Comparison of industrial transformation models in the new member states(Eng)/ Comparación de...

7/31/2019 Comparison of industrial transformation models in the new member states(Eng)/ Comparacin de modelos de tra

1/44

@ncxkvopne ng oebzprvokarvkepgnvckrone cnbjapoe rdj ej} Cjcfjv Prkrjp


2/44


3/44

Rkfaj ng `nerjerp

Xvjk`j fy Cv Lnnpr wke Ojvpja! @dkovcke! @@CO 6

@ncxkvopne n oebzprvoka rvkepnvckrone cnbjap 7oe rdj ej} Cjcfjv PrkrjpVjxnvr bvkrjb zebjv rdj n#nvboekrone n Cv% Wakbocov Iwjrke! bjajmkrj n rdj @@CO

Mjejvka oenvckrone ne rdj @@CO 04


4/44

Xvjgk`j fy

Cv Lnnpr wke Ojvpja!

@dkovcke! @@CO

6


5/440

Rdj Jzvnxjke J`nenco` keb Pnòka @nc#corrjj-p @nepzarkrowj @nccoppone ne Oe#bzprvoka @dkemj jcfkvijb zxne k zeo{zj

lnzvejy jkvay oe 6884% Rdj @@CO bjòbjbrn jtkcoej rdj j`nenco` bjwjanxcjeroe rje ej} JZ#cjcfjv prkrjp! jpxjòkaayvnc rdj xnoer n woj} n oebzprvoka pj`#rnvp! naan}oem rdj kaa n rdj `ncczeoprvjmocjp% Rdzp rdvjj xzfao` djkvoemp }jvjnvmkeo|jb oe Alzfalkek! Fzbkxjpr keb Pn#k! }djvj xvncoejer k`kbjco` xvnjppnvpkeb vjxvjpjerkrowjp n wkvonzp oebzprvokapj`rnvp krrjebjb kp pxjkijvp% Rdjpj djkv#

oemp jtkcoejb Panwjeok! Vnckeok! rdj@|j`d Vjxzfao`! Dzemkvy! Xnakeb! Jprneok!Fzamkvok! Akrwok! Aordzkeok keb Panwkiok%_nz kvj dnaboem rdj eboemp n rdjpj rdvjjdjkvoemp oe ynzv dkeb%

Rdj @@CO }kerjb rn dkwj kep}jvp rn {zjp#ronep aoij< dn} bob rdjpj nzervojp ckekmjrdj rvkeporone rn ckvijr j`nency! annioemkapn kr rdj bvk}fkìp! rjeponep keb xvnf#ajcp jtxjvoje`jb oe rdj `nzvpj n rdoprvkepnvckrone xvn`jpp> ]dkr pz``jppjpkeb koazvjp `ke rdjy `kaa rdjov n}e! keb}dkr kvj rdj bjeoem k`rnvp rdkr dkwjvjpzarjb oe rdjc> ]dkr `ke fj ajkver vncjk`d nrdjv rn ckekmj vjprvz`rzvoem! oe#bzprvoka dkemj keb rvkeporone oe mjejvka oe

k fjrrjv ckeejv> Kvj rdjvj key fjpr xvk`#ro`jp! keb o pn! `nzab rdjy fj jt`dkemjb!rvkepjvvjb vnc nej `nzervy rn kenrdjv>

Kenrdjv wjvy ocxnvrker koc }kp rn pjjdn} JZ#k``jppone oezje`jb rdj bjwja#nxcjer n rdj j`nency keb jpxjòkaayoebzprvoka `dkemjp% Rdjvjnvj! rdj @@COjtkcoejb rdj jj`rp n xvjxkvkronep nv

JZ#cjcfjvpdox ne rdj oebzprvoka pj`rnvp$&fjnvj&/! keb annijb ànpjay kr rdj bj#wjanxcjerp oe rdj xjvonb poe`j rdj bkrjn k``jppone $&krjv&/% Op rdjvj k xkaxkfajxvnmvjpp rdkr `ke bovj`ray fj aoeijb rn rdjJZ#cjcfjvpdox> Rdj &fjnvj& keb &krjv&bjwjanxcjerp }jvj jtkcoejb oe rdj aomdrn rdj Aopfne prvkrjmy mnkap%

Rdj xvjpjerkronep kr rdj djkvoemp dkwjpdn}e rdkr rdj rvkeporone xvn`jpp }kp jt#rvjcjay bojvjer oe jk`d `nzervy% Rdj vj#nvcp }jvj fkpjb ne rdj ajwja n jervkao|k#rone! j`nenco` prvz`rzvj kp }jaa kp ne rdjkrrorzbj nv vjnvcp }ordoe rdj xnxzakrone%]j dkwj nzeb rdkr bovj`r oebzprvoka xnao`y$oe rdj pjepj n bovj`r pzxxnvr n xkvro`z#

akv pj`rnv/ }kp zpjb neay vkvjay% Rdjvj }jvjjwje pomep n en vjka oebzprvoka xnao`y oe`jvrkoe `nzervojp% Oebzprvoka xnao`y }kp fk#po`kaay `ne`jervkrjb ne oebovj`r pzxxnvrn rdj mjejvka j`nenco` jewovnecjer%Fzoaboem n prvnem xvowkrj keb `ncxjro#rowj pj`rnvp! krrvk`roem rdj nvjome bovj`roewjprcjerp keb pjrroem rdj pjr n `nbjppj`zvoem mnnb jervjxvjejzvp fjdkwonv

}jvj rdj ijy oppzjp% Rdop xvn`jpp }kp enrke jkpy rkpi9 or ekrzvkaay `kcj rn pncj bop#rzvfke`jp% Copzpoem n ckvijr xn}jv nv


6/44


7/44:

enr vjkaay rvkepxkvjer xvowkropkrone xvk`#ro`jp n``zvvjb oe jk`d `nzervy% Fzr ne rdj}dnaj! rdj rvkeporone xvn`jpp `ke fj `ne#pobjvjb kp k pz``jpp prnvy oe kaa n rdjpj`nzervojp! vjpzaroem oe JZ#k``jppone%

O oeworj ynz rn przby nzv vjxnvr keb rn ckijmnnb zpj n or9 }j dnxj rdkr rdj @@CO `ke`nervofzrj rn k fjrrjv zebjvprkeboem n rdjj`nenco` bjwjanxcjer oe rdj ej} cjc#fjv prkrjp keb rdkr rdop vjxnvr }oaa `ncxaj#cjer rdj @nccoppone-p `ncczeo`krone

ne &Gowj yjkvp n ke jeakvmjb JZ&! }do`d

kocp rn kppjpp rdj j`nenco` ocxao`kronep

n jeakvmjcjer nv nab keb ej} Cjcfjv

Prkrjp oe nvbjv rn objeroy prvjemrdp keb

}jkiejppjp keb rdj ocxao`kronep oe rjvcp

n xnao`ojp%

O }opd ynz xajkpker vjkboem%

Lnnpr wke Ojvpja

@dkovcke! @@CO


8/447

@ncxkvopne ng oebzprvoka rvkepgnvckrone cnbjap

oe rdj ej} Cjcfjv Prkrjp

Vjxnvr bvkgrjb zebjv rdj `n#nvboekrone ng Cv% Wakbocov Iwjrke!bjajmkrj ng rdj @@CO


9/44

Oervnbz`rone

Oe 6884! rdj JJP@-p @@CO djab k pjvojp n pjcoekvp kocjb kr mkvejvoemoenvckrone kfnzr rdj cklnv coajprnejp oe rdj `dkemj n j`nenco`xvoe`oxajp oe rdj `nzervojp n @jervka keb Jkprjve Jzvnxj% Rdj xvocjkoc }kp rn xoexnoer rdj ijy xnaoro`ka keb j`nenco` bj`oponep rdkrxzr oe xak`j rdj oebzprvoka prvz`rzvj rdjpj `nzervojp dkwj rnbky% Rdvjjdjkvoemp }jvj djab oe 6884< oe Alzfalkek! Fzbkxjpr keb Pnk% Jk`dpjcoekv xvnajb rdvjj `nzervojp $nzv oe rdj `kpj n Pnk/ keb jk`d}kp bowobjb oern k`kbjco` keb xvk`ro`j pjpponep% Oe rdj k`kbjco`xkvr! j`nencoprp keb rdj cnwjvp fjdoeb j`nenco` vjnvcp pjr nzrrdj cklnv akebckvip oe rdj rvkeporone xvn`jpp oe rdjov `nzervojp% Rdjxvk`ro`ka xkvr oaazprvkrjb rdj ocxk`r n j`nenco` rvkepnvckrone ne k

`dnpje pj`rnv n rdj j`nency% Rdop fvn`dzvj op fkpjb ne rdj xvjpje#rkronep bjaowjvjb kr rdj djkvoemp fy jtxjvrp oe xkvro`zakv jabp%

=


10/44

Rdj vpr pjcoekv rnni xak`j oe Alzfalkek! Panwjeok! oe Ckv`d 6884%Rdj rnxo` }kp oebzprvoka rvkepnvckrone oe rdkr `nzervy! rdj @|j`dVjxzfao` keb Fzamkvok% Lnj Cjeòemjv! en} xvnjppnv kr AlzfalkekZeowjvpory keb bjxzry xvocj coeoprjv keb coeoprjv nv j`nenco` k#kovp bzvoem rdj `dkemjp! rkìajb rdj j`nenco` rvkepnvckrone oe dop`nzervy% Rdj Vnckeoke jtxjvoje`j }kp xvjpjerjb fy rdj bjke n rdj

Gk`zary n Goekeòka Ckekmjcjer keb K``nzerke`y kr Fz`dkvjpr-pPxovz Dkvjr Zeowjvpory! Xvnjppnv Mdjnvmdj \kcke% Rvkepnvckroneoe rdj @|j`d Vjxzfao` }kp `nwjvjb fy rdj vj`rnv n Xvkmzj-p Zeowjv#pory n J`nenco`p keb Ckekmjcjer! Xvnjppnv Coake i% Rdj xvk`#ro`ka pj`rone p`vzroeopjb rdj jj`rp n j`nenco` rvkepnvckrone nerdj `djco`ka oebzprvy% Rdj @|j`d Vjxzfao` }kp vjxvjpjerjb fy Lnpj\fnoa! cjcfjv n rdj JJP@.@@CO keb n rdj @nejbjvkrone n Oebzp#rvy n rdj @|j`d Vjxzfao`% Pkcn Dvofkv Coao! mjejvka ckekmjv n rdjPanwjej @dkcfjv n @nccjv`j keb Oebzprvy! annijb kr dop `nzervy-p

`djco`ka oebzprvy% Dj }kp pj`nebjb fy Wkebk Xjlki! wo`j#xvjpobjern rdj Kppnòkrone n Jcxanyjvp n Panwjeok% Pdj domdaomdrjb dn} rdjj`nenco` `dkemjp dkb kj`rjb Panwjeoke }nvijvp% Rdj jwnaz#rone keb prkrj n rdj Vnckeoke `djco`ka pj`rnv }jvj bj#p`vofjb fy rdj xvjpobjer n rdj Rjvkxok oebjxjebjerrvkbj zeone! Kemjak Xnx%

44


11/44??

Djab oe Fzbkxjpr! Dzemkvy! oe Kxvoa 6884! rdj pj`neb djkvoem bjkarxvockvoay }ord rdj j`nenco` rvkeporone oe rdj dnpr `nzervy! Xnakebkeb Jprneok% Rdj xvk`ro`ka pjmcjer n`zpjb ne rdj `neprvz`rone oe#bzprvy% Rdj k`kbjco` xkvr }kp nxjejb fy Xvnjppnv Xrjv inp Fnb nrdj Gk`zary n J`nenco` Xnao`y kr Fzbkxjpr-p Zeowjvpory n J`nenco`Pòje`jp% Dj }kp rvkbj keb oebzprvy coeoprjv vnc ;??8 rn ;??; keb

mnwjvenv n rdj Dzemkvoke `jervka fkei keb vnc ;??; rn ;??2% Rdj`dkemjp oe Xnakeb }jvj pjr nzr fy Co`dk Mv|ypio! ke j`nencoprkr rdj @jervj nv Pnòka keb J`nenco` Vjpjkv`d $@KPJ/% Kakvo Xzvlz!xvnjppnv kr rdj Jprneoke Fzpoejpp P`dnna keb nvcjv kbwopnv rn rdjcoeoprjv nv j`nenco` kkovp! mkwj ke oepomdr oern dop nzervy-p jtxjvo#je`jp n j`nenco` rvkepnvckrone% Nwjvwoj}p n rdj porzkrone oe rdjfzoaboem pj`rnv oe rdj wkvonzp nzervojp }jvj xvnwobjb fy Lenp Ekmyn Kafk Mjnrvkbj \vr! Jb}kvb P|}kv`! Wo`j#xvjpobjer n rdj Xnaopd Kp#pnòkrone n @neprvz`rone Oebzprvy Jcxanyjvp! keb Xvnjppnv Vnnbj

Aookp n Rkaaoee Zeowjvpory n Rj`denanmy%

Rdj rdovb djkvoem }kp djab kr rdj fjmoeeoem n N`rnfjv 6884 oe Pnk!Fzamkvok% Rdj djkbaoej oppzj djvj }kp rdj rvkepnvckrone n rdj oebzp#rvoka pj`rnv oe Fzamkvok! Aordzkeok! Akrwok keb Panwkiok% Pxjkijvp }jvjrdj bovj`rnv n rdj Oeprorzrj n J`nenco`p n rdj Fzamkvoke K`kbjcyn Pòje`jp! Corin Bocorvnw! keb rdj bovj`rnv n rdj Oeprorzrj n J`n#enco`p n rdj Akrwoke K`kbjcy n Pòje`jp! Vkork Ikverj% Ljikrjvoek

Vnlkik! Pjeonv Kekaypr kr BeF ENVB Fkei-p J`nenco` Vjpjkv`d

Zeor! vjakrjb Aordzkeok-p jtxjvoje`j keb Lkvnpakw Wninze n rdjOeprorzrj n J`nenco`p n rdj Panwki K`kbjcy n Pòje`jp vkerdvnzmd rdj cnbja n oebzprvoka rvkepnvckrone oe Panwkiok% Bop#`zppone oe rdj xvk`ro`ka pj`rone annijb kr rdj jaj`rvnrj`deo`kaoebzprvy% Pxjkijvp djvj }jvj Vzcje Krkekpnw! Xvjpobjer n rdjFzamkvoke Kppnòkrone n Jaj`rvo`ka Jemoejjvoem keb Jaj`rvneo`p!Fvneozp Vkpockwoozp! Xvjpobjer n rdj Aordzkeoke Ekroneka Kp#pnòkrone n rdj Jaj`rvnrj`deo`ka Oebzprvy! keb Le Nvkwj` n rdjPanwki Ekroneka Zeone n Jcxanyjvp% Ljwmjeolk Prkaob|kej n rdj

fnkvb n rdj Gvjj Rvkbj Zeone @nejbjvkrone n Akrwok keb xvjpo#bjer n &Jejvmy&! rdj Akrwoke jejvmy }nvijvp- rvkbj zeone! pjr nzr

rdj ocxk`r n j`nenco` rvkepnvckrone ne Akrwoke }nvijvp%


12/448

;% Gvnc `jervkaay xakeejb j`nency rn gvjj ckvijr

Bjwjanxcjerp oe rdj `nzervojp n @jervka keb Jkprjve Jzvnxj kr rdjjeb n rdj ;?48p pdn}jb rdkr jervkaay xakeejb j`nencojp keb nc#czeopr pnòjrojp }jvj zerjekfaj% Rdj zepzprkoekfoaory n k pnòjryckekmjb kanem rdjpj aoejp zpdjvjb oe zebkcjerka keb bvkckro`

{zkaorkrowj `dkemjp% Jwjerp ckbj or ocxjvkrowj nv rdjpj `nzervojp rnrvkepnvc rdjov xnaoro`ka keb j`nenco` nzebkronep% Or }kp k xjvonb}dje pnòjry àkcnzvjb nv xnaoro`ka xazvkaory! xvowkrj n}ejvpdox kebk ckvijr#nvojerjb j`nency% Rocj }nzab vjwjka rdkr rdj xnaoro`ka pyp#rjc }kp vjakrowjay jkpy rn vjfzoab% @dkemoem rn k ckvijr j`nency}kp oe`ncxkvkfay cnvj bog`zar%

Or }kp k xvn`jpp zeo{zj oe doprnvy% Rdjvj }kp en vnkb ckx nv rdnpjkpdoneoem rdj ej} j`nenco` vjkaory% Jk`d `nzervy dkb rn `dnnpj orpn}e xkrd keb dn} kv keb dn} {zoìay or pnzmdr rn kvvy nzr vjnvcp%Rdjpj vjnvcp dkb rn rkij oern k``nzer rdj xnporone rdj xkvro`zakv`nzervojp }jvj prkvroem vnc rdj ajwja n bjwjanxcjer! rdj oebzp#rvoka ckijzx! rdj bjmvjj n `jervkaopkrone keb! enr ajkpr! rdj cnnb nrdj nzervy%

Krjv rdj vpr yjkvp n rvkepnvckrone! xkvroòxkrone oe k ej} òwoa pn#òjry kp xkvr n k fvnkbjv Jzvnxjke kvjk fj`kcj rdj nwjvvoboem mnka%Oe rocj! lnoeoem rdj Jzvnxjke Zeone fj`kcj rdj ckoe koc n rdj vj#nvcp% Rdop }kp `vn}ejb }ord pz``jpp }ord rdj JZ k``jppone oe 6882

n rdj @|j`d Vjxzfao`! Jprneok! Aordzkeok! Akrwok! Dzemkvy! Xnakeb!Panwjeok keb Panwkiok% R}n yjkvp akrjv! oe 6887! Fzamkvok keb Vnckeoknaan}jb rdjc oe lnoeoem rdj zeone n `nnxjvkrone keb xvnpxjvory oeJzvnxj rdkr rdj Jzvnxjke Zeone jcfnbojb%


13/44;;

Rdj xkvkcnzer koc n rdj rvkepnvckrone xvn`jpp }kp rn vjprnvj rdjfkake`j n k vjka j`nency% Oerjvekroneka bowopone n akfnzv! xakeejbrkvmjrp! vjakrowjay `djkx vk} ckrjvokap keb nrdjv oexzrp nv oebzprvykeb kacnpr en `ncxjrorone< kaa n rdop dkb jemjebjvjb ke ze}ojaby!nfpnajrj keb akfnzv#oerjepowj nvc n oebzprvoka xvnbz`rone% K ej}oebzprvoka prvz`rzvj dkb rdjvjnvj rn fj oeprkaajb }do`d }nzab rkij

orp xak`j oe k ej} ncxjrorowj jewovnecjer }ordoe rdj JZ% Rdj vzòkajajcjer! rdje! }kp rn rvkepnvc oebzprvy kp rdj j`nenco` fkìfnejn rdjpj `nzervojp bjwjanxcjer% Bjpxorj mvkwj j`nenco` bog`zarojpkp rvkepnvckrone mnr zebjv }ky! kaa rdj `nzervojp ckekmjb rn vkopjrdjov MBX oe rdj nzvpj n rocj! ckoeay rdvnzmd xzpdoem zx oebzprvokanzrxzr% Ke oezt n Gnvjome Bovj`r Oewjprcjer $GBO/! }do`d djaxjbrn fnnpr rdjov mjejvka j`nenco` vkeioem oe rdj }nvab! }kp kenrdjvocxnvrker jemoej%

Nzv xvocj mnka djvj op rn xvnwobj ke nwjvwoj} n jwjerp oe rdj ej}Cjcfjv Prkrjp bzvoem rdj akpr r}jery yjkvp keb rn pdn} }dkr aojpfjdoeb rdjov pz``jpp% Rdj oerjerone op rn djax vjkbjvp }dn kvj enrvnc rdj Jkprjve Fan` `nzervojp rn zebjvprkeb rdj jenvcnzp j#nvrp ckbj fy j`nenco` xnao`y ckijvp keb pnòjry kp k }dnaj }do`dajb rn rdj jcjvmje`j n k envcka ckvijr j`nency% Rdnpj }dn ncjvnc rdjpj `nzervojp }oaa fj kfaj rn `ncxkvj rdj bojvjer mzopjp rdjrvkepnvckrone xvn`jpp rnni% Rdjy }oaa kapn bop`nwjv }djrdjv pncjvjnvcp `nzab dkwj fjje dkebajb fjrrjv keb! j{zkaay! }djrdjv rdjy

dkb key}djvj fjje ke ze{zkaojb pz``jpp%


14/446

6% Boggjvjer doprnvo`ka fk`imvnzebp

Jk`d n rdj Jkprjve Fan` `nzervojp pjr nzr zxne rdj rvkepnvckronexvn`jpp kanem k bojvjer xkrd% Rdj }ky vjnvcp }jvj rn fj `kvvojb nzrbjxjebjb ne rdj cjkpzvj n `jervkaopkrone! rdj prvz`rzvj n rdj j`ne#ncy keb dn} cz`d pzxxnvr rdjvj }kp mjejvkaay nv orp rvkepnvck#

rone% Cnvj rdke k dka n rdj ej} Cjcfjv Prkrjp `kcj oern jtoprje`jkr rdj fjmoeeoem n rdj ;??8p keb rdop }kp ke ocxnvrker jajcjer oerdj xvn`jpp% Rdjpj `nzervojp dkb rn fvoem oe rdjov n}e `dkemjpkeb `vjkrj rdj oeprorzronep rdkr }nzab bovj`r rdj ocxajcjerk#rone n vjnvcp%

]dkr cnpr bjrjvcoejb rdj prkvroem xnporone }kp rdjbjmvjj n jervkaopkrone% Ne rdj nej dkeb! rdjvj }jvj`nzervojp pz`d kp @|j`dnpanwkiok! Vnckeok keb Fza#mkvok! }do`d dkb jerovjay `jervkaopjb j`nencojp% Kpxkvr n rdj ZPPV! rdj Fkaro` `nzervojp }jvj pocoakvayxak`jb% Oe rdjpj nzervojp! kaa rdj cjkep n xvnbz`#rone }jvj oe rdj dkebp n rdj prkrj% Or bjrjvcoejbrdj wnazcj keb xvo`j n nzrxzr! `nervnaajb rdj #eke`oka n}p keb pdkvjb nzr rdj xvnr% Gnv nvryyjkvp! rdjvj }kp en xvowkrj pj`rnv% Kp k vjpzar! keyjervjxvjejzvoka ien}#dn} keb kfoaory dkb kacnprbojb nzr% Rdj j`nenco` `dkemjp oe rdjpj `nzervojp

}jvj kaa rdj cnvj bog`zar poe`j ke oebjxjebjer kebbj`jervkaopjb ejr}nvi n pckaa keb cjbozc#po|jb jerjv#xvopjp dkb rn fj `vjkrjb kej}% Ne rdj nrdjv dkeb! }j dkwj`nzervojp pz`d kp Panwjeok! Dzemkvy keb Xnakeb% Djvj k xkvrokaxvowkrj pj`rnv `neroezjb rn nxjvkrj keb pn rdj rvkboronep n n}ejv#pdox dkb enr fjje pjwjvjb% Or cnpray `ncxvopjb kmvo`zarzvj keb pckaafzpoejppjp! ckoeay oe vjrkoa keb pjvwo`jp% Panwjeok jwje dkb pncj akvmjoebjxjebjer pja mnwjveoem `ncxkeojp%


15/44;0

Rdjvj }jvj ckeojpr bojvje`jp oe rdj ajwja n j`nenco` bjwjanx#cjer keb oebzprvy oe rdjpj `nzervojp% Oe rdop vjpxj`r! rdjy kaa oernrdvjj `krjmnvojp% Rdj Fkaike `nzervojp Fzamkvok keb Vnckeok dkb aor#raj bjwjanxjb oebzprvoka xvnbz`rone rn pxjki n! }ord cnpr oebzprvybkroem vnc rdj xnpr#}kv xjvonb% Ej} `ncxkeojp }jvj nrje pjr zx}ordnzr key zebjvayoem j`nenco` `ne`jxr% ]dje rdjy }jvj fzoar!

p`ker krrjerone }kp xkob rn }djrdjv rdjvj }jvj pzgòjer vk} ckrj#vokap nv jejvmy oe rdj kvjk% K cklnv pdnvr`ncoem }kp rdj akì n kb#j{zkrj `neej`ronep fjr}jje xvockvy pzxxaojvp keb rdj xvnbz`ronen eopdjb mnnbp% Akvmj xakerp }jvj nrje fzoar ejkv akfnzv nv`jpkeb fj`kcj rdjov pnaj jcxanyjv% Rdj xnporone n @jervka Jzvnxjke`nzervojp pz`d kp Panwjeok! rdj @|j`d Vjxzfao`! Dzemkvy! Xnakeb kebPanwkiok bojvjb paomdray% Rdjy dkb oedjvorjb ke kbwke`jb oebzprvokapj`rnv vnc fjnvj rdj }kv }do`d mkwj rdjc k pnzeb rj`denanmo`kadoerjvakeb% Xvnbz`rone }kp `ne`jervkrjb oe oebzprvoka dzfp }ord rdjej`jppkvy oevkprvz`rzvj% Nzrxzr djvj dkb rvkboronekaay nzeb ckvijrpoe ]jprjve Jzvnxj% Rdjpj `nzervojp fzoar zx k ej} xnpr#}kv oebzprvyne k pyprjc n pnòka xakeeoem% Rdj Fkaro` `nzervojp dkb fjje nej nrdj oebzprvokaay keb rj`denanmo`kaay kbwke`jb xkvrp n rdj ZPPV% Nerdj nrdjv dkeb! rdjy }jvj rnn pckaa rn `ncxjrj wjvy jj`rowjay oeej} ckvijrp%

Rdj xnpr#`ncczeopr `nzervojp dkb rn vjbjej rdjov kxxvnk`d rn nv#jome rvkbj% Fjnvj rvkepnvckrone }kp akze`djb! rdjov j`nencojp dkb

fjje oerjvaoeijb }ordoe @NCJ@NE% Rdjy `nnxjvkrjb zebjv k pyprjcn xakeejb bowopone n akfnzv ne ke oerjvekroneka p`kaj% Kr rdj pkcjrocj! dn}jwjv! rdjvj }kp k pomeo`ker bjckeb nv fnrd oewjprcjerkeb `nepzcjv xvnbz`rp vnc ]jprjve Jzvnxj% Aofjvkaopkrone n nv#jome rvkbj rzvejb nzr rn fj rdj ijy ajwjv n j`nenco` rvkepnvckrone%Or rvommjvjb k po|jkfaj fnnpr oe ocxnvrp vnc ]jprjve Jzvnxj keb! krrdj pkcj rocj! k bvnx oe jtxnvrp rn rdj @NCJ@NE `nzervojp% Bjpxorjrdj an}jv `nprp n bncjpro` xvnbz`rp! bjckeb nv rdjc jaa pdkvxay%

Oe rdjpj òv`zcprke`jp! `ncxkeojp nxrjb rn xak`j rdjov xvnbz`rp oenrdjv ckvijrp! bjpxorj rdj mvjkrjv bog`zary oe eboem `zprncjvp%


16/442


17/44

Rdj kvvowka n ej} `nzervojp ne rdj ckx n Jzvnxj }kp ke ocxnvrkerk`rnv oe rdj j`nenco` rvkepnvckrone n @jervka keb Jkprjve Jzvnxj%Rdj Fkaro` `nzervojp fvnij k}ky vnc rdj ZPPV! Panwjeok mkoejb orpoebjxjebje`j vnc _zmnpakwok keb @|j`dnpanwkiok bowobjb oern r}npnwjvjome nzervojp% Rdj vjkpnep nv rdjpj pòpponep! dn}jwjv! }jvj bo#jvjer% Rdj Fkaro` `nzervojp dkb fj`ncj xkvr n rdj ZPPV oe rdj ;?28p

naan}oem rdj Cnanrnw Voffjervnx Xk`r% Kr rdj jeb n rdj ;?48p! Xjv#jprvnoik keb j`nenco` rvkepnvckrone zjaajb k bjpovj nv oebjxjeb#je`j keb rdjy bjàkvjb oebjxjebje`j oe ;??;% Pkwj nv pncj coenvdnproaorojp oe Aordzkeok oe Lkezkvy ;??;! rdjy fvnij k}ky xjk`jzaay%Oe @|j`dnpanwkiok! rdj porzkrone }kp bojvjer kmkoe! }ord jk`d xkvr nrdj jbjvkrone rkioem orp n}e xkrd rn j`nenco` rvkepnvckrone% Rdjxvnfajc `kcj rn djkb cnpray fj`kzpj n bopkmvjjcjer kfnzr rdjxvoeòxajp! xn}jvp keb prkrzp n rdj r}n vjxzfao`p keb rdj jbjvkrone%

Rdj xnaoro`ka bocjepone n rdop bownv`j `ke fj xvjpjerjb fy enr dkw#oem k xajfopòrj% Rdj `ncczeopr vjmocj oe _zmnpakwok }kp rnxxajb krrdj prkvr n ;??8% Pdnvray krjv}kvbp! Panwjeok keb @vnkrok rnni rdjovvpr prjxp rn}kvbp oebjxjebje`j% Rdj Panwjeokep wnrj nv or oe k vj#jvjebzc keb or }kp bjàkvjb ne 6: Lzej ;??;% K rje#bky }kv fvnijnzr rdj bky krjv% Rdj _zmnpakw Xjnxajp Kvcy cnwjb oern Fjamvkbjkrjv Panwjeok dkb cnzerjb pro vjpoprke`j% Rdj fkrraj rdje pdorjb rn@vnkrok% Dkwoem pj`zvjb rdjov oebjxjebje`j! rdjpj `nzervojp dkb en}enr neay rn rkìaj j`nenco` rvkepnvckrone! fzr kapn rdj kbboroneka`dkaajemj n `vjkroem rdj ej`jppkvy oeprorzronep keb oervnbzòem kebprkfoaopoem k ej} `zvvje`y%

O rdjy }jvj rn jcfkvi zxne rdj `nzvpj n j`nenco` rvkepnvckrone!xvowkropkrone }kp oejworkfaj% Rdjy kapn dkb rn bjvjmzakrj xvo`jp kebnvjome rvkbj keb jepzvj k vjjay `newjvrofaj `zvvje`y% Rdj oerjerone}kp nv xvowkropkrone rn `vjkrj k fom jenzmd xvowkrj pj`rnv keb dje`jk `ncxjrorowj fzpoejpp akebp`kxj% Xvo`j bjvjmzakrone }kp rn kbbvjppxvo`j ocfkake`jp oe mnnbp keb pjvwo`jp% Nej n rdj ijy vj{zovjcjerp}kp rn prvjkcaoej rdj rkt pyprjc keb jtrjeb or rn `nwjv prkxajp% Rdjprkrj kapn dkb rn vjaoe{zopd `jervka xvo`j `nervnap% Nxjeoem zx nvjomervkbj }kp aoij}opj oerjebjb rn fnnpr `ncxjrorone% Rdop! rnmjrdjv }ordk vjjay `newjvrofaj `zvvje`y! zpdjvjb oe vjj `vnppfnvbjv rvkbj oemnnbp keb pjvwo`jp%

Jk`d n rdj xnpr#`ncczeopr `nzervojp jcfkvijb zxne rdj rvkepnv#ckrone xvn`jpp oe orp n}e }ky% Xnakeb keb @|j`dnpanwkiok `dkvrjb k

vkbo`ka vjnvc xkrd% @nzervojp pz`d kp Panwjeok nxrjb nv k mvkbzka kx#xvnk`d% Pncj! pz`d kp Vnckeok! }jer nv k `ncfoekrone n rdj r}n%

;:


18/447

0% Boggjvjer xvowkropkrone cjrdnbp

Rdj ckoe rkpi n oebzprvoka rvkepnvckrone }kp rn vj`nemzvj rdj

n}ejvpdox n rdj cjkep n xvnbz`rone% Prkrj#n}ejb `ncxkeojp

dkb rn fj rzvejb oern xvowkrj vcp rn ckij rdjc cnvj jòjer

keb pzxxaj% K ej} prvz`rzvj n pckaa keb cjbozc#po|jb `ncxk#

eojp }kp `vjkrjb rn rdop jeb% Rdj xnpr#`ncczeopr `nzervojp bo#jvjb ckvijbay enr neay oe rdj bjmvjj n `jervkaopkrone! fzr kapn

oe rdj nvc n xvowkropkrone% Ajr zp rzve! rdje! rn }dkr xvowkropkrone

annijb aoij oe rdj wkvonzp `nzervojp%

Oe Fzamkvok!

rdj xvn`jpp rnni n oe ;??6! }ord k ezcfjv n cjrdnbp fjoemzpjb% Nej vj{zjeray jcxanyjb }kp xnna xvowkropkrone% Rdop oe#wnawjb pjaaoem n akvmj `ne`jvep ckoeay rn oerjvekroneka xvowkro#pkrone kmjeòjp% Rdjpj zpjb rdj XKRK xvnmvkccj! }do`d nxjvkr#jb ne rdj fkpop n xvowkropkrone zebp eke`jb fy rdj `nzervojpn rdj Jzvnxjke Zeone% Kanempobj rdop xvnmvkccj! oerjvekrone#ka `nepzarkeòjp zebjb fy ZPKOB keb rdj ]nvab Fkei kapn rnnixkvr oe xvowkropkrone% Rdjvj }jvj kapn xzfao` pdkvj njvoemp oeprkrj `ncxkeojp ne rdj prnì ckvijr% Rdj xvowkropkrone kmje`ykvvkemjb bovj`r pkajp keb kz`ronep% Ckey PCJp }jvj xvowkropjbrdvnzmd ckekmjcjer#jcxanyjj fzy#nzrp $CJFNp/% Oebowobzka

coeoprvojp akze`djb rjebjvp rn xvowkropj pckaa keb cjbozc#po|jb jerjvxvopjp nv }do`d rdjy }jvj vjpxnepofaj% Xvowkropkronewnz`djvp }jvj zpjb nv wkvonzp rvkepk`ronep! oeàzboem CJFNp%@ncxjrorone }kp kaan}jb fjr}jje xnrjeroka fzyjvp }ord jordjv`kpd nv wnz`djvp% Oebowobzkap nzab kxxay bovj`ray nv rdvnzmd xvo#wkropkrone zebp%


19/44

oe rdj @|j`d Vjxzfao`

Xvowkropkrone ioìjb n oe ;??; kp xkvr n k fvnkb xkìkmj nvjprvz`rzvoem vjnvcp xzr nv}kvb fy rdj @|j`dnpanwki mnw#jvecjer% Or rnni rdvjj fkpo` nvcp% Vjprorzrone pnzmdr rn vjrzvexvnxjvry ekronekaopjb oe ;?24 rn orp n}ejvp keb vjoeprkrj `nero#

ezory n n}ejvpdox% Rdop pjvwjb ckoeay rn xvowkropj pckaa ncxk#eojp keb vjka jprkrj! oeàzboem kmvo`zarzvka akeb% Rdj koc n rdjpckaa xvowkropkrone p`djcj }kp rn `vjkrj k ejr}nvi n PCJp oe`vkr oebzprvojp! vjrkoa keb pjvwo`jp% Rdop bj`jervkaopjb rdj akvmjekroneka ejr}nvip rn }do`d rdjpj zebjvrkioemp fjanemjb krrdj rocj% Xvowkropkrone n pckaa `ncxkeojp }kp jj`rjb xvock#voay rdvnzmd xzfao` kz`ronep keb rjebjvp% Rdj akvmj xvowkropkronep`djcj }kp zpjb nv fom oebzprvoka `ncxkeojp% Vjproem xvock#voay ne wnz`djvp! or proczakrjb rdj `kxorka ckvijr keb pnzmdr rn

pdn} rdj xzfao` dn} pz`d ckvijrp }nvijb% Ne`j wnz`djvp dkbfjje boprvofzrjb! k r}n#rojv `kxorka ckvijr }kp `vjkrjb% Nejajwja }kp rdj prnì jt`dkemj! rdj nrdjv rdj VC pyprc ncxkeykeb rdj pj`zvorojp jt`dkemj% Rdop ckvijr }kp rn jekfaj rvkboemoe rdj pdkvjp n `ncxkeojp rdkr `nzab enr fj aoprjb ne rdj prnìjt`dkemj%

;=


20/44


21/44

Oe Dzemkvy!

Rdj xvowkropkrone xvn`jpp kapn kaap oern rdvjj prkmjp% Rdj vpr }kprdj pxnerkejnzp xvowkropkrone n rdj yjkvp ;?4? ;??8% Djvj xvo#wkrj oerjvjprp }jvj kwnzvjb keb rdj xjvonb }kp nej n vkcxker`nvvzxrone keb p`ker rvkepxkvje`y% Rdop bjrvocjerka `nzvpj }kpvjwjvpjb oe ;??6 }ord rdj nzebkrone n rdj Dzemkvoke PrkrjDnaboem @ncxkey% K ezcfjv n xvjjvvjb p`djcjp }jvj ocxaj#cjerjb keb xvnxjvry }kp jwje mowje k}ky% Rdj cnpr vj{zjerayzpjb oeprvzcjer }kp rdj jtoprje`j anke! }do`d Dzemkvyp òro#|jep `nzab rkij nzr kr `nccjvòka fkeip keb }do`d dkb k vkrjn oerjvjpr fjan} rdj ajwja n oekrone% Rdjpj ankep `nzab rdjefj zpjb rn fzy prkrj xvnxjvry% Rdj jerovj xvowkropkrone pyprjc oerdj nzervy dkemjb oe ;??2% Rdj nkaorone n aofjvkap keb pnòka#oprp pjr nzr k àjkv xdoanpnxdy nv rdj xvn`jpp% Rdop `nepoprjb oe

ke k``jajvkrjb ao{zobkrone n prkrj kppjrp fy pjaaoem nv `kpd oek fob rn jero`j nvjome oewjprnvp% Rdj eka prkmj n xvowkropkrone}kp akze`djb oe ;??4! fy }do`d rocj neay rvnzfajb `ncxkeojpvjckoejb oe prkrj n}ejvpdox% Or }kp mowje k aaox fy jnvrp rn zrrdj xzfao` eke`j bjòr%

Akrwok

ckbj k `nepònzp bjòpone rn vzaj nzr òro|jepdox kp k `vorjvonenv xvowkropkrone% Key oebowobzka nv `ncxkey }kp kaan}jb rn fzy

prkrj xvnxjvry% Xvowkropkrone }kp rn fj k`dojwjb fy pjaaoem nxvnxjvry keb enrdoem `nzab fj rvkepjvvjb }ordnzr xkycjer%Bovj`r pkajp keb wnz`djvp }jvj rdj xvocj cjrdnbp% Rdj akrrjv}jvj oervnbz`jb oe ;??6 keb xjvcorrjb n}ejvp rn k`{zovj `nc#xkeojp! pdkvjp oe rdjc! nv vjka jprkrj% ]nvijvp `nzab k`{zovj krcnpr 68* n pdkvjp oe k `ncxkey zpoem xvowkropkrone wnz`djvp%Oe jt`jxroneka `kpjp! ckekmjcjer `nzab k`{zovj zx rn 6:* npdkvjp% Rdj prkrj vjrkoejb k jvrkoe prkij oe ncxkeojp rdkr }jvjn prvkrjmo` ocxnvrke`j%

;?


22/44


23/446;6;


24/44

Oe Panwjeok!

xvowkropkrone n`zpjb ne rvkepnvcoem prkrj dnaboemp oern oebj#xjebjer `ncxkeojp% Rdj ckoe rnna djvj }kp rdj xvowkropkronej{zkrone< $;8 ) ;8 ) 68 ) $;#t/,28/ ) $68 ) t,28/ 3 ;88% Rjexjv`jer }kp cnwjb oern k xjepone zeb! k zvrdjv rje xjv`jer

oern k vjprorzrone zeb keb r}jery xjv`jer }jer rn rdj }nvi#jvp `ne`jvejb% Gnvry xjv`jer vjckoejb oe xzfao` dkebp nv }kprvkepnvcjb zpoem k wkazj xzr ne k xkvkcjrjv t% Rdj vjckoeoemr}jery xjv`jer }jer oern k bjwjanxcjer zeb% Kr rdj djkvr nrdj pyprjc }kp rdj wkazj krrvofzrjb rn rdj xkvkcjrjv t! }do`dbjrjvcoejb dn} cz`d }kp ajr oe xzfao` n}ejvpdox% Gnv pckaakeb xvnpxjvoem `ncxkeojp! t }kp pjr kr nej! cjkeoem rdkr rdj}dnaj nvry xjv`jer }kp xvowkropjb kp ke oebjxjebjer `ncxkeyfy ckekmjvp keb }nvijvp% Gnv akvmj karjvoem `ncxkeojp! rdj

wkazj n t }kp pjr kr enzmdr! cjkeoem rdkr rdj prkrj vjrkoejbrdj }dnaj% Gnv nrdjv `ncxkeojp! rdj wkazj }kp pjr pncj}djvjoe fjr}jje keb rdjpj }jvj xvowkropjb zpoem wnz`djvp%

66


25/44


26/4462

Rdj wkvonzp xvowkropkrone rj`deo{zjp dkwj rdvjj `nccne bjenco#ekrnvp% Rdj vpr op vjprorzrone! }do`d vjrzvejb `nep`krjb xvnxjvryrn nvomoeka n}ejvp% Rdop pnzmdr rn npjr kr ajkpr oe xkvr rdj }vnempxjvxjrvkrjb kr k rocj n `ncxzapnvy ekronekaopkrone keb vjprnvj `ne#roezory keb xvnxjvry vomdrp% Oe ckey oeprke`jp! dn}jwjv! rdj xvnxjvryvjrzvejb dkb neay k vjpobzka fnni keb j`nenco` wkazj% Rdj pckaa

xvowkropkrone p`djcj! cnpray oe rdj pdkxj n bovj`r pjaa#np keb kz`#ronep! }kp oerjebjb rn `vjkrj k fvnkb xkajrrj n pckaa keb cjbozc#po|jb ncxkeojp%

Rdjvj }jvj cklnv bojvje`jp oe dn} akvmj `ncxkeojp }jvj xvowk#ropjb% Rdjpj aky xvockvoay oe rdj bjmvjj n ckekmjcjer keb }nvijvoewnawjcjer% Oe `nzervojp pz`d kp Panwjeok keb Vnckeok! cnpr `nc#xkeojp }jvj xvowkropjb zpoem CJFN! }djvjkp rdop }kp rdj jt`jxronevkrdjv rdke rdj vzaj oe rdj @|j`d Vjxzfao` keb Panwkiok% Rdj kx#

xvnk`d rn xvowkropkrone fy nvjome `kxorka kapn bojvjb% ]djvjkp rdjFkaro` `nzervojp nxjejb zx rn nvjome oewjprcjer vnc rdj nzrpjr!rdj `nzervojp n `jervka Jzvnxj n`zpjb ne `vjkroem k bncjpro`}jkard#`vjkroem rojv keb pjr prnvj oe xvnrj`roem bncjpro` oewjp#rnvp%

]doaj xvowkropkrone pz``jjbjb oe vjboprvofzroem xvnxjvry!or kapn dkb orp bvk}fk`ip% Rdjpj nrje oewnawjb jtrvjcj bj#`kxorkaopkrone keb bjoebzprvokaopkrone% Oe ckey `kpjp! rzveoemk {zo`i xvnr `kcj fjnvj key krrjcxr rn pzprkoe `ncxkeymvn}rd% Ej} n}ejvp }jvj xvnej rn kppjr prvoxxoem% Pkbay! or}kp oe nzervojp }djvj xvjjvje`j dkb fjje mowje rn bncjpro`fzyjvp rdkr rdop dkxxjejb% @|j`d `nccjerkrnvp ne j`nenco`rvkepnvckrone vjjvvjb rn rdop kp rzeejaaoem% Rdj oejtxjvoje`jn ej} ckekmjcjerp oe vzeeoem `ncxkeojp oe k ckvijr j`nencykeb }nvab}obj `ncxjrorone ajb rn bjoebzprvokaopkrone% An} akfnzvxvnbz`rowory keb }keoem bjckeb nv bncjpro` xvnbz`rp kr dncj

ljnxkvbopjb rdj xjvnvcke`j n ncxkeojp% Rdj oervnbz`rone n `nc#

xjrorone cj`dkeopcp orpja ckbj nv bog`zarojp% Rdj npr n vk} ckrj#vokap keb akfnzv pnkvjb! ajkboem rn domdjv eka `nprp% Rdop for oern rdj`ncxjrorowjejpp n mnnbp ne nvjome ckvijrp% Xnnv rvkepxkvje`y keb`nvvzxrone nrje xakmzjb rdj xvowkropkrone xvn`jpp% Oe ckey `kpjp!nvjome oewjprnvp xvowkropjb neay rn }vjpr `nervna n rdj ckvijr kebrdje pdzr bn}e rdj `ncxkey rdjy dkb fnzmdr%


27/44

Kardnzmd rdjpj xvowkropkrone cjrdnbp bojvjb vnc nzervy rn `nze#rvy! rdj vjpzar }kp kacnpr rdj pkcj% Jwjvy}djvj! k prvnem xvowkrj prvk#rzc }kp `vjkrjb% Oe pncj! dn}jwjv! pz`d kp Vnckeok keb Panwjeok!prkrj n}ejvpdox proaa xakyp ke ocxnvrker vnaj% Kardnzmd pncj `nze#rvojp prvnemay kwnzvjb bncjpro` n}ejvp! nwjv rocj rdjy kapn kaan}jbnvjome jerorojp oern rdjov ckvijrp% Kaa oe kaa! xvowkropkrone }kp k pz`#

`jpp oe rdj jeb< enr! dn}jwjv! oe rjvcp n jepzvoem ke j{zkfaj vjbop#rvofzrone n xvnxjvry! fzr oe vjkroem k pomeo`ker xvowkrj pxdjvj }ordpzfprkeroka ckvijr xnrjeroka% Rdj ijy xnao`y nv oebzprvoka `dkemj }kprn `vjkrj k pnzeb `ncxjrorowj jewovnecjer% Ckvijr nv`jp keb rdj

krrorzbj n ej} n}ejvp jepzvjb rdj bjcopj n `ncxkeojp rdkr}jvj enr wokfaj oe pz`d ke jewovnecjer% Ne rdj nrdjv dkeb!

xvncopoem `ncxkeojp jcjvmjb rdkr lnoejb nv`jp oerdj ej} j`nenco` vjkaory keb fj`kcj wjvy pnzeb

keb ncxjrorowj jerorojp%

6:


28/44

2% Gnvjome bovj`r oewjprcjerp vjprvz`rzvjb rdjj`nency

J`nenco` rvkepnvckrone dkb rn oeàzbj rdj rvkepnvckrone n cke#zk`rzvoem xvn`jppjp! }do`d }jvj oe rdj ckoe nzrbkrjb% Ckey `nc#xkeojp vj{zovjb ke oezt n ej} rj`denanmojp keb ckekmjvoka pioaap%

Xvowkropkrone fy bncjpro` n}ejvp cjvjay vjboprvofzrjb n}ejvpdox!rdzp `vjkroem k ej} rojv n n}ejvp n ckezk`rzvoem `kxkòry% Or bobenrdoem rn ocxvnwj or% Rdjvj }kp proaa k akì n xdypo`ka kxkòry oe rdj`ncxkey pxdjvj keb rdj fkeioem pj`rnv% @ncxkeojp }jvj dkvb xzrrn pj`zvj ankep nv nrdjv jtrjveka pnzv`jp rn rvkepnvc rdjov rj`den#anmo`ka oevkprvz`rzvj% Oe ckey oeprke`jp! ej} xvnxvojrnvp }jvj kaaojb}ord xnaoro`ka mvnzxoemp keb dkb en ajkv objk dn} rn vze k ncxkey%Oerjvekroneka `nnxjvkrone njvjb k }ky nzr% Prvkrjmo` nvjome xkvr#ejvp keb nvjome bovj`r oewjprcjerp }jvj mowje rdj mn#kdjkb%

Rdj ckoe xvj`jxr n nvjome bovj`r oewjprcjer op rn krrvk`r vjka`kxorka;! ej} rj`denanmojp! ckekmjvoka pioaap keb ckvijrp% Enr kaa`nzervojp }jvj }oaaoem rn nxje rdjov oewjprcjer ckvijrp rn nvjomeoewjprnvp% Env }jvj nvjome oewjprnvp occjbokrjay jekcnzvjb n kaa`nzervojp% Dn}jwjv! r}n ryxjp n oewjprcjerp ke fj mjejvkaay boproe#mzopdjb< xvowkropkrone oewjprcjerp keb k`{zoporonep keb mvjje#jaboewjprcjerp%

]dje or `kcj rn rdj nvcjv! xjnxaj nrje jtxj`rjb enrdoem fzr

fjejrp keb rdjy }jvj `nenzebjb fy }dkr k`rzkaay dkxxjejb%Rdnpj fjdoeb rdj ej} j`nency dnxjb oe rdj ckoe

nv ej} rj`denanmojp! ckekmjcjer cjrdnbpkeb ckvijrp% Rdop }kp ekrzvkaay kppnò#

krjb }ord oe`vjkpjb akfnzv xvnbz`row#ory keb ocxvnwjcjer oe xvnbz`rone!

ajkboem oe rzve rn j}jv lnfp kebnrje zexnxzakv `dkemjp oe rdj

ckezk`rzvoem xvn`jpp% Poe`jcnpr n rdj ej} n}ejvp }jvjoerjvekroneka `ncxkeojp! oc#xvnwoem ckezk`rzvoem xvn`#jppjp oewnawjb bowopone nakfnzv kr rdj ajwja n akvmj ejr#}nvip% Gnvjome oewjprnvp nrje

zpjb bncjpro` `ncxkeojp rnxjejrvkrj rdj ckvijr oe {zjp#

rone! rdzp pdnwoem zx ocxnvrp%

67 ;% Rdj k`rzka eke`jp n rdj ej} n}ejv


29/446=

Jcxanycjer pdvkei kp akfnzv xvnbz`rowory oe`vjkpjb% Oe rdj pnòkaoprpyprjc! xvnbz`rone dkb fjje akfnzv#oerjepowj fj`kzpj akfnzv }kp`djkx% Pzxjvznzp lnfp dkb fjje `vjkrjb rn vjkaopj rdj objk n zaajcxanycjer% Rdj ej} n}ejvp bjòbj rn vjcjby pz`d ze}ja`ncjxdjencjek keb fkeopd dobbje zejcxanycjer vnc rdjov `ncxk#eojp%

Ckey ej} n}ejvp nxrjb rn n`zp zeo{zjay ne `nvj kvjkp n xvnbz`#rone% Oe rdj pnòkaopr xjvonb! akvmj jerjvxvopjp dkb fjje jprkfaopdjbrdkr xvnbz`jb k fvnkb vkemj n mnnbp keb xvnwobjb k vkr n pjvw#o`jp% Rdjpj `ncxkeojp dkb ke jtrjepowj dnvo|nerka prvz`rzvj% Rdjyxvnwobjb enr neay k bowjvpojb xvnbz`r vkemj! fzr kapn oe#`ncxkeypjvwo`jp pz`d kp àjkeoem! ckoerjeke`j keb rvkepxnvr% Ej} n}ejvpxkvjb bn}e rdj prvz`rzvj n rdj nvmkeopkrone keb bopxjepjb }ord vj#bzebker xvnbz`rone% Rdop rdjy dowjb n rn pckaa keb cjbozc#po|jb

`ncxkeojp keb pzfpobokvojp% Rdjy vj`nemzvjb rdjov dno`j n pzxxay`ncxkeojp rn jtrvk`r cktoczc fjejr%

[zorj nrje! nvjome n}ejvp kfzpjb rdjov xnporone oe rdj bncjpro`ckvijr% Rdjy `kxorkaopjb ne rdj mvjkr bjckeb oe rdj xnpr#`nccz#eopr nzervojp kr rdj prkvr n rvkepnvckrone nv xvnbz`rp ckbj oe rdj}jpr% Ej} n}ejvp rnni nwjv rdj jerovj xvnbz`rone keb ckvijrjb orzebjv rdjov n}e fvkeb% Xjnxaj jebjb zx fzyoem rdj pkcj xvnbz`rkp fjnvj! fzr }ord k bojvjer keb cnvj kxxjkaoem akfja% Kp k vjpzar!

bncjpro`kaay n}ejb `ncxkeojp pjjioem rn xvjpjvwj rdjov fvkeb dkbajpp bjckeb nv rdjov xvnbz`rp%

Bjpxorj rdjpj bn}epobjp! kr rdj jeb n rdj bky nvjome oewjprcjer}kp k pz``jpp% Rdj xnpr#`ncczeopr `nzervojp krrvk`rjb oewjprcjer}ord an} akfnzv `nprp! pioaajb }nvijvp keb! enr oevj{zjeray! bovj`rmnwjvecjer pzxxnvr! rdnzmd rdop }kp enr ka}kyp jj`rowj jenzmd%Rdop oewjprcjer fzoar zx ckezk`rzvoem `ncxkeojp oe rdj `nze#rvojp oe {zjprone% Ej} lnfp keb xvnbz`rone `kxkòry }jvj `vjkrjb% Or

fvnzmdr ej} rj`denanmojp keb mvjkrjv kbbjb wkazj oern ckezk`rzv#oem% Or kapn fnnprjb rdj nzrxzr n pzxxaojvp keb pzf`nervk`rnvp%


30/44

Jk`d j`nency dkb k bojvjer krrorzbj rn nvjome oewjprcjer% ]doajPanwjeok keb rdj Fkaro` `nzervojp nxjejb zx rn or kr rdj wjvy nepjrn rvkepnvckrone! rdj @|j`d Vjxzfao` keb Panwkiok oeorokaay rzvejbrdjov fk`ip% Nwjv rocj! dn}jwjv! rdjpj cnvj oervnwjvrjb `nzervojpkapn `kcj rn dkwj domdjv jtxj`rkronep n pz`d oewjprcjer keb rdjyfjmke rn anni nv prvkrjmo` xkvrejvp nv rdjov `ncxkeojp%

Ajr zp rzve rn rdj oewjprcjer rocjaoej% Rdj prkvr n rdj rvkepnvckronexvn`jpp }kp bncoekrjb fy xnvrnaon keb xvowkropkrone oewjprcjer kebk`{zoporonep% Ckey nvjome ncxkeojp vpr xzr rdjov kxorka oern xnpr#`ncczeopr nzervojp keb rdje kzronzpay jbmjb oern ej} rjvvornvojp%Mvjje#jab oewjprcjer neay fjmke ne`j rdj j`nenco` keb xnaoro`kajewovnecjer oe rdjpj `nzervojp dkb prkfoaopjb keb rdj xvn`jpp n JZk``jppone }kp zebjv}ky%

Bovj`r oewjprcjerp kapn bojvjb kp rn rdjov `nzervy n nvomoe% Mjn#mvkxdo`ka! doprnvo`ka keb oebzprvoka `nepobjvkronep }jvj xkvkcnzerdjvj% Rdj P`keboekwoke `nzervojp }jvj wjvy k`rowj oe rdj Fkaro`p% Oe`jervka Jzvnxj! rdj fommjpr oewjprnvp }jvj Mjvckey! Kzprvok kebrdj Ejrdjvakebp% Rdj Fkaikep krrvk`rjb k anr n oewjprcjer vnc rdj`nzervojp n ]jprjve Jzvnxj%

64


31/446?

:% Rdj oebzprvoka xnao`y kmjebk

J`nenco` rdjnvy vj`nmeopjp r}n ryxjp n oebzprvoka xnao`y% Bovj`r oe#bzprvoka xnao`y vjjvp rn jtjvroem oezje`j bovj`ray zxne oebzprvy kppz`d% Rdop xnao`yp oeprvzcjerp n`zp ne bjwjanxoem k `jvrkoe pj`rnvn oebzprvoka nzrxzr% Rdj pj`neb ryxj n oebzprvoka xnao`y ocxoemjp

zxne j`nenco` xvn`jppjp oebovj`ray% Orp oeprvzcjerp nprjv k kwnzv#kfaj j`nenco` jewovnecjer nv oebzprvoka xvnbz`rone rn nzvopd%

Rdj vpr ryxj n oebzprvoka xnao`y }kp zpjb neay vkvjay bzvoem j`nenc#o` rvkepnvckrone% Oe ckey `nzervojp oe rvkeporone! k xkvro`zakv oebzp#rvy nv pj`rnv n rdj j`nency pjvwjb rn xvjpjvwj pnòka dkvcney% Rdop}kp cnpray }djvj rdj zeonep }jvj prvnem nv rdj xvnbz`rone xvn`#jpp }kp djkwoay vjaoker ne ckezka }nvi% Rdj ckoe pj`rnvp djvj }jvjcoeoem! jejvmy keb vkoa}kyp% Rdjy }jvj neay ckvmoekaay kj`rjb fyrvkepnvckrone keb rdj ckoe koc }kp rn pkjmzkvb rdjc vnc pzf#prkeroka `dkemj% Mnwjvecjerp pnzmdr rn prkwj n xvowkropkrone kebkwnob rdj zpj n aky#np rn oe`vjkpj akfnzv xvnbz`rowory% Oe nvmkeo#pkronep rdkr }jvj ckioem anppjp ne k akvmj p`kaj! xvnmvkccjp }jvjoervnbz`jb rn }oeb xvnbz`rone bn}e mvkbzkaay oe k fob rn coeocopjrdj pnòka kaanzr% Ekrzvka }kprkmj rnni xvj`jbje`j nwjv bopcoppkap%Kr rdj djkvr n rdj xnao`y }kp k fvnkb vkemj n pzxxnvr! oeàzboem`nwjvoem ncxkey anppjp%

Rdj pj`neb ryxj n oebzprvoka xnao`y }kp cnvj

`nccneay jcxanyjb bzvoem rdj rvkep#nvckrone xjvonb% Or }kp mjkvjb rnnprjvoem k `nebzòwj j`nenco`jewovnecjer nv oebzprvokamvn}rd keb oewnawjb pjrroemzx rdj kxxvnxvokrj oeprorz#ronep keb ajmopakrone nv kenvcka `ncxjrorowj je#wovnecjer%


32/44


33/440;

7% Bjckeb gnv pioaajb }nvijvp vjckoep

J`nenco` rvkepnvckrone keb {zkaorkrowj `dkemjp oe rdj j`nencydkwj oejworkfay fjje vjj`rjb oe rdj akfnzv ckvijr% Rdop op vkbo`kaaybojvjer vnc }dkr or }kp zebjv k `jervkaay xakeejb j`nency% Krrdkr rocj! rdj vomdr rn }nvi cjker oe jj`r ke nfaomkrone rn bn pn%

Rdj `jervkaay xakeejb j`nency }kp nej n zaa jcxanycjer% Rdop oe#jworkfay cjker nwjvprkgem! dobbje zejcxanycjer keb an} akfnzv`nprp% Rdj j`nenco` rvkepnvckrone xzr rdj pxnraomdr ne akfnzv xvn#bz`rowory keb rdj jg`oje`y n oewjprjb vjpnzv`jp% Rdj akfnzv ckvijrdkb rn vjpxneb rn pzxxay keb bjckeb% Zejcxanycjer }kp k ej}xdjencjene oe rdj xnpr#`ncczeopr j`nencojp keb k cklnv bn}e#pobj n rdj j`nenco` rvkepnvckrone% Pn`oka xvnrj`rone keb pzxxnvroeprvzcjerp dkb rn fj oervnbz`jb oe `nepj{zje`j% K vkemj n oeprvz#

cjerp }kp rdzp fvnzmdr oe rn proczakrj jcxanycjer keb npjr rdjdkvbpdoxp n vjbzebke`y%

0;

;??8 6888 688= ;??8 6888 688= ;??8 6888 688= ;??8 6888 688=

FM 4 =7= 4 77? 4 :?: 44!2 48!; =:!? :6!0 2; 02!? 07!; 0?!; 2;

@\ ;8 076 ;8 08: ;8 0;0 4?!4 =;!0 =8!: :7!0 28!; 0:!0 00!: 0;!6 0:!6

JJ ; :=; ; :74 ; ::: 47!0 4=!4 =?!: :2!7 24!: 28!2 0;!4 0?!2 0?!;

AW 6 774 6 7:4 6 720 42!0 47!= ==!4 :6!0 2=!: 04!: 06!; 0?!6 0?!0

AR 0 7?2 0 =86 0 =87 4:!2 4=!: =?!6 ::!4 :;!4 26!7 6?!7 0:!= 07!7

DZ ;8 0=: ;8 0=0 ;8 0=2 44 ==!= =:!0 :6!: 2;!? 0=!: 0:!: 0:!4 0=!4

XA 04 804 04 ;40 04 08? ?8 4;!6 74!7 76 :;!6 0? 64 08 6?!7

VN 60 6;; 60 ;?6 66 4;8 ?8 46!7 =6!4 78!7 24 0?!0 6?!2 02!7 00!:

PO ; ??7 6 888 ; ??? ==!4 =0!; 7?!; :8!; 28!6 00!= 6=!= 06!? 0:!2

PI : 644 : 0;; : 6?7 ?0!6 == 77!2 72!= 2?!= 0?!6 64!: 6=!6 6=!6

Rnrka ;8: ?=0 ;8:

?70 ;8: 786

Rnrka xnxzakrone$oe rdnzpkebp/

J`nenco`bjxjebje`y oebjt


$ynzem xjnxaj/


$jabjvay/

Rkfaj ;

Pjaj`rjb xnxzakrone oebo`krnvp

Pnzv`j< Jzvnprkr


34/44


35/4400

Rdj akfnzv ckvijr oe rdjpj `nzervojp dkp zebjvmnej vkbo`ka rvkep#nvckrone! }ord ckvijb ocxvnwjcjerp nwjv rdj xkpr pjwje yjkvp%J`nencojp dkwj pjje mvn}rd prkfoaopjb! djaxjb oe akvmj cjkpzvj fyoebo`kronep n pz``jpp oe JZ k``jppone% Kaa rdj `nzervojp pk} jcxany#cjer vopj bzvoem rdop xjvonb! }ord rdj pnaj jt`jxrone n Vnckeok!}do`d vj`nvbjb k ;6* bvnx oe akfnzv bjckeb keb pn fz`ijb rdjmjejvka rvjeb% Cnpr xvnmvjpp oe jcxanycjer mvn}rd }kp vjmoprjvjboe Aordzkeok keb Fzamkvok% Rdj an}jpr zejcxanycjer vkrjp nv rdnpjn }nvioem kmj kvj oe Aordzkeok keb Panwjeok% Rdjvj kvj pomeo`ker bo#jvje`jp oe jcxanycjer vkrjp fjr}jje rdj pjtjp oe pjwjvka nzervojp!}ord rdj Fkaro` `nzervojp pdn}oem k xnporowj rvjeb vjmkvboem j{zkajcxanycjer ajwjap% Oe Akrwok! lnfajppejpp op k`rzkaay domdjv kcnemcje rdke }ncje% Rdj akfnzv ckvijr dkp ckbj pomeo`ker xvnmvjppoe vj`jer rocjp! bjpxorj pjvonzp bog`zarojp kr rdj nzrpjr! keb jcxany#

cjer op en} oe`vjkpoem! }do`d op k `ajkv pome n j`nencojp bjwjanx#oem ne rdj vomdr aoejp%

Rkfaj 0

@dkemjp oe jcxanycjer prvz`rzvj k``nvboem rn EK@J$kfpnazrj bojvje`jp ;??4 688=! oe rdnzpkebp/

FM @\ JJ AW AR DZ XA VN PO PI Rnrka

K)F #:6 #?; #67 #== #;67 #4= #248 #;4?= #;6 #46 #6?08

@ #= #06 e%k% e%k% e%k% #;; #22 #?2 #2 #;? #687

B ?; 7: 6 #;4 #68 #26 67; #006 #;? 7; 24

J 6 #6; #= #0 #;; #0: #27 #72 6 #;0 #;?2

G ;06 #6: 07 =0 =6 ;8: 6? 602 4 00 7?7

M)D)O ;26 #02 ;0 == =; ;7= 0:; ;=8 ;4 =0 ;82=

L)I 4= ;8= ;= 2? 0= ;6: 28: ;6= 6= =? ;878

A#X == ;0; ;6 67 68 72 602 ;;; :0 64 =:=

Rnrka 2=6 ;88 2; ;06 24 647 =;; #;=22 =2 ;:? 6=4

Pnzv`j< Jzvnprkr


36/44


37/440:

Rdj }ky rdj prvz`rzvj n rdj akfnzv ckvijr jwnawjp op `voro`ka nvrvkeporone j`nencojp! poe`j or covvnvp `dkemjp oe rdj prvz`rzvj n rdjj`nency kp k }dnaj% Oe kmvo`zarzvj! rdj oe`vjkpj oe akfnzv xvnbz`row#ory! rdj bvnx oe nzrxzr keb jwje rdj pj`rnvp xkvroka `naakxpj oe pncj`nzervojp }kp vjj`rjb oe k pazcx oe lnfp oe rdj pj`rnv% Rdj jtrvk`#rone oebzprvy }kp kapn dor fy xazccjroem nzrxzr naan}oem rdj àn#

pzvj n anpp#ckioem jerjvxvopjp% Rdop ocxk`rjb kbwjvpjay ne rdj rnrkaezcfjv n }nvijvp oe rdop fvke`d% ]dje or `ncjp rn rdj xvn`jppoemoebzprvy! rdjvj kvj prkvi bojvje`jp fjr}jje `nzervojp% Bjckeb nvakfnzv oe Vnckeok! nv jtkcxaj! }kp }nvpr dor fy j`nenco` rvkepnv#ckrone% Xnakeb! fy `nervkpr! dkb rdj domdjpr vopj n jcxanycjer oerdop pj`rnv% Ckvijr pjvwo`jp! k fvke`d rdkr neay fjmke rn jcjvmj krrdj rocj n j`nenco` rvkepnvckrone! }kp rdj pj`rnv n rdj j`nencyrdkr enr`djb zx rdj domdjpr mvn}rd% Cz`d n rdop mvn}rd `ke fj xzrbn}e rn nzrpnzvòem% ]doaj ncxkey pjvwo`jp dkb fjje pjje xvonv rn

rvkepnvckrone kp xkvr n rdj xvnbz`rone nxjvkrone! rdjy akrjv fvnijk}ky keb fj`kcj pjxkvkrj pjvwo`j jerorojp%

Bjpxorj rdj k`r rdkr jcxanycjer rvjebp oebo`krj k cklnv prjx nv#}kvb! lnfajppejpp vjckoep k pjvonzp xvnfajc% @dkemjp oe rdj prvz`#rzvj n rdj j`nency kvj rdj ckoe k`rnv oe zejcxanycjer rvjebp%Ckey vzvka kvjkp dkwj }orejppjb k bvnx oe akfnzv bjckeb oe kmvo`za#rzvj% Oebzprvy op kapn fkrraoem }ord xvnfajcp% Rdj nxje akfnzv ckvijroe rdj Jzvnxjke Zeone jero`jp `kxkfaj ynzem xvnjpponekap rn pjji

}nvi oe cnvj bjwjanxjb `nzervojp% Ckey n rdj ej} Cjcfjv Prkrjpkvj `nerjeboem }ord k fvkoe bvkoe keb! oe pncj `kpjp! ke jtnbzp nckezka akfnzv% Rdop cjkep rdjy }oaa pnne fj kòem k ej} xvnfajc

Comparison of industrial transformation models in the new member states(Eng)/ Comparación de...

Documents

Transcript of Comparison of industrial transformation models in the new member states(Eng)/ Comparación de...