COMMUNITY-BASED FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME (CBFMP) By: Olofa Tuaopepe Coastal Fisheries Policy...
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Transcript of COMMUNITY-BASED FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME (CBFMP) By: Olofa Tuaopepe Coastal Fisheries Policy...
COMMUNITY-BASED FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME (CBFMP)
By: Olofa TuaopepeBy: Olofa Tuaopepe
Coastal Fisheries Policy and Planning Course, 28/01/08 – 8/02/08, Apia, Samoa
Secretariat of the Pacific Community
FISHERIES DIVISION
Aquaculture
InshoreSections
Administration
Advisory/Extension
SectionOffshore Section
Enforcement Sections
Importance / Need for CBFMP
• Studies raised concerns on damage to lagoon and reef areas (Zann 1991) - outlines that lagoons and reefs of Western Samoa are amongst the most degraded in the Pacific.
• Caused by destructive fishing, overfishing & other human impacts
• Great damages by cyclones (Ofa 1990, Val 1991)- devastated the coastal and nearshore ecosystems and biodiversity of Samoa
- severe destruction on reefs causing emergent cyclone banks along reef crests and tops along the west and east areas from Apia
Importance / Need for CBFMP• Subsistence fishing is the largest and most important fishing
activity in Samoa. • Almost half of all rural households on Upolu go fishing at
least once a week - Estimated that 33% of households fish for subsistence (Zann, 1991).
• More than 60% of fishing activities is conducted within the nearshore areas as shown below which mostly is subsistence and artisanal fishing:-
Traditional structure in villages
- Important
VILLAGES’ MANAGEMENT PLANS
Management Plan Vailoa Village, Aleipata
Community undertakings may include:Local by-laws; Banning destructive fishingSize limits on fishFish ReservesEnvironmental Protection
Fisheries Division undertakings may include:Outer Reef fishing supportSpecies introductionsFish farmingWorkshops/trainingsTechnical advice/assistance
Example: Vailoa Management PlanRule 1To the public and people of Vailoa Aleipata: “The use of destructive fishing methods is prohibited within the
fishing grounds and marine area of this village”.Fine• People of Vailoa Village who do not comply with this rule will be
fined with $250.00.• People within Aleipata District who do not comply with this rule
will be fined with $500.00 or prosecuted under the Fisheries Act 1988 or by-laws of this village. This will also apply to people of other villages or outside fishers who do not comply with our by-laws.
• This rule will be enforced and effective as of the 30th April 1998.
Main Rules/Undertakings in MP• Ban destructive fishing methods (dynamites,
poisons, chemicals)• Ban Small Mesh Size Fishing Nets• Ban disposal of Rubbish in the sea• Ban coral smashing fishing• Collect crown-of-thorns starfish• Ban fishing or activities within the fisheries reserve• Ban fishing of small fish and partic. Shellfish• Ban scuba gears• Ban use of flashlight for night fishing
Examples of fines/penalties:
Applies to Residence: ranges from $100, 200 - $500 pigs (5/10), boxes tinned fish
VILLAGE BY-LAWS PROCESS
VILLAGE
FISHERIES
BYLAW
PROCESS
1
CONSULTATION
Between the village
community & Fisheries Division
2
DRAFTING & INITIAL CHECKING
Drafting by the Fisheries Divisionand check by MAF
Principal Legal Advisor
5
PUBLICATION & DISTRIBUTION
Publication/Gazette and distribute to
villages & adjacent villages
4
SIGNING
Approval and Signing by MAF Chief Executive
Officer
3
ENDORSEMENT
Checking and endorsement by Attorney General
6
MONITORING & ENFORCEMENT
By villages and Fisheries Division
First & Final Fono - Consultation
1ST & Final FONO –VILLAGE CHIEFS
Vaiusu VillageVaiusu Village
Tafagamanu Tafagamanu VillageVillage
GROUP MEETINGS - Consultation
Women’s group(Vaiusu)
Untitled men’sUntitled men’sGroup (Sataua)Group (Sataua)
Bylaws
Enforcement of Bylaws
Village Role• Reporting to Fisheries Division (Advisory –
Enforcement Sections)Fisheries Division / Enforcement Section• Investigation (gathering evidence, witnesses,
registered the case in court)• Prosecution
Bylaws
Cases example 2006-2007:• 4 Cases (later withdraw and settled within the
villages; 2 bylaws were not approved)• As of now all bylaws have been approved (25
villages + 2 districts in November 2007) in addition to older bylaws approved from 1996 - 1999
CURRENT SPREAD of Active Fisheries Reserves
23 - 23 - UpoluUpolu
7 (31%)7 (31%)
4 (17%)4 (17%)
24 - 24 - SavaiiSavaii
12 (52%)12 (52%)
15 (62.5%)15 (62.5%)
9 (37.5%)9 (37.5%)
CHALLENGES
• Some communities’ changes in interests (e.g. prefer agricultural projects more);
• Some communities have vague image or foresight of the long-term benefits of the project/programme indicating the impatient attitudes of some people with short-term interests;
• Due to long-term results of the project there is a lack of commitment in some communities who are now been inactive,
• Internal disputes in villages is a difficult kind of situation that affects the programme;
ChallengesThere are also other difficulties that are stumbling blocksfor the progress of the CBFMP:- • Villages’ pulenuu (village mayors) always change from time to
time and some villages that the awareness is high and the council is committed are well adjusted but there are some cases with lack of commitment of village mayors;
• The closing of the Fisheries Division hatchery at Toloa is another huge setback in the programme and the Fisheries Division undertakings. There is now a large number of villages requesting giant clams stocking in their reserves however this problem is unavoidable due to government decision to use the land for tourism development instead;
Challenges
• Limited budget cut down some promoting activities with villages particularly those in Savaii;
• Declining staff in the Advisory section slow down the ongoing process of 6 monthly reviews with communities;
• Fisheries by-laws which is another fundamental component of the CBFMP is also creating some problems with the enforcement in villages. Long delay in the process. (eg. reported cases to be processed in court but their by-laws have not been approved at the time;
Recommendations/Actions:
Revitalize inactive villages:• Community workshops (Upolu/Savaii) • Exchange visits with villages in Upolu Island is divided
into two regional sites (Upolu East and Upolu West) and Advisory staff dedicated to the allocated zones to manage and monitor activities effectively;
• Regular contacts with committees;• Encourage offshore fishing • New developments/initiatives in communities;
OTHER development activitiesCOMMUNITY PROJECTS & TRAININGS: -COMMUNITY PROJECTS & TRAININGS: -
Coral Gardening (Apai Coral Gardening (Apai Village)Village)
Income Generation –Income Generation –
Business Opportunities TrainingBusiness Opportunities Training (Fisheries (Fisheries Div) Div)
Mangrove Mangrove conservation/conservation/
Restoration & Restoration & FisheriesFisheries
farmingfarming
Established VILLAGE FISHERIES RESERVES
Fisheries Reserve – Savaia VillageFisheries Reserve – Savaia Village