1. 1. DIFFERENT CIVILIZATIONS EGYPTIAN INDUS VALLEY
2. 2. MAPS OF THE CIVILIZATION
3. 3. EGYPTIAN TOWNS Cities in ancient Egypt grew out of the development of agriculture Settlements and cities were located on the floodplain, with a preference for proximity to the Nile, in order to receive goods by boat and for its source of water. Unlike temples and tombs, most housing and public buildings in these cities and settlements were made of mudbrick throughout pharaonic times and shifts in the course of the Nile
4. 4. INDUS TOWNS In Mohenjo-Daro the streets run in straight lines and are crossed by others at right angles Wide streets and thoroughfares were common. Sanitation and cleanliness as bath rooms were used and proper drainage system was found in all buildings Excellent water-supply was maintained as wells were used
5. 5. Caste system EGYPTIAN INDUS VALLEY
6. 6. RELIGIOUS BELIEFS The Eye of Ra was involved in many areas of ancient Egyptian religion, including in the cults of the many goddesses who are equated with it. Its life-giving power was celebrated in temple rituals, and its dangerous aspect was invoked in the protection of the pharaoh, of sacred places, and of ordinary people and their homes. He has been He has been described as a horned deity. It is purported to be one of the earliest depictions of the Hindu god Shiva (the seal is named after "Pashupati", an epithet of Shiva) or Rudra, who is associated with asceticism, yoga, and linga; regarded as a lord of animal; and often depicted as having three heads.
7. 7. OCUPATIONS IN EGYPT Farmers - most of the people were farmers. They grew barley to make bear, wheat for bread, vegetables such as onions and cucumbers, and flax to make into linen. They grew their crops near the banks of the Nile River where the rich black soil was good for crops. Craftspeople - There were a wide variety of craftsmen jobs. They included carpenters, weavers, jewelers, leather workers, and potters. How skilled a craftsman was would determine his success. Soldiers - Becoming a soldier was an opportunity for a person to rise in society. Most of the soldiers were footmen. There was a well defined hierarchy in the Egyptian army.
8. 8. OCCUPATION IN INDUS VALLEY 1 Sword maker- The discovery of various equipments such as axes, knives, spears and daggers made of bronze and copper suggest metal work as a major profession commonly pursued in the towns. Pot maker- Pottery in red with designs painted in black resembling shapes such as interesting circles, pipal, leaves, peacocks were on it
9. 9. TRADE IN EGYPT Egyptians and their trading partners sailed along the Nile River TO TRADE their goods, but sometimes also traveled to and from the Eastern or Western Deserts. Egyptians bartered with their precious resources, including gold, papyrus, linen, and grain. Sometimes, they even TRADED decorative artifacts and some people stole them out of the Pharaohs tombs! For these goods, they RECEIVED items not commonly found in Egypt in return. These included cedar wood from Lebanon; ebony and ivory from Africa; incense, myrrh and oils from Punt; lapis lazuli from Afghanistan; gold from Nubia, and even the important metals copper and iron from their best allies
10. 10. TRADE IN INDUS VALLEY Indus Valley cities lived by trade. Farmers brought food into the cities. City workers made such things as pots, beads and cotton cloth. Traders brought the materials workers needed, and took away finished goods TO TRADE in other cities. TRADE GOODS included terracotta pots, beads, gold and silver, coloured gem stones such as turquoise and lapis lazuli, metals, flints (for making stone tools), seashells and pearls. Minerals came from Iran and Afghanistan. Lead and copper came from India. Jade came from China and cedar tree wood was floated down the rivers from Kashmir and the Himalayas Dockyard in Lothal Trade route of Indus Valley
11. 11. BY AADITYA AND MOM