G.R.G.: works on The Second World War, 871, 906, 916

INDEX 985

Alliance Aeroplane Works (London): strike at (1918), 392

Altmark: boarded (1940), 633 Ameland (Holland): a possible assault on

(1914),277 American Civil War: Churchill's

intended history of (1898), 87; Churchill visits battlefields of (1929), 494

American journalism: 'vulgarity divested of truth', 57

Amery, Julian: urges Churchill to visit troops (1942), 724; with Churchill in Cairo, 762

Amery, Leo: his praise, 459; protests, 481; and Protection, 491; and the 'loyalty of a leech', 496; and the Defence Deputation (1936), 559; and the Abdication crisis, 570; and Munich (1938), 597; recalls the last halting steps to war (September 1939), 620; and the outbreak of war (September 1939), 623; and the fIOlitical crisis (April-May 1940), 638; and Churchill's call for Franco-German reconciliation (1946),873

amnesty: Churchill proposes (1952),907 Amphion: sunk (1914),277 Amritsar: Churchill upholds censure on

Army action at, 422 Amsterdam: and Churchill's support for

a European Assembly (1948), 880 Anacostia Naval Air Base (Washington):

Churchill lands at (1942), 722 Ancient Britons: Churchill 'entangled'

with (1938), 593 Anderson, Sir John: demands an

ultimatum (September 1939), 620; and Greece, 690; and the atom bomb, 746; and the war against Japan, 850

Anderson, Squadron-Leader C.T.: brings Churchill information (1936-38),556,560,567,573,579

Anglo-American alliance: needed' (1945),861

Anglo-American co-operation: no cause for shame, 504; inTunisia(1943), 741, 743; and the atom bomb, 746; Churchill's confidence in, 747; and Anzio, 765; 'indispensable' (1945), 848; Churchill's plan for (1945), 851

Anglo-American policy: setback to (1942),736'dommatingaimof(I943), 740; and Sicily, 743; evolution of (May

1943), 745; and the drive to Berlin (1945),834; and Japan (1945), 851

Anglo-American Shipping Adjustment Board: established (1942), 715

Anglo-French Entente (1904), 233 Anglo-French Union (Franco-British

Union): proposed (1940),662; and the future, 663

Anglo-Italian Naval Convention (1915), 312

Anglo-Persian Oil Company: Churchill secures control of (1914),260

Anglo-Polish Alliance (August 1939): signed,619

AnglO-Russian Convention (1906): and Persia, 261

Anglo-Soviet Agreement: signed Uuly 1941),703

Anglo-Soviet Treaty: to be resisted (1924),463

Angouleme: Churchill attends French Army manoeuvres near (1907), 185

Annecy: Churchill works at (1951),896 Annexe (No. 10 Annexe): Churchill

moves to (1940), 677 Anning, Miss: Churchill's first secretary,

141 Annual Register of World Events: Churchill

reads and annotates (1897), 70 Anson, Sir William: his criticism, 179 Anti-Nazi Council: Churchill agrees to

speak for (1936),554,555; Churchill's second speech at, 563; Churchill gives luncheon for (1937),578

anti-Semitism: dangers of, 165; Churchill questions Hitler's friend on (1932),508

Antibes: Churchill stays at (1945), 860 Antwerp: Churchill visits (1894), 45;

defence of (1911), 235; Churchill's mission to(1914), 282; final resistance of (1914), 286; Churchill's mission to, recalled, 321, 327, 367, 374, 419; German military resistance at (September 1944),792

Anzio: proposed landing at (1944), 763; landing at, 767; continuing battle at, 770; landing at, recalled, 773; belated success at, 775

appeasement: Churchill seeks, after the political crisis of 1910-11, 223; the 'aim' in Europe (192 I). 439; of 'class bitterness', 471; 'needed' in Europe, 515;and The Times, 576; and Palestine,


614; 'has had a good run', 769; of tyranny, 884; 'has its place', 890

Arabia: and the Dardanelles, 305 Arabs: in Palestine, 432, 435, 436, 437;

need for 'appeasing' sentiment of, 432; and Zionism, 435; to veto Jewish immigration (after 1944), 614; and Palestine, 803; and a Middle East Federation (1945), 825; and Israel, 903

arbitration: Churchill offers 'permanent machinery' for (1908), 195, 199; Churchill presides over (1908), 199; to be 'permanent' and 'impartial', 203; Churchill active in (1909), 205; Churchill offers, in South Wales (1910),220; Churchill favours, during Liverpool dock strike (1911),231

Archangel: a possible Churchill mission to (1915),328; British troops at 1919), 408; American troops leave (1919), 414; British troops leave (1919),416; Polish troops evacuated from (1919), 416 British aid reaches (1941), 708

Arctic Ocean: British help to Russia in (1941), 703; convoys to Russia through, 708,720,724, 725, 729,730, 731

Ardennes (Belgium): Churchill's concern for (August 1939),618; battle in (1944), 809, 811, 813, 815

Argentina: neutral, 761 Aristophanes: Churchill in play by, 15 Armageddon: two and a half years of,

367; and the First World War, 506 Armenians: massacre of, 327 Armentieres: Churchill gives his officers

a farewell lunch at (1916), 360; a German mustard-gas attack on (1918), 390

armistice: Germany accepts terms of (1918),400

armoured train: Churchill travels to Colenso on, 108; and Churchill's efforts, under fire, to clear the line, 110; Churchill's second journey on, 110; derailed, 110; becomes 'famous in the story of the war', 126; Churchill passes wreck of (1900), 126;

Arms and the Man (Shaw), 795 Army General Staff: Churchill criticises

expenditure on (1905), 170 Army League: criticisms of Churchill by,

141

Arnhem: parachute landing at (1944), 793,794

Arnold-Forster, Hugh: Churchill criticises, 170; wishes Churchill well, 173

Arras: Churchill visits front-line near (1915), 335; battle of (1917), 371; Churchillinconferenceat(1917),378; Churchill visits (1940),631

Ascot: Churchill boards at, 3 Ascot races: Churchill backs some

winners at, 44 Ascroft, Robert: and Churchill's first

Parliamentary candidature (1899), 103,104; dies, 104

Ashley, Maurice: Churchill's research assistant, 491, 508, 524

Ashton-under-Lyne: Conservatives of, asks Churchill to stand for (1924),462

Asia: submission of 'most ferocious savages in (1898), 87; Islam 'triumphant' in, 345

Asiatics: and 'liberty', 163 Asquith, H.H.: Churchill meets (1893),

36; Lord Randolph's attack on, 41; at Tring with Churchill, 61; pays 'great attention' to what Churchill says (1899), 104; and Churchill's 'good fight' at Oldham (1899), 105; hears Churchill's maiden speech, 139; Churchill dines with (1901), 144; presides for Churchill (1901), 144; understands Churchill's 'point of view', 148; not in Chamber at crucial moment (1903), 155; and Churchill's move towards the Liberals, 161; becomes Chancellorofthe Exchequer, 174; becomes Prime Minister, 193; and the Dreadnought controversy, 201; congratulates Churchill on arbitration, 205; his praise (1910), 211; hopes Churchill's association of Crown and Commons may be ignored, 217; and the Battle of Downing Street (1910), 221; affected by drink, 226; and the constitutional crisis (1911), 230; and Agadir (1911), 234; on Enchantress with his wife Margot and daughter Violet, 249; and the Navy Estimates crisis (1914), 254; and the coming of war in 1914, 265, 266, 268, 269, 271, 272; and the opening months of war, 279, 280; 'almost inclined to shiver', 281; 'leans on you',

INDEX 987

282; and A~t~erp, 282; and Churchill's mission to Antwerp (1914), 283, 284; and the dismissal of Prince Louis, 287; and the return of Admiral Fisher, 288; and the defeat off Coronel, 289; and the Dardanelles, 290,295,297,298,300, 305,313; and Churchill's 'plans', 290; and the genesis of the tank, 293; and the 'glow of genius' in Churchill's eyes, 295; angered by Churchill's mood (1915), 300; and Fisher's resignation, 315, 316; and the political crisis of May 1915,316,317,319; and Churchill's isolation, 323; approves Churchill's visit to Dardanelles, 323; and Churchill's record at the Admiralty, 327; Churchill's letter of resignation to, 328; eventual 'dismissal' of, 337; vetoes Churchill's command of a brigade, 337; 'will throw anyone to the wolves', 338; 'weak and disloyal', 340; 'my feeling against him', 342; and Churchill's 'political...extinction', 344; 'has to be got rid of, 346; and Churchill's call for Fisher's return (1916),352; an 'old rogue', 358; and the Dardanelles Royal Commission (1916),363,366; 'supine, sodden and supreme', 364; and tanks, 365; resigns (December 1916), 368; and the Dardanelles Commission, 370; defeated (1918), 404; his praise (1925), 469; dies, 484; Churchill's article on, 581; recalled, 611,

Asquith, Margot: and 'this glorious delicious war', 294; and Churchill's call for Fisher's return (1916), 351; and The World Crisis, 458

Asquith, Violet: Churchill meets, 185; recalls Churchill's appointment as Home Secretary, 211; on Enchantress, 249; and Churchill's departure for the trenches, 329; 'Kill the Bolshie .. .', 412; Churchill's advice to (1936), 555; greetings from (1939), 629; and the Fulton speech (1946), 869; wants Churchill to stay on (1954),925

Asquithian Liberals: oppose Churchill (1922),455

Assam: air bases in (1943), 745 Astrakhan: Churchill wants to meet

Stalin at, 719 Aswan: Churchill present at opening of

dam at (1902), 153; Churchill returns to (1908),190

Atbara (on the Nile): Churchill loses way near (1898), 92; Kitchener impedes Churchill's return to, 100

Athens: Churchill visits (1910), 218; Churchill visits (1927), 480; bombed (1940), 681; Eden and Wavell in (February 1941), 690; Greek Prime Minister commits suicide in, 697; British troops for (1944), 788; Communist forces in, 807; Churchill's mission to (Christmas 1944),808,809, 810,811; Churchill returns to (1945), 824; 'snatched from the burning' in 1944,860; 'free to decide' (1946),866

Atkins, John: in South Africa, 107; with Churchill at Estcourt, 108; and Churchill's 'persuasive reasoning', 109; and Estcourt recalled, 174

Atlantic Charter (August 1941), 705 Atlantic Ocean: American commitment

in (August 1941), 706 Atlantic Pact: Churchill praises, 883 atom bomb: Anglo-American discussions

on (1942-44), 722; Anglo-American crisis over (1943), 746; agreement on (August 1943), 750; Churchill and Roosevelt discuss (September 1944), 793; test of, successful Uuly 1945), 850, 853; dropped, 857; Attlee consults Churchill on, 859; secrets of, not to be shared with United Nations, 866; gives urgency to European reconciliation, 872; and the influence ofthe United States, 874; and a 'lasting settlement, without bloodshed', 882; and the Berlin blockade (1948), 882; deterrent effect of, 884; and peace, 889; agreement on (1952), 901; first British test of (1952), 908; Russia announces possession of (1953),916; and Korea, 920

atomic energy: future control of (1953), 921; commercial use of, 924

Attlee, Clement: and the Gold Standard, 469; opposes rearmament (1934), 526; opposes Defence proposals (1936),551; 'will support you' (1936), 568; and Czechoslovakia, 596; and Munich (1938), 598; 'how right you were', 615; protests at adjournment (August 1939), 617; and Norway (1940), 634; and the political crisis


(April-May 1940),640; enters Cabinet (May 1940),643; supports Churchill's rejection of a negotiated peace (1940), 651 ; accompanies Churchill to France, 653; 011 the Defence Committee, 673; and Greece, 690; becomes Deputy Prime Minister (1942), 718; a rebuke from, 816; and the break-up of the Coalition (1945), 845; and Potsdam, 848,850,855; Churchill's support for (1945-51), 856; his friendly gesture, 858; consults Churchill, 859; and the Fulton speech, 864; refuses to repudiate the Fulton speech, 868; his appreciation (1946), 868; seeks Churchill's help on Defence supply, 871; and Churchill's call for a United States of Europe, 874; and conscription (1947), 875; secures Churchill's help on India (1947),876; Churchill's reply to, about India, 877; calls a General Election (1950), 888; Churchill's praise for (1950),893; calls a General Election (1951), 896; visits Moscow, 931; his tribute (1954), 933; motion of censure moved by (1955), 938; and Churchill's death, 959

attrition: Churchill's attack on (1917), 370

Aubers Ridge, battle of(1915): Churchill watches, 312

Auchinleck, General: succeeds Wavell (1941), 700; danger to, 703; at Chequers, 704; his Western Desert plans, 708; his Western Desert offensives, 709; his Western Desert defence, 721; and Tobruk, 722; to be replaced, 725

Augusta: Churchill boards (1941), 705 Auriol, Vincent: 481 Auschwitz: an appeal for the bombing of

(July 1944),783 Australia: and the Dardanelles, 296, 297;

and the Chanak crisis (1922), 451; Churchill's pledge to (1941), 694; defence of (1942),714,715; and the atom bomb, 90 I

Australian troops: and Tobruk (1941), 688; and Greece (1941), 691; at Singapore, 717

Austria: and a 'German menace', 527; begins to look to Germany (1935),544; Churchill's concerns for (1936-38), 553; Churchill's fears for the future of,

581; annexed (1938), 588; endangered (1938), 588; held down (1941),693; to be part of a post-war confederation, 761; a possible advance to (June 1944), 780; continuing military plans for, 789; and British strategy (1944-45),806; occupation of (1945),816; future of(1944-45), 845; Churchill's plan for (1954),928

Austria-Hungary: shipbuilding plans of (1912), 247; and the coming of war (1914),261,263,264,265,267,268; and the Dardanelles, 294; surrenders (1918),400

aviation: Churchill's work for, and faith in (1913), 251, 252

Avignon: Churchill hurries home from (1931),502

Aylesbury: a possible constituency (1898), !OI

Bachelors' Club: Churchill joins (1895), 53

Bad Godesberg: Chamberlain's talks at (1938),596

Badoglio, Marshal: and the fall of Mussolini,749

Baghdad: to be returned to Turkey (1920), 428; plans for an 'Arab Government' in (1921), 431; a pro-German cou p in (1941), 696

Bahamas: Churchill recuperates in (1932), 504; lease of bases in (1940), 670

Bailey, John: marries Churchill's daughter Diana, 497

Bailleul: and Churchill's war on lice (1916),341

Baku: Hitler plans to bomb (1942),733 Baldwin, Stanley: wants Coaltion to end

(1922), 453; becomes Prime Minister (1923),458; and Churchill's return to Parliament (1924), 460, 461, 462; resigns (1924), 460; appoints Churchill Chancellor of the Exchequer (1924), 465; and the Gold Standard, 469; and Churchill's first Budget, 471; calls on Churchill as a mediator (1925), 173; and the General Strike (of 1926), 476; enlists Churchill's help asa conciliator (1926), 477; and Churchill's 'power of attraction', 481; and Churchill's fourth Budget (1928), 485; and the

INDEX 989

Ten Year Rule (of 1919) on Defence spending, 485; his advice (1928), 486; and Churchill's fifth Budget, 489; and the recall of Lord Lloyd, 492; and India (1929), 495; and My Early Life, 496; and Dominion Status (for India), 499; speaks against Churchill on India (1931),503; a 'kind word' to, 505; and disarmament, 510, 512; and Churchill's opposition over India, 517; his praise for Churchill's Marlborough, 522, 524; air parity pledge by, 527, 538, 541, 572, 584, 586; Churchill visits at Aix (1934), 532; answers Churchill (November 1934),538; his pledge on India(1935), 539; 'sterile and inefficient', 540; admits he had been 'completely wrong', 543; becomes Prime Minister (1935),544; does not seek Churchill's help (1935),547; 'no great armaments' (1935), 547; not to be attacked, 548; will not have Churchill as Minister of Defence (1936), 550; and Churchill's lack of 1udgment and wisdom', 556; and the Defence Deputation (1936), 559, 561; expresses his personal sympathy, 563; 'appalling frankness' of, 566; and the Abdication crisis (1936),568; 'gets stronger', 570; gives up the Premiership, 573; Churchill recalls his warning to, 606; his praise (May 1940), 647; 'better. . .if he had never lived', 862

Baldwin-MacDonald regime: and 'the end' of Britain's glories, 548

Balfour Declaration (on Palestine), 432; upheld, 449 'breach' of, 614; recalled, 902,947

Balfour, A.J.: Churchill meets (1893),36; at Tring (1895), 61; helps Churchill find a publisher (1897), 82; 'markedly civil' (1899), 104; consoles Churchill (1899), 105; Churchill campaigns for (1900), 136; his 'kindness and good nature', 145; Churchill's criticisms of, 148; becomes Prime Minister (1902), 150; Churchill's friendship with, 151; and Free Trade, 154; supports Protection, 157; Churchill proposes to 'have a go' at, 162; leaves the Chamber, 162; Churchill's criticisms of, 168; Churchill's 'belittling' of, 171; his 'generous hopes' for Churchill's

future (1905), 171; resigns as Prime Minister (1905), 173; Churchill's attacks on, reprimanded, 173; friendly to Churchill's Trade Boards Bill, 204; and a possible Liberal-Conservative compromise (1911),223; and Churchill's presence at Sidney Street (1911),224; Churchill negotiates with (1911), 226; and photographers, 229; and Agadir (1911),234; impressed by Churchill's 1911 prophecy, 235; welcomes Churchill as First Lord, 241; Churchill's guest (1912), 245; and Churchill's plans in 1914,280; and the Dardanelles, 297,300,302; insults to, recalled, 317; and Fisher's resignation, 318; approves Churchill's visit to Dardanelles, 323; First Lord of the Admiralty (1916), 349, 350; scathing of Churchill's call for Fisher's return, 353; enlists Churchill's help (1916), 363; and British intervention in Russia (1918-19),405; 'the exaggerated way you tell the truth', 418; wantsCoaltion to continue (1922), 453; supports Churchill (1924),461; and Churchill's derating plan (1928),484; Churchill's article on, 581

Balkans: and the Dardanelles, 292, 297, 300; Churchill's possible visit to, 323; and Gallipoli, 345; a possible rallying point for (1938), 592; and collective security, 613; German troops move into (1941), 695; possible war zone in, 736; Jewish refugees from (1942), 737; partisans in, 749; strategy for (1943-44), 751, 753, 757; possible pursuit of Germans into (1944), 767; Roosevelt's mistake about, 781; and the Soviet Union, 792; a wartime controversy over, refuelled (1949), 882

Ballin, Alfred: Churchill dines with, 265

Balmoral: Churchill 'kindly treated' at, 150; Churchill a guest at, 250, 487, 908

Balsan, Consuelo: Churchill stays with (1927),480

Baltic: Churchill's offensive plans for (1914-15),278,290,291; Churchill's plan for (1936), 554; Churchill's plan for (September 1939),626


Baltic States: and the Bolsheviks, 416; British troops to leave (1919), 416; Churchill's fear for (1936), 553; and Stalin, 715; Soviet designs on (1943), 756

Banff: Churchill at (1929), 493 Bangalore: Churchill stationed at

(1896-8), 63, 64, 67, 72, 102; Churchill's political thoughts from (1898),85

Banstead (near Newmarket): Churchill's holiday at, 27, 28; Churchill startles father at, 33

Barber, Anthony: and Churchill's leadershi p (1950),889

Barham: sunk (1941), 709 Baring, Hugo: Churchill's friendship

with,63 Baring, Maurice: recalls Churchill's

defiance, 6 Barnes, Reginald: accompanies

Churchill to Cuba (1895), 56; Churchill's friendship with, 63; wounded, 107

Barnsbury (London): Churchill asked to speak in (1895),51

Barrington-Ward, Robin: Churchill confides in (1943),743

Baruch, Bernard: and the mumtlOns needs of the United States, 379; Churchill's host, 494, 503; Churchill seeks to influence, 864

Basra (Iraq): to be retained (1920), 4211; possible withdrawal to (1921),432

Bataan Peninsula (Philppines): American surrender on (1942), 720

Bath: Churchill's first political speech at (1897),71,78

Battenberg, Prince Louis of: First Sea Lord, 248, 251; and the coming of war in 1914,265,266; and Antwerp, 282; Asquith not trustful of 'capacity' of, 285; dismissed, 287

Battle of Britain: about to begin (1940), 663; begins (1940), 670; losses during, 674; climax of, 676

Battle of the Atlantic (1941-43),690,692; 'on which our life depends', 704; success in, 704; setback for (January 1942), 717; climax of, 735; British successes in, 750; setback in, 755; recalled,878

Batum: British troops in (1919), 407; evacuation of, 418

Baudouin, Paul: at Tours (1940),659 Bavaria: to be part of a post-war

confederation, 761 Baveno (Italy): Churchill visits (1893),

39; Churchill honeymoons at, 200 BBC: and the General Strike (of 1926),

475; refuses to let Churchill broadcast, 496,507; and Czechoslovakia (1948), 879

Beatty, Admiral: and naval expenditure, 443

Beauchamp, Lord: Churchill the guest of,294

Beaufort West: Churchill reaches, 107 Beauvais: Churchill meets Petain at

(1918), 388; Churchill recalls visit to, 658

Beaverbrook, Lord: and Churchill's isolation (1935), 547; and aircraft production (1940), 645, 655, 657; accompanies Churchill to Tours (1940), 659; on the Defence Committee, 673; and Greece, 690; and aid to Russia, 708; Churchill's host, 882; Churchill's visit to, opposed, 883; Churchill's friendship with, 913, 953; Churchill rebukes, 924

Beckenham, Harry: Churchill's shorthand writer, 244, 323, 419, 455

Beda Fomm: battle of ( 1941), 689 Bedell Smith, General: and Anzio, 765;

suggests a landing in Brittany (1944), 786

Bedford: Churchill speaks at (1955),943 Bedford, Brigadier: and Churchill's

heart (1943),763 Beirut: Churchill visits (1934), 532;

United States troops in (1958), 953 Belfast: Churchill lectures at (1900),137;

Churchill speaks in, extolling virtue of Home Rule (1912), 249; troops to be landed near (1914), 256; deaths in (1922),444; bombed (1941), 696

Belgians: 'bludgeoned', 647 Belgium: Churchill proposes

safeguarding neutrality of (1911), 235; and the coming of war in 1914, 270,273,274; Britain's war debts from (1925), 468; Churchill visits (1932), 508; determined (1932), 510; and 'submission', 533; Churchill's fear for (1936), 553; German attack on (in 1914) recalled, 618; and the Maginot Line (1940),631; invaded (May 1940),

INDEX 991

641; seeks armistice, 650 Belgrade: possible occupation of (1914),

265; Austrians driven from (1914), 290; Churchill's articles published in (1937),576; anti-German elements in (1941), 693; bombed (1941), 695; occupied, 696; 'in the Soviet sphere' (1946),866

Bell Davies, Richard: teaches Churchill to fly, 251, 280

Bell, Gertrude: at the Cairo Conference, 434

Belleek (Ulster): confrontation at (1922), 447

Bellman, Harold: recalls Churchill's arrival at Munitions, 375

Ben Gardane (Tunisia): Germans driven from (1943), 741

Benes, Edouard: and the Sudeten crisis, 593, encouragement to (1945), 827

Bentinck, Dr: Churchill's alias, 119 Berbera (Somaliland Protectorate):

Churchill visits (1907),186 Berchtesgaden: Chamberlain's talks at,

595 Beresford, Lord William: marries

Churchill's aunt, 52; and Churchill's near escape from death, 79

Berezhkov, Valentin: at Yalta, 822 Berkeley, Captain Claude: at the

Supreme War Council (1940), 635; finds Churchill 'sublime', 647 'we would never give In, 649; accompanies Churchill to France (1940),653; accompanies Churchill to Tours (1940), 659; and Churchill's wait at Waterloo Station (1940), 662; and morale (September 1940), 677; and Churchill's 'genius', 685; and the battle in Egypt, 685; and the German invasion of Russia, 702

Berlin: Churchill's first visit to (1906); an emissary returns from (1912), 242; a proposed Russian march on (1914), 290; British ultimatum sent to (September 1939), 621; bombed (1940), 673, 678, 682; a special bombing raid on (March 1941),694; to be bombed (1945), 818; an Anglo-American strategic dispute over (March 1945), 834; Churchill flies to (1945), 850; 'in the Soviet sphere' (1946), 866; Churchill seeks Soviet withdrawal from (1948), 879;

181; Soviet troops reach (April 1945), 836

Berlin blockade (1948): Churchill supports Labour policy on, 881; Churchill's solution for, 882

Berlin Conference (1954): Soviets obdurate at, 922

Berlin, Isaiah: helps Churchill on his war memoirs (1947), 878

Bermuda: British air bases in, 650; lease of bases in (1940), 670; Churchill returns to England through (1942), 715; Churchill proposes flying to (1944), 770; proposed conference in (1953),911-13; conference at (1953), 920

Bernays, Robert: joins Government (1937),577

Berne: a possible summit in, 929 Bertie, Lady Gwendeline: engaged to

Churchill's brother, 188; marries, 197; see also Churchill, Lady Gwendeline

Besanr;on: Churchill's visit to (1944), 805 Best,James: Churchill's tutor, 14 Bethlehem Steel (Pennsylvania):

Churchill visits (1929), 494 Bevan, Aneurin: his criticism (1942),724 Bevan, Colonel John: and deception

(1944),769 Beveridge, William: and Churchill's

plans for social reform (1909), 197; Churchill receives information from (1937),571; his continuing help and influence (1943), 742; and social security (1945), 845

Bevin, Ernest: Churchill negotiates with (1917), 380; enters Cabinet (May 1940),643,645; and Greece, 690; and the break-up of the Coalition (1945), 845; and Russia, 864; and the Fulton speech, 865; and the Berlin blockade, 881; Churchill praises, 894

Biarritz: Churchill holidays at, 185; Churchill works at (1931),502

Bidault, Georges: at Bermuda (1953), 920

Bierut, Boleslaw: his false assurance (1945),853,854

Biggin Hill: Churchill's visit to (1937), 579 Churchill sees fighter exercises at, 618; Churchill speaks at (1948),882; Churchill flies to (1949), 886

Bigham,John: Churchill's advocacy, 203 Birchington (Kent): Churchill speaks at


(1936),559 Birkenhead: Churchill seeks to avoid

'collisions' with strikers in (1911), 233 Birkenhead, Earl of: see index entry for

Smith,F.E. Birla, G.D.: his mission to Churchill

(1935),540 Birmingham: Lord Randolph stands for,

5; Churchill wants to speak at (1898), 91; riots in (1901), 146; Churchill speaks on Free Trade at (1903), 159; Churchill outlines social programme at (1908), 191; Churchill speaks on social policy at (1909), 203; Churchill speaks at, against the power of the Lords (1910),222; Churchill launches derating scheme at (1928), 484; Churchill speaks on British Defence policy at (1933),522; a potential target (1934), 536; will rise 'more beautiful', 679; bombed (1940),684

Birmingham Liberal Association: invites Churchill to stand (1903), 159

Bismarck: sunk (1941),698 Bizerta: Americans enter (1943),745 'black dog': and depression, 230 Black and Tans: established (1920),422 Black Sea: threat to (1939), 611; United

Europe to stretch to, 874 Black Tuesday (1929): Churchill's losses

on,494 Blackpool: Churchill speaks at (1902),

147; Churchill too ill to speak at (1932), 509; conference at, and the break-up ofthe Coalition (1945), 845; Churchill speaks at (1946), 874; Churchill speaks at (1954),933

Bladon (Oxfordshire): Churchill visits his father's grave at (1895), 49; Lord Randolph buried at (1895), 49; Lady Randolph buried at (1921), 438; Churchill buried at (1965), 958

Blenheim (Bavaria): Churchill visits (1704) battlefield at, 209; Churchill re-visits battlefield of (1932),508

Blenheim Palace: Churchill born at, 1; Churchill works on biography of father at, 171; Clementine Hozier at, 197; Churchill honeymoons at, 200; Churchill in camp at (1911), 228; Churchill's speech at (1947), 877

Blequin: Churchill visits (1915), 331 Bletchley Park (Buckinghamshire): and

Enigma, 637, 665, 682, receives a

Purple machine, 689; Churchill visits, 707

Blitz (over Britain), 664, 668, 670, 675, 679,680,681,693,696,698,703

Bloemfontein: Churchill reaches. 126 Blood, Sir Bindon: Churchill's friendship

with, 72, 73, 75, 77, 78,122 Blum, Leon: Churchill visits (January

1939),607 Board of Trade: Churchill's work at,

(1908-10), 194; Churchill suggested for (1924).465

Bobruisk: battle of (1944).782 Boers: deaths of. 122; Churchill shocked

by strength of feeling against. 125; not to be driven to 'desperation'. 125; Churchill in action against (1900). 126; face to face with Britons. in Pretoria, 128; in Johannesburg as Churchill cycles through, 128; Churchill's tribute to, 139; Churchill's advice on settlement with. 149, 176; secure electoral victory. 180

Bogart. Humphrey: stars, 816 Bohemia and Moravia: Hitler's

Protectorate over. 611; 'very bad reports' from (1939),615

Bolsheviks: come to powerin Russia. 381; make their peace with Germany (1918),389; 'drawn towards' the Allied democracies, 390; Churchill urges reprisals against. for murder of Captain Cromie (1918), 395; Churchill 'all for negotiations' with (1918),405; possible negotiations with (1919). 407; Churchill proposes an agreement with (1919). 415; acquire British stores (1920).421; driven from Kiev (1920), 421; Churchill wants action against (1920), 423; occupy Vilna (1920),423; 'vile'. 426; Churchill wishes to break off negotiations with (1920).426; 'crocodiles', 773

Bolshevism: 'fearofthespreadof(1918), 401; 'foul baboonery' of. 410; need for a 'moral bulwark' against (1920),420; and 'Nazidom·. 632

Bolshoi Theatre (Moscow): Churchill and Stalin at (1944). 798

Bombay: Churchill at. 63, 71; riots in (1931),500

bombing. and bombing policy: for 1919. 394; in 1918.398; and Ireland (1920), 422; and Iraq (1920), 422. 424. 440;

INDEX 993

and Defence deficiencies, 530; potential scale of (1934), 536; and Rommel's retreat, 734; and the devastation of Europe, 826: 'simply a question of fashion', 782

bombing plans (1939-45), 626, 646, 648, 655,668,673,675,678,681,702,713, 714,719,727,757,768,772,793,817

Bonar Law, Andrew: Churchill welcomes as Conservative Leader, 240; opposes Home Rule for Ulster, 250; Churchill's talks with (1913),250; and the coming of war in 1914, 269; and the opening months of war, 279; and Antwerp, 286; at the War Council, 302; and Fisher's resignation, 316; and the political crisis of May 1915, 319; opposes Churchill's visit to Dardanelles, 324; and Churchill's 'vital force', 329; a possible Prime Minister, 339; in 1916, 344; Churchill's contact with, in 1916,346; and Churchill's call for Fisher's return (1916), 353; his 'supreme chance', 359; challenges Asquith, 368; Churchill angered by (1917), 371; protests (1918), 385; opposes Churchill (1918), 393; ill-health of (1921), 436; and the Chanak crisis (1922),452; becomes Prime Minister (1922),455; supports Churchill's wish to become Commander-in-Chief in British East Africa (1915), 328; wants Coalition to end (1922), 453

Bonar, Lorraine: her recollections, 863 Bone (Algeria): bombarded (1914), 274 Boniface: a deceptive codename, 707,

781 Boothby, Robert: and the Abdication

crisis, 569 Bordaberry (near Bordeaux):

Churchill's holiday at (1945), 850 Bordeaux: Churchill establishes an

Anglo-American tank factory at, (1918),381; Churchill contemplates flying to U une 1940), 661

Borisov(Russia): Hitler at (August 1941), 706

Borkum (North Sea): 'the key' (1915), 292; Churchill recalls plans for, 336

Bornholm (Baltic Sea): Churchill suggests seizure of (1914), 290, 291

Borthwick, Oliver: Churchill's friendship with, 90, 105; and

Churchill's escape from the Boers, 119 Boston: Churchill's speech at (1943),753 Botha, General Louis: his triumph, 180;

in London, 185 Botha, Helen: Churchill's rumoured

engagement to, 185 Boucher, Captain Maitland: sends

Churchill information (1936), 555 Boulogne: Churchill goes on leave

through (1916), 350; evacuated, 649; endangered (1940), 649; Churchill suggests bombing raids on (1940), 675; and a deception plan (1944), 774; Germans hold (September 1944), 792

Boundary Commission (for Ireland): established, 444, 445

Bourne, Harold: and The World Crisis, 479

Bournemouth: Churchill's accident at (1893), 35; Churchill speaks on Defence at (1935), 546; and the political crisis (May 1940), 640

Bouvet: sunk (1915), 304 Bovington: Clementine greets her

husband at (1944), 813 Boyd-Carpenter, Sir Archibald: and

Churchill's 'courage', 566 Brabazon, Colonel John: and 'mendacity' ,

61; 'there's grit in that boy', 78 Bracken, Brendan: Churchill's

friendship with, 459, 579, 596,925; and Churchill's 'genius', 499; supports Churchill (1938),605; and Churchill's 'foresight' ,613; and the coming of war (1939), 620; and Churchill's stroke, 916; and Churchill's resignation, 934; dies, 953

Bradford: vacancy at (1896), 65; Churchill speaks at (1898), 89; Churchill wants to speak at again (1898), 91; Churchill interrupted at (1910), 221; Churchill's speech on Ireland at (1914),255

Brain, Sir Russell: and Churchill's nervous system, 891; and Churchill's stroke, 913

Brasier-Creagh, George: killed in action (1900),127

Breslau: and the coming of war in 1914, 274; esca pe of, 278; bombards Russian ports, 288; and the Dardanelles, 295

Breslau (Silesia): to become part of Poland, 819, 852

Brest (Brittany): Churchill's plane


approaches (1942), 716; and the Normandy landings (1944), 777

Briare (Loire): Churchill flies to (1940), 658

bricklaying: at Chartwell, 486 Bridges, Sir Edward: his advice

(1940-45), 673; an Easter instruction to (1941), 696; and Attlee's rebuke, 816

Brigade Major: Churchill proud of promotion to (1897), 68

Brigadier-General: Churchill's hoped for promotion to (1915-16), 331, 335-8,356

Brighton: Churchill goes to boarding school in, 6-15, Churchill ill at (1886), 9; Churchill critical of municipal spending at (1886), 12; Churchill's accident at (1893), 35; Churchill sees anti-invasion preparations at (1940), 666

'Brimstone Chapel': celebrated in song, 121

Brindisi: Churchill leaves for (1897), 72; Churchill returns to India through (1898),101

Bristol: an incident with a dog whip at (1909), 209; Churchill speaks at, against the Lords (1909), 210; Churchill speaks about Sudeten Germans at (1938), 592; Churchill's visit to (1941), 696; a target (1944), 784; Churchill speaks in (1949), 886; Churchill speaks in (1954), 933

Bristol West: Churchill asked to stand for (1924),460

Britain: might decide to 'stand out' of European conflict (1912), 247; and Munich (1938), 598; will 'fight on' (June 1940), 663; occupies southern Persia, 706; Churchill's post-war plans for (1943),742; 'can take it', 770; war dead of, after Normandy, 831; fighting 'for survival' (1952),906

Brittany: a possible redoubt (1940),661; and a deception plan (1943), 738; Eisenhower suggests a landing in (August 1944),786

British Advanced Air Striking Force: Churchill visits (1940),631

British East Africa: Churchill wishes to become Commander-in-Chief In

(1915),328 British Empire: 'God shield', 26; not in

decline (1897), 72; 'I shall devote my life' to maintenance of (1897),81; and Churchill's escape from death at Omdurman, 100; and the poor of Britain,146;andFreeTrade,153;and international commerce, 170; 'progressive' principles of, 172; 'grows under a radical administration', 188; and 'submission', 533; to be preserved (1937),584; 'full war power' of, 593; 'the end of (1938), 596; survival of (May 1940),646; 'finest hour' of, 664; possible 'liquidation' of, 734

British Expeditionary Force: 'on its road' (1914),277; and the outbreak of war (September 1939), 625

British Gazette: and the General Strike (of 1926),474,475,476

British people: 'tell the truth to', 511; They have had a very hard time', 855

British race: vitality of 'unimpaired', 72; Churchill's faith in 'much strengthened',97

British South Africa Company Star, 62 Brockie, Sergeant-Major: and

Churchill's escape from Pretoria, 115, 116,117

Brodrick, St John: his perspicacity (1900), 136 'you will never make a better speech' (1901), 140; Churchill's criticisms of, 141, 142, 143, 144, 150, 153; his accusation, 144; criticism of, recalled,317

Brook, Sir Norman: and Churchill's stroke (1953),913; his praise, 943

Brooke, General Sir Alan: and the battle for France (1940),661; becomes Chief of the Imperial General Staff (November 1941),708; his enhanced authority, 719; his advice, 720; accompanies Churchill (June 1942), 722; accompanies Churchill to Cairo (1942), 725; accompanies Churchill, 747; and Rhodes, 755; and the proposed campaign in Italy (1943-44), 757; with Churchill in Tunisia (December 1943),762; finds Churchill 'desperately tired', 770; and Churchill's continued tiredness (1944),771; accompanies Churchill to Normandy (1944), 778; and the prospects of continuing the battle in Italy (June 1944), 780; loses his temper, 782; accompanies Churchill

INDEX 995

to Quebec (September 1944), 792; with Churchill In France (November 1944), 804; with Churchill in Cairo (December 1943), 761; with Churchill at the Siegfried Line (1945), 829; with Churchill at the Rhine (March 1945), 832; and Churchill's farewell (1945), 855

Brooke, Ronald: rides with Churchill (1900), 123; recalled, 709

Brooke, Rupert: commissioned, 278; dies, 31 I

Brooke, Sir Richard: and Churchill's challenge on India (1931), 500

Brooke, Victor: killed in action (1914), 127; recalled, 709

Brooklyn (N ew York): Churchill lectures in (1932), 504

Browne-Clayton, Lieutenant: 'cut in pieces' (1897),78

Bruce, Alan: and a cavalry scandal, 52 Bruce-Pryce, A.C.: his accusation, 61 Bruges: a British objective (1917), 378;

Churchill's adventure on the way to (1918),399

Bruning, Heinrich: replaced, 507; 'must hurry', 510

Brussels: German troopps advance through (1914); 282 British forces enter, 792; Churchill visits (March 1945), 829; Churchill VISitS (November 1945), 861; Churchill speaks in (1949), 882

Brussels Sugar Convention: Churchill attacks, 161

Buc (Northern France): Churchill's emergency landing at (1919),413

Buchan-Hepburn, Patrick: and Churchill's second Premiership, 906

Bucharest: Churchill's articles published in (1937), 576; 'in the Soviet sphere' (1946),866

Buchenwald: Churchill send a delegation to (1945), 836

Buckle, George Earle: Churchill thanks, 134

Budapest: Communist seizure of power in (1919),411; a Big Three conference envisged in (1945), 761; 'in the Soviet sphere' (1946), 866

Buderich (Germany): Churchill shelled at (March 1945),832

Budgets: Churchill introduces (1925-29), 470,474,481,485,489

Buffalo Bill: Churchill's visit to, 13 Bulganin, Marshal: succeeds Malenkov

(1955),938; in London, 947 Bulgaria: and the Dardanelles (1915),

290, 294; surrenders (1918), 398; begins to look to Germany (1935),544; and Munich (1938), 599; 'might fall into our hands', 761; surrenders (September 1944), 792; future of (1944),796

bulldog: Churchill sells bicycle in order to buy (1891), 29; Churchill's characterisation of ( 1914), 281

Buller, General, 107, 108; forced back from Colenso, 120; Churchill reaches headquarters of, after his escape, 121; gives Churchill a lieutenancy, 122

Burgin, Leslie, 613 Burke, Edmond, 793 Burley-on-the-Hill (Rutland): Churchill

helps tackle blaze at, 197 Burma: annexed (1886), 9; defence of,

717; a setback in (1942),731; problems of fighting in, 745

Burma Independence Bill (1947): Churchill opposes, 877,878,885

Burnham, Charles: helps Churchill escape from Witbank (1899), 120

Burnham, Lord: and India, 518 Burnley: Churchill's appeal to Liberals at

(1924),460 Burns, Robert: Churchill's request for a

volumeof(1916),340 Butler, David: and the 1951 election, 897 Butler, R.A.: and Churchill's second

Premiership, 899, 905; and Churchill's stroke, 913; Churchill confides in, 923; and Churchill's telegram to Molotov, 928; and Churchill's resignation, 939

Buttle, Lieutenant-Colonel: and Churchill's illness (1943),763

Buzzard, Dr Thomas: and Lord Randolph's final illness, 48

Byrnes, James: meets Churchill (1946), 864

Cabinet War Rooms: see index entry for Central War Rooms

Cadogan, Sir Alexander: accompanies Churchill to Tours (1940), 659; his dairy notes, 708, 739, 770, 772, 801, 831, 836; accompanies Churchill to Boston, 753; and Rhodes, 755; and


Attlee's rebuke, 816; at Yalta, 821; at Potsdam, 852

Caen (Normandy): and the Allied landings (1944),777; liberated, 784

Caillaux, Joseph: Churchill negotiates with,473

Cairo: Churchill writes in (1899), 103; Churchill presides at Conference at (1921), 432, 434; the threat to (1940-41), 682; Churchill's wartime visits to (1942-45), 725, 729, 738, 739, 761; Churchill meets Roosevelt at (1943), 759; doctors and nurses summoned to Moscow from, 799; Churchill suggests military action against (1956),948

Calais: endangered (1914), 282; Churchill not invited to (1915), 323; mutiny in (1919), 407; again endangered (May 1940),649; not to be evacuated, 650; Churchill suggests bombing raids on, 675; and deception (1944), 769; Germans hold (September 1944),792

Calcutta: Churchill in (1896), 67; Churchill returns to (1898), 85

Calgary: Churchill visits (1929),493 Caligula: and Sir Thomas Inskip, 552 Callagan, James: and the Fulton speech

(1946),868 Cambrai: battle of(1917), 380, 381 Cambridge: Churchill lectures in (1900),

137 Cambridge University: and 'polish' for

the mind, 55; 'exuberant spirits' at, 214

camel riding: Churchill thrown during (1921),434

Camp Jackson (South Carolina): Churchill visits (1942),723

Campbell, Mrs Patrick: marries Churchill's step-father, 391

Campbell, Sir Ronald: at Tours (1940), 660; in Belgrade (1941), 693

Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry: Lord Randolph's telegram to, 44; signs Churchill's commission (1895), 51; hears Churchill's maiden speech, 139; Churchill protests to, 153; Churchill enlists help from, 155; and Churchill's 'brilliant speech', 161; as Prime Minister(1905), 173; a word of caution from, 181; praise from, 182; resigns, 193

Camrose, Lord: Churchill's friendship

with, 588; seeks Churchill's return o uly 1939), 616; and the rurchase of Chartwell for the Nationa Trust, 873

Canada: Churchill's lecture tour in (1900), 138; withdraws from battleship construction (1913), 253; and the Chanak crisis (1922), 451; Churchill's visit to (1929), 492; no paintings to go to (1940),654; convoys from, attacked, 680; Churchill visits (December 1941),715; and the atom bomb, 746; Churchill's broadcast to (1943), 752; war dead of, after Normandy, 831; Churchill's visit to (1952),902

Canadian Lakes: ships on (1939),629 Canadian troops: and the battle for

France (1940),653,658,661 Canford Manor: Churchill at, 151, 173 Cannes: Churchill on holiday at, 457,

532,545,607 Canopus: sunk (1914), 288 Canute, King: recalled, 920 Cap d'Ail (South of France): Churchill

stays at (1921),436 Cap Martin (South of France): Churchill

on holiday at (1937),574 Cape Town: Churchill reaches (1899),

107; Churchill returns to, 126; Churchill's final days in (1900), 131

capitalism: 'excites my most lively terror', 115; and 'vital necessities', 468

Caporetto, battle of (1917),379 Capri: Churchill's visit to (1944), 787 Carden, Admiral: and the Dardanelles,

288, 292, 293, 295, 296, 298, 300-4

Cardiff: Churchill speaks at, 104, 159, 889

Caretaker Government: formed (May 1945),846

Carezza (Italy): Churchill at (1949), 885 Carlton Club: Churchill has to leave

(1905), 171; meeting at, rejects the Coalition (1922), 453

Carlyle, Thomas: Churchill reads, 23; quoted,833

Carnarvon: Churchill speaks at (1904), 169

Carrickfergus: to be defended (1914), 256; blockade off, ended, 267

Carson, Sir Edward: invites Churchill to the Commons (1893), 37; opposes Home Rule for Ulster, 249; Churchill

INDEX 997

proposes a compromise to (1914),257; denounces Churchill (1914),257; and the Irish crisis in (1914), 264; and the coming of war in (1914), 269; denunciation of, recalled, 318; and Gallipoli, 343; in 1916, 344; Churchill's contact with in 1916, 346; his advice (1916), 355, and conscription (1916), 360; and the Unionist War Committee, 362; opposes Churchill's return to office (1917),369; a supp'0rter (1924), 463

Carthage: Churchill taken ill at (December 1943),762,763

Cartland, Ronald: 'the time to fight', 617 Casablanca: landing at (1942), 733;

Churchill meets Roosevelt at (1943), 737

Caspian Sea: and Hitler (1940), 668; threatened (1941), 707; Churchill wants to meet Stalin at, 719

Cassel (France): Royal Marines move up to(1914),282

Cassel, Sir Ernest: and Churchill's investments, 131; Churchill stays with, 169; visits the Kaiser, 242

Cassells, Lieutenant: wounded (1897),76 Cassis (South ofFrance): Churchill paints

at,425 Castlereagh, Lord: wants Churchill as

Minister of Defence (1936), 551 Catholics: alienated (1908), 194; opposed

to Soviet domination of Poland (1945), 830

Cattaro: a proposed landing at (1915), 295

Caucasus: and the Dardanelles (1915), 291; British troops to withdraw from (1919),414; possible German advance through (1941), 695, 702; possible British force to, 707

Cavalcade: and Churchill as Ministry of Defence (1936), 551

cavalry: Churchill enters, 37; at Omdurman (1898), 95, 96; and the battle of Arras (1917), 371

Cavan, Lord: advises Churchill (1915), 335

Cawnpore (India): violence in (1931), 501

Caxton Hall (London): Churchill nominatesChamberiainat(1937),577

Cecil family: 'odious', 251 Cecil, Lord Hugh: and Churchill's

political future, 147, 155, 158, 159, 160; Churchill's letters to, 167; and Churchill's attacks on Ministers, 168; an ally (1934), 528; Churchill confides in (1945 and 1947),856,875

Cecil, Lord Robert: and the coming of war in (1914), 271, 272

Central Party: Churchill advocates (1902),151

Central War Rooms (1940-45): Churchill descendsto,679,681,684, 782, 791

Centurion: Churchill launches, 240 Ceylon: 'morally dishonouring'

explanations from, 183; 'vilestscandal' in, 183; and the Dardanelles, 296; Japanese air attack on (1942),720

Chamberlain, Austen: Churchill's guest (1912), 246; and British intervention in Russia (1919), 413; and Churchill's search for economy (1921),433; leaves the Treasury (1921), 436; and Churchill's speech on the Irish Treaty, 442; and theChanakcrisis(1922),451; wants Coalition to continue (1922), 453; and Churchill's return to the Cabinet (1924),465; and the Ten Year Rule (of 1919) on Defence spending, 485; and foreign policy, 488; opposes Churchill on India (1931), 503; joins the Defence Deputation (1936), 559; and the Anti-Nazi Council, 564; leads Defence Deputation (1936),567; dies, 574

Chamberlain, Ivy (Lady Chamberlain): condolences to, 574

Chamberlain, Joseph: forms Liberal Unionists, 11; becomes Colonial Secretary, 54; and South Africa, 61; 'Mr Winston keeps his eyes open' (1896), 62; and Free Trade, 66; his influence neglected, 81; 'losing ground' (1899), 103; his help (1899), 106; impressed by Churchill's Boer War despatches, 124; gives Churchill a 'flattering reception (1900), 134; speaks for Churchill at Oldham (1900), 135; his praise, 136; and Churchill's maiden speech, 139; Churchill's discussions with, 145; his criticism, and his advice, 148; Churchill's friendship with, 151; Churchill answers, 154; raises banner of tariffs (1903), 154; bears 'no malice', 157; resigns from Cabinet, 157; and


Churchill's biography of his father, 169; and Churchill's change of Party, 169; Churchill suggests Order of Merit for, 223; recalled, 436

Chamberlain, Neville: 'convinced' by Churchill (1922), 445; and Churchill's Exchequer years, 467, 470, 471; and Churchill's derating scheme (1927 -28), 482, 483; and Churchill's character (1928-29), 486, and Churchill's fifth Budget, 489; and Protection, 491; and Churchill's future (1929), 493; and Indian self-government, 497; becomes Chancellor of the Exchequer (1931), 503; and Defence deficiencies, 513; and Churchill's possible Defence Ministry, 551; and the Rhineland crisis (1936), 553; and Defence spending (1936-39), 552, 558, 561, 566; at Defence Deputation (1936), 567; and the Abdication, 569; becomes Prime Minister (1937), 573; Churchill contemplates an appeal to (1937),582; and the League of Nations, 585; abandons Baldwin's air parity pledge, 586, and appeasement, 587; and the 'price' of peace (1938), 588; and Czechoslovakia, 591, 593, 594, 595, 596; and Defence deficiencies (1938), 592; and Munich (1938),597,598,599; and Churchill's )udgment' (1938),604; and the aftermath of Munich (1938-39),605,609; Churchill answers (1938),605; and the call for Churchill's return, 607; and Churchill's concern about Air Raid Precautions, 611; and the British guarantee to Poland (1939), 612; Churchill's advice to (April 1939), 612; and Churchill's wish to enter the Cabinet (1939), 613; opposed to a Soviet alliance (1939),614; and Hitler's desire for Danzig (1939), 616; Hitler's attitude to auly 1939), 616; opposes Churchill's return aune-July 1939), 616; and the last halting steps to war (September 1939), 619; 'good hopes ... will stand firm' (September 1939), 619; invites Churchill to join War Cabinet (September 1939),619; and the outbreak of war (September 1939),623; 'defeatisttones'of,627;and Norway (1940), 634, 635; his confidence (April-May 1940),635; and the political crisis (April-May 1940),

636, 637, 638, 639, 640; and the German attack in the West (May 1940), 64 I; resigns, 642; suggests that Churchill broadcasts (May 1940),647; and Mussolini's proposal for a negotiated peace (1940), 651; and the battle in France (1940), 65 I; and the fall of France, 661; Churchill's encouraging message to (August 1940), 67 I; and Dakar, 678; ill-health of, 679; dies, 683; recalled (in 1945),826

Chanak: and the Dardanelles (1915), 303, 304, 311; Churchill wants 'dash' on (1915), 327; British troops at (1919-22), 428, 450; Greeks driven back to (1922), 450; first Cabinet discussions of, 450; and the Dominions, 451; Churchill strikes a note of caution concerning, 451; Lloyd George gives Churchill responsibilities for, 451; Churchill suggests evacuation of, 452; Turks pull back from, 453; recalled, 456

Channon, Henry: and Churchill's speeches, 575; and the political crisis (April-May 1940),637,638; his diary notes, 770, 880, 890; and Churchill's second Premiership, 905, 907

Chaplin, Charlie: Churchill's promise to, 494

Chapman, General: and Churchill's Intelligence task (1895), 56

Charing Cross Hotel (London): Fisher tracked down at (1915),315

Charles, Prince: Churchill's impression of (1952),908

Chartwell: Churchill buys (1922), 450; rebuilding of, 457, 458; to be 'our home', 458; Churchill lives at (from 1924), 462; Churchill entertains friends at (1926), 473; Ramsay MacDonald's secret visit to (1926), 478; Churchill's life at, 482, 483; bricklaying at, 486; Ralph Wigram's first visit to (1935), 542; a lunch for Wigram's mourners at (1937), 571; possible sale of(1937), 573; Air Force officers visit (1937), 579; a German officer visits (1938),593; on the eve of war, 616; Churchill seeks solitude at (1941), 699; Churchill again seeks solitude at (1942), 720; German prisoners-of-war at, 861; possible sale of (1946), 873; election consultations

INDEX 999

at (1950),888; and Churchill's second Premiership, 899; Churchill recuperates at, 904, 905; Churchill leaves for the last time, 958

Chateau de Muguet (Loire): Churchill flies to (1940), 658

Chatfield, Admiral: and the Mediterranean, 545;joins Cabinet, 609

Chelsea: Churchill speaks for Free Trade at (1903), 159

Cheltenham: Churchill lectures at (1900),137

Chequers: Churchill's first visit to (1921), 432; Churchill's wartime visits to (1940-5),664,670,674,676,680,681, 686,688,691,696,698,700,701,704, 706,710, 711, 731, 737, 740, 741, 747, 748,749,769,774,826; research near, 673; Churchill wartime broadcasts from, 697,717,770; 'Are we beasts?', 748; Churchill leaves, for Athens (Christmas 1944),809; crowds on the way to (1945), 848; Churchill's farewell at (1945), 856; and Churchill's second Premiership (1951-5), 909,915,916; Churchill's journey to (1956), 948

Cherbourg: Churchill visits (1914), 259; Canadian troops land at (1940), 661; Churchill's plan for a raid on (1940), 670; Churchill flies to 0 uly 1944),784

Cherbourg Peninsula: a possible landing on (1942), 725; contingency plan to seize (1943), 738 and the Normandy landings (1944), 777; Churchill's plane forced back from, through fog (August 1944),786

Cherwell, Lord for earlier index entries see Lindemann, Professor: Churchill's friendship with, 878, 943; and Churchill's second Premiership, 920; dies, 951; recalled, 952

Chiang Kai-shek: Churchill proposes to fly to (1942), 717

Chicago: Churchill speaks in (1929),494; Churchill guarded in (1932), 505

Chicago (American warship): Churchill visits (1894),45

Chiefs of Staff: and Defence deficiencies (1934), 530; and Norway (1940),635; Churchill's suggestions to, 674, 686; and Greece, 682; 'subservient', 685; approve Churchill's priorities (April 1941), 697; reject Stalin's requests, 703; reject Churchill's suggestions,

708; and American strategy, 713; and bombing policy, 713; 'operational control' of, 724; argue against a cross-Channel landing in 1943, 736; and Sicily, 743; and the proposed campaign in Italy (1943-44), 757; 'indecisions' of, 758; and Churchill's qualities, 773; and the Adriatic plan Oune 1944), 780; approve British troops for Greece (1944), 788; agree to re-inforce Athens (1944), 812; oppose Eisenhower's strategy (March 1945),834; 'architects of victory', 840; Churchill says goodbye to (1945), 855

Chieveley: Churchill reaches, 108 Chile: Churchill negotiates with (1918),

395 China: Russian troops fighting in (1898),

89; repatriation of labourers to, 177; attacks in (1927), 480; attacked by Japan (1933), 513; Allied disagreement on (1943), 745; transfer of aircraft from Mediterranean to (1944), 767; and Hong Kong, 818; Churchill accused of wanting war with (1952), 904; Churchill opposes bombing in, during Korean War, 905

Chinese labour: Churchill supports censure of (1904), 162; Churchill opposes, 177; and continuing 'malpractices', 179

Chobham Common: Churchill map-making on (1894); 44

Christ, George: helps Churchill (1950), 888; helps Churchill in retirement, 945

Christendom: madness sweeps mind of (1914),268

Christian civilisation: 'survival of (1940), 663

Christian ethics: and 'Nazi power', 599 Christianity: Churchill's youthful

reflections on (1888), 19; Churchill's thoughts on (1896),68; Churchill does not 'accept', 92

Christina: Churchill cruises on (1958-63), 954,956,958

Church House (Westminster): House of Commons meets at ( 1941 ), 698

Church of England: 'partisan', 70 Churchill College, Cambridge: origin of,

943 Churchill, Arabella: at La Capponcina,

954


Churchill, Clarissa: marries Anthony Eden,907,908

Churchill, Clementine S. (for earlier irukx entries, see Hozier, Clementine): on honeymoon (1908), 200; expecting first child, 204; her daughter Diana born (1909), 205; recuperates, 206; her husband's words of encouragement and advice to (1909),206; first wedding anniversary of, 207; her pride in her husband, 208; pulls her husband back from platform's edge, 210; expecting her second child, 227; atthecoronation (1911),228; her husband'sconcern for, 246; her husband's apology to (1912), 247; upset by her husband's flying lessons (1913),252; expecting herthird child, 259; and the coming of war in 1914,272; her advice and warnings, 282; her third child born, 285; and the political crisis of May 1915, 320; and her husband's last will and testament (1915),323; 'calm and brave', 329; and her husband's duty (1915), 334; her husband's advice to (1915), 335; telephones her husband in France (1915),336; her torment (1915), 337; her advice, 342, 359, 386, 413, 439, 440,460,465,806,876; her husband's requests to, 344, 345, 355; opposes her husband's call for Fisher's return, 351; urges her husband to return to France (1916),355; her sad confession (1916), 357; 'wise & sagacious', 394; expecting her fourth child, 391; tenth wedding anniversaryof( 1918),397; recuperates (1921),433; expecting her fifth child, 448; birth of her fifth child, 450; campaigns at Dundee (1922), 455; accompanies her husband to Cairo (1921), 433; an anniversary gift for, 457; at West Leicester ( 1923), 459; and her husband's peace of mind, 470; and her husband's visit to Canada (1929), 492; on holiday with her husband, 532; 'Baldwin must be mad', 550; and the death of Ralph Wigram (1937), 571; and the death of Sidney Peel, 607; and the outbreak of war (September 1939), 623; and her husband's wartime Premiership, 662, 665,718; at Bristol (1941), 696; her good wishes (August 1941),705; her Aid to Russia Appeal (1941),708; and the 'burden' on her

husband, 719; and her husband's journey to Cairo and Moscow (1942), 725; and her husband's return from North Africa (1943),740; accompanies her husband to Quebec (1943), 750; and her husband's illness (December 1943),763; and a brief wartime respite, 795; and her husband's character, 833; her encouragement, 746, 759; and her husband's mission to Athens (1944), 809; her mission to Russia (1945),833; and Victory in Europe, 840; recalls Lloyd George, 834; in Moscow, 843; and the General Election of 1945, 848; 'difficult days' for, 861; at Choisi, 872; her political luncheons (1949), 883; joins her husband at Marrakech (1950), 894; and her husband's second Premiership, 897, 900, 919; and her husband's stroke, 917; her Golden Wedding (1958), 954; her husband's last letters to, 956

Churchill, Diana: born (1909), 205; her father and her nurse, 206; Churchill's thoughts on future for, 207; Churchill buys toys for, 230; on holiday (1914), 264, 'very loving', 433; 'shaping into a very beautiful being', 443; her marriages, 497; travels with her father (1931),503; her anxiety (1943), 747; 'gloomy' about the imminent election results (1945), 854; at Marrakech (1950), 894; Churchill's concern for, 954; and her father's old age, 956; dies, 958

Churchill,John George: 204, 492 Churchill, John S. Qack): Churchill's

brother,2,4,8,13,27,36,44,45;Churchill travels in Europe with, 37; and the death of Mrs Everest, 53; Churchill's advice to, 64;joins Churchill in South Africa, 122; wounded, 123; engaged, 188; marries, 197; at Dunkirk (1914), 287; at Ypres (1914), 289; at the Dardanelles (1915), 306, 311; at Gallipoli, 325; on the Western Front (1917),378; Churchill goes to Front with (1918), 393; Churchill listens to music with (1927),482; dies, 875

Churchill, Lady Gwendeline: see also Bertie, Lady Gwendeline; and Churchill's first steps as painter (1915),322

Churchill, Lady Randolph: Churchill's

INDEX 1001

birth, 1; Churchill first letter to, 2; takes Churchill to boarding school, 3; Churchill seeks visits from, 4, 9, 20; her criticisms, 4, 27, 33, 56, 69; Churchill 'afraid' of, 4; and her son's extravagance, 6; Churchill seeks funds from, 12; Churchill enlists help of, 13, 23,62,63,66,71,80,81,82,89,91; in Russia, 15; 'not very kind', 22; her advice, 24, 25, 36, 39; her criticism, 30, 36,41; and her husband's last voyage, 44; and her husband's final illness, 48; has no home of her own, 54; acquires a London house (1895), 55; and the Cretan uprising (1897), 68; Churchill helps financially (1897), 70; her influence, 80; her extravagance, 85; Churchill confides in, 87, 88, 97; Churchill's legal action against (1898), 88; asked to use her influence, 114; reaches Durban, 122; further help sought from, 124; marries for the second time (1900),133; her 'wit and energy' transmitted to her son, 138; hears her son's maiden speech, 139; requests to, 139; recalled, 185; and her son's destiny (1915), 334; marries for the third time (1918), 391; dies, 438; her death recalled, 470; her son visits her birthplace (1953), 909

Churchill, Lord Randolph: his son's birth, 1; his concern for his son's health, 4; travels with his son, 5; and his son's 'adventures', 7; leaves for India, 7; appointed Secretary of State for India, 8; his growing fame, 8; and his son's pneumonia, 9; becomes Chancellor of the Exchequer, ll; elected for Paddington, 11; his controversial budget, 12; resigns (1886), 12; delighted by his son's loyalty, 13; 'You have never been to see me', 22; a visit of inspection from, 22; visits Harrow, 23; 'a stony and acid silence', 23; thinks singing 'a waste of time', 24; advice from, 31; and a possible business career for his son, 32; political isolation of (1892), 32; criticisms from, 32; Churchill listens 'spellbound' to, 33; Churchill encourages, 36; his anger, 37; 'pleased' to see his son, 40; complaints from, 40; a sympathetic letter from, 42; angered, 43; worsening illness of,

43; his last voyage, 44; his son's farewell, 44; his final illness, 48; dies, 48; and the Primrose League, 71; Churchill contemplates writing a life of (1898), 87; his 'abilities'inherited, 100; 'a certain splendid memory', 139; Churchill recalls policy of(1901), 142; Churchill's biography of, 150, 151, 153, 169; and the making of the Conservative and Unionist Party, 151; and Tory Democracy, 151; and a 'national party', 154; a former ally of, speaks up for Churchill, 163; Churchill chooses seat of (1904), 165; his Ulster dictum challenged by his son (1914), 255; his 'renegade son' denounced, 257; a memorandum of, quoted, 871; recalled, 2, 55, 65, 67, 101,103,152,158,159,163,169,175, 176,180,185,186,198,201,333,344, 365,436,465,721

Churchill, Marigold: born (1918),403; at Chequers, 432; and the Zoo, 433; dies (1921),439

Churchill, Mary: born (1922), 450; 'flourishing' (1925), 470; her father builds a cottage for, 486; her recollections, 169, 199, 679, 850; at Bristol (1941), 696; and her father's wartime Premiership, 718, 719, 737, accompanies her father to Quebec (1943), 750; her wartime recollections, 754; and her father's 70th birthday, 806; awarded the MBE (1945), 835; accom panies her father in celebration, 843; accompanies her father to Potsdam, 850; and her father's defeat (1945), 856; her words of comfort, 862; at Choisi, 872; and her father's 'largeness of heart', 873; marries Christopher Soames, 875; and her father's stroke, 912; and her father's possible resignation, 931; and her father's final decade, 945; and 'the qualities of your heart', 959

Churchill, Pamela: the birth of her son, 680; and the invasion of Sicily, 748; Churchill's sympathy for, 863

Churchill, Randolph S.: his recollections, 20; publishes letter about Lord Randolph's final illness, 49; on holiday (1914), 264; 'will carryon the lamp', 324; no need to be 'ashamed', 333; his father's letter to (1916), 344; recalls


childhood games, 372; 'very sprightly', 433; hears his father's Budgets, 470; a visit to (1925), 470; on holiday with his father (1928), 483; a 'corrective' influence for, 484; in Canada with his father (1929), 492; on holiday with his father (1931), 50 I; stands a 'hard test' (1933),513; on holiday with his father (1934), 532; and India, 538; gives a party for his father (1934), 538; defeated (1935), 547; his father's warning to (1935), 548; challenges MacDonald's son (1936),549; marries, 627; accompanies his father to France (1940), 631 ; and the German attack in the West (May 1940), 641; and the political crisis (May 1940),641,643; his encouragement, 655; elected to Parliament (1940), 679; in Cairo (1941), 698; his father confides in, 706; lands near Algiers (1942), 733; with his father in Cairo (1943), 739; with Tito (1944), 774; with his father in Algiers, 786; and Victory in Europe, 841; defeated (1945), 855; his divorce, 863; an unsuccessful Parliamentary candidate (1950,1951), 889; and his father's last years, 954

Churchill, Sarah: born (1914), 285; and her brother, 433; 'full of."human qualities', 443; and Professor Lindemann, 512; her marriage to Vic Oliver, 563; accompanies her father (1943), 759; her father confides in, 762; with her father (in Carthage 1943), 763; serves with Photographic Reconnaissance, 774; at Yalta, 817, 819; and housing, 847; and the 'Gestapo speech', 847; and her father's defeat (1945), 856; accompanies her father to Italy (1945), 858; accompanies her father to the United States and Cuba (1946), 864; her condolences, 875; encourages her father, 879; Churchill's concern for, 954

Churchill, Winston S.: born (1940), 680; visits his grandfather at Monte Carlo; 957

Churchill, Winston S. (Sir Winston Churchill): born (1874), I; first surviving letter of (1882), 2; at St George's School, Ascot (1882-84), 3-6; first journey overseas (1883), 5; at

Miss Thomsons' School, Brighton (1884-88),6-17; and Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee (1887), 13-14; at Harrow School (1888-92), 19-34; at CaptainJames's Crammers ( 1893), 35; at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst (1893-95), 39-47; death of his father (1895), 48-9; his early years as a soldier (1895-1900), 51-131; in Cuba (1895), 56-60; in India (1895-98), 63-103; in action on the North-West Frontier (1897), 75-79; publishes his first book (1898), 86; in action in the Sudan (1898) 92-100; charges with the cavalry at Omdurman (1898), 92; stands unsuccessfully for Parliament (1899), 104; in action in South Africa (1899-1900), 107-131; taken prisoner of war (1899) 113; escapes from captivity (1899), 115; elected to Parliament (1900), 135; his maiden sBeech(1901),139;crossesthe floor of the House from the Conservative to the Liberal benches (1904),165; Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies (1905-08), 174-191; President of the Board of Trade (1908-10), 194-210; marries Clementine Hozier (1908),200; Home Secretary (1910-11), 211-237; and Tonypandy (1910), 220; at Sidney Street (1911), 223-224; First Lord of the Admiralty (1911-1915), 239-320; at Antwerp (1914), 283-286; Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (1915) 320-328; out of office (1915-17), 328-373; serves on the Western Front (1915-16), 331-360; Minister of Munitions (1917 -18), 374-402; Secretary of State for War and Air (1919-21),405-429; Secretary of State for the Colonies (1921-22), 429-454; death of his mother (1921), 438; out of office (1922-24), 454-465; Chancellor of the Exchequer (1921-29), 465-489; returns to the Conservative Party (1925),467; out of office (1929-30), 489-621; serves on Air Defence Research Sub-committee (1935-39), 544; First Lord of the Admiralty (1939-40), 623-642; and Narvik (1940), 626-657; Prime Minister and Minister of Defence (1940-45),642-855; at the Casablanca

INDEX 1003

Conference (1943), 737-738; at the Teheran Conference (I 943), 756-761; at the Yalta Conference (1945), 816-824; at the Potsdam Conference (1945), 816-824; Leader of the Opposition (1945-51),855-897; Prime Minister (1951-55), 897-939; at the Bermuda Conference (1953), 920-921; Knight of the Garter (1953), 911; Nobel Prize for Literature (I 953), 919; retirement years (1955-65), 943-958; dies (1965), 958

Churt (Surrey): secret meeting at (1924), 462

City of Benares: torpedoed (1940),677 Clark Kerr, Sir Archibald: in Moscow

(1942), 725, 730 Clark, General Mark: and Anzio, 767 Clarke, Colonel Frank: Churchill's host

(1943),752 Clemenceau, Georges: Churchill hears

(1917), 380; Churchill's mission to (1918), 385, 386, 387; Churchill visits (August 1918),394

Clydeside: strike spreads to (1908), 195; strike on (1917), 376

Co-ordination of Defence: Churchill a possible Minister of (1936), 549; Inskip appointed (1936), 552

coal industry: Churchill's efforts to secure a settlement in (1925-26), 472, 477,478; worsening crisis in (1926), 474; and Churchill's derating scheme (1928),483

coal mines: Churchill's reforms for (1908),196

Coal Mines Bill (1911): Churchill introduces, 226

coalition: the possibility of (in 1914),269; and the Dardanelles (1915), 302; and an 'effective WarGovernment' (1939), 621; Churchill advocates (1952), 905

Cobden-Sanderson, Mrs: Churchill orders arrest of, 221

Cockran, Bourke: Churchill's friendship with, 58, 61; Churchill's letter to, 1I5, 136

Codrington: Churchill crosses Channel on (1940),631

Cold War: 'frightful waste' of, 899 Colenso: Churchill reaches (1899), 108;

Churchill returns to outskirts of, 109; General Buller forced back from, 120

collective security: Churchill advocates

(1934),533,564; in prospect (1935), 543; and Abyssinia, 544; abandoned (1935), 548; and the Soviet Union, 553; Churchill's plan for (1936), 556; and Halifax's visit to Hitler, 585; and 'Britain's word', 589; and rearmament, 589; and Czechoslovakia, 594; and Munich (1938), 599; and Hitler, 611

Collins, Michael: Churchill negotiates with (1921-2), 441, 444, 445, 446; becomes Prime Minister in Dublin, 444; assassinated (August 1922),449; recalled,456

Cologne: air raid on (1914), recalled, 352; Churchill's visit to (1919), 415; bombed (1942), 721; Germans abandon (1945), 830

Colonial Office: and an 'accomplished fact', 188; Churchill offered (1915), 318; Churchill begins work at (1921), 431; Churchill suggested for (1924), 465

Colonist II: Churchill's racehorse, 886, 895

Colville, General Sir Henry: Churchill urges enquiry into dismissal of, 140

Colville, (Sir) John: his diary notes (1939-45),627,647,655,658,668,670,674, 677,678,680,686,688,689,692,700, 701,718,765,771,772,805,815,816;at Bristol (1941), 696; and Churchill's qualities, 773; accompanies Churchill to Athens (Christmas 1944),808; and Poland, 827; with Churchill at the Rhine (March 1945), 832, 833; his diary notes (after 1945), 878; and Churchill's second Premiership (1951-5),900,905,906,908,909,918, 926; and Churchill wish for talks with Russia, 91I; and Churchill's stroke, 913; and Churchill's continuing search for a summit (1953-55), 915, 916,920; at Bermuda (1953), 920;and Churchill's last years, 943, 950

Combined Chiefs of Staff Committee: established (1942), 715

Combined Raw Materials Board: established (1942), 715

Committee of Imperial Defence: and flying, 202; and the 'war against poverty', 205; and the Ten Year Rule, 485

Committee of National Organisation:


Churchill proposes for 'war against poverty', 205

Commonwealth Conference: Churchill chairs (1953), 912

Commonwealth immigration: a future problem, 922

Communism: and the English-speaking peoples, 504; and the Spanish Civil War, 575; Churchill a 'consistent opponent' of, 701; and Greece (1944), 796; and Italy (1944), 796; and Istria, 806; and 'the soul of man', 884; opposition to, a 'bond of unity' (1949), 885; Eastern Europe to be 'free of, 909; a 'tyrant', 927

Communists: to be forestalled in Greece (1944),788; in Athens, 806

Compiegne: Churchill visits front line near (1918),391

compulsory military service: Churchill prepared to accept (1910), 217; Churchill's call for (1915), 327; crisis concerning (1916),341,344,359,360, 361; and the British army on the Rhine (1919),406; the call for (in 1939),608, 614

Concarneau (Brittany): Churchill to sail to (1940), 662

concentration camps, 546, 562, 589; entered by the Allies, 836; a book about, 918

Concert of Europe: and Spain (1937), 575

conciliation: in South Africa, 179; Churchill seeks, during a shipbuilding dispute (1908),195; Churchill's search for, in South Wales (1910), 220; and Ireland (1914),255

Concorde, Place de la (Paris): Churchill visits (1883), 5

Congo: Churchill's scheme to 'catch' trade of, 190

Congress of Berlin (1878), 946 Congress of Europe: inaugurated (1948),

880 Coningsby (Disraeli): Churchill reads, 918 . Connaught, Duke of: Churchill escorts

(1895),53; talk with, 54 Conservative and Unionist Party:

created, I 1; 'too brilliant altogether', 54

Conservative Central Office: arranges for Churchill to speak (1897), 71; Churchill sends election address to

(1898), 85; Churchill's criticism of (1899), 104; and Churchill's opposition over India, 499; Churchill offers his services to (1935), 546; and Munich (1938), 603

Conservative Party: Churchill's youthful hopes for, 11; Churchill stands for (1899), 104; Churchill's victory 'of great use and value' to (1900), 136; Churchill's work for praised (1900), 136; Churchill angers leaders of (1901), 141; in a 'very brutal and bloody frame of mind', 147; a 'fatal doctrine' for, 147; Churchill's growing disillusionment with (1901), 147; Churchill wants creation of a 'Democratic or Progressive wing' of (1902), 150; and Churchill's plan for a 'central coalition' (1902), 152;Joseph Chamberlain's challenge to (1903), 154; and Protection, 155, 486, an 'awful slide' in store for, 162; and the defeat of the Tibetans at Guru (1904), 163; Churchill denounces (1904), 164; Churchill's attacks on, 167; 'constant conflict' with (1905), 171; Churchill defends his defection from, 175; and the Dreadnought crisis (1908), 201; sees itself as 'the ruling cast', 222; Churchill envisages Liberal 'reconciliation' with (1910), 222; and the constitutional crisis (1911), 230; and the coming of war in 1914,269, 270; and a possible wartime coalition (March 1915), 302; and criticism of Churchill's wartime visits to Paris (1915),314; and Fisher's resignation, 316; and the political crisis of May 1915,317; 'dream & intention' of, 344; Derby's warning about, 365; and the Chanak crisis (1922), 452; returns to power (1922), 457; defeated (1923), 460; and the defeat of Socialism (1924), 462; Churchill gives 'whole support' to (1924), 464; returns to power (1924), 464; Churchill returns to (1925), 467; defeated (1929), 489; leadership of, and Churchill's future (1929), 493; abandons Free Trade (1930),496; unease of, over Dominion Status (for India), 497; and Churchill's opposition over India, 499, 509, 516; spirit of 'with me' (on India), 500; victory for (1935), 547; Churchill

INDEX 1005

critical of the 'machine' of (1936),559; and the Freedom and Peace movement, 580; and Munich (1938), 603; and Churchill's emergence as Prime Minister (May 1940), 645;joins in 'solemn ... accord' Ouly 1940),667; Churchill becomes Leader of (October 1940),679; Stalin's toast to, 761; social reform plans of (1945), 847; Churchill's pre-war attacks on, recalled (1945), 849; Stalin forecasts a majority for (1945),852; Eden reports confidence of (1945),853; Churchill's two conflicts with (1948), 880; unease in (1949), 883; and Churchill's leadership (after 1945),889

Conservative Peers: Churchill's attacks on,217

Conservative Shadow Cabinet: and India (1929), 495; Churchill resigns from (1931),499

Constantine, King of Greece: 297 Constantinople: Churchill visits (1910),

218; and the Dardanelles, 291, 292, 294,295, 297,299,300, 301,302; an Entente objective, 291; and the 'coalition plan' (1915), 302; Churchill proposes bombing of (1915),324; and the battle of Loos, 327; 'take it soon', 329; British troops at (1919-22), 428; to be held (1922),450; Greek 'dreams' of,825

Constitution Square (Athens): Churchill speaks in (1945), 825

Constitutional History (Hallam): Churchill reads, 68

Constitutionalist: Churchill stands as (1924),462

Copenhagen: Churchill visits (1950),893 Corfu: Italian bombardment of (1923),

458; Churchill suggests occupation of (April 1939),612; and the iron curtain (1945),844

Cork (Ireland): violence in (1920), 427 Cork and Orrery, 12th Earl of: and

Norway,637,638,639 Cornwallis-West, Captain George:

marries Churchill's mother (1900), 133; marries Mrs Patrick Campbell, 391

Coronel: British navaldisasteroff( 1914), 288; recalled, 319, 327

Corpus Christi Day (1918): 'abject' suspension of air raids on, 392

Corregidor (Philippines): American forces on, surrender (1942), 721

Corsica: Churchill visits (1913), 249; occupied by Allies (1943), 755; Churchill flies to (1944), 788

Cosgrave, William: Churchill's help for (192),449

Cossack: exploit of (1940), 634 Cote d'Azur: Churchill works at (1948),

882 Council of Europe: inaugural meeting of

(1949),885 Courseulles (Normandy): Churchill goes

ashore at (1944), 778 Courtney, Ivon: teaches Churchill to fly,

248 Cove, William: and Churchill's

'scaremongering' (1935),542 Coventry: anti-aircraftdefenceof( 1940),

683; bombing raid on (1940), 684; bombed (1941), 696

Coward, Noel: Churchill dines with (May 1945),838

Cox, Sir Percy: and Iraq, 431, 434 Cradock, Admiral: defeated, 288 Craig, Sir James: and Churchill's efforts

atan Irish settlement (1922), 444, 445; a gift from (1938), 608

Crathie Kirk: Churchill worships at (1953),917

Creil (France): Churchill sets upa factory near (1917),380

Creswell, Lieutenant Thomas: teaches Churchill to fly, 259; killed, 260

Creswell, Michael: and German air strength (1935),542; brings Churchill information (1938),587

Crete: Churchill wants to report from (1896), 62; rebellion on (1897), 68; possibility of further action in (1898), 100; Churchill visits (1910), 218; British troops withdraw to (1941), 697; evacuation of, 698; German onslaught on, 698; nature of fighting on,699

Criccieth: Churchill's holiday at (1910), 218

Crimean War (1854-56): Churchill visits sites of (1945), 824

Cripps, Sir Stafford: mocks Churchill's call for rearmament (1934), 531; and the call for Churchill's return Ouly 1939),616; and the imminent defeat of Russia (1941), 701


Crisp, Charles: Churchill invests with, 137

Cromarty: British ships at, 236 Cromer (Norfolk): Churchill on holiday

at, 9, 264, 265; hazards of (in 1914), 277

Cromer, Lord: offers to help Churchill (1898), 90; helps Churchill with his book The River War, 103; and the Dardanelles Royal Commission (1916),366

Cromie, Captain: murdered by Bolsheviks (1918), 395

Cromwell, Oliver: recalled, 638; and Lloyd George, 833

Crookshank, Harry: and Churchill's second Premiership, 906, 923, 929

cross-Channel air service: Churchill institutes (1918), 391

cross-Channel landing: Stalin seeks (1942), 719; Churchill's plans for, 721; discussion of (June 1942),722; Stalin learns of postponement of, 725; and the Dieppe raid, 729; continuing plans for (1943), 736; setbacks to plans for (December 1942), 736; reduced priority of (January 1943), 737; and Sicily, 744; Churchill worries about, 751; primacy of assured (August 1943), 751; and the landing craft needed to attack Rhodes, 755; Churchill's alternate plan to (October 1943), 756; Stalin rejects postponement of (November 1943), 760; and Anzio, 764; discussed at Marrakech (December 1943), 765; final plans for, 767, 769, 771,772,773; Churchill's briefing for, 771

Croydon: Churchill's air crash at (1919), 414

Crystal Palace: Churchill's visit to (1891), 28

Cuba: Churchill visits (1895), 56, 58; Churchill under fire in, 59; Churchill's vision for, 60; an article by Churchill on (1896), 62; American invasion of (1898),88; Churchill's further articles on (1898), 88; Churchill's visit to (1946),864

Cudlipp, Percy: and the call for Churchill's return (1939), 613

Cumberland: hit (1940),678 Cunningham, Admiral Sir Andrew:

appointed First Sea Lord (1943), 755;

finds Churchill 'at his best', 779; finds Churchill 'very tired', 782; and Churchill's pneumonia (August 1944), 791; accompanies Churchill to Quebec (1944), 794

Cunningham, Admiral Sir John: and Anzio, 764, 767

Curragh: 'mutiny' at (1914), 257; recalled,264

Curzon Line: and Poland's post-war frontiers, 760, 795, 835

Curzon, Lord: foresees a Churchill 'triumph', 136; advice from, 141; opposes Churchill's visit to Dardanelles, 324; Churchill confides in, 329; and the Dardanelles, 336; Churchill's contact with in 1916, 346; Churchill's unexpected guest (1916), 347; invites Churchill to Air Board (1916), 363; resigns (1916), 368; opposes Churchill's return to office (1917),374; and British intervention in Russia (1919),413; wishes to retain Gallipoli (1922),450; dies, 470

Custance, Admiral Sir Reginald: supports Churchill (1933),515

Cuxhaven: air raid on (December 1914), 290; recalled, 352

Cvetkovic, Dr: Churchill appeals to (1941),692; signs pact with Hitler, 693

Cyprus: Churchill visits, 186,739 Cyrenaica: Italians driven from (1941),

689; Churchill's plan for (1941),690 Czechoslovakia: determined (1932),510;

endangered (1936-38),553,584,589, 590, 592, 593; and the road to the Black Sea (1938), 596; Anglo-French plan for (1938), 596; 'silent. .. broken', 598; Hitler's final assault on (1939), 611; 'lost', 617; Churchill's broadcast to (1940), 679; Soviet forces enter, 800; to be part of a Central European Customs union, 800; Churchill's hopes for (1945), 827; Churchill seeks American liberation of (1945), 838; Communists seize power in (1948), 879; future of (1944-45),845

Czechs: 'in bondage' (1939), 615; 'bludgeoned', 647; held down (1941), 693; under Soviet control, 860

Daily Chronicle: Churchill seeks commission from (1896), 62; and Churchill's maiden speech, 140

INDEX 1007

Daily Desp!!tch: and anger against ChurchIll (1933), 515

Daily Express: and Churchill's maiden speech (1901), 139; and Churchill's popularity with the lower deck (1912), 245; l'nd Churchill's fifth Budget, 489; apologises to Churchill (1935), 543; Churchill praises (1954),924

Daily Graphic: an article on Churchill's father in, 8; Churchill becomes correspondent of (1895), 56; Churchill's despatches to, 58, 59, 60

Daily Herald: denounces Churchill (1919),413

Daily Mail: wants Churchill as its correspondent in South Africa (1899), 105; denounces Churchill's radicalism, 163; and Antwerp, 286; recalls Antwerp and Gallipoli, 367; and the Chanak crisis (1922),451; and the General Strike (of 1926), 474; Churchill's article in, on India (1929), 495; Churchill's warning on India in (1931), 502; its lucrative commission (1931-32), 503; Churchill's articles in, 504,506,509,510

Daily MiTTOT: and the 1951 election, 897; calls for Churchill's resignation (1954),922; mockery of, 924

Daily Telegraph: publishes Churchill's North-West Frontier letters (1897), 75,80,82,86; and Churchill's maiden speech, 139; and a 'weighty and eloquent' speech (1914), 255; Churchill's articles in (1938-39), 588, 592,615

Dakar: French warships at (1940), 666; operation against (1940), 677

Daladier, Edouard, 523; and Munich (1938), 597; and Churchill's pledge (November 1939),628

Dalmatian Coast (of Yugoslavia): strategy for (1943-44), 753; Churchill's proposed commando operation on, 767

Dalmeny: Churchill stays with Lord Rosebery at, 150

Dalton, Hugh: and the Anti-Nazi Council (1936),555; and Churchill's rejection of a negotiated peace (1940),651; and a 'new instrument of war', 668

Damascus: and Gallipoli, 309 Damaskinos, Archbishop: Churchill

uneasy about (1944), 808; Churchill

meets, 810, 81l; 'extremely determined', 813; becomes Regent, 814

Danes: 'may leap out' (1939), 618; 'bludgeoned', 647

Danube, the: and the Dardanelles, (1915),294,297; and Munich (1938), 599; Roosevelt proposes an advance to (1944), 760; a possible advance to Uune 1944),780

Danzig: and danger for Europe (1932), 511 ;anda 'German menace', 527; and the coming of war (1939), 615, 623; Churchill asks for Soviet attack on (1945),817

Dardanelles: to be blockaded (1914), 278; Churchill suggests a 'prompt blow' at, 288; first bombardment at, 288; and Churchill's wish for a 'heroic adventure' against, 290; genesis of the attack on, 291; continued bombardment at, 298, 300; a landing at (I March 1915),301; discussion of a renewed naval attack at, 304; naval attack at (18 March 1915), 304; repercussions of, 309, 31l, 313, 315, 317,319,321,323,325,327; failure of, 309; renewed possibility of action at, 312; Kitchener asks Churchill to visit, 323; Curzon opposes Churchill's visit to, 324; Balfour rejects Churchill's advice on (August 1915), 326; Churchill proposes a further naval attack at (August 1915), 326; Churchill taunted with, 327; Asquith declines to defend, 328; recalled, 340, 342,374,421,458,461,492; shadow of, 361; Royal Commission on (1916-17), 363, 366, 367, 369, 370; crisis at (1922), 450, 'I glory in it', 459; recalled (1943), 749; Russia 'welcome' at (1945), 852; Stalin wants a naval base at (1945), 853

Dardanelles Committee: Churchill a member of, 321,322; disbanded, 328; Churchill recalls, 334

Darlan, Admiral: Churchill meets (1939-40),628; loyal to Vichy (1940), 666; supports Allies (1942), 733; assassinated,737

Darling, (Sir) William: 'men seem to turn ... to you' (1934),533

Dartford (Kent): Lord Randolph speaks at, 12


Dartmouth: Churchill visits (1914), 259 Davidson,j.C.C.: and the General Strike

(of 1926), 474; and Churchill's challenge over India, 499; Churchill not trusted (May 1940),645

Davidson, Henry: his complaints (1888), 20; praise from, 21; and Churchill's first lecture (1900),137

Davies, Marion: Churchill meets, 493 Davis, Bette: stars, 816 Dawnay, Hugh: Churchill dines with

(1914),281; killed (1914), 289 Dawson, Geoffrey (formerly Geoffrey

Robinson): and appeasement, 576 De Aar: Churchill reaches, 107 de Broqueville, Charles: and Antwerp

(1914),283 de Forest, Baron Maurice Arnold:

Churchill the guest of, 180, 181, 185; Churchill honeymoons at castle of, 200; Churchill and his wife on holiday cruise with, 217; and the coming of warin 1914, 270

de Gasperi, Alcide: Churchill's dinner for (1953), 912

de Gaulle, General Charles: and the battle for France (1940), 657, 658; and the Anglo-French Union, 662; and Dakar, 677; and his rival for leadership, 747; angers Churchill, 764; visits Churchill at Marrakech, 766; 'frustrated', 787; Churchill the guest of (November 1944), 804; and Churchill's call for Franco-German reconciliation (1946), 874; decorates Churchill (1958), 954

de Hirsch,Baron Maurice: takes Churchill to a Morgue (1891), 31

De La Warr, 9th Earl: demands an ultimatum (September 1939),620

de Ramsey, Lady: hears her nephew's maiden speech, 139

de Robeck, Admiral Charles: and the Dardanelles, 304, 305, 306, 310, 311, 312,314; his naval attack recalled, 370

de Souza, Louis: Churchill appeals to, 114; Churchill's last letter to, 116; Churchill sends assurance to, 120

de Valera, Eamon: rejects the Irish Treaty, 442; resigns, 444; and the Irish 'genius for conspiracy', 446

Deakin, E W: helps Churchill, 557, 871, 873,885, 887,888,891,894,906; and Yugoslavia (1943), 739, 908; helps Churchill in retirement, 945; his last

visit (1964),958 Death: 'swimming in the water at our side'

(1894),45 death duties: a compromise plan for, 223 Deauville: Churchill on holiday at, 180 Declaration of Union (1940), 662 Declaration on Liberated Europe (1945):

signed, 822; flouted, 830 Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,

(Gibbon): Churchill reads, 55, 66 Dedeagatch: Stalin wants a naval base at

(1945),853 defeat: 'odious', 195; a 'blessing in

disguise' (1908, 1945), 195, 855; the 'certain features' of a policy for, at sea, 242

Defence Committee: 673, 676; and the defence of Singapore, 694; opposes military help to Russia, 709

Defence Deputation: Baldwin receives (1936),559,560,567

Defence of Peace and Freedom: established, 563

demobilisation: Churchill in charge of (1919), 404, 405; Churchill's scheme for, 406, 407

democracy: not possible east of Suez, 69; the 'will' of, and the avoidance of war, 199; 'unsuited' to India, 507; and 'Nazi Power', 599; the 'foundation' of, 802; contrasted with 'mob law', 807; and Victory in Europe, 841; and the 1945 election result, 856; and the atom bomb,884

Denikin, General: and the anti-Bolshevik Russians (1919), 409; British help to, 410,414,415; French withdraw from, 411; approaches Moscow, 415; his military successes, 415; in retreat, 417; flees, 418; Churchill still wishes to support (1920), 419; Churchill urges negotiations on (1920), 420; invited to 'give up the struggle', 421

Denmark: Churchill proposes safeguarding neurality of (1911), 235; and the Entente (1914), 290; and collective security, 524; and 'submission', 533; protests (1940), 633; occupied by Germany (1940), 636; a Soviet threat to (1945), 839; Churchill visits (1950),893

departmentalism: British the 'victims' of (1940),657

depression: Churchill refers to (1911),

INDEX 1009

230; witnessed (1916), 364; and an injury (1931), 504; after defeat (1945), 856; at Marrakech (1947),878; and the Cold War (1953), 916; and a stroke (1953),917

derating: Churchill's plan for (1927 -28), 481,482,483,484,485

Derby, 17th Earl of: protests, 365, 374, 377, 423; his warning (1928), 486; Churchill's charge against (1934), 527; and the Freedom and Peace movement, 584

Dervishes: Churchill's 'aboriginal desire to kill' (1898), 91; attack Kitchener's Army at Omdurman (1898), 92; Churchill reports on, 94; Churchill's first contact with, 94; Churchill in cavalry charge against, 96; Churchill in danger from, 97; Churchill's last encounter with, 98; Kitchener and the fate ofthe wounded, 99

deterrents: and the atom bomb, 859, 903; and disarmament, 935

Detroit: Churchill guarded in (1932), 505

Devon Regiment: at Ladysmith, 124 Devonport: Churchill launches

battleship at (1911), 240; field guns embarked at, against Ulster (1914), 257; Churchill speaks at (1950), 889

Devonshire, Duchess of: Churchill rides with, 228

Dewar, Rear-Admiral: and Churchill's exclusion (1931),503

Dewetsdorp (Orange Free State): Churchill in action at (1900), 126, 127

Dewsnap, Dan: hides Churchill during his escape from the Boers, 119; his wife in Churchill's audience at Oldham, 133

Diamond Hill (Transvaal): Churchill's bravery at (1900), 129

Diego Suarez (Madagascar): secured (1942),721

Dieppe: Churchill in a car accident on the way to Paris from (1919), 409; raid on (1942), 729; lessons of landing at, 736; and deception (1944), 769

difficulties: 'will argue for themselves', 721

Digby, Lady: Churchill confides in, 863

Digby, Pamela: marries Randolph, 627; for later index entries see Churchill, Pamela

Dill, General: accompanies Churchill to France (1940), 653; Chief of the General Staff, 672; and Greece, 690; and Greece (1941), 691; and the imminent defeat of Russia (1941), 701; replaced, 708

disarmament: Churchill's unease at (1928), 486; Churchill's warnings against, 506, 510, 527; Britain pursues, in the air (1932), 512; and appeasement, 515; Baldwin calls for, 522; the 'ultimate aim' (1934), 530; proposed by Hitler (1937), 585; a possible 'advance' towards (1939), 610; and deterrents, 935

Disraeli, Benjamin: dies, 2; recalled, 71, 152, 176, 945; Churchill wants speeches of, 72

Distinguished Service Order (DSO): and Churchill, 78

Distinguished Conduct Medal (DCM): Churchill's rescuer awarded with, 127

Ditchley Park: Churchill's wartime visits to, 680, 687; Churchill breaks off journey to, 683

Dixon, Pierson: and foreign policy (1953),911,912

Dodds, Christopher: and Churchill's disregard for danger (1944),779

Dogger Bank: three cruisers sunk near (1914),281

Domadola (North-West Frontier): Churchill in action at (1897),77

Dominion Governments: and the Chanak crisis ( 1922), 450

Dominion Status (for India): 'a crime', 495; continuing debate on (1929-35), 496,497,498,499,500,501,502,503, 507, 509, 516; Churchill's alternative to,498

Don, Group Captain Frank: brings Churchill information (1938),587

Doncaster: Churchill at races at (1953), 917

Donner, Patrick: and the Commons 'uneasy' , 566

Douglas, Lewis: reports Churchill's drastic proposal (1948),879

Douglas-Jones, Wing Commander Eric: and the Battle of Britain, 676


Dover: Churchill's telegrams from (1893), 37; Churchillspeaksat(1898), 101;and the coming of war (1914), 270; Churchill's troubled journey to (1916), 355; Churchill visits defences at (1940), 674; Churchill visits (1941),688

Dover Strait: First Fleet sails through (1914),268; sealed (1914), 277

Downing Street: Churchill enters No.1 0 for the first time (1898), 90

Dreadnought: controversy over, 201 Dresden: to be bombed (1945), 818;

bombed,824 Drocourt: Churchill visits captured

German positions at (1918), 396 drunkards: Churchill proposes curative

institutions for, 219 Drury: General Rawlinson at (1918), 386 Dublin: Churchill goes to, as a child

(1877), 1; Churchill lectures in (1900), 137; violence in (1920),427; to be held by Britain in certain circumstances (1922),446; battle in 0 une 1922),448

Dublin Fusiliers: at Khartoum (1907), 189

Dubrovnik (Dalmatia): and Tito, 806 Duchy of Lancaster: Churchill's

appointment to (1915),320 Dudley. 2nd Earl of: 'you are of course

right', 161 Duff Cooper, Alfred: and Abyssinia, 546;

not at Defence Deputation (1936), 567; becomes First Lord (1937), 577; his advice rejected, 592; and Munich (1938), 597; resigns, 598; and the coming of war (1939), 620

Duff, Lady Juliet: Churchill dines with (May 1945),838

Dufferin and Ava, 4th Marquess of: killed in action (1945), 835

Duke ofY ork: Churchill crosses Atlantic on (1941),713

Duke of York's Theatre, London: Churchill seesJustice at, 212

Dukedom: Churchill only two removed from (1892), 34;

Dulles, John Foster, 916, 927, 938, 955; at Bermuda (1953), 920; opposes Churchill's summit plans, 927

Dum Dum bullet: 'appalling' effects of (1897),79

Dundalk: blockade off, ended, 267 Dundas, Kenneth: killed in action (1915),

325

Dundee: Churchill lectures at (1900), 137; Churchill elected for(1908), 195; Churchill speaks at, on need for State intervention to fight poverty (1908), 200; Churchill speaks at (1909), 209; Churchill re-elected for (1910), 211; Churchill defends Dardanelles at (1915), 321; a warning to Churchill from (1916),359; Churchill and Lloyd George in (1917), 374; Churchill speaks in (1918), 403; Churchill denounces Bolsheviks and Sinn Fein at (1920),426; Churchill sets out Irish conciliation plan at ( 1921 ), 440; Churchill campaigns at (1922), 456; 'many excuses' of (1922), 456

Dundonald, Lord: invites Churchill to ride with him into Ladysmith, 123

Dunkirk: air activity based on (1914), 280; Churchill visits (1914), 280; endangered (1914), 282; evacuation of (1940),650,652,653,654; fear of a disaster 'greater than' (1944), 756; Germans hold (September 1944),792

Dunottar Castle: Churchill sails on, to South Africa (1899), 107

Dunrobin (Scotland): Churchill seeks solitude at (1921),439

Durban: Churchillhurriesto(1899), 107; Churchill returns to, from captivity, 121

Durdans (near Epsom): Churchill dines at, 144

Dusseldorf: bombed (1914), 287; air raid on (1914), recalled, 352; Churchill visits (1956),948

Dutch: 'may leap out' (1939), 618; 'bludgeoned', 647

Dutch East Indies: Japanese threat to (November 1941), 710; Japanese landing on (December 1941), 711

Dvina, River (North Russia): British naval action on (1919), 412

Dyer, General: Churchill upholds criticism of, 422

Eadon, Captain: Churchill makes good impression on (1898),100

Earl's Court (London): Churchill visits (1887),14

East Anglia: and the atom bomb, 901 East Fulham: by-election at (1933), 523;

recalled,566 East London (South Africa): Churchill

INDEX 1011

travels through (1899),107 East Prussia: a Russian setback in (1915),

298; and Poland, 756 Eastchurch (Isle of Sheppey): Churchill

learns to fly at (1912-3),248,252 Eastern Europe: and Munich (1938),599 Eastern Germany: Churchill seeks Soviet

withdrawal from (1948),879 Ebenezer Farm: a 'pulverised ruin', 332 economy: the 'tattered flag' of (1901),

142; Churchill's search for, in the Middle East(1921),431; a controversy over (1921-22),442

Eden, Anthony: attacks Churchill (1933), 515; disarmament 'the ultimate aim' (1934), 530; his mission to Moscow (1935),541; received by Hitler ( 1935), 542; not to be attacked, 548; becomes Foreign Secretary, 548; thanks Churchill (1937), 576; and the Freedom and Peace movement, 580; resigns (1938), 587; and Munich (1938),597; 'shy', 603; Goering's fear of (March 1939), 610; advocates a Soviet alliance (1939), 614; protests at adjournment (August 1939),617; and the last halting steps to war (September 1939), 620; and the political crisis (April-May 1940), 641; enters Cabinet (May 1940),645; on the Defence Committee, 673; and Dakar, 678; and Greece (1940-41), 682, 687, 690; Churchill confides in, 685; and Churchill's 66th birthday, 685; and the imminent defeat of Russia (1941), 70 I; feels Churchill would be 'in the way' (1942), 724; accompanies Churchill to Athens (Christmas 1944), 809; with Churchill at Malta (1945), 816; at Yalta, 817, and Victory in Europe, 841; at Potsdam, 850; and Churchill's farewell (1945), 856; Churchill's successor (from 1950), 889; and Churchill's second Premiership, 899, 904, 907, 916; and Churchill's possible resignation, 909; his own ill-health (1953-55), 910; and Churchill wish for talks with F'· .ia, 911; seeks Churchill's resignation (1952-55), 919, 923, 926, 928, 931; opposes Churchill's efforts for a summit, 928, 929, 930; Prime Minister (1955-57), 943; and the Suez Crisis (1956),948; resigns (1957),950

Edinburgh: Churchill's meeting at, cancelled (1903), 156; Churchill speaks at (1904), 169; Churchill addresses Conservatives at (1924), 463; Churchill speaks at (1929), 489; possible Big Three conference at (1943), 752; Churchill speaks at (1950),889

Edinburgh Evening News: and a 'nail' in Churchill's coffin (1936),549

education: to be 'universal', 69; to be 'equal', 70; 'scientific and technical', 156; 'less valued', 170; and Ireland, 175; plans for (1943), 742

Education Bill (1944): dispute over, 770 Edward VII (formerly Prince of Wales):

and Lord Randolph's final illness, 48; speaks to Churchill (1895), 52; his influence sought, 80; advice from, 86, 10 1; Churchill sends account of armoured train ambush to, 110; invites Churchill to Balmoral, 150; and Churchill's criticism of the General Staff, 170; and the 'error' of Churchill's ways, 173; protests at Churchill's 'objectionable language', 179; a warning from, 181; 'very well disposed', 185; and Churchill's Cabinet rank, 193; his wedding gift, 200; congratulates Churchill on arbitration, 205; angered at Churchill's remarks, 206; alarmed by Churchill's association of Crown and Commons, 216; dies, 217

Edward, Prince of Wales, 485; abdication of, when Edward VIII (1936),568

Edwards, Brigadier Harold: his recollections (of 1945), 858

Eggishorn (Switzerland): Churchill climbs, 181

egoism: 'I am so devoured by', 358 Egypt: Churchill seeks action in (from

1896), 62, 69, 80, 89; Churchill reaches (1898), 91; Churchill returns to (1899), 103; Churchill visits (1902), 153; and the coming of war (in 1914), 267; troop withdrawals in (1929), 491; convoys to (1940-41), 674; Italian advance into (1940), 677; and British aid to Greece (1940),682; a successful convoy to, 682; and aid to Greece (1941), 691; possible evacuation of (1941), 697; threats to (July 1941), 704; and the United States, 895;


possible control of oil to (1953), 917 Egypt, Khedive of (Abbas Hilmi):

Churchill meets (1899),104 Egyptian Cavalry: Churchill seeks

transfer to (1898), 92 Eichhorn (Moravia): Churchill stays at,

181; Churchill revisits, 185; Churchill honeymoons at, 200

Eindhoven (Holland): Churchill visits (1945),829

Eisenhower, General: dines with Churchill(1942), 730; in Tunisia, 736; and Sicily, 741, 743, 744, 745; and Italy, 747; his bet with Churchill, 748; and the proposed campaign in Italy (1943-44), 758; and Anzio, 763; Churchill inspects troops with, 770; suggests alandingin Britanny (August 1944),786; Churchill's visits to (1945), 814, 829, and the drive to Berlin (1945), 834; telephones Churchill about the concentration camps, 836; and the liberation of Prague, 839; Churchill's protest to (June 1945), 848; his friendly gesture, 860; and Churchill's American visit (1946),864; Churchill advocates 'settlement with Soviet Russia' to (1948), 881; elected President (1952), 908; and Churchill's second Premiership, 909; and Churchill's continuing search for a summit (1953-55), 915; at Bermuda (1953),920; and Churchill's desire for a summit, 923, 927; thought to have suggested a summit (1955), 936, 938; and the Suez Crisis (1956), 950; Churchill the guest of (1959),955

Elbe: importance of an Anglo-American advance east of (April 1945), 834; Allies reach (April 1945), 835

electoral defeat; and democracy, 456 Elgin, Lord: Churchill stays with (1898);

at the Colonial Office, 174,177,182; and Churchill's 'disquiet', 183; Churchill 'happy to go on working under', 184; Churchill hopes to succeed, 193

Elibank, Master of: and the 'new spirit', 167; advice from, 171; and intense political bitterness', 171

Elizabeth I, Queen: and the Spanish Armada, 778

Elizabeth II, Queen: and Churchill's 'vision', 188; 'authority & reflective

ness' of, 487; her sympathy (1941), 697; and horse-racing, 895; and the Victorian Era, 903; and Churchill's second Premiership, 908; Coronation of, 911; and Churchill's resignation, 938; and Churchill's death, 959

Elliot, Walter: demands an ultimatum (September 1939),620

Elliott, Maxine: Churchill stays with, 532 607

Emho (Kenya): Churchill visits (1907), 187

Empire Theatre (Leicester Square): Lord Randolph takes son to, 41; Churchill advised not to visit, 43; Churchill visits, 44; Churchill protests at proposed closure of (1894),46

Enchantress: Churchill lives and works on (1911-14), 240, 244, 246, 247, 248, 249,259; summer cruise on (1913), 249; Asquith 'keen' to join (J uly 1914), 263

England: need for 'faith in ourselves' (1933), 520; 'will go on to the end' (1940),646

English Channel: crossing of, 'worse than a flogging', 101

English-Speaking Union: Churchill speaks to (1921),433

Enigma: and the Norwegian campaign (April-May 1940), 637; further successes of (1940), 649; and the prospect of invasion, 654; and Germany's invasion plans, 670; and invasion, 681, 682; and Greece, 687; and the battle of the Atlantic, 692; and Hitler's plans with regard to the Soviet Union, 695; and German plans against Yugoslavia and Greece (1941), 695; and Crete (1941),698; and the German invasion of Russia (1941), 699; and the German advance into Russia (1941-42),702; and the war at sea, 704, 710, 717; and Churchill's confidence (September 1941),707; 735, 750; and the Western Desert, 709, 710, 730, 731; and a threat to Baku, 733; and Tunisia, 735,741; and Churchill's transatlantic crossing (1943), 744; and German plans in Italy (1943), 756; and the cross-Channel landing, 769, 774; and the battles in South Russia and Italy, 771; and Italy, 780; and the Adriatic plan (June 1944),780

INDEX 1013

Enterprise: Churchill sleeps on board Uuly 1944),785

Enver Pasha: Churchill's talk with (1909), 208; and the Dardanelles (1915), 295

Epping: Churchill stands for (1924),463; Ch urchill re-elected for (1929), 489; Churchill re-elected for (1931),503; Churchill warns about German rearmament (1933), 522; and Munich (1938), 603; Churchill defends himself at (March 1939), 610

Epsom: Churchill visits (1949),886 Eritrea: Italians defeated in (1941), 693 Estcourt (Natal): Churchill at (1899),

108; Churchill prevents withdrawal from, 109; Churchill leaves in armoured train, 110; recalled, 174

Eton College: 3, 39, 64 Etruna: Churchill sails across Atlantic on

(1895),56 Eu (France): Churchill hunts wild boar at,

481 Europe: 'germsofdanger'in (1912), 246;

'misguided', 508; need for a 'reign of law' in, 552; Britain's policy to 'oppose the strongest power' in, 555; and the annexation of Austria (1938),589; the 'whole equilbrium of deranged (1938), 600; 'danger months' in (1939), 617; the German 'walk' through, 699; liberation of 'from the pit of misery', 734; future Soviet power in, 826, 835; need for 'law and justice' in (1945),844; 'bolshevization' of (1945), 860; and the deterrent effect of the atom bomb, 884; 'to live again' (1950), 890; need for a 'united command' in (1952),903

European Army: Churchill calls for (1950), 891; Churchill supports, 90 I

European Assembly: Churchill supports (1948),880

European Court of Human Rights: Churchill supports establishment of (1948),883

European Defence Community: Churchill favours (1951), 900; and German participation, 921; France rejects, 932

European Morals from Augustus to Charlemagne (Lecky): Churchill reads, 55

Evans, Murland: recalls Churchill at Harrow,23

Evening News: Churchill's article in (1920), 423; and the Abbey by-election, 461; Churchill's India statement in (1933), 518; and the call for Churchill's return, 613

Evening Standard: Churchill's articles in (1936-8), 552, 559, 576, 580; opposes Churchill (1938), 588

Everest, Anne: Churchill's nanny, 1-4, 8, 10, 15, 16, 21, 27; leaves Lady Randolph's employ, 30; encouragement from, 31; her advice, 40; dismissed, 41; Churchill visits, 43; dies (1895), 53; recalled, 56

Excess Profits Levy: Churchill proposes (1951),896

Eze (South of France): Churchill on holiday at (1927), 480

Falcon: Churchill inspects, 240 Falkland Islands: battle of (1914),289;

defence of (1952), 904 Fardell, Sir George: Lady Randolph

'hotting up', 81 Farnborough: Churchill's oxygen mask

test at (1942), 725 Farouk, King of Egypt: Churchill meets

(1945),825 Feilding, General Geoffrey: and

demobilisation (1919), 406 Feisal, Emir: and Iraq, 431; and

Palestine, 432 Female Suffrage: Churchill votes for

(1917),379 Fenians: 'wicked people', I Ferdinand, Archduke Franz:

assassinated (1914), 261, 264, 265 Fermanagh (Ireland): border of, 264;

the 'dreary steeples' of, 445 Fifty-Sixth Brigade: Churchill to

command (1915), 336; Churchill's command of, vetoed, 337

filming: Churchill's hopes for, in South Africa (1899),106

Financial Secretary to the Treasury: Churchill declines, 174

Fincastle, Lord: wins Victoria Cross, 83 Finland: and armaments, 507; invaded

by the Soviet Union (1939), 630; 'sublime', 632; Anglo-French help for (1940), 633; makes peace (March 1940),635

Firefly (Churchill's horse): to be sold, 70 Firket: 'battle' at (1897), 82


First Lord of the Admiralty: Churchill's appointment as (1911),239

First World War: many of Churchill's friends killed in, 23, 35; and Britain's earlier 'littler wars', 93; Churchill recalls 'hecatombs' of (1944),773

Fisher, Admiral of the Fleet, Lord: Churchill establishes close relations with (1911), 241; returns as First Sea Lord (1914), 287; and the Dardanelles, 288, 291, 294, 295, 296, 302,303,305,312,313; and Sylt, 289; resigns, 315, 316; Churchill's criticism of, 328; willing 'to bury the hatchet', 339; Churchill's call for the return of (1916),351; urges Churchill to speak in Army debate (1916), 354

Fisher, Herbert: and Churchill's 'great brilliance', 445; and Churchill's defence of democracy (1936),563

Fisher, Sir Warren: and the call for Minister of Defence (1936),550

Fiume: Tito's design on (1944),806 Fleet Air Arm: problems in (1936), 555 Flixecourt: Churchill visits Rawlinson at

(1918),393 flogging: at Churchill's first school, 3 Florence: Germans withdraw from

(1944),786 Florida: Churchill travels through

(1895), 58; Churchill recuperates in (1942),715

Flower, Desmond: and The Second World War, 887

flying: Churchill supports experiments in (1909), 202; the 'Stephenson age'of, 248; Churchill learns, 249, 251, 252; Churchill's delight in (1913), 251; Churchill agrees to give up, 259; and Churchill's near accident (1918), 392; Clementine's continued unease about (1918), 396; Churchill continues (1919),413; Churchill's brief return to (1942), 715; Churchill's second wartime venture in, 747; and the human race, 918

flying bombs: over Britain (1944), 779, 781,782,784

Flying Fortresses: Churchill watches arrival of (1941), 699

Foch, Marshal: at Beauvais (1918), 386; appointed Generalissimo, 389

Foreign Office: a possible post for Churchill (1929), 488; enlists

Churchill's help (1936), 554 forests: and the State, 191 Fortress Europe: Alliedassaulton (1944),

775 fortune: 'capricious', 95; 'in the giving

mood', 100; 'caprice' of, 123; 'tempted so often', 123

Fortune, General: forced back (1940), 657; surrenders, 659

Four-Year Plan (1945), 845, 847 Fourth Hussars: Churchill joins, 51; and

the possibility of war with the United States, 61; Churchill sails to India with (1896),63

Fox, Robert: and Churchill's battalion days (1916), 343

France: Churchill does not want to study in (1891), 30; and Agadir (1911), 233; not to be 'trampled down', 236; naval responsibilities to be shared with (1912),246; alliance system of (1912), 247; and the coming of war( 1914), 261, 265, 266, 269; Churchill's visits to (1914-15), 280, 281, 282; and the Dardanelles, 296; criticism of Churchill's visits to (1915), 314; Churchill offered a military command in (1915), 318; Churchill's missions to (1917-18),373,378,380,382,384,385, 390, 393; Churchill proposes extra troops for (1918), 375; Churchill's interwar visits to, 407, 409, 420, 425, 431,436,443,457,458,460,468,480, 483,501,532,545,562,574,586,592, 607; and the Chanak crisis (1922),451; and the Versailles Treaty, 464; Britain's war debts from (1925), 468; Churchill opposes Treaty with (1925), 471; under no 'moral obligation' to disarm (1928), 486; and disarmament, 511; pact with Soviet Union (1935), 543; the German threat to (1936-39), 553; and British security (1937), 585; Churchill advocates alliance with (1938),591; and Munich (1938), 597; Churchill's wartime visits to (1939-40), 628,631,647,649,653; invaded (May 1940),641; British help to (1940),647; fallof( 1940), 658; seeks armistice (June 1940), 661; evacuations from, 664; fate of the Fleet of (July 1940), 666; Churchill broadcasts to (October 1940), 681; Stalin wants a British landing in (1941), 703; civilian

INDEX 1015

casualties in, from Allied bombing (1944), 772; Churchill appeals to, for a reconciliation with Germany (1946), 872; the fall of (in 1940) recalled, 881; a 'sublime act' by (1950), 892; and ChurchiII's second Premiership, 900; and the struggle in Indo-China (1952), 901; and the Suez Canal, 902; ChurchiII's postwar visits to, 917; Churchill's appeal to, at Bermuda (1953),921

franchise: ChurchiII advocates extension of(1897),69

Franco, General: Chamberlain's hopes for (1939), 609

Franco-German Armistice (1940): not to be breached, 666

Franco-Russian Pact (1935): and Czechoslovakia, 595

Franconia: ChurchiII on (1945), 824 Frankfurt: Churchill drives to (1909),

207; bombed (1941), 703 }'rankland, Lieutenant: his captivity ends

(1900),129 Franklin, Hugh: Churchill struck by, 221 Franks, Sir Oliver: and Churchill's

different appearances (1954),933 Fraser, Forbes: brings Churchill

information (March 1939),611 Free Food League: Churchill active in

formation of (1903), 155; Churchill to be 'special candidate' for, 162

Free French: and Dakar (1940),678 Free French Division: and the

cross-Channel landing, 773 Free Italy: and Cyrenaica (1941),690 Free Trade: Churchill's warning of a

revival of 'party bitterness' over (1902), 147; ChurchiII a leading campaigner for, 152, 157; Churchill a 'sober admirer' of, 152; 'essentially Liberal', 158; and public information, 170; Churchill's banner(in 1923),459; Conservative Party abandons (1930), 496

Free Trade Party: Churchill forecasts, 66 Freedom and Peace Movement:

meetings of, 580, 584 French Army: Churchill attends

manoeuvres of (1907), 185; importance of, to Britain (from 1925), 487; its last years of preponderance (1937-39),580,585

French Committee of National

Liberation: established (1943), 747 French Fleet: possible surrender of

(1940), 661 ; surrenders, 666 French Indo-China: occupied by Japan

(1941),705; struggle in (1952), 901; Churchill opposes British involvement in (1954), 925

French language: importance of knowledge of, 81; and wartime, 954

French North Africa: plans for Allied landings in (1942), 713, 715, 725, 728, 730; Allied landings in, 733; 'a springboard', 734; effect of landings in, for Russia, 735

French sailors: 'detestable', 90 French troops: at Gallipoli (1915),312;

occupy Narvik (1940), 650; and the Dunkirk evacuation, 652

French, General Sir John: Churchill the guest of (1910), 218; Churchill's mission to (1914), 281; Churchill's friendship with, 326; to be replaced (1915),337,338; recalled, 366

Frere: Churchill reaches in armoured train, 110; soldiers at, praise Churchill's bravery, 113

Freund, Richard, 594 Frevent: Churchill flies to Haig's

headquarters at, 394 Frewen, Clara (Aunt Clara), 7 Frewen, Hugh: and 'the Den', 27;

Churchill writes to, on need to be 'cheerfully determined', 122

Frewen, Moreton, 10; ChurchiIIconfides in,87

Friedrichshafen: air raid on (1914), recalled,352

Fry, Roger: recalls floggings, 3 Fulton speech (1946),865

Gairloch (Scotland): Churchill at Ministerial meeting at (1921), 440

Gale, General: and Anzio, 765 Gallipoli: John Milbanke killed at, 23;

Lieutenant Frankland kiIIed at, 129; and the Dardanelles, 290, 291, 294, 295, 297; Churchill's proposal for (March 1915),303; landings at, 309, 310; further landings at, 325; to be evacuated, 332; evacuation of, 336; recalled, 367, 413, 419; and the Somme, 370; to be held (1922), 450; landings on, recalled (1943),749

Galsworthy,John: and ChurchiII's prison


reforms (1910), 212, 215 gambling: at Deauville (1906),180; 'I lost

a little', 222; 'after dark', 574; at Cannes (1939),608

Gamelin, General: and Munich (1938), 608; Churchill meets (1940),631

Gandhi, Mahatma: supports full independence for India (1930), 496; his meeting with the Viceroy (1931), 499; visits London (1931), 502; his emissary to Churchill (1935), 540

Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931): dispute over, 500

Gardone (Lake Como): Churchill works at (1949),885

Garibaldi: Churchill contemplates writing a biography of (1898), 87

Garnett, Theresa: assaults Churchill with dog whip (1909), 210

Garron Towers Estate (Northern Ireland): Churchill inherits (1921), 439,451

Garvin, J.L.: and Churchill's departure from the Admiralty (1915), 320; seeks a Fisher-Churchill reconciliation, 339, 351, 354; 'keep in touch with, 355; a warning from, 359; his encouragement (1935), 545; favours Churchill's return Ouly 1939),616

gas: and GaIlipoli, 327; and the Bolsheviks, 411; and Normandy, 782; and Germany, 784

Gastein (Austria): Churchill visits (1883), 5

Gauche Wood: Churchillinspects(1918), 384; overrun, 384

Gaza: Churchill greeted at (1921),434 Geddes, Eric: protests (1917), 377;

Churchill in dispute with, 442 Geldrop (Holland): Churchill visits

(1945),829 Gemmell, Chips: Churchill's secretary,

871 General Election: of 1886, 9; of 1895, 54;

of 1900, 135; of 1906, 174; of February 1910, 211; of December 1910,222;ofI918,403;ofI922,455; of 1923,459; of 1924,464; of 1929, 489; of 1931, 502; of 1935, 547; of 1945,846;ofI950,888;ofI951,896; of 1955,943; of 1959,956

General Strike: General Strike (of 1926), 474,475,476,477; prospectof(1929), 488

genius: and 'plod', 125 Genoa: Churchill works at (1927), 480;

Churchill stays near (September 1945),859

Gensoul, Admiral: his options (1940), 666

George II, King of Greece: Churchill talks with (1944), 814

George V: becomes King, 217; angered, 226; offers Clementine a seat in the Abbey, 227; coronation of, 228; congratulates Churchill on preventing loss of life (1911), 232; and Churchill's 'rats in a hole' speech, 281; opposes appointment of Fisher (1914), 287; Churchill the guest of (1928),487

George VI, King: and the magnetic mine, 629; and the political crisis (May 1940), 642; and Alamein, 732; and Victory in Europe, 840; asks Churchill to form Caretaker Government (1945), 846; Churchill tenders resignation to (1945),855; dies, 903

Georges, General: and Munich (1938), 608; Churchill's talk with (August 1939),618

German language: Churchill starts learning, 24

German Air Force: and Enigma, 649 German Air Mission: visits Britain

(1937),581 German Army: 'magnificent &

formidable' (1906), 181; 'theatrical display' of (1906), 185; a 'terrible engine' (1909), 208; Churchill's thoughts on future of (1918), 401; 'they are strong' (August 1939), 619; and Enigma, 649

German nation: to take 'its true place' (1954),932

German Navy: possible increase in (1909),206; intentions of (1909),209; dispositionsof(1911), 236; Churchill's concerns about (December 1911),241; expansion of imminent (1912),242

German Navy Law (1912): Churchill studies, 243; passed (1912), 245

German prisoners-of-war: Churchill enters cages with (1918), 393; at Chartwell (1945), 861

German South-West Africa: revolt in (1906),181

German weapons: 'terrible power' of

INDEX 1017

(1906),181 Germans: 'their turn will come' (1912),

244; 'my hate died with their surrender', 850; and monarchy, 851; sufferings of understood, 880

Germany: and the 'commercial supremacy of the world' (1898), 89; Churchill impressed by social reform schemes in (1907), 190; war not inevitable with (1908), 198; Churchill's impressionsof( 1909), 207; Churchill wants joint action by (1910), 218; and Agadir (1911), 233; military advance into France, forecast (1911), 235; possible emergence of democratic forces in (1911), 242; Russiaa 'corrective'to( 1912), 242; and the coming of war in 1914,267,270, 272,273; and Turkey, 291; and the Dardanelles, 302; need for a 'preponderance of strength' against (1916), 362; renewed offensive by (June 1918),391; 'whining in defeat' of, 397; asks for armistice (1918),398; Churchill urges a moderate peace for (1918),403; Churchill's policy towards (1919), 412; and a 'moral bulwark' against Bolshevism (1920), 420; Britain to be the 'friend' of (1921), 439; 'cannot be kept in permanent subjugation' (1924), 464; Churchill seeks to avoid isolation of (1925),471; naval rearmament of (1929), 487; Britain's undertaking to (from 1925), 487; Hitler's path to power in, 506, 507; Churchill visits (1932), 508; bands of 'Teutonic youth' in (1932), 510; triumph of Hitler in (1933), 513; persecution in (1933), 514; 'grim dictatorship' in, 520; rearmament of, 521, 523, 529, 535; 'arming fast' (1934), 526; Churchill warning of growing air strength of (1934), 531; Churchill's broadcast on (1934), 533; 'fertile in military surprises' (1934), 537; 'rearming at breakneck speed' (1935),545; 'outstripping us more and more' (1936), 552; and The Times, 576; Churchill's advice to (1937), 581; her guarantees to Belgium (1937), 586; 'good will or pleasure' of (1938),599; her capacities and intention 'underestimated', 605; fear of (in Poland, Roumania and Greece), 614;

Churchill opposes concession to (J une 1939), 615; tramp of armies of (August 1939), 618; ultimatum to (September 1939), 621; iron ore supplies of (1939-40),626,630,631, 632; invades Norway (April 1940), 635; occupies Denmark (1940), 636; Churchill addresses (J une 1940),656; and Yugoslavia (1941), 695; invades the Soviet Union (June 1941), 701; declares war on United States (December 1941), 712; to be defeated before Japan, 713; occupies Vichy France (1942), 734; priority of defeat of, reasserted (January 1943), 738; 'main hopes' of (May 1943),746; the 'prime foe', 750; Churchill and Stalin discuss future of (1943), 760, 761; possible mustard gas attack on (1944), 784; continued military resistance of (September 1944),792; plans for the future of (1944-45), 793, 800; Churchill crosses into (1945),829; not to be dismembered, 832; Soviet Zone of, 838; surrender of (May 1945),839; scientific establishments in (July 1945), 850; 'might have been saved' (before 1939), 867; and possible reconciliation with France (1946), 872; and the Council of Europe (1949),885; Churchill's visits to (1956),947

Gerrard, Eugene: teaches Churchill to fly (1913),251;in 1914,280

Gestapo: executions by (1939),615; grip of Oune 1940), 656; Churchill's question concerning (March 1941), 694; Churchill rejects a cynical offer from (1944), 783

Gestapo speech (1945): 846,848 Ghengis Khan: recalled (in 1945), 827 Ghent: Churchill visits Montgomery's

headquarters near (1945),814 Gibbon, Edward: Churchill plans to read

(1895), 55; Churchill reads, 66; Churchill 'lured' from, 67; trains the 'muscles', 70

Gibraltar: Churchill visits (1901), 141; and the Dardanelles, 295; successful convoy from (1940), 674; an incident at the time of Churchill's return from, 747; a lightning strike on the way to (1943), 747; Churchill reaches (November 1943), 758; Churchill returns to England through (January


1944), 766; Churchill sails to (1958), 954

Gibson, Guy: at Chequers, 749 Gillespie, Dr James: and Churchill's

escape from Pretoria (1899), 119 Gilliatt, Elizabeth: Churchill's secretary,

863, 871, 872, 908, 916; and Churchill's stroke (1949),886

Ginderich (Germany): Churchill watches start of offensive from (March 1945), 831

Giraud, General: 737; and de Gaulle, 747 Gladstone, Herbert: and a possible

'understanding', 161 Gladstone, William Ewart: 'a brute', 8;

forms Government, 9; and Irish Home Rule, II; become Prime Minister again (1892), 32; 'a great white eagle', 36; his 'sustaining power' lost, 54; Churchill wants speeches of, 72; and Tory Democracy, 151; Churchilljoins Liberal heirs of (1904), 165; and Ireland, 442; recalled, 489, 900,909,933

Glasgow: Churchill unveils social reform scheme in (1906), 183; speaks at (1918), 398; speaks at (1929), 489; speaks at (1941), 688; speaks at( 1953), 910

Glasgow Herald: and individualism, 460 Glencorse Wood (Ypres Salient):

Churchill visits (1918), 382 Goch (Germany): Churchill at (1945),

829 Goebbels, Dr Josef: doctrine of, 562 Goeben: and the coming of war in 1914,

269, 274; escape of, 278; bombards Russian ports, 288; and the Dardanelles, 295

Goering, Marshal Hermann: his fears (March 1939),610

Gold Standard: return to (1925), 469 Golden Age: in the aftermath of Munich

(March 1939),611,612 Goliath: torpedoed ( 1915), 314 Goodacre, Melville: and Churchill's

arrival at the prison, to hoist the Union Jack (1900), 129

Goodenough, Admiral Sir William: disappointed,552

Goodwood: Churchill at races at (1897), 72

Gorst, Sir John: speaks up on Churchill's behalf(l904),163

Gort, Field Marshal Lord: Churchill visits (1940), 631; and the Dunkirk evacuation (1940),653

Goschen, Sir Harry: and Munich (1938), 603

Gott, General: his short-lived Command (1942),726

Gough, General: and the 'Curragh mutiny' (1914), 257

Government of the Middle: Churchill's hope for (1902), 152

Graebner, Walter: and The Second World War, 917

Graf Spee: its depredations, and destruction (1939), 630; fate of prisoners of, 633

Grand Alliance: endangered (1939),614 Grand Canyon (Arizona): Churchill visits

(1929),494 Grand Coalition: end of (1945), 845 Grandi, Count Dino: Churchill warns

(1935),546 Grattidge, Captain: his recollection, 824 Gravelotte (Lorraine): Churchill visits

1870 battlefield of(1909), 207 Great Contemporaries (Winston S.

Churchill): published (1937), 580 Great Wall of China: and Hitler, 668 Greaves, Lieutenant: killed in action

(1897),83 Greece: Cypriot Greeks demand union

with (1906), 186; and the Dardanelles, 290, 291, 294; Lloyd George's support for (1921-22), 434; parliamentary democracy restored in (1927), 480; Churchill's articles no longer to appear in, 614; invaded (1940), 681; German designs on (1941), 687; German plans to conquer, 690; German invasion of, imminent, 695; British troops withdraw from, 697; partisans in (1943), 749; German withdrawal from (1944), 788; British military expedition to (1944-45), 789; future of (1944-45),795; Britain's 'particular interest' in, 796; 'which we still hope to save' (November 1944),804; increase in Commiunist activity in, 806; the struggle for (December 1944),808; to be reassured, 865; 'free to decide' (1946), 866; no longer to be protected (1947),876; and a 'world front against Communist aggression' (1954),926

INDEX 1019

Greek Communists: want to meet Churchill (Christmas 1944),812

Greeks: on Crete, 62; rebellion by, on Crete (1897), 68; Churchill's sympathies with (1897), 71

Greenwood, Arthur: and the outbreak of war (September 1939), 623; and Norway (1940),634; and the political crisis (April-May 1940), 640; enters Cabinet (May 1940), 643; supports Churchill's rejection of a negotiated peace (1940), 651; and Greece, 690

Grenadier Guards: Churchill trains with (1915),332,333,335

Grenfell, Robert: killed in action (1898), 98

Grenoble: Churchill drives to (1934),532 Grey, Sir Edward: Churchill's friendship

with, 144; absent during crucial debate (1903), 155; and the suffragettes, 172; and Churchill's work as an arbitrator, 205; opposes Churchill's visit to Kiel (1914), 259; and the coming of war (1914), 261, 264,266,267,270; and Antwerp, 282; and Churchill's 'genius for war', 285; and the genesis of the Dardanelles, 291, 297, 298; and the Adriatic, 295; and independence for the Arabs, 305; and the political crisis of May 1915, 319; his praise (1925), 468

Grey, Spenser: teaches Churchill to fly (1913),248; severely injured, 248; in 1914, 280; leads bombing raid on Cologne (1914), 287; and Churchill's exclusion (1935), 544

Griffith, Arthur: Churchill negotiates with (1921), 441, 447

Guards Chapel (London): flying bomb hits (1944), 779

Guards Division: Churchill's training with (1915), 331, 336

Guest, Alice: her depression cured, 230 Guest, Frederick: Churchill's cousin,

197; accompanies Churchill, 207; his encouraging message (1936),568; and the immediate aftermath of the Abdication crisis, 569

Guest, Ivor: his advice (1898), 91; Churchill confides in, 102; and the election of 1906, 176

Guildhall (London): Churchill speaks at (1914), 279; speaks at (1940), 634; speaks at (1955), 945

Gulf of Finland: Royal Navy in (1919), 417

Guru (Tibet): defeat of Tibetans at (1904),163

Guthrie, Murray: and a film scheme, 106 Gwynne, H.A.: protests (1926),476

Habbaniya (Iraq): besieged (1941),696 Habsburgs: not to be hunted down

(1945),837 Hacket, Polly: Churchill smitten by, 42;

Churchill lunches with, 44; marries, 52

Haggard, Rider: Churchill corresponds with (1888),16

Haifa: and Gallipoli (1915), 309; Arab riots in (1921), 434

Haig, General: and Churchill's command of a battalion (1915), 338; wishes Churchill luck (1916), 360; and the battle of Arras, 371; Churchill's discussions with (1917-18), 373; appeals to Churchill, 379; Churchill sends munitions to (1918), 390; and Churchill's 'energy and foresight' (1918), 393; wishes to shoot Calais mutineers (1919),407

Haile Selassie: Churchill meets (1945), 825

Haileybury School: mock battle with (1888),19

Hailsham, Lord: and Defence deficiencies, 513; and India, 517

Haldane, Captain Aylmer (later General): Churchill's friendship with (1898), 86; asks Churchill to accompany armoured train (1899), 109; ambushed, 110; obliged to surrender, 112; Churchilljoins escape plan of, 115; escapes from Pretoria, 126; in Iraq (1920),424,431

Haldane, R.B. (later Lord): Churchill meets, 144; and the Agadir crisis (1911),234; and Churchill's 'inspring spirit', 279; seeks to dissuade Churchill from resignation (1914), 286

Halifax (Yorkshire): Churchill speaks at (1903), 160

Halifax (Nova Scotia): Churchill travels through (1943), 750, 754

Halifax, Lord (formerly Lord Irwin): at Defence Deputation (1936),567; visits Hitler (1937), 584; and the need to


improve relations with Germany, 586; becomes Foreign Secretary (1938), 588; rejects call for Grand Alliance, 591; doubts Germany's 'lust for conquest', 592; and Czechoslovakia, 594; and a possible 'understanding' with Germany (1939), 615; Hitler's attitude to 0 uly 1939), 616; favours Churchill's return 0 une 1939), 616; neutrals protest to (1940), 633; and Churchill's qualities, 634; and the political crisis (April-May 1940),636; keen on the Trondheim landings (1940), 636; and a proposal to negotiate (1940), 650; accompanies Churchill to Tours (1940),659

Hamblin, Grace: at Chartwell, 557, 579, 873

Hamburg: bombed (1940), 685; (1941), 703; (1943), 750

Hamilton, General Sir Ian: Churchill's friendship with, 94; Churchill describes cavalry charge to, 95; Churchill dines with, after relief of Ladysmith, 124; Churchill joins advance of, 126; entrusts Churchill with a despatch, 128; and Churchill's 'conspicuous gallantry', 129; and Churchill's change of Party, 171; and the Dardanelles, 303, 304; and Gallipoli, 312, 325; and the Royal Commission on the Dardanelles, 363; and Churchill's recollections of Suvla Bay, 754

Hamilton, Sir Edward: helps Churchill, 148

Hanfstaengel, Ernst: seeks to introduce Hitler to Churchill (1932),508

Hankey, Maurice: and Turkey, 291; and the Dardanelles, 292, 294, 300; and the genesis of the tank, 293; and Fisher's resignation, 319; suggests a Churchill mission to Russia (1915), 328; and Gallipoli, 332; misses Churchill's 'courage & power to take a decision', 336; visits Churchill (1917), 375; and Churchill's 'gr-eat moderation' (1919), 409; and British air weakness (1934), 530; seeks Churchill's sources of information (1936), 549; and the call for Minister of Defence, 550; and Churchill's plans (1936),554; and Defence deficiencies, 556; Churchill's appeal to (1937),58 I;

his rebuke, 583; and Eden's resignation (1938), 588; 'to keep an eye on Winston' (1939),620

Hanley: Churchill's speech at (1901), 145 Hanover: bombed (1941), 703 Harcourt, Lewis (later Lord): his praise,

170 Hardie, Keir: his protest, 221 Harington, General Tim: begins

negotiations (1922), 452, 453; and the Cabinet's ultimatum, 452

Harlebeke (Belgium): Churchill visits (1918),399

Harmsworth Magazine: Churchill's short story in (1898), 87

Harri!11an, Averell: his mission (1941), 692; accompanies Churchill, 696,744; in Egypt, 702; and aid to Russia, 708; and Pearl Harbor, 711; and Churchill's proposed letter to Stalin (October 1944), 797; Churchill confides in (1945),858

H aTTovian: Churchill's poem published in (1889), 25; Churchill's letters published in, 29; praises Churchill's 'dashing attack', 32

Harrow (Middlesex): Churchill's lecture at (1900),137

Harrow School: Churchill to go to, 15, 16; Churchill at, 19; 'stirring patriotism' of songs at, 20; Churchill's ill-health at, 27; fever at, 36; Churchill's visit to (1940), 685; Churchill visits (1944), 806; Churchill speaks at (1955), 945; recalled, 3, 79, 557

Harvey, Oliver: and rearmament (after Munich), 607; his diary notes (1942-45), 717, 719, 749; and Churchill's 'painful' meeting with the London Poles, 799

Harwich: result of Churchill's visit to (1912),247

Hastings: Churchill lectures at (1901), 141

Havana (Cuba): Churchill seeks cigars from (1895), 56; Churchill reaches, 58; cigars of, 60

Havrincourt: Churchill at (1918),384 Hawaii: American Fleet at (November

1941),710 Hayter, William: and Churchill's

continuing search for a summit (1953-55),920

INDEX 1021

Hazebrouck: Churchill entertains his officers at (1916), 344

Hearn, Major: 'placid, sensible', 340 Hearst, William Randolph: Churchill

visits (1929), 493 helicopter: Churchill's flight in (1958),

954 Heligoland Bight: victory in (1914), 279 Hellfire Corner (Ypres Salient): Churchill

shelled at Uanuary 1918),382; Churchill revisits(October 1918),400

Helsinki: Churchill's articles published in (1937),576

Henderson, Arthur: Churchill's retort to, about India (1947), 877

Henderson, Sir Nevile: in Berlin, 610 Hendon: air show at (1913), 249; special

air squadron at (1914), 279; Churchill flies to France from (1940), 659

Henlein, Konrad: Churchill meets (1938), 592; and the Sudeten crisis, 593

Her Majesty's Theatre, London: Churchill plans to write a play for (1900),124

Hereros: their fighting qualities, 181 Herne Bay (Kent): Churchill recuperates

at (1883), 4 Herodotus: Churchill reads in original

Greek (1887), 16 Herring, Group Captain Justin: and

German rearmament, 521 Herriot, Edouard: and the fall of France

(1940),660; recalls 1940,841,859 Hesdin (northern France): Churchill flies

to (1918), 391, 393 Hesse (Germany): Hitler's electoral

success in (1932), 507 Hetherington, Major T. G.: and the tank,

298 Heybeli Island (Sea of Marmara): possible

negotiations with Bolsheviks at, 407 Higham, John: recalls Churchill's tears,

628 Highbury (Birmingham): Churchill stays

at, 169 Hill, Colonel H.W.: brings Churchill

information, 578 Hill, Kathleen: Churchill's secretary,

579, 712; her recollections of September 1939, 620, 624; accompanies Churchill (1940), 631; and Churchill's obituary of Chamberlain, 683

Himmler, Heinrich: offers negotiations (1945),836

Hindenburg Line: battle for (1918), 398 Hindenburg, Field Marshal: President,

506; invites Hitler to be Chancellor, 513; dies, 529

Hiroshima: atom bomb dropped on, 857 history: a prize for, 21; importance of

knowledge of, 81 ; and the Dardanelles, 371; and the Abdication crisis (1936), 570

Hitler, Adolf: his rise to power in Germany, 506; declines to meet Churchill (1932), 508; Churchill's warning about (1932), 510; becomes Chancellor, 513; and German rearmament, 515; extends internal powers, 520; murders opponents (1934), 529; Attlee's assessment (1934), 530; introduces conscription (1935), 541; and German air parity (1935), 542; Churchill's article on (1935), 546; and Churchill's possible return to the Admiralty (1939), 547; remilitarises Rhineland (1936), 551; his offer of negotiations to be 'utilised' (1936),553; Baldwin assesses plans of (1936), 561; Churchill appeals to (1937), 580; Churchill's article on, 581; Lord Halifax visits (1937), 584; and Africa, 587; and Austria (1938), 588; and Czechoslovakia (1938), 594, 595; Chamberlain's talks with (1938), 595; attacks Churchill (1938),600; the need to anticipate his actions (March 1939), 611; Churchill opposes discussions with Uune 1939), 615; and Danzig, 616; and the call for Churchill's return U uly 1939), 616; 'we shall have him', 619; invades Poland, 619; peace terms of (October 1939),627; has 'missed the bus' (A pril 1940),635; invades Belgium, Holland and France (May 1940), 641; no negotiations with (May 1940),651; the 'curse' of, 663; and the Battle of Britain, 664; and British bombing policy (1940), 668; Churchill seeks to undo 'first great achievement' of, 674; and the bombing of London, 675; his fate, 679; his pact with Yugoslavia (1941),693; his defeat 'certain' (1941), 697; 'he will find ... no parley', 699; his aim in invading Russia, 701; and


British bombing policy (July 1941), 703; visits his troops in Russia, 706; his plan tobombBaku, 733; tobeattacked through Italy (1943), 733; and Stalingrad, 735; and the battle for Tunisia (1943), 742; and German plans in Italy (1943), 756; to be relieved his 'anxieties' in Italy, 781; a ploltokiIl (July 1944),784; and Attlee, 816; his gift, becomes Churchill's residence (at Yalta), 817; and monarchy, 837; dead, 838; recalled, 860; and The Unnecessary War', 861, 867; Stalin compares Churchill to (1946),869

Hoare, Reginald: Churchill's friendship with,103

Hoare, Sir Samuel: and British intervention in Russia (1919), 412; at Chartwell (1926), 473; and the General Strike (of 1926), 475; and Churchill's opposition over India (from 1929),495,509,516,517,518; and the formation of the National Government (1931), 502; Churchill's charge against (1934), 527; and Churchill's criticisms of air policy, 535; and Defence deficiencies, 538; Churchill's India challenge to (1935), 539; becomes Foreign Secretary, 544; mocks Churchill, 544; and the Hoare-Laval 'pact', 548; resigns, 548; and the Rhineland (1936), 552; opposes emergency powers (1936), 558; not at Defence Deputation (1936), 567; at the Home Office (1937),577; and Czechoslovakia, 594; and the aftermath of Munich (1938-39), 610; and British air weakness (1939), 626; critical (1940), 634; and the German attack in the West (1940), 641; his understanding (1940),665

Hobart. Brigadier: visits Churchill (1936),564

Hodge, Alan: helps Churchill (1953-56), 916; helps Churchill in retirement, 944,945,946,949,950

Hodge, Jane: and 'the world's kindest great man', 949

Hoe Farm (near Godalming): Churchill's weekend retreat at (1915),322,324

Hohenzollerns: and Hitler, 837, 851 Holland: Churchill proposes

safeguarding neutrality of (1911), 235; neutral (1914), 277; and a proposed British Baltic initiative (1915),294; and Britain's 'proper line of strategy, 301; Churchill suggests 'action in' (1915), 295; Churchill recalls plans for (1915),336; Churchill visits (1932), 508; and collective security, 524; and 'submission', 533; Churchill's fear for (1936), 553; protests (1940), 633 invaded (May 1940), 641; Churchill's plan for a landing in (1940), 670; German air attack on (1945), 816

Holland, Sydney: at Sidney Street, 223 Hollywood: Churchill meets Chaplin in

(1929),494 Holman, General: in South Russia

(1919),415; leaves Russia (1920), 420 Holmes, Marian: Churchill's wartime

secretary, 743, 755, 770, 775, 782, 794; in Moscow (1944), 796, 798; accompanies Churchill to Athens (Christmas 1944),809,810; at Malta (1945),817; contrasts Churchill and Attlee, 856

Home Guard: Churchill proposes (1939), 628; and anti-invasion plans, 668; revived (1952),904

Home Rule: Gladstone supports, 9; and Lord Randolph Churchill, II; Churchill will 'never consent' to (1897), 69; 'odious' (1899), 104; an obstacle to Churchill joining the Liberal Party (1904), 164; Churchill will not commit himselfto (1908), 194; Churchill urges Ulster to accept (1913),249

Hong Kong: Japanese attack on (1941), 713; surrenders, 714

Honor: Churchill's holiday cruise on, 217 Hood: in pursuit (1941), 698; sunk, 698 'Hooligans', the: Churchill a member of,

144; vote against the Government, 148 Hopkins, Harry: Churchill confides in,

661,706; Churchill confides in (1941), 667; Churchill his mission to Britain (1941),687,688; a welcome message from, 692; his second mission (1942), 725; Churchill confides his frustrations to (1943), 741; and the atom bomb, 746; Churchill appeals to (August 1944), 786; and Yalta, 814

Hopkins, Richard, 261; recalled (in

INDEX 1023

1957),951 Hopwood, Sir Francis: and Churchill's

'restless energy', 186 Horabin, T.L.: his by-election victory

Ouly 1939),616 Hore-Belisha, Leslie: at the War Office,

577; his proposed Army increases rejected (1939),609; and conscription, 614; demands an ultimatum (September 1939),620

Horne, Sir Robert: acquires the prize (1921), 436; and the Chanak crisis (1922),451; a supporter (1924), 463; and a possible Defence Ministry (1936),551

horse-racing: Churchill's new pleasure (1951),895

Horsham and Worthing Conservative Association: and India, 518

Hosey Rigge (Westerham): Churchill lives at, 458

Hotel de Paris (Monte Carlo): Churchill stays at, 860, 882, 956, 957

Hotel Metropole (London): Churchill's Ministerial headquarters (1917-18), 375,385,391,401

House of Commons: Liberals defeated in (1885),8; Churchill becomes frequent visitor to (1893), 36; Churchill's reflections on (1897), 68; Churchill treated with 'great civility' in (1900), 134; Churchill takes seat in (1901), 139; 'you filled ... and held it' (1901), 140; the 'Hooligans' dine in, 144; 'purred like an amiable cat' (1903), 153; Churchill insulted in (1904), 162; Churchill unable to finish speech in (1904), 163; Churchill 'leads by a natural right' in (1905),172; and 'an immoral contract', 177; and a 'message of tolerance' (1906), 179; Churchill introduces prison reforms to (1910), 213; 'persistent free-masonry of, 227; need to state case 'plainly and boldly' to, 247; Churchill's frankness to (1914), 277; Churchill criticised in (1915),314; Churchill out of (1922), 456; 'uneasy' (1936), Churchill returns to (1924), 464; 566; duty of (in 1936), 566; and the Abdication crisis, 569; 'honest differences' in, 577; and the Czech crisis (1938), 595; and the Munich Agreement (1938), 598; and Churchill's )udgment', 604; and

'independent judgment' (1939), 610; protests at adjournment of (August 1939), 617; and the last halting steps to war (September 1939),620; in 1914 (recalled), 620; impact of a single speech on (September 1939),627; and the political crisis (April-May 1940), 636; no 'inquest' by (1940), 663; bombed (December 1940), 685; bombed again (May 1941),698; Yalta debate in (1945), 827; Churchill 'a child of, 893; Churchill's last visits to (from 1955),944,946,948,952,953, 954

House of Lords: and Home Rule, 36; Churchill in forefront of struggle against, 209; rejects the budget (1909), 210; 'played out', 211; and the constitutional crisis (1910), 216; its powers to be curbed, 217; Churchill urges end to veto of, 222; accepts end to its veto powers, 230

House, Colonel E. M.: and United States intervention in Russia (1918-19), 409

housing: Churchill's plans for (1924), 467; (1945), 847, 849

Howard, Hubert: Churchill's friendship with, 87; killed 'with a friendly shell' (1898),98; Churchill reflects on death of,100

Howard, John: hides Churchill during his escape from the Boers (1899),119

Howard, Leslie: killed (1943),747 Howe, Lady: hears her nephew's maiden

speech, 139 Howells, Roy: and Churchill's old age,

952 Hoxton: Churchill answers Joseph

Chamberlain at (1903), 154 Hozier, Clementine: Churchill

introduced to (1904), 168; Churchill meets again (1908), 191; Churchill's third meeting with, 194; Churchill's letters to, 195, 198; invited to Blenheim, 197; hesitates, 199; marries, 200 (for subsequent index entries see Churchill, Clementine S.)

Hozier, Lady Blanche, 200, 463; dies, 470 Hozier, Nellie: birth of her son, 367 Hozier, William: and his sister's

engagement, 199; Churchill confides in (1916), 366

Hughes, Lieutenant: killed in action (1897),76


Hull: dock strike at (1911), 229 Hull, Cordell: Churchill rebukes, 751 Hulme, John: decribes Churchill on the

hustings (1900),135 Hungary: begins to look to Germany

(1935),544; 'might fall into our hands' (1943), 761; to be part of a post-war confederation, 761; Jews deported to their deaths from (1944), 783; future of (1944), 796, to be part of a Central European Customs union, 800; fear of Communism spreading from Greece to (1944),808; signs armistice, 815

Hunt, David: and Churchill's second Premiership, 899

Hurlingham Club: 60; Churchill blackballed for, 171

Hussein, King, of the Hejaz, 431 Hyde Park (New York): Churchill's visit

to (1943), 750; Churchill's plans to fly to (April 1945), 835

Hyderabad: Churchill's elephant ride in (1896),65

hydrogen bomb: United States acquires (1954), 923; Churchill's speeches on, 924, 925; Britain to produce (1954), 927; and detente, 930

Ian Hamilton's March (Winston S. Churchill): published (1900),136

Ibn Saud, King: Churchill's talk with (1945),825

Iceland: American occupation of (1941), 699

Illustrated Sunday Herald: Churchill's articles in (1920), 419, 429

Import Executive: established (1941), 688

Inayat Kila (North-West Frontier): Chl'rchill's fever at (1897), 78

'Independent Capitalist Party': Churchill afraid of, 169

Independent Labour Party: Churchill not so afraid of, 169

India: Churchill wants to join his sick father in (1894),47; the 'tedious land' of, 62; sails for, 63; 'land of snobs and bores' (1896), 65; to be governed on 'old principles', 69; Churchill's near escape from injury in (1897), 70; life in 'not big enough', 80; Churchill leaves, for the last time (1899), 103; Churchill a possible Viceroy of (1920), 428; and the offer of Dominion Status,

495; democracy 'unsuited' for, 507; violence in (1932), 507; debates on, 517, 518, 520, 538, 539 Churchill proposes to fly to (1942), 717; proposed new constitution for (1942), 717; to be self-governing, 772; road to independence of (1946-47), 874; contrasted with Burma (1947), 877; conciliation toward (1949), 884

India Defence Committee: established (1933),517

India Defence League: its final challenge (1935),539

India Office: Churchill suggested for (1924), 465; a possible post for Churchill (1929), 488; Churchill's charge against (1934),527,528

India White Paper: Churchill's opposition to (1933-35), 517, 518, 520

Indian Empire: Churchill's pride in (1897),75

Indian Empire Society: Churchill speaks for (1930), 497; its influence diminished, 503

Indian Independence Bill (1947): Conservatives support, 876

Indian Mutiny (1857): recalled, 498 Indian National Congress: rejects

Dominion Status, 495 Indian troops: at Singapore, 717 individual: wars of the future to be

fought for the existence of, 115 individualism: Churchill a 'predestined

champion' of, 460 industry: and 'sufficient hours ofleisure',

196; and war preparation (from 1935), 546,550,558,559,560,562,565,572, 578, 580, 609, 625; and war production, 694

Inflexible: sunk (1915), 304 influenza: Churchill's poem about, 25;

and 'a good conscience', 572 Ingr, General: seeks Churchill's advice

(1948),879 Inskip, Sir Thomas: Minister for

Co-ordination of Defence, 552; supports Churchill, 554; seeks Churchill's advice, 558; Churchill's criticism of, 559; and the Defence Deputation (1936), 559; echoes Churchill's arguments, 561; at the Defence Deputation (1936); 567; Churchill's advice to (1937); 572; and the burden of Defence spending, 586;

INDEX 1025

and the abandonment of air parity (1938). 590; and Czechoslovakia. 591; and Defence deficiencies. 594

Institute of Journalists: Churchill speaks at (1900). 135

insurance: and State intervention. 194 intelligence: filtered down and withheld

(1939).612 Inter-Allied Munitions Council:

established (1917). 379; plans for (1919).394

intercepted letters: and the Agadir crisis (1911).234

International Tribunal (at The Hague). 265

invasion: prospect of (1940). 648. 649. 654.662.666; plans to combat (1940). 667; awaited (1940).668; and Enigma (1940). 670; false alarm concerning. 674; postponed. 675; no longer imminent. 681; 'we are waiting'. 681; no longer a German design (1941), 688; and Easter (1941), 696; plans to combat (1941). 702; renewed danger of (1941), 702; further postponed, 707;

Invergordon (Scotland): a possible Big Three conference at ( 1944), 784

Inverness-shire: Churchill hunts stag in. 218

Iraq: British policy in (1920), 422; need for 'vigorous action' in (1920), 424; Churchill's evolution of policy in (1921),431; rebellion in (1921). 439. 440; a pro-German coup in (1941), 696; and a 'world front against Communist aggression' (1954). 926; rebellion in (1958). 953

Ireland: Churchill in. as a child, I; terrorism in (1896), 61; Churchill's plan for (1904), 164; Churchill's prescriptionfor(1906),174; Churchill suggests federal scheme for (1910), 217; Churchill seeks Liberal-Conservative conversations on (1911), 223; and the Home Rule Bill (1912-14),249; and the coming of war (in 1914),263; Lloyd George seeks Churchill's help over (1920), 422; mounting violence in (1920), 427; Churchill supports a truce in (1920), 428; Churchill's search for a solution in (1921-22), 433; Churchill pursues reconciliation in (1922), 444; the

uncertain future of, 447; Churchill's 'settlement of. approved, 455; Churchill asked to mediate on (1925), 473

Irish Catholics: 'sulky', 195 Irish Free State: Churchill supports

forces of (1922), 446; Churchill negotiates debt agreement with (1925),473

Irish Free State Bill: Churchill pilots through the Commons (1922),444

Irish Free State Constitution: Churchill helps devise (1922), 447-48; recalled, 488

Irish Nationalists: hold balance of power, 9; cheer Churchill (190 I), 139; on the eve of war (in 1914),263,265,267, 269,271,273,275

Irish Statehood: Churchill's proposal for (1921),441

Irish Treaty: negotiations for (1921), 441; Churchill pilots through the Commons (1921-22), 442; recalled, 464

Irishmen: 'military capacity' of, 139 Irkutsk: Bolsheviks enter, 418 iron curtain: 'drawn down' (1945). 844;

the 'facts' of (1946), 866; no ill-will to those east of, 877; the 'true facts' to be conveyed behind (1952), 903

Ironside, General: and British intervention in Russia (1919), 407, 412; Churchill's talks with (1937-39), 585, 617; and the political crisis (April-May 1940), 637; and the German attack in the West (May 1940), 642; and the Weygand Plan (1940),649

Irresistible: damaged (1915), 304 Irwin, Lord: and India (1929), 495; fears

'mischief, 498; a possible Minister of Defence, 550;forsubsequent index entries see Halifax, Lord

Islam: 'please don't become converted to', 188; 'triumphant in Asia', 345; unity of (1956), 949

Isle of Wight: Churchill visits (1882), 3; further boyhood visits to, 15, 21; Churchill returns to (1907), 184; First Fleet concentrated off (1914),267

Ismay, General: Churchill's minutes to (1940-45),649,655; his recollections, 650, 671, 675, 840; accompanies Churchill to France (1940), 653, 659;


his advice, 662; heads Churchill's Defence Office, 672; at Bristol (1941), 696; atChequers, 741 ;and Churchill's worriesaboutSalerno(1943),753;and Churchill's 'fiery energy', 768; gives advice on The Second World War, 871, 885

Ismet Inonii: and the Chanak crisis (1922), 452; Churchill's talks with (1943),739; Churchill meets, in Cairo, 761

Ismid (Turkey): to be held (1922), 450; French and Italians withdraw from (1922),451; Turks pull back from, 453

Israel: Churchill advocates recognition of (1948),880; and the Suez Canal, 895; and Churchill's second Premiership, 902; possible admission of, to the British Commonwealth (1955), 934; and Britain's 'honour' (1956), 947; frontiers of, 949

Istria: and the Adriatic plan (J une 1944), 780; Roosevelt agrees to a British landing on (September 1944), 793; Tito's design on, 806; Churchill wants occupation of (April 1945),838

Italian East Africa: surrenders (1941), 698

Italian Fleet: and the battle of Taranto (1940), 683; and the battle off Matapan (1941),693

Italian people: Churchill's message to (August 1944),790

Italy: Churchill's sightseeing tour through (1906), 181; Churchill's second holiday in, 185; Churchill honeymoons in, 200; a potential ally (1915), 295; and the Entente, 312; Churchill proposes extra troops for (l9!8), 375; a defeat for (1917),379; munitions needs of (1917), 380; Churchill's visit to (1920),425; and the Chanak crisis (1922), 451; Churchill negotiates war debts agreement with (1925),468; and sanctions, 545; and Munich (1938), 597; invades Albania (1939), 612; tramp of armies of (August 1939),618; neutral (1939-40), 627; Churchill's appeal to (May 1940), 646; Churchill addresses (J une 1940), 656; declares war (June 1940), 657; Churchill's plan for invasion of( 1940), 670; Churchill's questions concerning (March 1941), 694; declares war on

United States (December 1941), 712; Churchill's desire to attack through, 733; armistice negotiations with (1943), 750; restrictions on Allied advance in, 751; Allied landing on (September 1943), 752; surrenders (September 1943), 753; proposed campaign in (1943-44), 756,757,759; Churchill opposed to going on defensive in (1944), 767; and an Anglo-American dispute (June 1944), 780; Churchill visits battlefield in (1944),788; futureof(1944), 789; fear of Communism spreading from Greece to (1944), 808; surrender of German armies in, 838; Churchill recuperates in (September 1945),858; Churchill's visit to (1949),885

Jacob, Colonel Ian: his recollections, 672; with Churchill at Placentia Bay (1941), 705; with Churchill at Tripoli (1943), 739; with Churchill at Algiers (1943), 740; and Czechoslovakia (1948),879

Jaffa (Palestine): riots in (1921),437 Jamaica: Churchill's planned visit to

(1949), 883; Churchill visits (1953), 909

James of Hereford, Lord: disagrees, but congratulates, 144

Jamrud: Churchill sees warring tribes in (1898),87

Japan: Lord and Lady Randolph reach (1894),46; Britain's war debts from (1925),468; Admiralty fear of (1925), 469; attacks China (1933), 513; 'spectators' in (1940), 664; and the battle of Taranto (1940), 683; its secrets breached (January 1941),689; Churchill's questions to (1941), 693; and French Indo-China, 705; fears of an attack by (November 1941), 710; invadesJava, 718; first losses in the war of Signals Intelligence, 721; proposed 'unconditional surrender' of, 738; 'main hopes' of (May 1943), 746; timetable for defeat of, agreed, 751; and the atom bomb, 794, 853; and Allied bombing, 794; Russia to declare war on, 800, 822, 845; 'unsubdued', 841; needs of the war against (J ul y 1945), 850; and unconditional surrender, 851; surrenders, 858

Japanese: sufferings of, understood, 880

INDEX 1027

Java: invaded (1942), 718 Jefferis, Major: his task (from 1940),673 Jellicoe, Admiral Sir John: 279 Jerome, Leonard: Churchill's

grandfather, 1 Jerusalem: Churchill visits (1921), 434;

riots in (1921), 440 Jeune, Lady: helps Churchill get to the

Sudan (1898), 90 Jewish Brigade Group: Churchill

authorises (1944), 789 Jewish immigration (to Britain):

Churchill opposes curbs on, 165 Jewish immigration (to Palestine): Arab

protests against, 434, curtailed (1939), 614; Churchill refuses veto, 803

Jewish National Home: to be established, 432; Churchill defends, 435, 448

Jewish refugees: 737; and Israel, 902 Jewish State: Churchill envisages (1920),

429; emergence of (1946-48),874 Jews: prejudice against, 165; Churchill's

hosts (1906), 181; in Palestine, 432, 436,437,448; 'persecution of, 516; Hitler legislates against (1933), 520; 'brutal vigour' of persecution of (1935), 546; Churchill appeals to Hitler to end persecution of, 580; Churchill denounces persecution of, 585; 'may leap out' (1939), 618; 'cold-blooded extermination' of, denounced (1942), 737; laws against, in Algiers, to be repealed, 740; a film of atrocities against, shown at Chequers (1943), 749; news of mass murder of, reaches London (J une 1944), 783; and a Middle East Federation (1945), 825; in Israel, 947

jingoism: Churchill 'revolt against', 145 Jinja (Uganda Protectorate): Churchill

reaches, 188 Joan of Arc, 607 Jodi, General Alfred, 839 Johannesburg: Churchill cycles through

(1900),128 John the Baptist: Palestine in time of, 19 Joint Planning Committee: 672,674; and

Greece, 682; and Pantelleria, 686; and Sicily, 743; and Rhodes (1943), 755; and the Anglo-American dispute over Italy (June 1944),780

Jones, Dr Thomas: 411; and the Dardanelles, 461; and Churchill's Exchequer years, 467; and Churchill's

'conciliatory' tone (1926), 478; welcomed as a 'corrective' influence, 484; pleased at Churchill's exclusion (1935), 547; and Churchill's 'driving power' (1938), 591; contrasts Churchill and Chamberlain (September 1939),627

Jones, R.V.: and the German bombing of Britain (1940),666

Jordan: hostility of (1956),949 Joubert, General P.]., 109, 113 justice: and Britain's colonial duty, 183 Justice (John Galsworthy): Churchill at

opening night of (1910), 212 Jutland, battle of (1916): Churchill's

communique after, 363; re-fought, at Chartwell,483

Kamenev, Lev: at 10 Downing Street, 423 Karachi: civil air route to, 434 Kasserine Pass (Tunisia): Americans

driven from (1943),741 Keble, Colonel: and Yugoslavia (1943),

739 Keith, Dr George: and Lord Randolph's

last voyage, 44; and Mrs Everest's final illness, 53

Kelly, Air Commander Thomas: accompanies Churchill to Marrakech (1943),765

Kelly, Denis: works on The Second World War, 871, 886, 887, 891, 894, 906, 916; and Churchill's stroke (1949), 886; helps Churchill in retirement, 944, 945,950

Kenley (Kent): Churchill flies to (1918), 395

Kennedy, Joseph: Churchill shocked by (June 1939), 615; and a possible negotiated peace (1940),648

Kennedy, Major-General John: and Churchill's leadership (1942), 724; and the possible evacuation of Egypt (1941), 697; and Churchill's lack of 'fire' (1944), 771; and Churchill's 'great vigour' (1944),774

Kenny, Annie: arrested, 172 Kensal Green Cemetery (West London):

Marigold Churchill buried at, 439 Kenya Protectorate: Churchill travels

through (1907),186 Key West (Florida): Churchill takes ship

for Havana from (1895), 58 Keyes, Sir Roger: and the German attack


in the West (May 1940),642 Keynes, J.M.: and the Gold Standard,

469; and a 'tractate against war', 481 Khartoum: Churchill seeks to enter

(1897),80; Churchill hopes to be 'in at thedeath' at(l898),88; battle near, 92; Churchill reaches (1898), 98; Churchill revisits (1907),189

Kherson (South Russia), 415 Khrushchev, Nikita: succeeds Malenkov,

938; and the Soviet Army, 944; Churchill sits next to (1956),947

Kiel: German High Sea Fleet at (1911), 236; Churchill invited to (1914), 258

Kiel Canal: to be deepened (1912), 243; possible bombing of (1914),277; and the Dardanelles, 302

Kiev: Denikin enters (1919), 415; Bolsheviks enter, 418; Polish forces enter, 421

Kimberley: Churchill on board (1944),788 King George V: Churchill's voyage on

(1944),766; recalled,806 King, Admiral: and the Cherbourg plan

(1942),725; and Greece, 808 King, W. Mackenzie: 861 Kinna, Patrick: and Churchill's

pneumonia (1943),762 Kinsk y, Count: takes Churchill to Crystal

Palace (1891), 28 Kipling, Rudyard: 75 Kirkwood, David: finds Churchill 'a

friend' (1917), 376 Kitchener, General: Churchill seeks

action with (1896), 62; Churchill seeks action with (1897),80; Churchill seeks action with (1898), 89; critical of Lieutenant Churchill (1898), 92; Churchill reports to (1898), 93; Churchill's intelligence task for (1898), 93; Churchill's pencilled messages to (1898), 94; and an 'act of vandalism and folly', 99; 'a vulgar common man', 102; his continuing hostility to Churchill (1900), 126; his powers curtailed (1901),145; a libel on (1902), 148; dines at Other Club (1911), 228; Churchill's talks with (1913), 249; Churchill lunches with (July 1914), 267; and the opening months of war in 1914,278; Churchill consults, 282; and Churchill's mission to Antwerp (1914), 283, and the Dardanelles, 291, 293, 294, 297, 298,

299, 300, 302,303, 305; and Mecca, 305; and Gallipoli, 306, 309, 321; and Churchill's departure from the Admiralty, 320; and Churchill's isolation, 323; and Lloyd George, 327; eventual 'dismissal' of, 337; Churchil urged to call for 'removal' of, 354; and Churchill's request to leave the Army (1916),354; drowned (1916),363; and the Dardanelles Commission, 370

Knight of the Garter: Churchill appointed (1953), 911

Knollys, Lord: and Churchill's future (1922),446

Knox, Frank: and Pearl Harbor (1940), 683

Knox, General: in Siberia (1919), 412; leaves Siberia, 418

Kolchak, Admiral: and the anti-Bolshevik Russians (1919), 409; British help to, 410; in retreat, 417; flees, 418; shot (1920),420

Kopjes Station: an episode of the Boer War in, 130

Korean Armistice: possible breach of, and the atom bomb (1953),920

Korean War (1950-53), 891, 892, 894, 901,902,904,905; ends, 916

Kos: to be given up (1943),755 Kotlas (North Russia): a military plan for

(1919),412,413 Krasnoff, General: and the

anti-Bolshevik Russians (1919),409 Krassin, Leonid: at 10 Downing Street

(1920),423 Kristallnacht (November 1938): 604, 606 Kronstadt: Churchill's proposed visit to

(1914),259 Kurds: Churchill's proposal of autonomy

for (1921), 434

La Capponcina (Cap d'Ail): Churchill works at (from 1948), 882, 886, 907; Churchill recuperates at, 917; Churchill stays at, in retirement, 945, 952,953

La Creche: Churchill at (1916), 344 La Ferte: Churchill visits (January 1940),

631 La Gorgue: Churchill at (1915),331 La Panne (Belgium): Churchill visits

trenches at (1915), 335 La Pausa, Roquebrune: Churchill's

retirement haven (1956-60), 946, 948,

INDEX 1029

949,950,951,952,954,956 Labouchere, Henry: his accusations

against Churchill, 52, 64,65 Labour Exchanges: Churchill's proposal

for (1908), 194; to go ahead, 202; Churchill visits in Germany, 208

Labour Exchanges Bill: Churchill prepares, 203; introduced (1909), 204

Labour Government: and the financial crisis of 1931, 502; and 'some form of Gestapo' (1945), 846

Labour Government (1945-51): Churchill supports US loan by, 863, 864, Churchill does not criticize abroad, 864; Churchill's support for, 875,876,884; Churchill rallies forces against (1947), 877; wins General Election (1950), 889; Churchill's criticisms of, 890, 891, 892; Churchill's revelation concerning (1952),904

Labour incriminations: 'general currency' of, 477

Labour movement: a 'Central Party' needed to fight against (1902), 151

Labour Party: and the General Election of 1923, 460; Churchill attacked by (1924), 461; and the 'Russian Bolsheviks', 488; electoral losses of (1931), 503; criticises rearmament (1934), 538; and the Anti-Nazi Council, 554; and rearmament, 563; and the Spanish Civil War, 575; and the last halting steps to war (September 1939), 621; and the political crisis (April-May 1940), 637, 638, 640; and the return to Party politics (1945), 801; opposed to Soviet domination of Poland (1945), 830; and the break-up of the Coalition (1945), 845; and Potsdam, 849; forms Government ( 1945), 855; and censure of the Fulton speech (1946), 868; a 10y-day' for, 877; Motion of Censure by (1952),904

Ladysmith: struggle for (1899), 107; besieged, 108; Churchill present at relief of (1900), 123; victory parade in, 124

LakeComo(Italy):Churchilirecuperates at (September 1945),858

Lake Louise (Canada): Churchill paints at (1929),493

Lake Lugano (Switzerland): Churchill paints at(1945), 858

Lambert, George: 'I shall live to see you Prime Minister' (1924), 465

Lambton, Lady: her friendship, 529 Lamlash: warships ordered to (1914),

256 Lamotte: Churchill sees tank tracks at

(1918),393 Lampedusa Island: captured (1943),748 Lancashire: cotton of, 60; a political

vacancy in (1897), 80; and India (1934),527

Lancastria: sunk (1940), 663 land nationalisation: father and son

disagree over (1946),873 land taxes: Churchill supports (1904),

162 land values: taxation of, 174, 184 Lane-Fox, George: and Churchill's

opposition to Dominion Status (for India), 499

Laniel,Joseph: at Bermuda (1953), 920 Lansdowne, Lord: a warning from

(1896), 62; Churchill deprecates proposed military expenditure by, 67; Churchill's attack on (1910), 211; at the War Council, 302; mockery of, recalled, 318

Laos: Churchill 'ignorant' of (1953),911 Larne: gun-running at (1914), 257 Laski, Harold: and the Labour Party

Executive (1945),849 Laski, Nathan: and Churchill's 'splendid

victory' (1904),167 Latvia: and armaments, 507 Lauder, Harry, 387 Laurence Farm: Churchill's front line

headquarters (1916), 345, 346, 347, 349, 350, 359; Churchill revisits (1918),382

Lautre (a Frenchman): accompanies Churchill on a risky journey (1900), 128

Laval, Pierre: and the Hoare-Laval pact (1935),548

Laventie: Churchill in training at (1915), 336

Lavery, Hazel: and Churchill's first steps as a painter (1915), 322

Law, Richard: and Munich (1938),598 Lawrence, T.E.: Churchill's adviser, 432;

at the Cairo Conference, 434; commiserates (1922),456; 'I want him to be PM somehow' (1929), 489; and My Early Life, 496


Lawson, J.J.: Churchill's praise for (1945),856

Layton, Elizabeth: Churchill's wartime secretary, 704, 721, 733, 741, 782; accompanies Churchill to Athens (Christmas 1944),809; with Churchill in Cairo, 826; and Churchill's farewell (1945),856; Churchill's comment to, 857

Le Bourget: Churchill institutes flights from (1918), 391

Le Cateau: Churchill visits battlefield of (1918),399

Le Havre: in flames (1940),659 League of Nations: Churchill supports

idea of (1918),404; and Iraq, 431; and Ireland, 441; and Palestine, 449; and collective security, 523; and Abyssinia, 544,545; and the Rhineland (1936), 552; Baldwin's attitude to, 562; moral forces of, 573; largely a sham (Chamberlain), 585; to be 'sustained' (1938),590; and Czechoslovakia, 598; feebleness of (recalled), 862

League of Nations Covenant: adherence to, 585, and Czechoslovakia, 594; and Munich (1938), 599; and Churchill's 'wise counsel', 607

Leahy, Admiral: and the Fulton speech, 865

Lee of Fareham, Lord, 432; and the Chanak crisis (1922), 451

Leeds: munitions workers strike at (1918), 393; Churchill speaks at (1942), 721; Churchill's denationalisation pledge at (1950),888

Leeper, Reginald: enlists Churchill's help (1936), 554; in Athens (December 1944),808, 809

Lees-Milne, James: at Chartwell (1928), 483

Leicester: Churchill speaks at, of the dangers of class war (1909), 206

Leicester Mail: hostile (1923), 459 Leipzig: not to be bombed (1940), 674; to

be bombed (1945),818 Lemnos: troops to be sent to (1915), 297 Lend-Lease: the condition for, 688 comes

into being, 690; Churchill's thoughts on, 692; and Churchill's air escort to Moscow (1942),727

Lenin, Vladimir: to be 'aided' (1918), 389; reprisals threatened against, 395; his 'sway', 408; tyranny of, 412; his

triumph, 414; 'demoniacal', 418; his 'diabolical' purpose, 419; and the existence of God, 492; recalled, 921

Leninism: 'bestial appetites' of, 480 Lenox Hill Hospital (New York):

Churchill at (1931),504 Leopold, King: and the Maginot Line

(1940),632; and the German attack in the West (May 1940), 642; seeks armistice, 650

Leros: in British hands (1943), 757 captured by the Germans, 758

Leslie, Lady (Aunt Leonie): Churchill stays with, 3; Churchill confides in, 88, 127; her son Norman's death in action (1914), 289; 'spared to still do great things' (1931), 504; her encouragement (1942), 731

Leslie, Norman: killed in action (1914), 289

Leslie, Shane: his recollection, 2; and 'the Den', 27; and Sinn Fein, 425

Leven (Scotland): Churchill attacks Lords at (1910), 211

Leveson-Gower, Lord Alastair: his death (1921),440

Lewis, Lieutenant-Commander Roger: and the magnetic mine, 629

Leyte Gulf, battle of (1944): recalled, 917 Liberal Imperialists: Churchill sees 'a lot

of (1901),144 Liberal Opposition: cheers Churchill

(1901),140; Churchilljoins in division lobby (1903), 153; Churchill praises (1903),160

Liberal Opposition benches: Churchill sits on (1904), 167

Liberal Party: Churchill attracted by (1897), 69; better at 'pushing their propaganda' (1899), 104; Churchill's forecast for (1902), 151; Churchill proposes to act with (1903), 158; Churchill joins (1904), 165; and the 'rights of individuals', 183; 'a good Party to fight with', 195; and the coming of war in 1914, 269; no independent future for (1924), 462; future alignment of (1929), 491; and coming of war (September 1939), 621

Liberal-Conservative Party: a possible new grouping (1924), 462

Liberalism: Churchill's declaration of faith in (1904), 164; 'sure, sober, safe', 459; 'superseded', 519

INDEX

Liberalism and the Social Problem (Winston S. Churchill): published, 209

Liberty: Churchill's battle cry (1894),46; and religion, 102; a nation's debt for, 959

Libya: and Greece (1940), 687; hostility of (1956),949

Life: serialises Churchill's war memoirs (1948),879

LiIle: Churchill visits (1918), 399 Lindemann, Professor Frederick:

Churchill's friendship with (from 1924), 463, 508, 512, 532, 548, 579; and the General Strike (of 1926), 475; a 'corrective' influence to, 484; and Caligula, 552; Churchill's scientific adviser (1939-45), 625; accompanies Churchill (1940), 631; Churchill criticises, 655; and wartime research, 673; and the atom bomb, 746; for subsequent index entries see Cherwell, Lord

Linlithgow, Lord: and Churchill's opposition over India (1933),518

Linosa Island: captured (1943), 748 Linz: Eisenhower to advance no further

than (1945), 838 Lippmann, Walter: Churchill's message

to (June 1939), 615 Lisbon: 'unnecessary ever to see it again',

67 Lithuania: independent (1919),416; and

armaments, 507 Little,John: Churchill's tutor, 37, 39, 45 Livadia Palace (Yalta): conference at, 817 Liverpool: Churchill lectures at (1900),

137; Churchill's speech in (1901),141; riots in (1911), 231; Churchill speaks at (1914), 281; Churchill addresses Conservatives at (1924), 462; will rise 'more beautiful', 679; bombed (1941), 698; Churchill speaks at (1951),896

Livorno: Churchill fires a howitzer near (1944),788

Ljubljana Gap: and British strategy (1944-45),806,817

Llandudno: Churchill speaks at (1948), 882

Llanelli (South Wales): riots in (1911), 232

Llewellyn Smith, Sir Hubert: and sweated labour (1908), 197

Lloyd George, David: 'a vulgar, chattering little cad' (1901), 146;

1031

Churchill seeks common ground with (1903), 160; Churchill sits next to (1904), 165; Churchill's talks with, 168; Churchill shares platform with, 169; Churchill seeks help of (1908), 195; at Churchill's wedding, 200; his budget to be rejected, 205; the Churchills the guests of (1910), 218; Ch urchill gives dinner for ( 1911),228; and unemployment insurance, 226; and Agadir (1911), 233; rebukes Churchill (1912), 247; and the Naval Estimates crisis (1914), 253; and Ireland (1914), 255; and the coming of war in 1914,271,273; and the early months of war, 278; and the search for an alternate British war plan (Decemberl914), 291; wants an Adriatic landing (1915), 294; and the Dardanelles, 295, 298; and Salonica, 295; and Palestine, 302; and Fisher's resignation, 315; and the political crisis of May 1915, 318; Churchill wants Kitchener to be replaced by, 327; isolated, 339; Churchill exhorts (1915), 339; wants 'Winston back' (1915),339; Churchill's contact with, in 1916,344, and Churchill's call for Fisher's return (1916), 353; his 'supreme chance', 359; Churchill appeals to (1916), 363; seeks Churchill's views, 365; and the political crisis of December 1916,368; and Churchill's return to office (1916-17),369,373; becomes Prime Minister (December 1916), 369; a gesture of friendship from, 370; and 'love of arbitrary power', 371; and Churchill at the Ministry of Munitions (1917-18),375; and Caporetto, 379; Churchill's advice to (January 1918), 381; seeks Churchill's advice and help (March 1918),384; Churchill's reports to (March 1918), 386, 387, 388; supports Churchill's strike-breaking proposal (1918),393; and the tanks for 1919,394; Churchill reports on battle of Drocourt to (1918), 396; and Churchill's Cabinet future (1918), 400; Churchill dines with (11 November 1918),402; calls General Election (October 1918),403,404;and British intervention in Russia (1918-19),405, 408, 409,410,411,


412, 413; Churchill rebukes (1919), 411; rebukes Churchill (1919), 415; and Churchill's war memoirs (1920), 419, 443; seeks Churchill's help over Ireland, 125, 422; and a British ultimatum to Russia (1920), 423; and the Chanak crisis (1922), 450, 451; seeks Churchill's help over the Middle East, 429; Churchill dissuades from resignation (1921), 441; entrusts Churchill with the Irish Treaty debates (1921-22), 442; Conservative MPs turn against (October 1922),453; resigns (October 1922),453; Churchill seeks Conservative link with (1924), 462; political discussion with (1929), 491; fails to prevent National Government (1931), 502; seeks to return (1935), 540; at Marrakech (1935), 548; Churchill's article on, 581; advocates a Soviet alliance (1939), 614; and the political crisis (May 1940), 638; declines to enter Cabinet (May 1940),645; Churchill offers of a War Cabinet place to (1940), 652; dies, Churchill's tribute to (March 1945), 833; on Socialism, 889

Lloyd, Lord: dismissed (1929), 491,492; and Defence policy (1933), 522; and Czechoslovakia, 596; and the Altmark, 634; and Oran (1940), 666

Lloyd, Selwyn: and Churchill's wish for talks with Russia ( 1954), 911, 912

Locarno Treaties (1925): 471,487 Loire: Churchill flies to (1940),658 London: Churchill's frequent visits to

(1894), 45; Churchill advises his brother to volunteer for service in (1900), 129; Churchill lectures in (1900),137; airdefenceof(1914),279; a potential bombing target (1934), 536; possible surprise attack on (March 1939), 611; to be fought for 'street by street' (1940), 667; bombed by day (1940), 673; intensification of bombing of (1940), 675; parachute mines dropped on, 677; rate of bombing of, 679; will rise 'more beautiful', 679 and the British people, 680; death toll in (by October 1940), 680; a raid expected on, 683; further air raids on (1940-41), 684, 686, 692, 696; possible Big Three conference at (1943), 752; a possible rocket bomb

target, 755; Churchill taken ill returning to, from Italy (1944), 791; Churchill returns to, from Moscow, 801 (1944); crowds in,'beyond control' (1945),840; 'a great rhinoceros', 843; Churchill speaks in (1949), 886; a possible summit in (1954-5), 929,937

London dockers: strike spreads to (1911), 230; have 'a real grievance' (1911),232

London Magazine: Churchill's articles in (1916),366

London Poles: Churchill and Stalin talk to (October 1944), 797; Churchill's discussions with (in Moscow), 798, 799, 800; Churchill's continuing talks with, 801; and Yalta (1945), 819, 820; after Yalta, 826

London Support Farm: Churchill's temporary headquarters (1916),347

London to Ladysmith via Pretoria (Winston S. Churchill): published in London (1900), 128; published in New York, 130; success of, 131;

Londonderry, Lady: regrets Churchill's move to the Liberals (1904),168; her advice, 414

Londonderry, 7th Marquess of: Churchill stays with (1901),145; and Churchill's resignation from the Carlton Club, 171; and Defence deficiencies, 513; and air policy, 523; and Churchill's 'anti-German obsession' (1936),555; and the 'villain of the piece', 566; Churchill's rebuke to (1937),581

Londoners: 'tough fibre' of (1940),675; high spirits of, 686

Loos, battle of(1915): 327; recalled, 340, 348

Loraine, Sir Percy: and a possible negotiated peace (September 1939), 625

Lord Nelson: and the Dardanelles, 296 Lord Randolph Churchill (Winston S.

Churchill): Lorraine, financial success of, 171; published, 175; offered, but not sent, 191

Lorraine: Churchill learns about (1883), 5; 'Cross of', 766

Los Angeles: Churchill speaks in (1929), 494

Loucheur, Louis, 379, 381, 394, 481 Louren~o Marques: Churchill sets off for

(1899), 1I8; Churchill reaches 'black

INDEX 1033

as a sweep', 120 Low, David: his cartoons, 419 Lubeck: British forces reach (1945),839;

and the iron curtain, 844 Lublin Poles: Stalin's nominees, 785, 814;

Churchill and Stalin meet (October 1944), 798; contrasted with Greek Communists, 811; and Yalta, 819, 820; after Yalta, 827; Churchill meets (at Potsdam), 853

Lucas, General John P.: and Anzio, 767 Luce, River: Churchill and Clemenceau

cross (1918),387 Lucerne: Churchill visits (1893), 37 Ludlow: Churchill issues letter of

support for Liberal candidate at (1903),159

Ludlow-Hewitt, Air Chief Marshal Sir Edgar: and the German Air Mission (1937),582; and the battle in France (1940),647

Lullenden (Sussex): Churchill's house at (1917-19),372,375,379,395

Lush, Brigadier Maurice: with Churchill in Rome (1944), 789

Lushington, Captain Gilbert: teaches Churchill to fly, 252; killed in a flying accident (1913), 253

Lutz von Krosigk, Count: his advice to Britain (J uly 1939), 616

Luxembourg: and the coming of war in 1914,273

Luxor (Egypt): Churchill contrasts with London (1898), 91

Lvov (Galicia): future of, discussed (1943),761; dispute over, 799

Lympne (Kent): Churchill flies to France from (1918),396; Churchill a guest at, 419,428

Lyneham (Wiltshire): Churchill returns from overseas to, 730, 740, 826

Lyttelton, Alfred: criticises Churchill's reduction of prison sentences, 229

Lyttelton, Oliver: a warning from (1941), 704; and Churchill's death, 959

Lytton, Lady (Pamela Plowden): her delight (1940), 645; her congratulations (1953),911

MacArthur, General Douglas: a message from (1942),730

Macaulay, Lord: Churchill learning poetry of, 19; Churchill receives works of, 67; trains the 'muscles', 70; an

'arch-offender', 88; his style recalled, 458

MacCallum Scott, Alexander: his biography of Churchill (1905), 172

MacDavid, Jock: recalls Churchill's battalion days (1916), 342; injured (1916),347

MacDonald, Malcolm: Randolph challenges (1936), 549; and Munich (1938), 600; and the call for Churchill's return (1939), 616

MacDonald, Ramsay: and the Agadir crisis (1911), 234; becomes Prime Minister, 460; Churchill praises moderationof(1926),4 75; Churchill's secret meeting with (1926), 478; becomes Prime Minister for the second time (1929),489; and the offer of Dominion Status to India, 495; and My Early Life, 496; heads National Government (1931), 502; and the financial crisis of 1931, 502; 'lurid sunsets' of, 505; and disarmament, 511,512, 514; 'almost a mental case', 540; resigns (1935), 544

MacDougall, Donald: his recollection (of 1952),900

Mackesy, General P. J.: and Norway (1940),636,637

MacLean, Group Captain Lachlan: brings Churchill information (1937-38),573,574,579,582,587

Macmillan, Harold: an ally (1927), 483; wants Churchill as Minister of Defence (1936), 551; supports Churchill (1938),605; at Chartwell (April 1939), 612; protests at adjournment (August 1939),617; and the political crisis (May 1940), 639; meets Churchill at Gibraltar (1943), 758; with Churchill at Carthage, 763; with Churchill in Rome (1944), 789; and the Vote of Confidence on Greece (December 1944),807; in Athens 808, 809, 812, 825; with Churchill at Strasbourg, 885; and Churchill's 'vitality' (1951), 894; and the 1951 General Election, 896; and Churchill's second Premiership (1951-5), 899, 907, 935; and Churchill's stroke, 913; and the call for Churchill's resignation, 926, 931; and Churchill's call for a summit, 930; and Churchill's resignation, 938; and Churchill's last years, 944; and the


Suez Crisis (1956), 948; Prime Minister (1957-63), 950, 951,953; and Churchill's death, 959

Macroom (Ireland): violence in (1920), 427

Madrid: Churchill visits (1901), 141 Madagascar: secured (1942), 721 Maginot Line: Churchill visits (1936),

562; Churchill visits (January 1940), 631; German troops break through (May 1940),647

magnetic mine: sin kings by (November 1939),629; mastered, 630

Mahdi: 'a boy deprived of his father's care', 103

Mahdi's Tomb: 'profaned', 99 maiden speech: Churchill delivers

(1901),139 Maikop (Caucasus): German troops

reach (1942), 729 Maine, hospital ship: Lady Randolph

brings to Durban, 122 Maisky, Ivan: 553, at Chartwell (1938),

594; and the British bombing of Germany (1941), 702; greets Churchill in Moscow (1944), 795

Majorca: Churchill on way to (1935),548 Makhno, Nestor: attacks Denikin (1919),

417 Makins, Sir Roger: his 'summit' telegram,

936,937,938 Malakand Field Force: Churchill joins

(1897), 75; Churchill in action with (1897),76,77; Churchill's reflections on, 82; recalled, 88; ribbon of, 91

Malaya: Japanese landing on (December 1941),711,712

Malenkov, Georgy: and Churchill's wish for a summit (1953),915,920

Malta: Churchill visits (1907), 186; Churchill visits (1913), 249; and the coming of war in 1914,267; and the Dardanelles, 296; Churchill visits (1927), 480; first convoy to (1940), 674; under air bombardment (1942), 721; losses to a convoy to (1942), 728; Churchill unwell at (1943), 758; Churchill proposes flying to (january 1944), 765; Churchill and Roosevelt meet at (1945),814

Maltese: 'very real' complaint of, 186 Manchester: Churchill campaigns for

Balfour at, 136; Churchill attacks Protection at, 164, 167; Churchill's

election campaign in (1906), 175; Churchill outlines social programme at (1908), 190; Churchill speaks at, linking Crown and Commons (1910), 216; dock strike at (1911), 229; Churchill's speaks about Ireland at (1913), 250; Churchill speaks at (1918), 398; Churchill appeals for Liberal unity at (1923), 459; will rise 'more beautiful', 679; Churchill speaks at, against Socialism (1947), 878; Churchill speaks at (1950),889

Manchester Courier: and Churchill's first polling night (1899), 105; praises Churchill's novel (1900), 124

Manchester Guardian: publishes Churchill's attack on Aliens Bill (1904), 165; praises Churchill's reluctance to use troops (1910), 220; praises Churchill (1914), 277; and Churchill's Royal Opera Housespeech (1914),281

Manchester North-West: Churchill asked to stand for (1904), 162, 163

Mandalay: occupied (1885), 9; bombed (1942),720; surrenders, 721

Mandel, Georges: and the fall of France (1940),660

Manila: Americans enter (1945),822 Mansion House: Lloyd George's warning

at (1911),234,235 Mansion House (London): hostile

demonstrations near (1911), 228; Churchill speaks about Russia at (1919), 410; Churchill speaks at (1941),703; (1942), 734

Mantanzas (Cuba): sugars of, 60 Manual of Political Economy, (Fawcett):

Churchill reads, 55 Mareth Line: battle for (1943), 742 Margate: Churchill's speech at (1953),

918 . Margesson, David: Churchill's request to

(1939), 613; and the call for Churchill's return (June 1939),616; and the political crisis (April-May 1940), 639, 640; and Churchill's reaction to defeat (1945),855

Marine Brigade: sent to Ostend (1914), 279; sent to Dunkirk (1914), 280; and Antwerp (1914), 283

Marjoribanks, Edward (later Lord Tweedmouth): Churchill's uncle, 36

Marjoribanks, Lady Fanny: visits

INDEX 1035

Churchill,20 Markhanai (North-West Frontier):

Churchill in action near (1897),76 Marlborough, 1st Duke of: Churchill's

ancestor, 1; Churchill contemplates writing a biography of (1898), 87; recalled, 334, 579; and destiny, 549

Marlborough, 7th Duke of: Churchill's grandfather, 1; dies, 5

Marlborough, 8th Duke of: dies, 33 Marlborough, 9th Duke of (Sunny):

succeeds to Dukedom, 33; Churchill's friendship with, 42,89; his advice, 91; Churchill rides towards Pretoria with (1900), 127; at marriage of Churchill's mother, 134; rents Churchill a bachelor flat (1901), 135; forecasts Churchill's 'severance from the Tory Party' (1903), 156; urges Churchill to propose to Miss Hozier, 198; urges Churchill to give up learning to fly, 248; dies, 529

Marlborough, Dowager Duchess of (Fanny): Churchill'sgrandmother, 16, 38, 41, 47, 48; and her grandson 'beginning to be ambitious', 24; advice from, 25; encouragement from, 26; Churchill confides in, 79; dies, 104

Marlborough, Dowager Duchess of (Lily): Churchill's aunt, 35, 36, 37, 51, 52,72

Marlborough, Duchess of (Consuelo): 'very kind to me', 42; for subsequent index entry see Balsan, Consuelo

Marlborough, His Life and Times (Winston S. Ch urchill): genesis of, 488; work on, 491,502,508,509,512,524,532,557, 579,580,586,593; payment for, 494; published (from 1933), 522, 533, 563

Marmara, Sea of: and the Dardanelles, 295, 300; and the Gallipoli landings, 311 ; and Stalin, 853

Marne, battle ofthe (1914), 280 Marrakech: Churchill stays at (1935),

548; Churchill takes Roosevelt to (1943),738; Churchill recuperates at (1943-44), 765; Churchill's return visits to 878, 894, 954

Marsh, Edward: joins Churchill (1905), 174; accompanies Churchill, 175, 186; joins Churchill at Board of Trade, 197; sends Churchill work, to Athens, 218; with Churchill at the Admiralty, 290; and Churchill's first steps as a

painter, 323; 'blinking back his tears', 329; with Churchill at the MinistrY'of Munitions (1917-18), 377; with Churchill in France (1917-18), 378, 399; Churchill's continuing friendship with, 502; helps Churchill on his war memoirs (1947), 878

Marshall, General George C.: Churchill's talks with (1941), 714; offers to help Oune 1942),723; and the Cherbourg plan, 725; and Churchill's hopes for the battle in Italy, 771

Marston, Lettice: Churchill's secretary, 871, 872

Martin, (Sir)John: his recollections,673; with Churchill at Carthage (1943), 764; and the surrender of Germany (1945),839; and the 'common people', 848

Martin, Flight-Lieutenant Trevor: flies with Churchill near Rhine (March 1945),832

Martini-Henry rifle: Churchill fires (1888),19

Martyrdom of Man (Winwood Reade): Churchill reads, 67

Marx, Karl: Churchill's parody of (1945), 820

Mary, Queen: coronation of (1911),228 Masaryk, Jan Garrigue: Churchill's

encouragement to ( 1945), 827 Massachusetts Institute of Technology

(MIT) (Boston): Churchill's speech at (1949),884

Masterton-Smith, James: with Churchill at the Admiralty, 290; and Fisher's resignation, 315; and Churchill's record at the Admiralty, 323; and Churchill's qualities, 329; with Churchill at Munitions (1917-18), 377

Matabeleland: Churchill seeks action in (1896),62,63

Matsuoka, Yosuke: Churchill's message to (1941), 693

Maturin, Gillian: Churchill's secretary, 944,946

Maudling, Reginald: helps Churchill (1950),888

Maurois, Andre: and Churchill's war on lice (1916), 341; Churchill's request to (1916),346

Maxwell, Sir Alexander: helps Churchill, 563

Mayer, Rene: and Churchill wish fortalks


with Russia, 911 Maynard, General Charles: and British

intervention in Russia (1919), 407, 412,414

Mayo, C.H.P.: encouragement from, 33; his praise, 180; at Churchill's wedding, 200

Maze, Paul: paints alongside Churchill (August 1939),619

McCloy, John J.: Churchill confides in (1944),773

McKenna, Reginald: Churchill's clash with (1908), 20 I; Churchill fears 'cocksuredness' of, 236

McKinley, President: Churchill 'impressed' by (1900),137

McNeill, Angus: Churchill joins action with, 126

McNeill, R:mald: Churchill's guest (1926),473

Mecca: and the Dardanelles, 305 Medenine (Tunisia): Germans driven

from (1943), 741 Melbourne Argus: a description of

Churchill in (1901), 142 Melchett, Lord: and Churchill's tact, 578 Memel: and a 'German menace', 527 Mendes-France, Pierre: and a possible

summit (1955), 934 Menin Road (Flanders): Hugh Wyllie

killed on (1915), 35; Churchill shelled on(1918),382

Menzies, Colonel Stuart: and the despatch of intelligence to Russia, 708

Menzies, Robert: and Churchill's mood (March 1941),691; and Greece, 691

Merris (France): Churchill dines with officers at (1916), 340

Mers el-Kebir (Algeria): French warships at (1940), 666

Merseyside: strike on (1908), 195 Meru (Kenya): Churchill authorises

incorporation of, 187 Merville (France): Churchill sees

wounded at, 312; Churchill at, 334 Mesopotamia: and the Dardanelles, 305 Messe, General: confronts Montgomery

(1943),742 Metropolitan Police: Churchill sends to

South Wales in place oftroops (1910), 219; sent to Hull(1911), 229; to be sent to Liverpool (1911), 231; and the Agadir crisis (1911), 234

Metternich, Count: Churchill's warning

to, 206 Metz: Churchill visits (1883), 5; (1909),

207; German forces retake (September 1944),792

Meux, Admiral Sir H.: and Churchill's call for Fisher's return (19 I 6), 353

Mexico: Britain not to 'sink to the condition of', 255

Miami: Churchill's speech in (1946),864 Middle East: Churchill's proposals for

(1920), 428; Lloyd George seeks Churchill's help in (1920), 429; Churchill's search for economies in (1921),431; andAustralia(1941),695; possible collapse in, 698; and Churchill's second Premiership, 902

Midway Island: battle of (1942),722 Mikolajczyk, Stanislaw: his talks with

Churchill (October 1944), 798, 800; and Yalta, 821

Milan: Churchill receives letter of rebuke at (1893),37

Milbanke,John: Churchill gives dictation to (1889), 23

Milch, General Erhard: visits Britain (1937),582

Miles, Doris: recollections ( 1943), 742 militarism: 'degenerates into brutality',

89 Military Co-ordination Committee: Churchill made Chairman of (May

1940),637 Military Service Act: Churchill wishes to

use against strikers (1918),393 Millerand, Alexandre: and the Middle

East, 431 Milner, Sir Alfred (later Viscount): in

South Africa, 106; Churchill's talks with, at CapeTown, 107; informed of Churchill's escape, 120; Churchill's criticisms of, 178; answers Churchill (1909),210; criticism of, recalled, 317; his protest (1918), 386; Churchill's anger with (1918), 392; and British intervention in Russia (1918-19), 405; praise from (1921), 432

Mimizan (France): Churchill on holiday at 421,425,460

Mindszenty, Cardinal: imprisoned (1948),883

Mines Eight Hours Bill (1908): Churchill introduces, 196

minimum standards: of 'life and labour' (1906), 184; Churchill reiterates need

INDEX 1037

for(1907),189,193 minimum wage: principle of, established

(1909),203 Minister of Defence: Churchill advocates

creation of (1934),527; no place for ChurchiII as (1935-36), 544,547,550; growing demand for (1936), 550; ChurchiII's plan for (May 1940), 641; ChurchiIl's appointment as, 672; ChurchiII retains (1942),718

Minister of Munitions: Churchill hopes for appointment as (1916), 363, 364; ChurchiII appointed (1917), 374; recalled, 537, 578; ChurchiII advocates (1936), 551

Minister without Portfolio: proposed for ChurchiII (September 1939),619

Ministry for Co-ordination of Defence: ChurchiII not to succeed Inskip at (1939),609

Ministry of Health: Churchill suggested for (1924),465

Ministry of Supply: ChurchiII advocates (1936),554; Government rejects, 565, 585; Church iII advocates, 604, 605; established (1939), 613; not properly working in 1940,632

Minney, R.J.: and public 'apathy' (1938), 604

Minssen, Bernard: Churchill studies French with, 31

Minto, Countess of: Churchill rides with, 228

Mississippi: 'let it roll', 671 Missouri: its mission (1946),865,869 Mitford, Tom: killed in action (1945),

835 Moberly Bell, Charles: Churchill thanks,

134 mobilisation: and the search for econom y

(1913-14),250 Modderspruit: Churchill and other

prisoners marched to, 113 Moerel (Switzerland): Churchill stays at,

169; Churchill returns to, 181 MohamedAliel-Kebir: sunk (1940), 669 Mohammed V, Turkish Sultan: and the

Dardanelles, 299 Mohmand Valley: Churchill recalls, 91 Mohmands: 'need a lesson' (1897), 76 Mojave Desert (California): Churchill

visits (1929),494 Moliere: Churchill in play by, 15 Molotov, Vyacheslav: at Yalta (1945),

819; and Persia, 865; Churchill's letter to (1953), 910; ChurchiII's telegram to (1954),928

Molyneux, Richard: Churchill offers skin to (1898), 100; his death (1954), 922

Mombasa: Churchill at (1907), 186 Moneypenny, William: his con-

gratulations, 176 Mons: retreat from (1914), 280 Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (of

1917),519 Montague Browne, Anthony: Churchill's

Private Secretary (from 1952), 908, 925,944,947,950,955,957

Montdidier: battle near (1918), 392 Monte Carlo: Churchill 'sick' at his

mother's departure for (1892), 31; Churchill stays at (1945), 860; Churchill's fall at (1963), 35, 957

Monte Cassino: German defence of (1944),770

Monte Rosa (Switzerland): Churchill climbs (1894), 45

Montgomery, General (later Field Marshal Viscount Montgomery of Alamein): in Lille (1918), 399; Churchill impressed by (1940), 666; commands Eighth Army, 726; Churchill visits (1942), 729; and Enigma, 731; attacks German-Italian forces, 732; enters Tobruk, 734; his confidence, 736; Churchill at Tripoli with (1943),739; and the battle for the Mareth Line, 742; with Churchill at Marrakech, 765; Churchill visits, in Normandy (1944), 778; Churchill criticises, 782; Churchill's visit to 0 uly 1944),785; Churchill's visit to (1945), 814; Churchill rebukes, 815; with Churchill at the Rhine (March 1945), 832, 833; and the drive to Berlin (1945), 834; at Potsdam, 850; and German research establishments 0 uly 1945),850

Montreal: Churchill lectures in (1900), 138; ChurchiII speaks in (1929), 493

Montreuil: Churchill at (March 1918), 384; Churchill visits Haig's new headquarters at, 385; Haig withdraws to, 385; Churchill returns to, 396

Montreux Convention (1936): discusssed at Yalta, 822

Moolenacker: Churchill in reserve at (1916),341,342,343


Moran, Lord: Churchill's doctor, 714, 715,717,752,762,763; accompanies Churchill to Cairo and Moscow (1942), 725; and the election defeat (1945), 855; and Churchill's war memoirs, 858; and Churchill's postwar illnesses, 878, 886; Churchill's generosity to, 887; and Churchill's second Premiership, 904, 907; and Churchill's stroke, 913; and Churchill's 'innings', 917; and Churchill's stamina (1954),923

Moravia: Churchill visits, 181, 185 Morel, E.D.: stands against Churchill

(1922),455; elected, 456 Morgenthau Plan: Churchill's reaction to

(1944),793 Moriarty, Louis: encourages Churchill

(1892),32 Morin, Charles: a pseudonym, 431 Morley, John (later Viscount):

Churchill's friendship with, 146, 148; Churchill's appeal to, 158; believes 'nothing can be done' in social sphere, 194: and Churchill's engagement, 198; Churchill's guest( 1912), 245; and the coming of war in 1914, 273

MorningPost: and Churchill's letters from the Sudan (1898), 90; Churchill becomes South Africa correspondent of(l899), 105; and Churchill's maiden speech, 139; and Churchill's 'costly blunder', 286; Churchill at printing presses of (1926), 475; reports Churchill's first speech, 72; payment from (1898), \0 I; Churchill's despatches to, \09; Churchill's Boer War telegrams to, 121-29, 131; protests from (1917), 374; hostility of, 376

Morocco: and the Agadir crisis (1911), 233; need to forestall Germans in (1941),697

Morrison, Herbert: enters Cabinet (May 1940), 643; and the break-up of the Coalition (1945), 845; at Strasbourg, 885; thanks Churchill, 895; 'geniality and venom' of, 906

Morton, Desmond: helps Churchill (from 1933),515,530,535,538,550; encourages Churchill, 575; helps de Gaulle, 663

Moscow: Bolsheviks pressed back to (1918-19), 405; not to be bombed

(1919),415; Eden's mission to (1935), 541; Germans advance towards (1941), 703; Churchill sends Stalin details of assault on, 707; Churchill first visit to (1942), 726; Churchill reaches, 795; Churchill's visit to (October 1944),795; Churchill unwell in, 799; Churchill leaves, 800; a possible summit at (1953), 909, 911, Churchill's proposed visit to (1954), 927,928

Moses: and Churchill, 136 Mosley, Sir Oswald: 651 Mosul (Iraq): to be returned to Turkey

(1920),428 Mount Everest, 469 Mount Sinai: 'glow of (in 1940),672 Mountbatten, Lord: his recollection (of

1913), 249; Chief of Combined Operations (1942), 719; and the Dieppe raid, 729; and cross-Channel plans, 736; 'young, enthusiastic and triphibious', 750; and Churchill future plans (1945),854; sees Churchill about India (1947), 876

Mowatt, Sir Francis: helps Churchill (1901),145,154,164

Moyne, Lord: a cruise with (1934), 532; and Churchill's foreboding (1938), 595; murdered (1944), 803

Mozambique: Churchill's plan to reach, 115

Mr Brodrick'sArmy (Winston S. Churchill): published (1902), 153

Muirhead-Gould, Captain Gerald: and a German fear (1935), 547

Munich: Churchill spends three days in (1932),508

Munich crisis (1938): reflections on, 608; Churchill's criticism after, resented (1948), 880; Churchill fears a repetition of (1948),881

Munitions Council: Churchill sets up (1917), 377; Churchill's warning to, 379

Munitions Office: Churchill's hopes for (1915-16),339,359

Murmansk: British troops at (1919),408, 416

Muslims: in India, 500, 501 Mussolini, Benito: a 'swine', 458;

Churchill meets (1927), 480; and Abyssinia, 544,546; Churchill willing to undertake mission to (1935), 546;

INDEX 1039

and Eden's resignation (1938), 587; and Munich (1938), 597; invades Albania (1939), 612; neutral (1939-40),627; Churchill's appeal to (May 1940), 646; proposes a negotiated peace, 651 ; invades Greece (1940),681; his defeat 'certain' (1941), 697; resigns (1943), 749; seized by German parachutists, 754; and the enthusiasm ofthe Italians, 797; killed (1945),838

Mustafa Kemal: Churchill proposes coming to terms with (1920),428; and the Chanak crisis (1922),452

mustard gas: Churchill's plans for, on the Western Front (1918-19), 390, 394; a 'hamper of, on its way (September 1918), 397; and a 'fiend', 398; Churchill caught in an attack of, 399; to be used in Iraq (1920), 424; not to be sent to China (1927), 480; possible useof(1944),782

My African Journey (Winston S. Churchill): based on articles (1907-8), 188

My Early Life (Winston S. Churchill): in preparation, 482, published (1929), 496

Myers, Major G.P.: sends Churchill information (1936),567

Nagasaki: atom bomb dropped on (1945),857

Nairobi: Churchill visits (1907), 187 Namur (Belgium): fall of (1914),278 Naples: ancient ruins at, 657; bombed

(1940), 681; British troops enter (1943), 755; Churchill at (August 1944), 787; Churchill telegraphs to Clementine from (Christmas 1944), 809; Churchill returns to Britain through, 813

'Napoleonic spirit': Churchill appeals for (1908),195

Napoleon: his 'supreme strategic principle', 242; recalled, 374; Churchill's proposed film script on, 494; Churchill wants to write a life of (1934),532

Narvik: and German iron ore supplies (1939-40), 626, 630, 631, 633, 634; British lay mines at, 635; proposed landing at (1940), 635; battle for, 636, 638; Germans land at, 636; to be

evacuated, 650; occupied by the Allies, 650; evacuation of, 657; troops from, sent to France, 658

Nash's Pall Mall: Churchill's article in (1924), 463; Churchill's earnings from, 494; Churchill's article in (1925),955

Nasrulla Khan: inspects troops at Aldershot, 53

Nasser, Colonel: and the Suez Crisis, 948 Natal: Zulu revolt in, 183 Natal Witness: reports Churchill's bravery

(1899), 112; Churchill denounces vengeance in, 125

'National Minimum': to be established (1907),191

National· Defence Contribution: Churchill opposes (1937),577

National Government: Churchill calls for (1910), 217; no place for Churchill in, 502; formed (1931), 502; Churchill's praise for, 505

National Health Service: to be established (1943),742; Churchill calls for (1945), 847

National Hunt Committee: vindicates Churchill (1896), 66

National Infirmity Insurance: Churchill wishes legislation for (1908),203

National Insurance Scheme: Churchill calls for (1945), 849

National Liberal Club: Churchill speaks at (1908), 190, 350

National Party: Lord Randolph's 'grand ideal' of, 154

National Service Bill (1947), 875 National Tribunal: Churchill offers

(1926),479 National Trust: and Chartwell, 873 national unity: ChurchiII hopes for

emergence of 'truer sense' of (1911), 230

nationalisation: 'nothing immoral in', 848; Churchill's attack on (1950),888

naval defence: the means to avoid war, 198

'Naval Holiday': Churchill's offer of (1912),243,245; Churchill re-iterates call for (1913), 250; Germany rejects (1913),253 Churchill seeks to revive (1914),258; recalled, 523

Naval War Staff: Churchill wants creation of (1911),237; plans for, 239

Navy Estimates (1914-15): Churchill


prepares, 246,253, 255 Nawagai (North-West Frontier):

Churchill rides to, 'pistol in hand' (1897),76

Nazi atrocities: Churchill speaks of (1940),633

Nazi criminals: not to find refuge, 794 Nazi Party: its road to power (1932-33),

507,508, 510; dominance of, 523 Nazi-Soviet Pact (August 1939): genesis

of, 615; signed, 619; activated (September 1939), 626

Nazidom: 'cruelty and intolerance' of (1935), 546; 'brutal intolerance' of, 581; and Bolshevism, 632

Nazism: and the Spanish Civil War, 575 negotiated peace (1939-40): suggested,

625,627; shameful, 632; and 'a spasm of fear', 637; Churchill rebuts, 648; Mussolini proposes, 651; and the 'finest hour', 664

Negus, Sir Victor: and Churchill's deafness, 891

Nehru, Jawaharlal: demands full independence for India, 495; his magnanimity, 885; Churchill encourages, 935

Neisse rivers: dispute over (1945),819, 852,857

Nelson, Horatio: recalled, 374; Churchill visits scene of victory of (1798), 434

Nemon, Oscar: his statue, 945 Neptune: sunk (1941), 710 neutrals: and collective security (1933),

524; and the crocodile (1940), 632; protest, 633; invaded, 636

Neuve Chapelle: Churchill in trenches near (1915),332; Churchill visits front line at (1915), 339

New Hackensack (New York): Churchill flies to (1942),722

New Statesman: and The World Crisis (1923), 458; allegations of, after the General Strike (of 1926),477

New World, the: war to be waged from (1940), 654, 656; and a Nazi-dominated Europe, 661

New York: Churchill's first visit to (1895), 56; Churchill interviewed in (1895), 60; Churchill lectures in (1900),137; Churchill in, on 'Black Tuesday' (1929), 494; Churchill's accident in (1931), 503; Churchill speaks against 'panic and despair' in (1932), 505;

Churchill re-visits (1953),909 New York (cruiser): Churchill visits, 57 New York Stock Exchange: Churchill

visits 'at the worst moment of panic' (1929),494

New York Times: praises Churchill (1946), 869; finds Churchill 'only a shadow' (1954),924

New York World: Churchill interviewed by (1895),60

New Zealand: and Churchill's good fortune (1890), 26; and the Dardanelles (1915), 297; and the Chanak crisis (1922), 451; Churchill inspects troops from (1943), 740

New Zealand troops: and Greece (1941), 691; Churchill visits, in Italy (1944), 790

Newall, Sir Cyril: Chief of the Air Staff, 672

Newcastle: Churchill's call for social change at (1909), 203

Newfoundland: and the Chanak crisis (1922), 451; British air bases in, 650; lease of bases in (1940), 670

Newmarket: 'whole world' agreeable at (1895),52

Newport (South Wales): by-election at (1922),453

News Chronicle: and the call for Ch urchill' s return (1939), 614

News of the World: Churchill writes for (1932), 508; Churchill's articles for, 532

Nicholas, Grand Duke: and the Dardanelles, 30 I

Nicholson, Otho: defeats Churchill (1924),461

Nicolson, Harold: and Churchill's speeches, 566, 590,627,629, 718, 774, 801,802,805,815; and the effect of the Abdication crisis on Churchill, 569; and Czechoslovakia, 596; and Munich (1938), 597; records Churchill's defiance 0 une 1939),615; and Churchill's broadcast (1944),770; and Churchill's return from Yalta, 827

Nicosia (Cyprus): a demonstration in (1907),186

Nikolaiev: bombarded (1914), 288 nitrates: Churchill secures Chilean

production of (1918),395 Nixon, Richard M.: greets Churchill

(1954),927

INDEX 1041

Nobel Prize for Literature: Churchill awarded (1953), 919

Normandy: Churchill crosses to(l2June 1944),778; military success in at Ouly 1944),784; Churchill's second visit to beach-head at Ouly 1944), 785; Churchill's third wartime visit to (August 1944),786

Normandy landings Oune 1944), 777, 781, 782

North Africa: Italian advance in (1940), 677; in Allied hands (May 1943),745

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), 883, 901, 902, its aim, 918

North Russia: British troops in (1919), 405,407,411; and the anti-Bolshevik Russians (1919),412; British troops to withdraw from, 414

North Sea: imminent danger in (1912), 243; Churchill sends First Fleet to (1914),267; plans for, 289, 292-3, 294

North-West Frontier: Churchill seeks action on (1897),72,73,75; Churchill in action on, 76, 77

North-West Manchester: by-election at (1908),194

Northern Ireland: and Churchill's work at the Colonial Office (1921-22), 443, 444, 455; American troops to go to (1942),714

Northern Nigeria: 'odious and disquieting' policy in, 183

Norway: and collective security (1933), 524; and 'submission', 533; and German iron ore supplies (1939-40), 626, 630, 631, 632; protests (1940), 633; and the political crisis (April-May 1940),636,637; and Enigma (1940), 637; Stalin wants a British landing in (1941), 703; ChurchiII urges action against (October 1941),708

Norway Debate (May 1940): Churchill a target in, 638; recalled, 724

Norwegian Campaign (1940): recalled, 690

Norwegians: 'bludgeoned' (1940), 647 Nottinghamjournal: helps (1923), 459 Novorossiisk (South Russia): Denikin

evacuates (1920),421 Noyon: battle near (1918), 392 Nunburnholme, Lord: Churchill's host

(1910),222 Nuremberg: American forces enter

(1945),836

Nurlu (Western Front): Churchill spends night at (March 1918), 384

O'Connor, Terence: encouragement from (1933),521

O'Neill, Ronald: draws blood (1913),250 Oberon, Merle: Churchill amuses (1949),

886 Obseroer: and Churchill's staying on

(1954),933 Ocean: strikes a mine (1915), 304 Oder River: and Poland's post-war

frontiers, 760; Soviet forces reach (1945),822

Odessa: bombarded (1914), 288; French withdraw from (1919), 411; Bolsheviks enter (1920),420

oil: secured (1914), 260; and the power of a would-be aggressor, 895; and the Middle East, 947

Oldham: Churchill asked to stand for (1899), 101, 103; Churchill speaks at (1899), 104; ChurchiII defeated at (1899), 105; ChurchiII's continued efforts at (1899), 106; a mine engineer from, hides Churchill during his escape from the Boers, 119; Churchill's return to (1900), 133; Churchill's election campaign at (1900), 135; ChurchiII elected for (1900),135; Churchill's letter to, about the Boer settlement, 149; ChurchiII unseals 'volcanoes' at, 157; ChurchiII defends Free Trade at (1903), 159; soldiers from (1942),726

Oldham Chronicle: Churchill accused of inconsistency in (1902), 152

Oldham Conservative Association: Churchill accepts offer to stand (1900), 127; Churchill loses confidence of, 160

Oliver, Vic: his marriage to Sarah Churchill (1936), 563; at Chequers (1940),686

Olivier, Laurence, 795 Ollivant, Major Alfred: and the coming

of war in 1914,271 Omdurman: battle of (1898), 92,95,97;

recalled, 122,739,754 Onassis, Aristotle: Churchill's friendship

with, 951, 954,956 Onega (North Russia): mutiny at (1919),

414 Oosthuizen, Field Cornet: ChurchiII


captured by (1899), 112, 114 Orakzais: to be invaded (1897), 75 Oran (Algeria): action at Ouly 1940),666;

becomes a symbol, 667; landing at (1942),733

Orange Free State: Churchill in advance through (1900), 126; responsible government for, 182

Order of Merit, 223; Churchill awarded (1946),862

Orion (British battleship): Churchill visits (1912),245; Churchill on (1945), 816

Ormsby-Gore, William: and the need for 'drastic improvement' (1936),550

Orpen, William: Churchill sits for (1916), 364

Osiris: Churchill sails to IndIa on (1898), 101

Oslo: Germans land at (April 1940), 636; Churchill proposes capture of (August 1940),674

Ostend: Marine Brigade sent to (1914), 279; Germans reach (1914),287

Other Club: founded (1911), 227; Kitchener dines at, 228; a founder-member of, becomes Conservative Leader, 240; and Ulster, 250; and the Munich crisis (1938), 597; Churchill dines at after Anzio (1944), 767; Churchill at, 922, 950, 952, 954; Churchill's last dinner at (1964), 958; Churchill recalled at, 959

Ottawa: Churchill lectures in (1900), 138; Churchill speaks in (1929), 493; (1941), 715; (1952), 902; Churchill's visit to (1954), 928

Ottley, Sir Charles, 236 Ouchy (Switzerland): Churchill nearly

drowns at (1894), 45 Ouvry, Lieutenant-Commander J.G.D.:

and the magnetic mine (1939), 629 Oxford: Churchill lectures in (1900),

137; Churchill speaks in (1901),141; denounces Communism at (1920), 426; speaks about Germany in (1933), 513; speaks about rearmament at (1936),556

Oxford Union: 'King and Country' debate in (1933), 513

Oxford Ur.iversity: and 'polish' for the mind, 55; 'exhuberant spirits' at, 214

Oxfordshire Yeomanry: Churchill in camp with (1909),204

Pacific Ocean: and the European theatre of war, 689; Soviet ships 'welcome' in (1945),822

Paddington: Churchill seeks Parliamentary seat at (1897), 81; Churchill speaks at (1899), 104

Paget, General, and Ulster, 256 painting: Churchill studies (1890), 24;

Churchill's hobby (1915), 322; Churchill embarks on, on the Western Front (1916), 349; in France (1920), 421; in Italy, 425; Churchill's first exhibition of (1921), 431; at the Pyramids (1921), 434; 'for your leisure', 439; at Cannes (1922-23), 457; in Venice (1927), 482; at Lake Louise (1929), 493; at J uan-Ies-Pins (1931), 502; at the Pyramids again (1934),532; near Cannes (1935), 545; at Cap Martin (1937), 574; at Chartwell, 580; near Paris(1939),618; at Marrakech (1943), 738; Churchill 'not strong enough' for (Marrakech, December 1943),765; at Bordaberry (1945),850; at Lake Lugano and Lake Como (1945),858; 'a wonderful cure', 859; at Recco (1945), 859; at Choisi (1946),872; at Marrakech (1947),878; at Marrakech again (1950), 894; in Jamaica (1953), 909; at Cap d'Ail (1953),918; in Syracuse (1955), 940; at La Capponcina (1955), 945; at La Pausa (1956-60),951,952

Pakenham-Walsh, Lieutenant-Colonel R. P. (later General): visits Marlborough's battlefields with Churchill (1932),508; and the 'glow of Mount Sinai', 671

Pakistan: to be created (1947), 876; American military aid to (1954), 922;

and a 'world front against Communist aggression' (1954),926

Palace Theatre (London): and a newsreel film of Churchill at Sidney Street (1911),224

Palestine: Churchill's school essay on, 19; and the Dardanelles, 302; Churchill's search for economies in (1921-22), 431; riots in (1921), 434, 437, 440; Churchill's policy for (1921-22), 435, 438; Churchill visits (1934), 532; possible German advance through (1941), 702; possible battle in, 704; future of (1944), 803; Churchill's hopes for (1945), 825

INDEX 1043

Palestine White Paper (1939): not to be implemented, 803

Pall Mall Magazine: Churchill's article in (1896),64

Pankhurst, Christabel: arrested, 172 Pantelleria Island: Churchill wants

capture of (1940), 686; Churchill watches bombers set off for (1943), 747; captured, 748

Panther (German gunboat): sent to Agadir (1911), 233, 235

paper money: 'disreputable', 57 paratyphoid: Churchill taken ill with

(1932),508 Paris: Churchill's first visit to (in 1883),5;

Churchill visits (1901), 141; Churchill visits (1915), 314; Churchill's wartime missions to (1917-18), 373, 379, 380, 383, 385, 391, 394; Churchill's interwar visits to, 409, 431, 457; Churchill negotiates in (1925), 468; Churchill's speech in (1936), 562; German march on (in 1914) recalled, 618; Churchill's wartime visits to (1939-40), 628, 633, 647; German offensive towards Oune 1940), 656, 657; Germans enter, 661; liberated (August 1944), 790; Churchill's visit, after liberation, 804; Churchill visits Eisenhower's headquarters near (1945),814; Churchill's postwar visits to, 861, 876, 882,900

Park, Air Vice-Marshal: and the Battle of Britain, 676

Parliament: Churchill's intention to stand for (1897), 80; Churchill expected to enter 'as soon as he can' (1898), 101; Churchill fails to enter (1899), 105; Churchill elected to (1900), 135; passim

Parliament Bill (1910): to go ahead, 217; Churchill supports, 222; Churchill helps in behind-the-scenes talks about, 226; Churchill reports progress on, 227

Parliament Square (London): and Churchill's retirement (1955), 935; Churchill's speech in (1956),950

Passchendaele: battle for (1917), 378; battle for, recalled, 680,773

Paterno (Sicily): captured, 750 Pathan tribes: in revolt (1897), 72 patience: the gospel of, 63; 'the only grace

you need', 343; and destiny, 549

Patras (Gulf of Corinth): British troops land at (1944), 795

patriotism: 'shades into cant', 89 'at other peoples' expense', 165

Pavlov, Vladimir: his award, 800, 817 Pax Britannica: violated (1897),75 peace: 'the last prize', 897 Pearl Harbor: Japanese attack on

(December 1941), 711; recalled, 851 Pearman, Violet: Churchill's secretary

(from 1931),501. 509, 532, 557,579, 586; 'standing up to the bully' (1940), 634; and Churchill's generosity, 887

Peck,.(Sir) John: his recollections, 672; and Churchill's homecomingO anuary 1944), 766; has bad news, 794; at Potsdam, 852

Peel, Robert: Home Secretary (1828), 211; recalled, 489

Peel, Sidney: Clementine Hozier engaged to, 191; death of (1938), 607

Peenemunde (Baltic): to be bombed (1943),748; bombed (1943), 751

Pemberton Billing, Noel: by-election success of (1916),354

pensions: Churchill presses for, for widows (1914), 260; Churchill's wider plans for (1924-25), 467, 470, 471

Pentonville Prison: Churchill's visit to (19Il),225

Percival, General: and Singapore, 717 Peronne: Churchill drives through

(1918),384 Persia (Iran): and the Bolsheviks (1920),

421; Churchill secures oil supply in (1914), 261; Anglo-Soviet forces occupy, 706; Soviet pressure on (1945), 815; and the Soviet Union, 865; nationalisation of oil in (1951), 895

personal courage: Churchill's 'ambition' for, 79

Peshawar: Churchill hurries to( 1898), 86 Petain, Marshal: at Beauvais(1918), 388;

and the battle for France (1940), 653, 658, 660; forms Government, 663; Churchill's contact with (December 1940), 685, 687

'Peter the Painter': at Sidney Street, 223 Petra: Churchill visits (1934), 532 Petrograd: and the British Fleet (1919),

417 Pettigo (Ulster): confrontation at (1922),

447


Pharisees: their faults, 19 Philippeville (Algeria): bombarded

(1914),274 Phillips, Admiral Tom: and Oran (1940),

666; drowned (1941), 712 Philppines: Japanese land on (December

1941),714 photographic reconnaissance: and

invasion (1940),681 physical pain: Churchill's 'keen aversion'

to,71 Pietermaritzburg: Churchill takes train

to (1899), 108; Churchill returns to, after his escape, 121

pilots: 'everything turns on' (1936), 560; their task (1940), 663

Pim, Captain: and Churchill's worries (1942),718; accompanies Churchill to Quebec (1943), 750; accompanies Churchill to Algiers, 758; at Yalta, 817; and the liberation of Rangoon, 839; and the surrender of Germany (1945), 839; Churchill thanks, 840; takes Churchill first election results (1945), 855 and Churchill's farewell (1945),856

Piraeus: bombed (1941),695 Pisa: Alexander enters (August 1944),

791 Pitt, William (Pitt the Younger): his

words of 1805 echoed in 1920,424; and Ireland, 442; recalled, 489

Placentia Bay (Newfoundland): Churchill and Roosevelt meet at (1941),705

Plastiras, General: in Athens ( 1944), 808; forms Government, 814

Plato: Churchill reads, 67, 68; trains the 'muscles', 70

Pleven, Rene: and the fall of France, 662 Ploegsteert (Belgium): Churchill in the

trenches at (1916), 345; Churchill leaves, 360; a 'costly excursion', 369; Churchill revisits (1918), 382; recalled,383

Plowden, Pamela: Churchill's friendship with (from 1896),65; Churchill sends account to, of his first attempt to enter Parliament, 104; Churchill's letters to, from South Africa, 122, 123; needs Churchill's 'attention', 129; Churchill meets in Canada, 138; comments on Churchill's character, 174; for subsequent index entries see Lytton, Lady

Plymouth: Churchill speaks at (1900), 134; Churchill visits (1914), 259; bombed (1941),698; Churchill's plane approaches (1942), 716; Churchill speaks at (1951), 897

pneumonia: Churchill struck down by (1943), 741; Churchill again ill with (December 1943), 762; Churchill's further affliction of (August 1944), 791

poetry: Churchill writes (1890), 25 poison gas: and the Bolsheviks, 411 Poisy (near Soissons): Churchill sees

German shells explode at (1914),281 Poland: and Silesia, 182; and the

Bolsheviks (1919), 416; advances into Russia (1919),418; Churchill prepares military support for (1920), 423; 'will ... save Europe', 424; Churchill's advice to (1925), 472; and armaments (1932),507; determined (1932), 510; danger of German conquest of, and the fate of the Jews (1933), 516; Churchill's fear for (1936), 553; and Munich (1938), 599; Churchill fears threat to (1938), 607; British guarantee to (March 1939), 611; and collective security, 613; Churchill's articles no longer to appear in, 614; and the coming of war (1939), 615; and the outbreak of war (September 1939),623; in defeat (October 1939), 627; Nazi atrocities in, 633; frontiers of, discussed (1943-45), 756, 760, 761, 768,795,797,799,801,819,822,852; needed in the 'orchestra of Europe', 760; British aid to, (1944), 768; to be part of a Central European Customs union, 800; at Yalta (1945), 818, 820; after Yalta, 826, 827, 829, 830; arrest offourteen leaders in (1945),833,835, 841, 843, 847; importance of an Anglo-American advance to (April 1945),834; and the iron curtain, 844; at Potsdam, 851; future of (1944-45), 845

Poles: 'bludgeoned' (1940), 647; held down (1941), 693; under Soviet control, 860

Polish Army: and Dalmatia (1943),753 Polish Corridor, 612; and the coming of

war (1939), 615 Polish troops: occupy Narvik (1940),650

and the battle for France (1940), 653

INDEX 1045

politics: 'a fine game to play', 55; and originality, 85; and 'mud-slinging', 170

polo: Churchill plays (from 1895),52,64, 65, 67, 71; limitations of, 66; 'no longer satisfies', 80; Churchill continues to play, 180, 424, 439; Churchill's last game of (1927), 480

Polygon Wood (Ypres Salient): Churchill visits (1918), 382

Pompano (Florida): Churchill recuperates at (1942), 715

Pompeii: ancient ruins at, 657 Pond, Major James: Churchill's lecture

agent (1900), 124, 137,138 Poona (India): Churchill at (1896),63 Poperinghe (Western Front): Churchill

meets his brother at ( 191 7), 378 Popov, Colonel Grigori: in Athens

(1944),808,810,811 Porch, Montagu: marries Churchill's

mother (1918), 391; and Lady Randolph's death, 438

Port Arthur (battle of, 1894): and the coming of war in 1914,269

Port Said: captured (1956), 949 Portal, Jane (Lady Williams of Elvel):

Churchill'ssecretary(from 1950),890, 896,908,912,917,919,923,935

Portal, Sir Charles: Chief of the Air Staff, 681,694

Portland: Churchill's naval enquiries at (1912), 244; First Fleet sails from (1914),268

Portland, 6th Duke of: attacks Lloyd George's budget, 206

Portsmouth: Churchill's visits to (1912), 240; Churchill's visits to (1913), 248

Portuguese East Africa: Churchill reaches border of, and safety (1899), 120

Potsdam: conference at (1945), 844, 848, 850; Churchill returns to England from, 854

Pound, Admiral Sir Dudley: First Sea Lord,624,627,630,657; and Norway (1940),635; his advice, 662; Churchill confides in, 667; his fateful telephone call, 712; and Churchill, 725; resigns, 754; dies, 756

poverty: the 'cruel abyss' of, 200 Poverty, A Study of Tount Life (Seebohm

Rowntree): Churchill influenced by (1901),146

power: and jealousy, 12; 'God for a month of, 341

Pownall, General: works on The Second World War (from 1946),871,906

Prague: Churchill's articles published in (1937), 576; and the Sudeten crisis, 593; Hitler sleeps in (March 1939), 611 ; 'banish despair' (1940),632; Churchill seeks American liberation of (1945), 838; 'in the Soviet sphere' (1946), 866

praise: 'delicious', 82 Pravda: attacks the Fulton speech (1946),

868 Presidency of the Board of Trade:

Churchill accepts (1908), 194 Presidency of the Local Government

Board: Churchill declines (1908), 193

Presidency of the Board of Education: Churchill considered for (1906), 184

Press Association: Churchill speaks to (1952),906

Pretoria: Churchill imprisoned in (1899), 113; Churchill's escape from, 115, 117, 1I8; Churchill advances towards, 127; Churchill enters with the victors (1900),128

preventive detention: Churchill uneasy about, 225

Pride and Prejudice Uane Austen): Churchill reads at Carthage, 763

Primrose League: Churchill's first speech for (1897), 71

Prince of Wales: in pursuit (1941), 698; Churchill's journey to Roosevelt on, 705; at Singapore, 711;sunk, 712

Prinz Eugen: pursued (1941), 698 Pripet Marshes: and the Poles, 799 prison lectures and concerts:

establishment of (1910), 215 prison libraries: establishment of, 212 prison reform: Churchill embarks on

(1910),212; and the perspectiveofthe prisoner, 214; Churchill pursues, 215, 218,219,225

Prisoners' Aid Societies: to be woven together, 215

Production Executive: established (1941),688

profit-sharing: Churchill in favour of (1897), 72; Churchill reiterates need for (1946), 874

profits tax: to replace the rates, 482


Protection: Churchill forecasts future political split over (1895), 54; Churchill's warning of a revival of 'party bitterness' over (1902),147; 'the politics of the future' (1902), 148; 'damned', 152; 'Tory electorate mad for', 158; Churchill attacks, 164; a 'monstrous fallacy', 459; a possible return to (1928), 486; and the Conservative Party, 491

Protestantism: Churchill's preference for, 102

Providence: and the Dardanelles, 305; and the 'plum', 352

Prussian methods: not to be used in Ireland (1920), 422

public life: the 'rival', 199 public opinion: 'prostrate' (1920), 424;

and rearmament, 561 ; and 'One poor wretch,' 572; and Nazism (1937), 581; and 'moral forces', 586; and Munich (1938),600; and the 'impulse to resist', 614

Public schools: 'I do not want to go there again', 34

Pugh, Doreen: Churchill's secretary (from 1955),944,948

Pugh, Dorothy: accompanies Churchill to Quebec (1944),792

Punch: and Churchill's maiden speech (190 I), 139; calls for Churchill's resignation (1954), 922

punishment: and the public mood, 214 Purple machine: sent to Britain Oanuary

1941),689 Purvis, Arthur: in Washington (1940),

655 Pyramids: Churchill paints at (1921),

434; Churchill takes Roosevelt to (1943),759

Quain, Sir Richard: and Lord Randolph's final illness, 48

Quebec: Churchill at (1929),492; second conference at (1944), 787; Churchill leaves England for (September 1944), 792

Quebec Conference (1943): Churchill leaves London for, 750; conclusions of,751

Queen Anne's Drive, Windsor: Churchill rides in (1894),44

Queen Elizabeth (battleship): and the Dardanelles (1915), 295, 296

Queen Elizabeth (ocean liner): Churchill sails in (1946), 862; Churchill sails to New York on (1949), 883; Churchill's voyage on (1954), 928

Queen Mary (ocean liner): Churchill crosses Atlantic on (1943), 744; Churchill again crosses Atlantic on (August 1943), 750; and Churchill's transatlantic journeys (September 1944), 792; Churchill returns to Britain on (1946), 869; Churchill's subsequent voyages on, 884, 900, 909

Quincy (US cruiser): Churchill meets Roosevelt on (1945),825

Rabat: Churchill travels through (1944), 791

Raczynski, Count Edward: and the coming of war (September 1939), 619

radar: success of experiments with (1935), 544; Churchill's help sought over, 558; Churchill urges greater vigour with, 560; and the United States, 669; and the defence of Singapore, 694; and a 'hostile' aircraft, 716; and a commando raid (1942), 718

Radescu, General Nicolae: threatened (1945),830

Radford, Admiral A. w.: Churchill's warning to (1954), 925

radicalism: 'dried-up drain-pipe of, 72; 'ofthe reddest type', 163

railway strike (of 1911): Churchill maintains food supplies during, 231

railways: and the State, 184, 202; Churchill proposes nationalisation of (1918), 404; not to be denationalised (1952),906

Ramsay, Admiral Bertram: brings Churchill information (1937), 578; and the North Africa landings (1942), 733; and the invasion of Sicily (1943), 748; and the cross-Channel landing (1944),775

Ramsgate: Churchill visits defences at (1940),674

Rangoon: evacuation of (1942), 719 British forces enter (1945),839

Rashid Ali: seizes power in Baghdad (1941), 696; prompt action against, 700

rationing: Churchill abolishes (1953), 910

rats: commandeer Churchill's candle

INDEX 1047

while he is in hiding (1899), 119 Rawlinson, General Sir Henry: and

Churchill's mission to Antwerp (1914), 284, 285; at Drury (1918), 386; Churchill visits (1918), 393; launches offensive (August 1918), 393; Churchill on holiday with (1920), 421

Reading (Berkshire): Clementine joins her husband at (1945), 826

Reagan, Ronald: stars (1945), 816 rearmament: and economic restraints

(1933), 513; Churchill seeks acceleration of( 1936), 559; and public opinion, 561 , 565; and the 'focus', 584; and 'moral forces', 586; and collective security, 589; and the aftermath of Munich (1938), 604; and back-bench MPs, 605; and Churchill's 'wise counsel', 607; after Munich (1938), 607; delays in (1938-39), 609

Red Sea: Churchill's work during voyage through (1907), 186

refugees: Churchill's heart 'saddened' by (1945),816

Remagen: American troops cross Rhine at (March 1945), 830

Remarque, Erich: Churchill reads book by, 918

Renoum: Churchill returns to Britain on (1943), 754; Churchill travels to Algiers on (November 1943),758

reparations: in prospect (1940), 627; discussed at Yalta, 818, 821, 822

repatriation: Churchill scandalised by (1919),412; Churchill rejects use of force during (1945), 853

reprisals: Churchill opposes (1940),680; Churchill opposes (1944),803

Repulse: at Singapore (1941), 711; sunk, 712

resignation: Churchill contemplat~s (1920), 426; Churchill agam contemplates (1921), 434; and the proposed campaign in Italy (1943-44), 757; Churchill contemplates (1951-55),917,925,928; resignation demands (1952-55), 904, 906, 919, 922,923,925,926,931

Resolution: hit (1940),678 responsibility: an 'exhilaratingdrink', 68;

of Ministers, 512, 525, 526, 565; 'glad not to have', 532; not to be grasped, 596; and back-bench MPs, 605

retirement: reflections on (1955), 945

Reuter: announces Churchill's escape from the Boers, 119

Reves, Emery: helps Churchill, 576; his warning, 614; and The Second World War, 864, 873, 878; Churchill's host, 946

Reves, Wendy: at La Pausa, 946, 954 Reynaud, Paul: Churchill confides in

(1938),600; Churchill visits Oanuary 1939),607; and the battle for France (1940),649,652,653,657; at Tours, 659; resigns, 663

Rheims: Churchill visits (1940), 631; Churchill visits Eisenhower at (1944), 805; Germans sign surrender at (May 1945),839

rhetoric: Churchill'sarticleon (1897),81; and survival (1940), 664

Rhine: Churchill's plan to mine (1939-40), 629, 657; British and Canadians reach (1945), 822; Americans cross (March 1945), 830; Churchill crosses (March 1945), 832

Rhineland: German remilitarisation of (1936), 551; bombed, 702; remilitarisation of, recalled, 861

rhinoceros: an encounter with (1907), 187; and London (1945), 843

Rhodes: Churchill wants capture of (1943),755,759

Rhondda Valley: strikes and riots m (1910),219

Rhone Valley: proposed campaign in (1944),781

Rice, Lieutenant-Commander Arthur: killed,259

Richard/II (Shakespeare), 795 Richards, A.H., 595; and the 'Defence of

Freedom and Peace' movement, 564; and Churchill's exertions (1938), 607

Richardson, Ralph, 795 riches: 'valued more and more', 170 Richmond, Captain Herbert: and

Admiral Fisher, 296 Rickmansworth: mock battle at (1888),

19 Riddell, Sir George: and Churchill's

departure from the Admiralty (1915), 319; and Churchill's war memoirs (1920), 419; and Churchill's singing, 428

Riga: Soviet forces enter (1944),798 rights of the individual: to be 'exalted',

790


Ripon Falls: Churchill foresees dam at (1907),188

Rishon-Ie-Zion (Palestine): Churchill visits (1921), 436

Ritz Hotel (London): Churchill stays at, 457; Churchill's sixtieth birthday party at, 538

Ritz Hotel (Paris): Churchill at, 379, 386 Roberts, Cecil: his help (1923),459 Roberts, Frank: his Victory Day telegram

(1945),841 Roberts, Field Marshal Lord: his hostility

overcome (1900), 126; receives Churchill, 128; enters Pretoria, 129; British troops march past, after Diamond Hill, 130; accepts Churchill's advocacy, 150

Roberts, Trooper Charles: saves Churchill's life (1900), 127

Robertson, General: protests (1917),377 Robey, George, 387 Robinson, Geoffrey: and the coming of

war in 1914,275 Robinson, Sir Arthur: and Defence

deficiencies, 578 rocket bombs: in prospect (1943), 748,

754,770 in existence (1944),784 Rodney, Lady: Churchill confides in, 23 Rolls, C.S., 202 Roman Catholicism: Churchill's re

flections on, 102 Roman Empire: recalled, 862 Romans: and Palestine, 19; Churchill

'entangled' with (1938),593 Rome: Churchill takes passage to Indiaon

(1897),72 Rome: Churchill visits (1927), 480;

Churchill willing to undertake mission to (1935), 546; Churchill wants bombing of (1940), 681; Churchill's desire to advance to (1943), 749; Germans occupy (September 1943), 753; Churchill's hopes for a follow-up from (1944), 772; captured Oune 1944), 775; Churchill in (August 1944),789

Rommel, General Erwin: reaches Tripoli, 690; in the Western Desert, 695, 696, 698,699; in action, 709; in the Western Desert, 721, 722, 723, 726; and Enigma, 732; and Montgomery, 736; his suicide, 785

Roose, Dr Robson: and Churchill's health, 6, 9,10; and a knife-wound, 7;

and Lord Randolph's worsening health, 44; and Lord Randolph's final illness, 47

Roosevelt, President Franklin D.: Churchill's admiration of (1933),522; Churchill praises (1934), 524; Churchill's messages to (1939-40), 630; and British action off Norway (December 1939), 630; and the first year of Churchill's Premiership, 646; and aid to Britain (1940), 648, 655, 669, 670; and the fall of France, 660, re-e1ected (1940), 682; and Taranto, 683; and the London Blitz, 686; his emissary (1941),687; and Lend-Lease, 688; Churchill's broadcast message to (February 1941), 690; a second emissary from (1941), 692; his continued help to Britain, 696; Churchill's warning to, about Egypt, 697; meets Churchill off Newfoundland (1941),705; 'our great friend', 706; not aware of the 'risk' of neutrality, 706; and Siam, 710; and Pearl Harbor, 711; unable to see Churchill, 711; Churchill visit to (December 1941), 713; and the problems of a cross-Channel landing (1942), 719; and the Arctic convoys, 720; and Churchill's second wartime visit to the United States Oune 1942), 722; and thefallofTobruk, 723; meets Churchill at Casablanca (1943), 737; and a limited second front (1942),725; and China, 745; strategic decisions of (May 1943),745; and the atom bomb, 746; and Burma, 751; and Rhodes, 755; a'nd the proposed campaign in Italy (1943-44), 758; at Teheran (December 1943), 760; and Anzio, 764; and the Adriatic plan Oune 1944),780; declines to meet Churchill and Stalin in Scotland (1944), 784; and the Warsaw uprising, 791; a special request to, 792; contrasted with Churchill, 793; and Yalta, 814; at Malta (1945),816; at Yalta, 817; and Poland, 818; and war criminals, 821; Churchill's last meeting with, 825; Churchill appeals to, on Poland, 831; his friendship a 'rock', 831; dies, 835; Churchill's tribute to, 836; recalled, 896

Roosevelt, Theodore: Churchill meets

INDEX 1049

(1900),138; Churchill's proposal for, 389

Rosebery, 5th Earl of: Churchill meets (1893), 36; sees Lord Randolph off, 44; defeated (1895), 54; and Free Trade, 66; urges Churchill to take elocution lessons, 135; Churchill's friendship with, 144; invitations from, 147; Churchill outlines schemes to, 150; Churchill encourages intervention of, 150; and Tory Democracy, 151; Churchill's closeness to, 153; praises Churchill's life of his father, 175; Churchill's article on, 581

Rosehall (Scotland): Churchill recuperates at (1928),485

roses: beauty of, at Bangalore, 67 Rotherhithe: Churchill speaks at (1898),

101 Rothschild, Lionel: Churchill's host, 181 Rothschild, Lord: Churchill the guest of,

41,61; Churchill seeks help from, 71 Rothschilds, the: and a possible business

career for Churchill, 32 Roumania: and the Dardanelles (1915),

294; and the Bolsheviks (1918), 389; determined (1932), 510; Churchill's fear for (1936), 554; and Munich (1938), 599; and collective security, 613; Churchill's articles no longer to appear in, 614; British guarantee to (1939), 617; 'might fall into our hands', 761; abandons Germany (1944), 792; future of (1944), 796; future of (1944-45), 804; Soviet intimidation in (1945), 828, 829, 830

Roumanians: slaves (1945),824 Rowley, Squadron Leader Herbert: visits

Churchill (1936),564 Royal Academy Dinner (London):

Churchill speaks at, about naval policy (1912), 245; Churchill's humour at (1932),505

Royal Air Force: Churchill wants responsibility for (1919), 404; Churchill in ministerial charge of (1919-21), 405, 413; and the importance of training (1922), 442; Churchill's policy for (from 1932), 510,513,525,526,527,530,532,535, 536,537,541,560,564,567,572,574, 599

Royal Commission on the Dardanelles: Churchill's evidence to, 363

Royal Horse Artillery: at Sidney Street, 224

Royal Marines: and the Agadir crisis (1911), 234; Churchill's advice to (1914),282; and the Dardanelles, 301; sent to Falkland Islands (1952),904

Royal Naval Air Service: Churchill establishes (1911), 240; Churchill's efforts for, 253, in action near Dunkirk (1914),280; and the bombing of Germany (1914), 287

Royal Naval Division: established (1914), 278 and Antwerp, 283, 285; and the Dardanelles, 299; and Gallipoli, 311, 312,322

Royal Navy: and the 'command of the sea' (1896),67; to be 'mighty', 69; and the Dreadnought controversy, 20 I; developments in (1911-14), 241; and the Ulster crisis (1914), 256; Churchill secures oil for (1914),261; Churchill's plans for (1917), 373; strength of, to be maintained (1922), 442; and Abyssinia, 544; and the submarine war (1939), 627; wins victory offMatapan (1941),693; losses of, off Crete (1941),699

Royal Oak: sunk (1939), 628 Royal Opera House (London): Churchill

speaks at (1914),280 Royal Scotsman: Churchill on board

(1944),788 Royal West Kents: on North-West

Frontier (1897), 78 Rugby: Churchill plays polo at (1920),

424; bad news recieved at (1944),794 Ruggles-Brise, Sir Evelyn: and solitary

confinement, 212 Ruhr: Churchill's plan for a raid on

(1940), 670; bombed (1941), 702; cities of, and mustard gas, 782; to be put 'out of action', 800; Allied advance through (April 1945), 835; Stalin wants coal from, 854

Rumbold, Sir Horace: and the Chanak crisis (1922), 453; and Hitler, 553

Runciman, Walter: Churchill sends railway-building scheme to, 190; 'smug', 251; and Czechoslovakia, 593

Russia: 'bound to get' Constantinople (1896),68; never acts 'disinterestedly', 69; calls for war against (1898), 89; recovering (in 1912) from her 1905 defeat by Japan, 242; and the coming


of war (1914), 261, 263, 265, 270; appeals to Britain (December 1914), 290; a further appeal from (January 1915),291; and the Dardanelles, 293, 294; revolution in (1917), 381; the intellect of, 'drawn towards' the Allied democracies, 390; British troops in (1918-20), 405; to be 'saved by Russians', 410; Churchill plans mission to (1919), 417; and the future of Poland (1925), 472; for subsequent index entries see Soviet Union

Russian Army Corps: not to be financed (1919),418

Russian people: Stalin's criticsm of, 852 Russians: sufferings of, understood, 880

Saar: to be put 'out of action' (1944), 800; Churchill appeals to France for moderation over (1953),921

Sackville-West, Vita: shivers down spine of (1940), 656

Saddleworth (Yorkshire): Churchill's speech at (1901),145

Safety First: the 'road to ruin', 682; a 'stately hymn', 708

Saki (Crimea): Churchill's speech at (1945),824

Sakkara (Egypt): Churchill sketches at (1921),434

Salerno: landing at (1943),753 Salisbury Plain: Churchill at Army

manoeuvres on (1910), 218 Salisbury, 3rd Marquess of: becomes

Prime Minister, 8; forms second administration, 11; and Lord Randolph Churchill's resignation, 12; defeated (1892), 32; becomes Prime Minister again (1895), 54; supports Turks against Greeks, 68; Churchill's meeting with, 89; agrees to The River War dedication, 105; and Churchill's 'splendid fight' at Oldham (1899),105; and Churchill's biography of his father, 150; succeeded as Prime Minister by his nephew (1902), 150; and Tory Democracy, 151

Salisbury, 4th Marquess of: leads Defence Deputation (1936), 567; and the German attack in the West(May 1940), 641

Salisbury, 5th Marquess of: and Burma, 885; and Churchill's second Premiership, 906; opposes Churchill's

telegram to Molotov, 929; and Churchill's resignation, 937

Salonica: Lloyd George's plan for (1914-15),291,292,295; troops to be sent to( 1915), 297; Churchill proposes use of troops 'idle' at (1917), 375; German forces enter (1941),696

Salzburg: Churchill recuperates In

(1932),508 Samuel, Sir Herbert: in Palestine, 432;

mocks Churchill's call for rearmament (1934), 525, 530, 531; his mockery recalled, 542, 606

San Francisco: Churchill visits (1929), 493

San Simeon (California): Churchill visits (1929),493

sanctions: Churchill supports (1935), 544; and Italy, 545; spurned (1935), 548; Churchill opposes (1936),553

Sandhurst, Royal Military Academy: Churchill prepares for (1889), 22; Churchill fails examinations for, 32, 33; Churchill looking forward to, 37; Churchill passes into (1893), 37; the fate of Churchill's friends from, 41; Churchill gets influenza at, 42; Churchill passes first examination at, 42; an incident at, 43; Churchill's riding success at, 47; contrasted with West Point, 57; Churchill accused of immorality at, 61; Churchill writes about, 64; Churchill takes up case of cadets sent down from (1902), 149

Sandown (Isle of Wight): Churchill visits (1882),3

Sandys, Duncan: marries Diana Churchill, 497; and rocket bombs, 748; defeated (1945),855; re-e1ected (1950),889

Sandys, Edwina: born (1938),607 Sarajevo (Bosnia): assassination In

(1914),261 Sardinia: a possible priority (1943), 746;

occupied by Allies (1943), 755 Sargent, Orme: helps Churchill (1934),

533 Sassoon, Sir Philip: Churchill a guest of,

419,428; and British air policy, 511, 513

Saturday Review: Churchill's article in (1896),62

Savory, Albert: Churchill's friendship with,103

INDEX 1051

Savoy Hotel, (London): Other Club dines at (from 1911),227

Savrola (Winston S. Churchill): in preparation (1897), 72; Churchill writes, 81, 87, to be serialised, 101; published (1900), 124

Scadding, Professor John: and Churchill's heart (1943),763

Scapa Flow: Churchill visits (September 1939), 626; Churchill returns to (October 1939), 628; Churchill's advice concerning (October 1939), 628

Scarborough: Churchill speaks at (1952), 908

Schleicher, General: insists on Germany's right to rearm (1932), 509, murdered (1934),529

Schuschnigg, Kurt von: resigns, 588 Schwab, Charles, 493 Scobie, General: Churchill's instructions

to (1944),807; takes action, 808; and Churchill's miSSIOn to Athens (Christmas 1944), 809; in Athens (1945),825

Scotland: fear of a Sinn Fein attack on Churchill in (1920), 427; Churchill on holiday in (1927),482; a possible Big Three conference at (1944),784

Scots: Churchill an admirer of, 340 'formidable', 360

Scots Guards: at Sidney Street (19Il), 223

Scott, C.P.: seeks a Fisher-Churchill reconciliation, 351; 'keep in touch with', 355; his advice (1916), 357; Churchill confides in (1917), 371

Scott, Captain Percy: forecasts Churchill will be Prime Minister (1900), 125

Scott, Colonel Jack: Churchill's flying instructor (1919), 413

Scrivings, George, 185; dies, 189; Churchill's concern for wife and children of, 189

Scrymgeour, Edwin: stands against Churchill, 455; elected (1922), 456

Scrymgeour-Wedderburn, James: at Chartwell (1928),486

seajourneys: 'necessary evils', 56 Seal, Eric: at Chequers (1941), 689 and

an air raid, 692 Sebastopol: bombarded (1914), 288;

Churchill at (1945), 824 Second Front: sought (1941), 703;

sought (1942), 719 secrecy: Churchill proposes

'abandonment' of (1914),258 Secret Session: Churchill speaks in

(1916), 360; Lloyd George accepts Churchill's request for (1917), 372; Churchill proposes (1935), 543; Churchill again asks for (1936), 559; held Uune 1940), 664; held (April 1942), 720; Churchill calls for (1950), 891

Secret Session Speeches (Winston S. Churchill): to be published (1946),863

Secunderabad: Churchill meets Pamela Plowden at (1896), 65

Security Council: establishment of (1945),818

Selborne, 2nd Earl of: and Chinese labour, 179; and native grievances, 182

Semon, Felix: and Churchill's speech defect, 65; and a possible operation, 173

Senegalese troops: at Gallipoli, 311 Serbia: and the coming of war (1914),

261,264; and the Dardanelles, 290 Service Departments: and Defence

deficiencies, 521, 538; and air policy, 535

Seydlitz (German battle-cruiser): 'superior' (1912), 247

Seymour, Horatia: a lifelong Liberal, 849 Shadow Armaments Industry: Cabinet

rejects (1936), 550 Shadow Cabinet: meetings (1945-51),

861 Shakespeare, Geoffrey: 'I thought his

career was over' (1922), 457 Shakespeare, William: Churchill

learning lines from ( 1889), 21 Shangri-La (Maryland): Churchill and

Roosevelt at (May 1943), 745 Sheean, Vincent: his recollections (of

1935),545 Sheerness: Churchill flies in an airship

from (1913), 251 Sheffield: cutlery of, 60; Churchill speaks

at (1910),222; troops sent to (19Il), 231; a potential target (1934), 536; Churchill speaks at (1938),592

Sherborne School: and corporate punishment, 149

Sheridan, Captain William: killed in action (1915), 327


Sheridan, Clare: Churchill's cousin, 327 shipping losses (1939-45),680, 704, 724,

728, 735 Shock, Maurice: helps Churchill in

retirement, 949 Shoeburyness: and the magnetic mine

(1939),629 Shops Bill (1911): emasculated, 226 Shore, Captain: and reprisals in Ireland

(1920),425 Shuckburgh, Sir Evelyn: and Churchill's

second Premiership, 908, 909, 925 Shukri Qwatli: Churchill meets (1945),

825 Siam: Japanese threat to (November

1941), 710; Japanese landing on (December 1941),711

Sibenik (Dalmatia): and Tito, 806 Siberia: Churchill's poem about Russian

exiles in (1890), 25; British troops in (1919),405; and the anti-Bolshevik Russians (1919), 408, 412; British troops to withdraw from, 414; British troops to leave (1919), 416; and the pros pect of atomic war, 912

Sicily: Churchill visits (1913), 249; Churchill urges action against (October 1941), 708; proposed landing at (1943), 738, 743; and the Pacific theatre, 744; Anglo-American crisis over, 746; invasion of, 748; Allied conquest of, 751; Churchill's holiday in (1955),940

Sidney Street: siege of (1911), 223,224, 225; recalled, 229, 233, 419

Siegfried Line: Churchill visits positions opposite ( 1939),618;and theoutbreak of war (September 1939), 624; breached (1945), 821; Churchill visits (1945),829

Sikhs: on the North-West Frontier (1897),76

Silesia: Churchill watches German Army manoeuvres at (1906), 181; 'well worth fighting for', 182; and Poland, 756

Simba: a hunting expedition from (1907),187

Simon Note (1932): opposes German rearmament, 509

Simon Report (1933): and Churchill's opposition over India, 516; Churchill's support for, 538

Simon, Sir John: advocates disarmament (1932), 506; and German

rearmament, 510; and India, 516; and the direction of 'a German menace', 527; spurned by Hitler (1935), 540; received by Hitler, 542; and the cost of reserves, 586; demands an ultimatum (September 1939),620

Simonstown (South Africa): British gold at (1940), 687

Simovic, General: Churchill seeks to help (1941),695

Simpson, General W. H.: his wise caution (March 1945).832

Simpson, Wallis: and the Abdication crisis, 568

Sinai Desert: war in (1956),949 Sinclair, Sir Archibald (later Viscount

Thurso): Churchill confides in (1915), 324, 369; Churchill's second-in-command (1916), 340; his encouragement, 360; opposes rearmament (1934), 526; his condolences. 529; and the Abdication crisis, 569; and Czechoslovakia, 596; and Munich (1938), 598; protests at adjournment (August 1939),617; and the political crisis (April-May 1940), 641; enters Cabinet (May 1940),645; Secretary of State for Air (1940-45), 657; on the Defence Committee, 673; Churchill's friendship with, 849; at Chartwell (1949),888; and Churchill's vitality (1954), 922

Singapore: Germans wantJapan to attack (March 1941), 693; Churchill's concern with defence of (April 1941), 694; attack on, 712; defence of, 716, surrender of, 717,718,720; battle for, 717

Sinn Fein: refuse to take seats at Westminster (1918),404; acts ofterror by (1920), 422; Churchill's advice to, 425; reprisals against, 425; Churchill's policy towards, 426; Churchill supports truce with (1921), 440; Churchill advises waiving death penalty for, 441; Churchill among negotiators with, 441

Sitwell, Osbert: apologises (1935), 546 Sixth Royal Scots Fusiliers: Churchill

commands (1916), 340, 341, 342, 343, 345,347,349; Churchill leaves (1916), 360

Skipwith, Captain: Churchill sees things 'with his own eyes' (1900), 124

INDEX 1053

slander: 'difficult to overtake', 959 slavery: a 'terminological inexactitude',

178 Slovakia: independent (1939),611 Smethurst, Samuel: Churchill confides in

(1902),150,151,162 Smillie, Bob: Churchill's work with, 196 Smith, F.E. (later Earl of Birkenhead):

Churchill's friendship with (from 1906), 185, 198,227,318,334,339, 346, and Ulster, 250; urges Churchill to give up learning to fly, 253; and the coming of war in 1914,269,270; and the political crisis of December 1916, 368; with Churchill on armistice night (1918),402; his friendship, 426; and India, 488; dies (1929), 496; his dictum recalled, 511

Smolensk: Soviet forces liberate (1943), 755

Smuts, General: his encouragement, 690; Churchill confides his fears to (1943),753

Smyrna: Churchill's expedition from (1910), 218; Greeks driven back to (1922),450

Snowden, Ethel: and Churchill's character, 887

Snowden, Philip: and the Gold Standard, 469,470; and 'election bribery', 489; and the financial crisis of 1931, 502

Soames, Christopher: marries Mary Churchill (1947), 875; enters Parliament (1950), 889; and Churchill's continuing search for a summit (1953-55), 920; Churchill speaks for, 943

Soames,Jeremy: christened, 907 social reform: Churchill's appeal for

(1900), 124; and the 'true happiness' of nations, 172; Churchill's philosophy of, 183; Churchill stresses need for (1907), 188; Churchill immersed in (1925), 470

social security: plans for (1945), 845 Socialism: and the Conservative Party,

462; Churchill warns of perils of (1945), 846; Churchill's further warnings (1947),878; 'the community in bonds' (Lloyd George), 889; contrasted with Conservatism, 897

'socialistic': a Churchill comment criticised as, 226

Sofia: 'in the Soviet sphere' (1946), 866

Soissons: Churchill watches artillery in action at (1914),281

soldiering: 'not my metier', 55 soldiers: and 'pseudo-soldiers', 205 solitary confinement: reform of, 212 Solomon Islands: Japanese land on

(1942),720 Somervell, Robert: an inspiring teacher

(1889),24 Somerville, Admiral: opens fire (1940),

667 Somme: battle of (1916),362, Members

of Parliament serve at, 369; recalled, 370,773

South Africa: Churchill leaves for (1899), 106; Churchill offers to withdraw altogether from, 114; Churchill leaves, 131; Churchill's search for a settlement in, 176; and the native franchise, 182; Churchill inspects troops from (1918), 384

South Africa Medal, 62 South African Light Horse: Churchill

accepts commission in (1900), 121 South African War: many of Churchill's

friends killed in, 42 South Russia: British troops in (1919),

405, 410; and the anti-Bolshevik Russians (1919),408; possible landing at (1943), 733; proposed landing in (1944),751,780, landing on (1944), 787

South Wales: troops sent to, then de-trained (1910), 219; bombed (1940),668

Southampton: Churchill leaves for South Africa from (1899), 106; Churchill returns to (1900),133; Churchill to sail from (1940), 662; Churchill watches cross-Channel preparations at (1944), 775

Southport: electors of, seek Churchill as their candidate (1900), 122

Soviet Union: Churchill prepared 'to make peace with' (1920), 420; and a British peace initiative (1920), 421; incitement by (1920), 426 Churchill speaks against loan to ( 1924),462; fear of a 'ferocious deluge' from, 507; wants to be 'left alone' (1935), 541; to be a 'friend' of a United Europe, pact with France (1935),543; and collective security, 553, a potential ally, 554; and Czechoslovakia (1938),594; call for an


Alliance with (1939),614; negotiations with (1939), 614; not 'gained' for the Allies, 617; advances into Poland (September 1939), 626; invades Finland (November 1939), 630; and Anglo-French help for Finland (1940),633; signs peace with Finland (March 1940), 635; invaded by Germany (J une 1941),701; British aid to (1941-45),704; American aid for, 705; occupies northern Persia, 706; battles in (November-December 1941), 709; convoys to, 720; and the post-war world, 731; Churchill's fears of European domination by, 743; convoys to, resumed, 755; political pressure from (1943-45), 756; and the postwar world, 768; and the campaign in Italy (1944),771; and Roumania, 772; and Greece, 773; and Poland, 784,785,837; Churchill's fear of, 826, 832,835: Britain might go 'to the verge of war with' (1945), 828; and Yugoslavia, 835: Churchill's support for (since 1941), 835; and Denmark (1945),839; a Victory Day complaint from, 841; a possible 'understanding' with,844; continued demand for bases by, 860; and an Anglo-American alliance, 861; and the mission of the Missouri (1946), 865; Churchill's words of welcome to (1946),866; need for a 'settlement' with (1946), 866; leaves Persia, 869; Churchill calls for an understanding with (1946-51),872, 879, 881, 884; restraints on, 874; Churchill's advice to (1948), 882; peace with, through 'superior force', 883; Churchill critical of machine-tool sales to (1950), 892; and oil, 895; Churchill's call for an underst'>_!lding with (1946-51), 899; to be told the 'true facts', 903; a warning signal to, 904; Churchill seeks talks with (1952-55), 909, 910, 911, 912, 915, 918,920,921,922,923,924,925,926, 931, 932, 934, 936, 937: and the prospect of atomic war, 912; possesses atom bomb (1953), 916; discussed at Bermuda (1953), 920; a 'provocative gesture' to (1954), 922; the first postwar summit with (1955),944; and the Suez Crisis (1956), 948; and the first satellite (1957),952

Soyer Farm: Churchill's reserve billet at (1916),348,350,355

Spain: and Cuba (1895), 58; and the Agadir crisis (1911), 234; 'spectators' in (1940), 664

Spanish Armada (1688): recalled, 778 Spanish Red Cross (military decoration):

Churchill receives (1895),60 Spanish troops: and the 'art of retreat', 60 Spears, Captain Edward Louis: Churchill

befriends (1915), 335; Churchill confides in, 339; campaigns at Dundee (1922), 455; Churchill confides in (1922), 457; accompanies Churchill (August 1939), 618; and the fall of France (1940), 654; with Churchill (1940), 658; at Tours, 660; and de Gaulle, 766

Special Operations Executive (S.o.E.): established (1940), 668; in Belgrade (1941),693

Spectator: finds Churchill's criticism of the judges 'deeply deplorable', 228; and the effect of the Abdication crisis on Churchill,569

Spencer, I st Earl: Churchill's ancestor, I Spender,J .A.: Churchill stresses need for

social reform to, 188 Spier, Eugen: his recollection (of 1937),

578 Spion Kop, battle of (1900): 'terrible'

scenes on, 122 Spithead: Churchill visits (1912), 246 Split (Dalmatia): and Tito, 806 St Andrews: lectures at (1901), 144 St George's School, Ascot (1882-84):

Churchill boards at, 3, 5, 6 St Helena, 296 St Margaret's Bay (Kent): a brief respite

at (1918),396 St Margaret's, Westminster: Churchill

married at (1908), 200 St Nazaire: Lancastriasunk at (1940),663;

Germans hold (September 1944),792 St Orner: Churchill's visits to (1915-18),

331,334,335,336,337,341,346,373, 378

St Paul's Cathedral: Churchill's funeral at (1965),958

St Valery-en-Caux: British driven back to (1940),657,659

Stalin, Joseph: Churchill sends secret information to (from April 1941),695, 699, 702; Churchill promises aid to

INDEX 1055

o uly 1941),703; seeks British military diversions, 703; and British aid to Russia, 704; Arctic convoys to, 708; Churchill's offer oftroops to, 709; and the Baltic States, 715; Churchill's proposed visit to, 719; Churchill's first visit to(1942), 725; and the suspension of Arctic convoys, 725; Churchill sends secret information to (from April 1942), 733; 'wooed', 743; rumoured to be in Canada (1943). 750; to be invited to Britain (1943), 752; and the proposed campaign in Italy (1943-44). 758; at Teheran (December 1943).760; his assurance on Poland (February 1944), 768; Churchill's warning to, about Poland. 769; and the Anglo-American Adriatic dispute Oune 1944), 781; Churchill appeals to, to help the Warsaw uprising. 785, 787; Churchill's visit to (October 1944), 795; and the Italian people, 797; Churchill upholds agreement with, 804; and Greece. 805, 808, his 'thrilling' message, 815; at Yalta, 817; promises free elections for Poles (1945),820; and war criminals, 821; Churchill's musical rebuke to, 822; and Japan, 822; and the Western democracies, 826; and Poland. 826; Churchill's impression of, 827; and Roumania, 830; and the Anglo-American drive to Berlin (1945), 834; Churchill's protest and appeal to (April 1945), 835; Churchill's final appeal to (April 1945), 837; and Victory in Europe (1945),840; and the atom bomb, 851; a cigar smoker, 851; Churchill dines alone with, 852; 'againstSovietisation', 852; and a possible atomic 'show-down' with, 857; attacks Churchill in Pravda (1946), 868; Churchill wants a Big Three meeting with 0 anuary 1953), 909; dies (March 1953),910

Stalingrad: battle for (1942), 735; Germans surrender at (1943),739

Standard: sold to a Protectionist. 170 Standing Court of Arbitration: Churchill

seeks to establish (1908), 199 Stanley. Oliver: and the German attack in

the West (May 1940).641

Stanley , Venetia, 271; and the political crisIs of May 1915, 316; Churchill dines with (May 1945),838

Stanmore: Churchill follows course of air battle at (August 1940),671

Star: an anti-Churchill cartoon in (1919), 419; and Churchill's defence of democracy (1936),563; its praise, 590; and the call for Churchill's return Oune 1939),616

State action: and social amelioration, 202 State aid: the ambulances of, 471 State enterprise: and free enterprise, 742 States Model School, Pretoria: Churchill

imprisoned in (1899),113 steeplechasing: Churchill's accident at

(1895). 51; scandal at, 52 stenographer: Churchill's first use of

(1899),104 Step by Step (Winston S. Churchill):

published (1939),615 Stern Gang: and the murder of Lord

Moyne (1944), 804 Stettin (Pomerania): to become part of

Poland,852 Stevenson, Frances: and Churchill's

portrait by Orpen, 364; and Churchill's return to office (1917), 373; and a 'madman'. 419; and the )oke of the moment' (1921),436; and Churchill's air speech (November 1934),537

Stevenson, Robert Louis, 6 Stimson, Henry: and the atom bomb

(1945),850,853 Stockholm: a possible summit in (from

1953),909,927,929 Stockport: Churchill campaigns for

Balfour at (1900), 136 Stockton-on-Tees: Churchill stays at

(1901),145 Straelen (Germany): Churchill stays at

(March 1945),831 Strait of Messina: Allies cross (1943),752 Strand (London): a poster in (August

1939),618 Strand Magazine: Churchill's articles to

(1907), 188; Churchill's article on Hitler in (1935), 546

Strang, Sir William: at Chartwell, 915 Stranraer (Scotland): Churchill leaves,

for Washington (1942), 722 Strasbourg: Churchill visits (1909). 207;

Churchill speaks in (1949), 885;


Churchill speaks in (1950),891 Stuart, Captain William: in Yugoslavia

(1943),739 Stuart, James: and Churchill's second

Premiership, 906 Stumme, General: at Alamein, 732 Sturdee, Jo (Lady Onslow): Churchill's

secretary, 871 Subasic, Dr: and the future of Yugoslavia

(1944-45), 787; and the future of Yugoslavia, 815

Sudan: Churchill hopes to see action in (1898),88,89

Sudeten Germans: autonomy for, 592; incited,593

Sudetenland: a Nazi-type movement in (1935),543

Suez Canal: troop withdrawals to (1929), 491; Germans drop mines in (1941), 691; possible German advance to (1941), 702; and Israel (1951), 895; and Churchill's second Premiership, 90 I; crisis over, 917; and the United States, 921; and the hydrogen bomb, 930; Suez Crisis (1956),946,948,949, 953

suffragettes, 172; in action, 210; and the battle of Downing Street (1910), 221 ; Churchill protests at 'insults' from, 222

Sumatra: Churchill wants landing on (1943),745,751

summit: Churchill calls for (from 1950), 889,892,893

Sunday Graphic: and the call for Churchill's return 0 uly 1939),616

Sunday Pictorial: Churchill's articles in (1916-17),364,367,371; and the call for Churchill's return (1939),613

Sunday Times: a warning from (1917), 373; and Churchill's hydrogen bomb speech (1955),936

Sunderland: Churchill asked to stand as a Liberal at (1903), 159

Supreme War Council (1939-40): Churchill attends, 633; and Norway, 635; meets at Tours, 660

Surgham Hill (Omdurman): Churchill's intelligence task on (1898),91,93

Sutherland, 5th Duke of: Churchill finds solitude with (1921), 439

Sutherland, Graham: his portrait (1954), 932,933

Sutton Courtenay: Churchill offers to resign at (1915), 316

Suvla Bay: John Milbanke killed at, 23; landing at (1915), 325-26; recalled (1943),753

Svaars, Fritz: at Sidney Street, 223 Swansea: Churchill deprecates wartalk in

(1908), 198 sweated labour: Churchill wants

Government legislation to curb (1908), 197; abuses of, to be eliminated, 202

Sweden: and collective security, 524; and 'submission', 533; and German iron ore supplies (1939-40),626,630,633, 634; 'spectators' in (1940),664

Swindon: Churchill attends manoeuvres at (1909), 206; troops ordered to halt at(l9IO),219

Swinton, Lord: shares Churchill's anxieties (1936), 549, 551; and war production (1936), 558; not at Defence Deputation (1936), 567; and Churchill's visit to Biggin Hill (1937), 579; and Defence deficiencies, 584; his air expansion scheme rejected (1938), 587; Swiss: 'may leap out' (1939),618

Switzerland: Churchill's holiday in (1893),39; Churchill nearly drowns in (1894), 45; Churchill's holiday in (1906), 181; and collective security, 524; and 'submission', 533; protests (1940),633

Sylt: Churchill's plan for (1914),289 Syracuse (Sicily): Churchill's first visit to

(1907), 186; Churchill's holiday at (1955),940

Syria: and the Dardanelles, 305; Churchill visits (1934), 532; Allies advance into (1941), 699; possible German advance to (1941), 701, 702

Tangier: Churchill spends Christmas at (1935),548

Tank Board: Churchill sets up (1918), 383

tanks: genesis of (1915),293,298; first trialsof( 1916), 349; to be used in battle (1916), 365; the success of, 367; in action at Cambrai (1917), 380; to be manufactured in France, 381; and minefields, 383; and a strategy for 1919,383; Churchill replaces losses of (1918), 390; production of endangered by strikes (1918),392; in battle (August 1918),393; 'invincible',

INDEX 1057

394; and the lesson of Drocourt (1918), 396; and China (1927), 480; neglected, 565; Churchill proposes a raid by (1940), 656; sent to Russia (1941),707; received from America, 707; losses of, on the way to Russia (1942),724

Taranto: battle of (1940),683 tariffs: demand for (1895),54; a 'priceless

secret', 148; and a 'Tory-Liberal' coalition, 152; Joseph Chamberlain raises banner of, 154; Churchill's motion against (1905), 170

taxation: and Lord Randolph Churchill, 12; to be 'light', 156; and land values, 174, 184; the need to adjust 'more fairly', 191; and 'the ability to pay', 404; Churchill's plans for (1924-29), 467; 'shackles of, 471; and the motor car, 474; to replace the rates, 482

taxation without representation: a fateful 'anomaly', 61

Taylor Woodrow (Engineers): their task (1942),721

tea duty: abolished (1929), 489 tea-break: Churchill enshrines into law

(1911),226 Teheran: Russian occupy (1941), 706

Churchill wants to meet Stalin at, 719; Conference at (December 1943),756

Tel Aviv: Churchill visits (1921), 436 Temple Magazine: and Churchill's

speech-making (1900), 135 Ten Year Rule (of 1919): and Defence

spending, 485; Churchill urges annual revision of (1925), 515; Churchill urges abandonment of (1933),514

Tenedos: and the Dardanelles, 296 Tennyson d'Eyncourt, Captain Eustace:

and the tank, 298; Churchill receives information from (1937), 572

Thaelmann, Ernst: Hitler wins more votes than (1932), 506

The Fighting Line (Winston S. Churchill): published (1916), 363

The Hague: and Churchill's call for a United Europe (1948), 880

The Nation: Churchill sets out social reform programme in (1908), 191; debate on the suppression of (1917), 371

The Peoples' Rights (Winston S. Churchill): published (1909),209

The River War (Winston S. Churchill): in prospect, 91; Churchill critical of Kitchener in, 99; and the difficulties of authorship, 102; Churchill writes, 103; published (1899),108

The Second World War (Winston S. Churchill): in preparation, 858; work on, 874,877,885,887,888,890, 891, 894, 896, 906, 907, 909, 916; serialised, 879

The Story of the Malakand Field Force (Winston S.Churchill): in prospect, 78; Churchill writes, 81; completed, 82; published (1898), 86; Lord Salisbury reads, 89

The Times: Lord Randolph's letter to (1886), 11; and Churchill's illness (1893),35; Churchill defends British Army in letter to (1898),86; Churchill sends account of battle of Omdurman to (1898), 99; asks Churchill to be its correspondent (1898), 100; reports Churchill's Plymouth speech (1900), 134; erroneously reports Churchill defeated, 136; on Churchill's 'qualities as a lecturer (1900), 137; Churchill requests 'complete files' of (1901), 139; Churchill criticised in columns of (1901), 141; Churchill's letters to, 142, 149, 150, 156; praises Churchill as 'an effective advocate' (1902), 150; a rebuke to Churchill in, 206; a letter to, about Churchill's prison reforms, 215; attacks Churchill's 'rosewater of conciliation' (1910), 220; Churchill protests to, about 'spiteful comments', 225; an 'innocent enough' announcement in (1914), 266; and Churchill's 'grasp of the situation' in 1914, 274; Churchill protests at 'panic-stricken stuff in (1914), 280; and the return of Admiral Fisher, 288; Churchill's obituary of Rupert Brooke in (1915), 311; criticises Churchill's 'personal adventures', 318; Churchill's memoirs to be serialised in (1920), 419; protests (1920), 423; praises Churchill's Irish conciliation plan ( 1921),441 ; and the Chanak crisis (1922), 452; Churchill warns of a Labour Government in (1924), 460; Churchill's appeal to Liberals in (1924), 460; denounces Churchill (1924),461,520; Churchill's obituary


of Lord Birkenhead in (October 1930),496; Churchill's obituary of the 9th Duke of Marlborough in (1934), 529; and Churchill's 'brilliant' speech (1936), 566; and 'the most striking rebuff (1936),569; and appeasement, 576; and Czechoslovakia, 594, 595; and the British guarantee to Poland (1939),612; praises Churchill's call for conscription (April 1939), 614; publishes an appeal for Churchill's return (August 1939), 618; and Churchill's message to the Italian people (1944), 791; critical of the Fulton speech (1946), 867; and The Second World War, 896; and Churchill's lack of vigour (1954),925

The Times Literary Supplement: praises Churchill's life of his father, 175

The World Crisis (Winston S, Churchill): genesis of, 443; work on, in progress, 457; first volume published (1923), 458; work on, 458; work on, in progress, 458; continued work on, 479,480,486, continued publication of, 481; final volume of, 488, 502

Theebaw, King: taken prisoner (1885), 9 Theron, Captain Daniel: opposes

Churchill's release (1899),114 Thika (Kenya): Churchill hunts lions at

(1907),187 Thomas, Albert, 389 Thompson, Lieutenant-Commander

Tommy: accompanies Churchill (1940),631

Thompson, Walter: Churchill's bodyguard, 427, 455, 462; accom panies Churchill (1940),631

Thomson sisters: Churchill goes to school run by (1884), 6; Churchill's recollections of, II

Thomson, Charlotte: Churchill's headmistress, 7, 8,13,17

Thorndike, Sybil, 795 Thornton-Kemsley, Colin: challenges

Churchill (1938-39), 603, his apology (September 1939),624

Thurso (Scotland): Churchill leaves, for Newfoundland (1941), 704

Tibetans: right to resist (1904), 163 Tiger(British battle-cruiser): her German

rival (1912),247 'time to pay': Churchill establishes

principle of (1910),213

Time: and Churchill's vigour (1948),882 Tinerhir (Morocco): Churchill visits

(1950),894 Tirah campaign: Churchill hopes to see

action with (1897), 77, 82 Tirah Expeditionary Force: Churchill

attached to (1898), 86 Tirpitz: disabled (1943), 755 Tirpitz, Grand Admiral: asks to see

Churchill (1914), 258 Tito (Josip Broz): British help to (from

1943), 739; Churchill meets (August 1944),787; Churchill's protest to, 806; signs agreement (1945), 815; and Yalta, 821; not to be fought, 838; and the 'Muscovite tentacle', 840

Tobruk: struggle for (from January 1941),687,688,696; surrenders (J une 1942), 723; final Allied entry to (November 1942), 734

Togliatti, Palmiro: and Communism in Italy, 796

Tonypandy (South Wales): disturbances in (1910), 220; recalled, 229, 233

Toole, Joseph: and the Freedom and Peace movement, 584

Topping, Hugh: and Churchill's challenge on India (1931),500

Toronto: Churchill lectures in (1900), 138; Churchill speaks in (1929),493

torpedoes: shortage of (1911), 239; Churchill studies (1912),246

Tory Democracy: launched,S; future leaders of, 66; the creed of, 69; values of, 71; Churchill's support for, 72; Lord Salisbury's forecast concerning, 151

Tory Democrat: Churchill stands as (1899),104

Tory Party: 'dirty ... hacks' in, 608 Tory Press: 'malevolence' of, 371 Toryism: 'sordid selfishness' of, 152 Totalitarianism: and Socialism, 846 Toulon, 259; French warships at (1940),

666; Churchill flies over (1944),813 Tours: Churchill flies to (1940), 659 Tower of London: troops from, sent to

Sidney Street (1911),223 Trade Boards Bill: Churchill introduces

(1909), 203' Trade Union Bill: Churchill's suggestion

for (1927),480 Trade Unions: Churchill supports rights

of (1904), 162, 163; Churchill attacks

INDEX 1059

unfairness of judges towards (1911), 227; and munitions, 377, 554, 580; and political parties, 580

Trades Union Congress: Churchill's praise for (1936), 563

Trafalgar Square (London): and victory (1918),401

Tranby Croft: Churchill practises letter 's' at, 135

Transjordan: Churchill visits (1934),532 Transvaal: possibility of war in (1899),

105; Churchill offers to give his parole to, 114; a search for Churchill mounted in, 118; Churchill drafts constitution for, 176, 488; Churchill announces responsible government for, 180

Transvaal State Library: Churchill allowed to become a member of, while in captivity, 115

Transylvania, 511 travel: a 'constitutional aversion' to, 101 Treasure Island: Churchill reads (1884), 6 tree-felling: and civilisation, 492 trench warfare: Churchill's thoughts on

(1915), 294; Churchill seeks mechanical means to break stalemate on, 334; trenches; Churchill decides not to return to (1916), 364; Churchill's concern for men in, 365

Trieste: a possible landing near Gune 1944), 780; Tito's design on, 806; fighting in (April 1945),838; and the iron curtain, 844

Tring (Lord Rothschild's house at): Churchill a guest at (1893, 1896), 41, 61

Trinidad: British air bases in, 650 Trinity House Dinner (London):

Churchill expresses unease at (1937), 581

Triple Alliance: Churchill proposes (1911),235

Tripoli: Rommel reaches, 690; entered by the Eighth Army, 738; Churchill visits (1943), 739; Russians seek naval base at (1946), 865

Tripolitania: Russia wants bases in (1945),860

Trondheim: landings near (1940),636 Trotsky, Leon: to be 'aided' (1918),389;

reprisals threatened against, 395; atrocities committed under, 412; his triumph, 414; and the existence of

God, 492; doctrine of, 562 Troup, Sir Edward: and Churchill's time

as Home Secretary, 212, 225 Trouville: Churchill plays polo at, 180 Truman, President Harry S,: 'not to be

bullied', 836; Churchill's telephone call to (April 1945), 836; Churchill's appeals to, 838; Churchill's advice to, 839; and Victory in Europe (1945), 840; Churchill appeals to, 843; at Potsdam, 850; his 'weakness', 857; invites Churchill to Missouri, 860; and the 'iron curtain' speech, 864, 865; and the Truman Doctrine, 876; Churchill's talk with (1949), 884; his statement on the atom bomb (1949), 884; Churchill's talks with (1952),900; Churchill visits (1953),909

truth: and Lenin (1919), 418; and armaments (1932), 511; and Munich (1938),600; 'very powerful' (1942), 959

Truth: Churchill denounced in (1895), 52; harmful effects of accusations in, 62; reiterates accusations in, 65

Tudor, General Sir Hugh: visits Churchill (1916), 348; with Churchill in Ploegsteert Wood (1916), 348; Churchill visits (March 1918), 384; Churchill's adventure with (October 1918), 399; in Ireland (1920), 422; Churchill confides in (1946),864

Tugela River (Natal): Churchill reaches, 108; battleof(1900), 122

Tunis: and cross-Channel landing timetable(1943), 735;captured(1943), 744; Churchill and troops at (1943), 747

Tunisia: Germans rush reinforcements to (November 1942), 735: battle for (1943),744; Churchill taken unwell in (December 1943),762

Turkey: seeks to suppress Cretan revolt, 68; declares war on Greece (1897), 71; and the Dardanelles, 278; and the coming of warin 1914,288; Churchill's mind 'set on', 290; war plans against (1914-15),291; and mustard gas, 327; Churchill suggests a landing against (1917), 375; surrenders (1918), 400; Churchill proposes return of Baghdad to (1920),428; Churchill wants a 'good peace' with (1920), 428; Churchill urges peace with (1921-22), 433, 439; neutral, 687; possible German advance through (1941), 702;


Churchill's journey to (1943), 739; remains neutral, 761; futureof( 1944), 796; declares war on Germany (1945), 820; to be reassured, 865; no longer to be protected (1947),876; and the Suez Canal, 902; her military co-operation with Pakistan (1954),922; anda 'world front against Communist aggression' (1954),926

Turks: rulers of Crete, 62; 'the filthy oriental',69

tutoring: a 'dark shadow' (1887), 14 Twain, Mark: introduces Churchill

(1900),137 Tweedmouth, Lady: hears her nephew's

maiden speech, 139; advice from, 168 Tweedmouth, Lord: Churchill's Liberal

uncle, 144; urges Churchill and Unionist Free Traders to stand as a Liberal (1903), 158; asks Churchill to stand as a Liberal, 159; acts as an intermediary, 161; advice from, 168; at the Admiralty (1908), 193

Twenty-First Lancers: Churchill joins (1898),90

Twenty-Ninth Division: and the Dardanelles (1915), 297, 298, 299, 300,301,302,303,305,310

Tyne: a dispute on (1908), 195 Tyrone: border of (1914), 263, 264; the

'dreary steeples' of (1922),445

Uganda Protectorate: Churchill crosses (1907),188

Ukraine: danger to (1941),695 'Ulster Pogrom': Churchill accused of

(1914),257; recalled,473 Ulster: 'will fight', II; and Home Rule,

249; search for a compromise for (1913), 250; crisis in (1914), 254; blockade of, ended, 267; Churchill's autonomy plan for (1921), 441

Ulster Unionists: on the eve of war in 1914,263

Ulster Volunteers: challenge by (1914), 254; threats from (1914), 256,257

unconditional surrender: genesis of (1943), 738; Churchill's defence of, 815; and Japan, 851

unemployment: and Government contracts, 195; and direct Government intervention, 200

unemployment insurance: Churchill advocates (1907), 189; and naval

spending, 20 I; Churchill wants to devise a scheme for, 201; Churchill's proposals for, 20 I; Churchill urges legislation for, 203; Churchill 'elbowed out' of, 226

Union Jack: Churchill hoists, in Pretoria (1900), 129; burned, at Lahore (1930), 497

Unionist Free Traders: Churchill a leading figure among (1903), 156; seek electoral pact with Liberals, 156; can expect no help from Liberals, 158, 161; Churchill left alone with, 162; and Home Rule, 165; reduced to eleven (1906), 176

Unionist Party: Churchill's 'atttachment' to (1902), 151; members of, vote against Government (1903), 153

United Europe: to unite both Eastern and Western Europe (1949), 883

United Nations: to be established (1942), 715; establishment of (1945), 818; proposals of, 'meaningless', 851; a 'European unit' in, 885; a possible 'obnoxious phrase' at (1953),921

United Seroices Magazine: Churchill's article in (1898), 87

United States: Churchill learning geography of (1888), 16; Churchill's first visit to (1895), 56; 'great and utilitarian', 57; Churchill returns to (1895),60; need for Britain to avoid quarrels with (1896), 61; Churchill's advice to (1896), 61; contrasted with India, 63; and the Spanish-American War (1898), 88; Churchill sails for (1900),137; Churchill's lecture tour in (1900), 137; and the Western Front (1917-18),372; and the 'winning the war' (1917-18), 378; and the Inter-Allied Munitions Council (1917), 379; munitions needs of (1917-18),380,394; and the German breakthrough of March 1918, 388; Churchill responds to an appeal from (1918), 390; and 'the only one road to tread' (1921), 433; Churchill supplies nitrate needs of, 395; intervention in Russia (1918-19),409; help for Poland from (1920), 423; possible transfer of Palestine and Iraq Mandates to, 437; Churchill's warning of the nature of future war circulated in (1924), 463; Britain's war debts to (1925), 468;

INDEX 1061

Churchill plans to tax films from (1926),474; and disarmament (1928), 486; Churchill's visit to (1929), 493; Churchill's message to (1929), 494; Churchill and his wife visit (1931-32), 503; Churchill lectures in nineteen cities in (1932), 505; Churchill broadcasts to, 506; Churchill's confidence in the economic future of (1932),508; opinion in, and Nazism (1937), 581; signals encouragement (1937),584; 'strongly anti-Nazi', 593; a message to (june 1939), 615; Churchill's broadcast to (August 1939),617; and Norway (1940), 634; voice of , may count for nothing', 646; aid from (1940), 646, 648, 650, 655, 664,669,671,686; and Britain's 'fate' if alone, 648; and the fall of France, 660; 'will sink into the abyss', 664; 'spectators' in (1940), 664; start of strategic co-operation with (1940), 671; and the 'deeds done by others', 672; aid from (1941), 687; and Lend-Lease, 688; co-operation with (1941),689,696; and the Battle ofthe Atlantic, 692; Churchill's questions concerning (March 1941), 694; wealth and resources of, 697; Churchill's broadcast to (june 1941), 699; and Hitler's invasion of Russia, 701; aid to Britain (1941),702,705; aid to Russia (1941),704; pledges by (August 1941), 705; Churchill wants warning to Japan from (August 1941),705; takes risk by remaining neutral, 706; and the Japanese threat (November 1941), 710; declares war on Japan, 711; future of aid to Britain from (after 1941), 711; Churchill wishes to visit, but cannot (December 1941), 711; Churchill's first wartime visit to (january 1942), 713; lack of preparedness of (1942), 719; Churchill's second wartime visit to (june 1942),722; and cross-Channel plans, 736; Churchill's third wartime visit to (july 1943),749; and Poland, 768; and the Adriatic plan (june 1944), 781; Churchill plans a crisis journey to (june 1944),781; 'might be shocked', 796; in dispute with Britain over Greece (December 1944), 808, 812; Churchill defends military effort

of, 815; war dead of, after Normandy, 831; troops of, to leave Europe (1945), 843; withdraws troops in Central Europe (june 1945), 848; and the atom bomb, 859; 'fraternal association' with Britain, and security (1946),867; Churchill's postwar visit to (1946), 862; 'fear of Russia' in (1946),864; tobea 'friend' ofa United Europe, 873; Churchill encourages greater role by (1951), 895; and Churchill's second Premiership, 900; and the Suez Canal, 921; and the hydrogen bomb, 923; a breach with, 'fatal', 924; 'never be separated from, 939; and Israel, 947; and the Suez Crisis, 949; future 'U nion' with (1957), 952; sends troops to Lebanon (1958), 953; Churchill visits (1959),955

United States Congress: Churchill's speeches to, (1941),714; (1943), 745; (1952),902

United States of Europe: foreseen, under Nazi domination (1940), 661; Churchill's hopes for (1942), 731; Churchill calls for (November 1945), 862; Churchill's appeals for, 872; Churchill's calls for (1946), 874

Untouchables: in India, 495, 497, 501 Uxbridge: Churchill follows course ofair

battles at (1940),671,676

V for Victory: 787,957,958 Valdez, General: Churchill marches with

(1895),58,59 Vancouver: Churchill speaks in (1929),

493 Vanity Fair: and Churchill's character

(1900),133 Vansittart, Sir Robert: and German

rearmament, 522; and Abyssinia, 546; and collective security, 553; enlists Churchill's help (1936), 554, 564; mourns, 571

vengeance: the dregs of, 'filthy tasting', 99

Venice: Churchill stays at (1906), 181; Churchill honeymoons at (1908),200; Churchill on holiday in (1927), 482; Churchill works at (1951), 896

Venlo (Holland): Churchill flies to (March 1945),831

Ventnor (Isle of Wight): Churchill stays at (1882), 3


Verchocq: Churchill's headquarters in France (autumn 1918),393,394,395, 396,397,398,400

Verdun: battle for (1916), 359 Versailles: Churchill stays at (1891),31 Versailles Treaty (1920): and Poland,

423; and Germany, 464; and German rearmament, 509, 521; revision of, and disarmament, 511,512; demands for revision of (1933),513; breaches of, 526; German violations of, 535; recalled (in 1945),837

Vian, Captain (later Admiral) Philip: liberates prisoners (1940), 634; at Normandy, 778

Vichy: Government at (1940), 666, 678; Churchill's message to (December 1940),685

Victor Emmanuel, King: and the fall of Mussolini (1943), 749

Victoria Cross (VC): and Churchill, 78, 113,127,730; won, 83

Victoria Station (London): Churchill recalled from (1914), 282

Victoria, Queen: Jubilee of (1887), 13; Churchill's commission from (1895), 51;dies, 139

Victory in Europe: to be proclaimed (May 1945),840; and democracy, 841

Victory Parade (Berlin 1945), 852 Vienna: 'banish despair' (1940), 632; a

possible pursuit of Germans to (1944), 767; Churchill regrets loss of the 'prize' of, 789; still the prize, 789; 'our objective', 793; Alexander to reach 'as soon as possible', 799; Russians enter (April 1945), 834; 'in the Soviet sphere' (1946),866; a possible summit at (1953-5), 910,929

Villa Choisi (Lake Geneva): Churchill stays at (1946),872

Villa delle Rose (Como): Churchill stays at (September 1945),858

Villa Pirelli (near Genoa): 859-60 Villa Politi (Sicily): 940 Villa Reve dDr (Cannes): a haven (1922),

457 Villacoublay: Churchill at (1940),653 Villiers, Francis: to be rewarded, 520 Vi my Ridge: Churchill visits front (1915),

340; returns to (1918), 382 Vincennes: Churchill visits (1940), 631 Vincent, Lady Helen: and a motoring

holiday (1906), 181

Virginia: Churchill speaks in (1946),868 Vladivostok: a possible Churchill mission

to (1915), 328; danger of Lenin's sway in, 408; last British troops sail from (1919),418

Volga: Poles deported to (1945), 830 von Kleist, Major Ewald: visits Chartwell

(1938),593; executed Q uly 1944),785 von Papen, Count: becomes German

Chancellor (1932), 507; demands 'equality' of armaments for Germany, 509; Churchill's warning about, 510

von Paulus, General: at Stalingrad, 735 von Spee, Admiral Count Maximilian:

the victor (1914), 288; defeated, and drowned, 289

Vorontsov Villa (Yalta): Churchill's base, 817,822,823

Vote of Censure: brought against Churchill Quly 1942),724

Vote of Confidence: Churchill demands Qanuary 1942), 716; on the Government's Greek policy (December 1944),807

Votes for Women, 172; Churchill favours, 221

Vyshinsky, Andrei: greets Churchill in Moscow (1944), 795

Wadi Akarit: battle of (1943),743 Wagner, Charles: with Churchill during

armoured train ambush (1899), 110, III

Walden, Thomas: sails with Churchill to South Africa (1899), 106; and the armoured train ambush, 110; guards Churchill's kit, 113

Waldorf-Astoria Hotel (New York): Churchill stays at (1931),503,504

Wall Street (New York): Churchill visits during the crash (1929),494

Wall Street Journal: critical of the Fulton speech (1946), 867

Walls, Private: describes Churchill's efforts during the armoured train ambush (1899), III

Walmer Castle (Kent): Churchill a guest at(J915),294

Walpole, Horace: recalled, 489 Walthamstow: Churchill heckled at

(1945), 849; Churchill speaks in (1959),956

Walton Heath (Surrey): Lloyd George summons Churchill to (1917), 379

INDEX 1063

Wandsworth: bombed (1940),677 war: the 'shoddiness' of (1898), 98;

'medley of the glorious and squalid' (1900), 122; and duty, 123; the future nature of (as envisaged in 1901), 143; 'draining, dangerous', 149; and tactical combinations, 205; 'vile & wicked folly & barbarism' (1909),208; 'will never come in our time' (1912), 245; nations will become 'heartily sick of (1912), 245; the 'unknown and the unexpected', 268; Churchill's 'genius' for (1914), 285; 'delicious', 294; 'action, energy & hazard', 350; its 'iron slavery' (1920), 423; God's wish to 'sicken mankind of (1929), 492; and the Nazi doctrine, 524; reorganisation of factories for (1934), 525; and 'the end of the world', 541; and 'shame', 595; 'to establish ... the rights of the individual', 623; 'prior claims' of, 731; and the hydrogen bomb, 932

War Cabinet: (in 1940),645,646,647, 650,651,652,653,657,661,662,667, 668, 676; its responsibilities (from 1940), 673; and Greece, 682, 690; 'wave of depression', 706; and the Western Desert, 709; and 'all major decisions', 724; Churchill reports to after Casablanca (1943), 740; and Churchill's threat to resign (1943), 757; 'Overlord' Committee of (1944), 768; supports active intervention in Greece (1944), 808; and Poland's post-war frontiers; 822; and reparations, 822; takes a tough stance on Roumania (1945), 830; farewell party for, 846

War Council: established (1914), 289 and an appeal from Russia, 290; and the com peting war plans of Jan uary 1915, 292; Churchill's service on, recalled, 332

war criminals: their fate duscussed at Yalta (1945), 821

war debts: Churchill negotiates settlement of (1925),468,472

'War of the Unknown Warrior', 668 War Office: not on offer (1917), 371;

Churchill suggested for (1924), 465 war profits: Churchill urges tax on

(1918),403 warmonger: or 'Cherub Peace Maker'

(1922), 455; 'a lie', 523; Churchill

rebuts charges of, 506, 556 Wars of the Roses, 607 Warsaw: danger of Lenin's 'sway' in

(1919),408; threatened (1920), 423; Churchill's articles published in (1937), 576; 'banish despair' (1940), 632; unlikely liberation of, from Russia, 768; uprising in (1944), 785, 787, 791, 794, 795; Soviet troops in (1945), 823; 'in the Soviet sphere' (1946),866

Warter Priory (York): Churchill goes shooting at (1910), 222

Washington: Churchill visits (1900),137; Churchill visits (December 1941),713; Churchill returns to Oanuary 1942), 715; Churchill's postwar visits to, 864; Churchill-Truman talks in (1952), 901,903; Churchill returns to (1953), 909; Churchill's talks in (1954), 926; Churchill's visit to (1959),955

Washington Naval Disarmament Treaty (1922): and Germany, 487

Washington Post: Churchill's secret instructions published in (1944),808

Washington, George, 1 Waterloo Station (London): Churchill

waits at (1940),662 Waterloo, battle of (1815): Churchill

visits battlefield of (1894), 45; battle recalled,289

Watson, Edith: and Churchill's election broadcasts (1945), 847

Watson-Watt, Robert: appeals to Churchill (1936), 558; helps Churchill,560

Watt, A.P.: impressed by Churchill's writings (1897), 82

Wavell, General: his plans (1940), 682; Churchill's exhortations to, 683; his battles (1940-41),685,687,695; enters Tobruk, 688; and Greece (1941),690; and Crete, 698; to be replaced, 700; possible Caucasus command of, 707; to command in the Far East, 714; and Singapore, 716, 718; and Burma, 731; and Sumatra, 745

Wealth of Nations (Adam Smith): Churchill reads, 68

Weaslet, Miss, 30 Webb, Sidney: and Labour Exchanges,

197 Wedgwood, Josiah: and a possible

Churchill Premiership (1927), 482;


Churchill's assurance to (1940),667 Weir, Lord: and Churchill's derating

scheme (1928),483 Weizmann, Dr Chaim: his appeal for

bombing (1944), 783; Churchill's advice to (1944),803

Welldon, Dr: Churchill's headmaster (from 1888), 15,21,23,27,28,29,33; 'I rejoice in your success', 37; his advice, 64; gives wedding address (1908),200; his confidence (1922),457

Wells, H.G., 463 Wemyss, Admiral: and the Dardanelles,

336 West German Army: Churchill supports

(1953),918 West Germany: Churchill welcomes to

the Council of Europe (1948), 880; needed for the defence of the West (1950), 890; Churchill supports rearmament of, 893; a 'great power', 919; rearmamentof(1953), 921; to be 'an equal partner', 928; future 'moral dignity' of, 932

West Indies: British bases in, 670 West Leicester: Churchill stands for

(1923),459 West Point: Churchill visits (1895), 57 Westcott, the Reverend Frederick:

Churchill crosses swords with (1902), 149

Western Desert: Italian defeat in (1940), 685; Churchill's visits to (1942), 726, 729

Western Front: Churchill's possible service on (May 1915),318; Churchill leaves for (November 1915), 329; Churchill serves on (1915-16), 331, 332,333,334,355; recalled,557

Western Germany: rearmament of, 924 Westminster Abbey (London): Churchill

a pall-bearer at (1940),683 Westminster College (Fulton, Missouri):

Churchill to speak at, 860; speaks at (1946),864-69

Westminster Gazette: Churchill's letter to (1894), 46; reports Churchill's New York lecture (1900), 138; Churchill defends his opinions in (1901), 140

Westminster St Georges: by-election at (1931),501

Westminster, 2nd Duke of: Churchill rides with to Pretoria (1900), 127; Churchill's friendship with, 421, 458,

481,482,485 Weygand, General: Churchill VISitS

(1940), 649; and the fall of France (1940), 658, 660, 661; Churchill's message to (December 1940),685; his comment recalled (1941),715

Weymouth: Churchill watches naval advances at (1912), 245; a detour to (1940),653

Wheldon, John: Churchill's research assisstant, 532

Whitby, Brigadier: accompanies Churchill to Quebec (1944), 792

Whitch urch (near Chequers): research at (1940-45),673

White House (Washington): Churchill taken ill at (December 1941), 714; Churchill learns bad news at Oune 1942),723; Churchill's return to (May 1943),745; Churchill stays at, 927

White, Sir George: Churchill dines with (1898), 85; in Ladysmith, 108; Churchill dines with after relief of Ladysmith (1900), 124

Whitehall (London): troops protest in (1919),406

wickedness: 'not going to reign', 685 widows' pensions: Churchill presses for

(1914),260 Wigram, Ava: at Chartwell (1935), 543;

her loss, 571 Wigram, Ralph: helps Churchill

(1935-36),542,547,553,560; dies, 571 Wilde, Oscar: an allusion to, 61 Wilhelmshaven: bombed (1941), 703 William II, Kaiser: Churchill sees (1891),

28; his Army, 60; Churchill the guest of (1906), 181; his 'magnificent & formidable' Army, 181; Churchill's second talk with, (1909), 208; an emissary visits (1912), 242; Churchill's message to (1912), 245; invites Churchill to Kiel (1914), 258 and the coming of war in 1914, 265, flees to Holland (1918), 400

Willingdon, Viscount (later Marquess): imprisons Gandhi (1932),507

Wilson, Admiral Sir Arthur: 'deficient in imagination' (1911), 236; about to go on holiday, 236

Wilson, Sir Charles: Churchill's doctor, 714,715,717,752;seealsoMoran,Lord

Wilson, Gordon: Churchill travels with (1907), 186; killed in action (1914), 186

INDEX 1065

Wilson, General Sir Henry: Churchill's discussions with (1911), 236; Churchill lunches with (1917), 373; and tanks, 383; finds Churchill 'a real gem in a crisis', 384; protests (1918), 385; insists on Churchill's exclusion, 389; with Churchill on armistice night, 402; and British intervention in Russia, 407; and British intervention in Russia (1919),408; assassinated (1922), 448

Wilson, Sir Horace: his influence (1939), 609,612

Wilson, General Maitland: Churchill confides in (1943), 759; and the Adriatic plan (June 1944), 780

Wilson, Muriel: Churchill befriends (1895), 52; helps Churchill to speak the letter's', 135; and a motoring holiday, 181; and Churchill's rumoured engagement, 185

Wilson, Lady Sarah (Sarah SpencerChurchill), 186

Wilson, President Woodrow: and the German breakthrough of March 1918,388; and the German armistice (1918), 398; and United States intervention in Russia (1918-19), 409

Wilton, Lady: encourages Churchill, 26 Wimborne, Lady (Aunt Cornelia): hears

her nephew'S maiden speech, 139; Churchill stays with, 151; hopes Churchill will join Liberals (1903), 158; Churchill recuperates with, 173; her words of caution (1917), 374

Winant, John G.: and the imminent defeat of Russia (1941), 701; and Pearl Harbor, 711

Winchester: Churchill hoping to go to school at, 8, 14

Winchester House (London): Churchill wins Vote of Confidence at (1938), 603

Wingate, Colonel: helps Churchill, 99 Winnipeg: Churchill lectures in (1901),

139 'Winston': Churchill's terrier (1896), 67 Winterton, Lord: attacks Churchill for

reducing prison sentences (1911), 225; a member ofthe Other Club, 227; his praise (1927), 481

Witbank Colliery: Churchill reaches during his escape from Pretoria (1899), 118; Churchill hidden in, 119; Churchill describes his helpers at, 133; Churchill thanks his helpers at, 138

Wolfe, Humbert: commiserates (1922), 456

Wolseley, Field Marshal Lord: helps Churchill's Cuba design (1895), 56; presides at Churchill's lecture (1900), 137

Wolverton, Lord: Churchill dines with, 44

women: and Churchill's 'loneliness' (1908), 197; 'new world opening out to (1918),397; votes for, 172,221

Women's Trade Union Advisory Committee: Churchill meets (1917), 379

Wood, GeneralSir Evelyn: helps Churchill get to the Sudan (1898), 90; Churchill writes to, from South Africa, 108

Wood, Sir Kingsley: and a possible Defence Ministry (1936),551; and the aftermath of Munich (1938), 605; invites Churchill to fighter exercises, 618; and Britain's air weakness (September 1939), 626; and the political crisis (April-May 1940),640; and the German attack in the West (May 1940),642; and Greece, 690

Woodford: Churchill's constituency (from 1945),883; Churchill's speeches at, 888,955,956

Woolwich Arsenal: Churchill making mortars at (1914),280

Worcester (Massachusetts): Churchill lectures in (1931), 503

working classes: 'awful uncertainties' of lives of, 189; and the need for 'security', 190; demand 'time ... to live', 196; 'common interests' of, worldwide, 199; and the imprisonment of young offenders, 214

Workmen's Compensation Bill (1897): Churchill supports, 71

World: and Churchill's political future (1898),101

World Disarmament Conference (Geneva): in session (1932), 506; widespread hopes for, 506; Germany withdraws from, 509; Britain submits proposals to, 514; French proposals to, 521; Hitler withdraws from, 522; Churchill proposes an end to, 524; remaining hopes in, 525

Wrangel, General: in the Crimea (1920), 421,422


Wright, Orville: Churchill urges contact with ( 1909), 202

writing: 'an adventure', 887 Wuppertal: bombed (1943), 748 Wiirzburg: Churchill watches German

Army manoeuvres near (1909), 208 Wyllie, Hugh: Churchill befriends, 35 Wyndham, George: Churchill's

friendship with, to I, 134 Wytschaete Ridge: Churchill visits

(1917),378

Yalta: conference at (1945), 814, 816-24 Yalta Agreement (on Polish elections):

violation of, 835 York: poverty in, 147 York: sunk (1942),693 York, Duke and Duchess of (later King

George V and Queen Mary): Churchill meets (1895), 54

Yorkshire: Churchill visits troops in (1944),771

Yorkshire Post: praises Churchill (1938), 588

Yosemite Valley (California): Churchill visits (1929),494

Young, Alexander: his hopes (in 1934), 533

Younghusband, Colonel: his successful book, 81; and the Guru massacre (1904),163

Ypres: Germans reach (1914), 282; the 'profitless slaughter pit' of, 325; Churchill listens to an artillery duel north of, 349; renewed offensive at (1917), 378, 379; Churchill visits

battlefield of (1918), 382; Churchill's plans for ruins of, 400

Yudenitch, General: advances on Petrograd (1919),415; British help to, 417; in retreat, 418

Yugoslavia: determined (1932), 510; 'begins to look to Germany (1935),544; Churchill's fear for (1936), 553; and Munich (1938), 599; German alliance with (1941), 692; 'has found its soul' (1941), 693; Churchill warns of imminent invasion, 695; surrenders, 697; partisans in (1943),749; future of (1944-45), 787, 795, 796, 806, 835, 845; at Yalta, 821; and Czechoslovakia, 838; and a 'world front against Communist aggression' (1954),926

Yusupov Palace (Yalta): Stalin host at (1945),820

Zagai (North West-Frontier): Churchill in action at (1897),77

Zagreb: and British strategy (1944-45), 780,806

Zeebrugge: a British objective (1917), 378

Zermatt: Churchill visits (1893), 39 Zionism: Churchill's support for (1920),

429,435; French criticism of, 432; and the murder of Lord Moyne (1944), 803; 'I am of course a Zionist', 947

Zulu revolt: 'disgusting butchery' during (1906),183

Zurich: Churchill's speech at (1946),872

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