Interacting Bodies and Interacting Minds. The case of Emotions
Community Ecology Campbell Chapter 53 What is a community? All the populations in a given area...
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Transcript of Community Ecology Campbell Chapter 53 What is a community? All the populations in a given area...
What is a community?
•All the populations in a given area interacting with each other and their surrounding environment.
Competition•Organisms compete for the same resources: Food, space, mates From http://www.milosphotos.com/wildlife1/dallrams.jpg
Competitive Exclusion Principle (Gause’s)
•Two similar species cannot exist in the same niche
•One will be driven to extinction
Predation/parasitism
•One organism feeds on another for food
•One is benefited, one is harmed
From http://www.funkstownvet.com/HEARTWORM.jpg
Herbivory•Type of predation done by herbivores
•Herbivores preying on plants
From http://oneidaswcd.org/grazing%20cow%203.jpg
Secondary Compounds in Plants
•Plants can’t run away, so they produce toxins to deter herbivores
•Ex. aspirin, clove oil From http://www.worldfood.com/images/spices/cloves.jpg
Commensalism•Two organisms live together, and one is helped while the other is not affected
•Ex. hermit crabs
From http://www.ukdivers.net/life/uk/hermit.jpg
Mutualism•Two organisms benefit from living together
•Ex.: ladybugs eat aphids on rosebushes
From http://www.broward.org/naturescape/images/lady-bug-eating-aphids.gif
Aposematic Coloration
•“Warning” coloration
•Bright colors warn others
•“I taste bad/I bite/I am not to be messed with”
From http://www.sloanmonster.com/images/coral.jpg
Cryptic Coloration•Coloring that
allows the organism to blend into its environment so it can’t be spotted by predators
From www.nicksspiders.com/insects/stickhid.jpg
Example: Monarch vs. Viceroy Butterflies
From http://www.ent.iastate.edu/Imagegal/lepidoptera/monarch/monarchonalf.htmlFrom
http://www.photos-of-the-year.com/nature/showphoto.php?photo=17870
Monarch butterflies taste bad too so birds try to avoid them as well.
Viceroy butterflies taste foul to birds and will make birds regurgitate them when eaten.
Example: Honey Bee and Yellowjacket
From http://www.forestry.caf.wvu.edu/buttonsGood/pics/honeyBee.gif
From http://www.eatonvillenews.net/images/Bob/TONY%20YELLOW%20JACKET%201%20SEPT.%2025,%2005%20135F1366b.jpg
Both species share similar coloring and have poisonous venom
Primary Succession
•A community is established in a fairly lifeless area
•First life forms are usually bacteria, then lichens
•Soil eventually develops, then plants are established
Example of primary succession
•A retreating glacier leaves a moraine, a soil-laden area where life has the potential to take root.
Secondary Succession
•Occurs in an area where disturbance has occurred, but the soil is intactAfter a forest fireAfter a hurricane