Compatibility rolling stock – track circuits: Infrastructure conditions for rolling...

emkamatikCompatibility rolling stock – track circuits:

Infrastructure conditions

for rolling stock tests

(Presentation shown at RAILCOM

final conference, Paris, 21.4.2009)

Markus Meyer, Markus Lerjen

(emkamatik GmbH, on an SBB contract in RAILCOM project)

emkamatik

Compatibility rolling stock – track circuits: Infrastructure conditions for tests (Paris 21.4.2009) 2

emkamatik Today‘s situation

Situation:

• Harmonics are important for homologation of a

train in each country or infrastructure segment(compatibility with track circuits, safety)

• Infrastructure characteristics are different

(this can be changed only in the long-term, if ever)

• Testing done according to country specific rules

(mainly for historical reasons)

• Tests have to be repeated in various countries(this is the main cost driver and shall be avoided if

possible; this needs a detailed technical evaluation)


emkamatikGoal of work on infrastructure conditions

Goal:

• Definition of infrastructure conditions for

harmonic current measurements with

interoperable trains

• Measurements shall be done only once per

power supply system

Questions:

• Influence of power supply resonances

• Influence of source voltage and other trains

• Which criteria does the infrastructure have to

satisfy


emkamatik Introduction

Principle of track circuits / reason for harmonic current limits:

Challenge:

• Return currents

... 1000 A or more

• Receiver picks at

• ... 2 ... 5 V

• Bad insulation

(humidity, dirt)

• Fault conditions

Options:

• Single-rail insul.

• Double-rail insul.

• Jointless (audio

frequency track c.)

VReceiver

~Source

Free

V ~

Occupied

V ~

Disturbed Return current

Earthed rail

Insulated rail

Train

Train



Overview of system which has to be treated:

Figure from futureTS 50238–2

The system

includes:

• Power supply system

• Train under test

• Other trains

• Return current

arrangement

• Measurement and

evaluation method



System structure:

• Interface requirements are necessary(i.e. for harmonic currents at pantograph)

• „Hot path“ influences harmonics at interface

(effects of train under test, other trains, infrastructure)

• „Cold path“ only affects distribution of harmonics

(but nearly not their amplitude)

• Consequence: Interoperability is mainly a

question of „hot path“(where „interoperability“ here means running with a train

over infrastructures with different characteristics)



UN0 U

IZNetwork

YTrain

ITrain0

Equivalent circuit (loop hot / cold path) for one frequency:

InterfaceInfrastructure – Train

Differences in infrastructure manifest themselves in

combination of U and I � Measurements + theory


emkamatik Theoretical system analysis

Tasks:

• Influence of power supply resonances(measurements available from Betuweroute)

• Influence of catenary system(normal, AT system, 1- / 2-track, 1-/2-side feeding)

• Influence of substation voltage in DC systems

• Influence of (passive) vehicle input impedance(no filter, with filter, cables)

Goal: demonstration that most influences are

negligible, identification the remaining factors



3 differenttypical trains:

• transformer only• transformer + filter

• transformer + cable

Data assumed:• 16.7-Hz network, 6 MW, Transformer εx 0.3, cable 200 m, 250 nF/km



line impedance:

abstraction, with

two regions:

• no resonances(f < 500 Hz)

• with resonances

weak network

medium

strong lowmedium

good damping

ohmic-inductive resonant



Influence of

line impedance oninterference current

produced by the train

(ratio)

Train with transformer only

Transformer + filter

Transformer + cable Cable hasmajor influence

Filter hasminor influence

Resonances canreduce harmonics



Maximum influence

from other trains

(incl. influence of

line impedance)

Cable has major influence

Resonances cansignificantly reducemeasured currents

Line impedances canreduce measuredcurrents


emkamatik Test campaign

Purpose:

• Verification of theoretical results

• Identification of source voltage in different

networks (i.e. mainly influence of other trains)

• All four power supply systems:1500 V DC, 3000 V DC, 15 kV 16.7 Hz, 25 kV 50 Hz

• Modern rolling stock with different characteristics(locomotive, EMU, with / without roof cables)


emkamatik Test campaign

Tests in different countries:

• Germany: ICE-S (test train for Railcom)

• Switzerland: Re 460 (scheduled IC train)

• France: TGV DASYE (test train for Railcom)

• Italy: Several trains (test trains for Railcom)

• Czech Rep. / Poland: CD 163 (scheduled trains)


emkamatikExample: Measurements with loco Re 460

RH

WF

BR

LBT

SP

BN

OLZUE Romanshorn:

far from substation

Weinfelden:

GTW trains, low traffic

Zürich:

largest station,

many trainsOlten:

FLIRT trains

Bern:

NINA trains

Spiez:

close to Wimmis

converter station

Lötschberg Base Tunnel:

extreme cabling,

low resonancesBrig:

close to Simplon tunnel

(strong 132-kV network resonance)


emkamatik Evaluation method

Recorded time domain data

U(t), I(t) in eachfrequency band

Probability distributionsper frequency band (U, I, Z)

Filtering as proposed

for EN 50238-2

2-dimensional

histograms


emkamatik Example for results

Voltage: significant differences

FLIRT 132-kV netw. resonance

LBT 15-kV resonance

many Re 460

15-kV cables

Olten Lötschberg base tunnel


emkamatik Example for results

Comparison: voltages / currents in 8 different locations (max. values)

U

Inearly no differences

very large differences


emkamatikConclusions from RAILCOM infra condition activities

Conclusions:

• Line impedance / resonances:resonances must be present in audio frequency range

• Influence of other trains:not relevant (exception: long cables on primary side of

train under test)

• Special case: rolling stock with long roof cables

• Input into TS 50238–2 for infrastructure

conditions for harmonic tests in order to avoid

duplication of tests (cross acceptance)

Compatibility rolling stock – track circuits: Infrastructure conditions for rolling...

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