Communication and Control For InvertersCommunication and Control for Inverters Presentation for DOE...

Communication and Control for

InvertersPresentation for DOE High-

Tech Inverter Workshop

October 13-14, 2004

Frank R. Goodman, Jr.Technical Leader, Distribution Systems, EPRI/E2I

DOE Inverter Workshop, Oct. 2004

Overview

• Power Electronics in the Distribution System of the Future: Advanced Distribution Automation (ADA™)

• Integrating Distributed Energy Resources* (DER) into Open Communication Architecture Standards for Future Power Systems

• E2I CEIDS Project on DER/ADA Open Communication Architecture Standards

*Specifically, distributed generation and storage


ADA creates the distribution system of the futureIUT

IUT

IUT

IUT=Intelligent Universal Transformer


DER integration is a component of ADA

DER

IUT



Other IEDs will be components of ADA

DER

IUTOther New Types of

Intelligent Electronic Devices

(IEDs)



Future Distribution System Components Will Be Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) That Are Interoperable

ADA

SCADA and Fast Simulation Modeling

Intelligent Universal Transformer

Protection Coordination

Knowledge-Based Demand Management

Other Power System & Customer Equipment

Integrated Volt/VAR Management

DER

Adv. Power Elect. for PQ, Switchgear, Etc.


ADA Enables New Electrical System Configuration Concepts—Intelligence is the Key

DC Ring Buses, New Customer Service Options

Looped Secondaries, New Reconfiguring Options

DER Integration, Intentional Islanding and Microgrids

Two-Way Power Flow, Circuit-to-Circuit Power Exchange, and Others

ADA


Adaptable Microgrid – Breaks Apart into Multiple Regions

Bulk Supply Connection (13.2 kV)

G

G

G G

GG

Sub-microgrid A

Sub-microgrid B

Sub-microgrid C

Sub-microgrid D

Synchronizing Sectionalizing

Switch Synchronizing Sectionalizing

Switch


Switch


Switch

Sub-grid Controller

Master Isolating Switch

Sub-grid Controller

Comm

unication & Control Link

This unit acts as a master micro-grid controller when all four sub micro-grids are operating together

G

Sub-grid Controller

Sub-grid Controller


A Six-Home Microgrid

Distribution Transformer

Utility System Primary (13.2 kV)

50 KVA Inverter

Utility System Interface & Controller

(Synchronization, fault protection, islanding

detection, etc.)

Power System Secondary (120/240 V)

Charge Regulator

Energy Storage

Isolating Device

Heat Distribution

DC Bus

Thermal Storage

House 1 House 2 House 3

House 4 House 5 House 6

Fuel Cell


The CEIDS DER/ADA Standards ProjectObjectives

• Develop internationally-promulgated DER communication object model standards that will enable the strategic use of DER in ADA for functions such as– Routine energy supply, peaking capacity, voltage

regulation, power factor control– Emergency power supply, harmonic suppression, and

disaster recovery operations (e.g., intentional islanding or “microgrids”)

• Establish methodology for standardized object model development

• Coordinate with other related work, identify gaps, and implement plans for filling the gaps via other new project work


Synergy of Projects: Empowering the Power System

Flexible Electrical Architecture

Open Communication Architecture





DER/ADA Project





DER/ADA Project

Secondary Impact of DER/ADA Project


The DER/ADA Standards Project: Develop International Industry Standards for Information Exchange Models for DER in ADA

Developmental Testing in Lab and

Field

Technical Input from Standards Working Groups, Vendors,

Integrators, Utilities, and Other Stakeholders

The Project Goal: International Standardized Information

Exchange Models for DER in ADA

Studies of ADA Operations with

DER

Obtain inputs to develop the standards

Develop international

standards

Implement standards in DER

equipment (encourage adoption)

Study results are a direct-

value bi-product


DER/ADA Standards Project Plan

Establish IEC Standards Working

Group

Establish IEEE Standards

Working Group

Obtain Existing Object Models and Other Data

From Vendors

Conduct Stakeholder Team

Workshops

Studies of Distribution Operations With DER

Develop Draft First-Round Object Models

Develop Draft Second-Round Object Models

Develop Draft Third-Round Object Models

Continuous Collaboration With Standards Working

Groups

Developmental Testing in Laboratory (Indoor or

Outdoor) and In Actual Systems

Balloting Process and Release of

International Standard

Documents

Vendor Adoption and Certification

Process


Standards Documents Will Be Built Up Incrementally

Add Logical Nodes From

Round-Two Work

Start With Relevant Existing Logical

Nodes in IEC 61850

Add Logical Nodes From Round-Three

Work

Add Logical Nodes From Round-One

Work


Some of our DER logical nodes will be reusable in future object models for other equipment

Other Distribution Equipment

DER Logical Nodes

Some DER logical nodes can be reused in

other future object modeling

New Nodes

Conventional Generation Equipment

New Nodes


Administrative Services

Our Standards Will Be Part of a Larger Body of International Open Communication Architecture Standards

CommunicationLevel

Application Domains

GID – Generic Interface Definition Services (IEC61970-4xx)

Field Devices

CIM - Common Information Model (IEC61970-3xx)

OMObject Models(IEC61850-7-3 & 7-4)

SMService Models(IEC61850-7-2)

CPCommunication Profiles &Mapping (IEC61850-8 & 9)

FieldC

ontrol C

enter

Applications and Databases

SA

(Substation)

DE

R(D

istributed Resources)

DA

(Distribution A

utomation)

CU

S(C

ustomer)

GE

N (G

eneration)

Other …

..

CFL

Configuration Language (IE

C61850-6+)

SE

CS

ecurity (TBD

)

CN

MN

etwork M

anagement (TB

D)


IEC Working Group 17

• Working Group Title: “Communications Systems for Distributed Energy Resources (DER)”Provide one international standard that would define the

communication and control interfaces for all DER devices

– Simplify DER implementation from a technical standpoint– Reduce installation and maintenance costs– Enable new system-level ADA options, such as

microgrids– Increase the functionality (capabilities) and value of DER

in utility distribution system operations– Improve reliability and economics of power system

operations


Target Dates

PQ Wind DER Hydro

First CD

(Committee Draft)

2004-07 2004-10

(Second CD)

2005-02 2005-02

CDV

(Committee Draft for Voting)

2005-02 2005-06 2005-10 2005-10

FDIS

(Final Draft of International Standard)

2006-01 2006-04 2006-10 2006-10

IS

(International Standard)

2006-04 2006-06 2007-02 2007-02


Example Results: List of DER Logical Nodes(LNs with tan background are new; other LNs already exist in IEC61850)

Logical Node Description DER Device Characteristics DRCT DER Controller DRGN{n} DER Generator Characteristics and Control (units 0 – n) DSYN{n} DER Synchronization: GSYN0-n = Generator Unit {Multiple LNs}

Prime Mover or Storage

DER Prime Mover or Storage Device Characteristics and Control (e.g. DIES, DFCL). This LN varies, depending upon the DER technology

DCOV{n} DER Converter/Inverter Characteristics: CONV0-n =

Converter/Inverter Unit. This LN varies, depending upon the need for a converter/inverter

DFUL Fuel Systems DBAT Battery Systems Electrical Power System Measurements MMSU{n} DER voltage, current, frequency, & var measurements: e.g.

MMSU0 = DER Alternator; MMSU1 = local power; MMSU2 = utility power. This LN is similar to MMXU, but contains additional attributes related to statistics

MMXU{n} DER voltage, current, frequency, & var measurements without

statistical information. Alternative to MMSU. (MMXN if single phase)

MHAI{n} Power System Harmonics (MHAN if single phase) MMTR{n} DER Energy Meters: MMTR0 = Total generation; MMTR1 = Net

generation; MMTR2 = Transferred to power system; MMTR{m} = submetering

Logical Node Description Circuit Breakers

XCBR{n} DER Circuit Breakers: XCBR0 = Load Breaker; XCBR1 = Common Coupling Breaker; XCBR2 = Interface Point Breaker; XCBR3-n = DER Generator Unit Breakers

Protection Function PBRO{n} DER Protective Relaying base logical node: for PUVR, POVR,

PTOC, PDPR, PFRQ PBTC{n} DER Protective Relaying timing logical node: for PUVR, POVR,

PTOC RREC{n} Reclosing relay for circuit breakers PRCF{n} DER Rate of Change of Frequency Relaying Pxxx {n} Other protection functions (TBD) Automatic Transfer Switch ATSC{n} DER Automatic Transfer Switch Characteristics

SWIT{n} DER Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) status SDRV{n} DER ATS Control AUTO{n} DER ATS Automatic Control Logic FIND{n} DER ATS Fault Indicator Administrative Function

DMIB{n} SNMP Management Information Base for DER Installations


DER Logical Nodes Imposed on Power System Diagram

Station Service

DER Protective Relaying

Automatic Transfer Switch

Function

Prime Mover = Microturbines, Fuel Cells, Photovoltaic Systems, Wind Turbines, Reciprocating Engines, Combustion Turbines

Storage Device = Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage, Battery, Pumped Hydro, Flywheels, Micro-flywheels

Converter = DC to AC, frequency conversion, voltage level conversion

Fuel SystemGenerator

UnitAux. Battery

DER Circuit Breaker

Converter Prime Mover

Storage Device

Power System Measurements

Fuel SystemGenerator

UnitAux. Battery

DER Circuit Breaker

Converter Prime Mover

Storage Device

Load Circuit

Breaker(s)Local Loads

Utility SystemUtility Circuit Breaker

M

M

M

M

Voltage, Speed, and Other Prime Mover and Storage

Device Controllers

DFUL

DBAT

DIESDFCLDPHV

…. DRGN DCOVDSYN

MMSUMHAI

XCBR

XSWI?

PBROPBTC

…

XCBRMMTR

Local and/or Remote DER Controller

DRCT


Results from Operations Studies: What Do We Need to Know to Optimally Control Distribution Operations with DER?

Volt Violation?

N.O. Status,settings?

Load?

Voltage?

Congestion?Insufficient Reserve?

Real-time Prices?Stage of Power Alert?

R-T transfer capacity?

Available?Harmonics? Voltage impact?

Voltage imbalance?

G

~DER state, mode of operations, cost?

Distribution and Transmission Facility Parameters and Customer Data

Load-to-voltage dependency?

Harmonics?

DER distribution factors?

T-D contract parameters


Two-Area Load-Rich Transmission-Generation Island With DER in Distribution System

G11 G12 G21 G22

P-jQ

Load 1 Load 2

LDSH1(Load Shedding)

DER1 DER2

LDSH2

G11 G12 G21 G22

P-jQ

Load 1 Load 2

LDSH1(Load Shedding)

DER1 DER2

LDSH2Area 1 Area 2

Disconnected Connected


Preparing an object model for developmental testing with actual vendor data

Prepare draft object

model

Load model into

software tool

Map vendor

data into

model

Develop-mental

testing of object model

Refine draft object model

IEC 61850 object model

domain expert needed

Vendor models needed

Vendor data

needed

Test host facilities needed

Tamarack or Sisconeeded

Ongoing collaborations with the standards working groups


Questions/Discussion

Contact Information

Frank R. Goodman, Jr.

•Mailing Address:EPRIPO Box 10412Palo Alto, California 94303

•Telephone: (650) 855-2872

•E-mail: [email protected]

G

Bulk supply connection(sub-transmission)

G

SingleCustomer

Feeder

Other Feeders

UPS Substation

GG

.

ADA Enables True Integration of DER into Electric Power Systems

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