Commonwealth the OECS Building Code - Carib Risk Clusterthe OECS Building Code ... for ASCE 7-05 Ch...

Martinique Workshop 04 June 2015

Tony Gibbs FREng 1

The current status ofCommonwealth Caribbean building codes and

the updating ofthe OECS Building Code

Tony Gibbs FREng, Secretary General CCEO

Representing CDEMA

History 1 – Caribbean Uniform Building Code (CUBiC)

o CUBiC – 1979‐1986 – USAID‐CDB‐CCEO‐CARICOMo OECS Code – 1992 – UNDP – references CUBiCo The revision of CUBiC – 1999:

* Caribbean Application Document of the IBC* Caribbean Residential Standards – entirely new* Model Laws and regulations

o CDB Regional Conference – 2004o CDB funds US$1.9million project executed by CROSQ

– 2006:* IDF graphs and flood hazard maps

o CDB funds US$2.6million project executed by CROSQ – 2012


Tony Gibbs FREng 2

9 of the 13 volumes of (CUBiC)

History 2 – Updating the OECS Building Code

o OECS Code – 1992 – UNDPo State revisions – 1995‐present – CDMP et alo Grenada launch – 2000o St Lucia consultation – 2002o St Vincent Code – 2008o 2015 project – updating of the following sections:

* Check consultants* Fire* Energy efficiency* Sanitary requirements* Air‐conditioning* Wind hazards* Earthquake hazards* Climate change – adaptation and mitigation* Accessibility for persons with disabilities* Rainfall hazards* Safety for hotel occupants


Tony Gibbs FREng 3

The Use of Check Consultantsin Design and Construction

Updating the OECS Building CodeGlobal Climate Change Alliance (GCCA) Project

on Climate Change Adaptation (CCA)

and Sustainable Land Management (SLM)

in the Eastern Caribbean

Hurricane Luisin

FrenchSaint Martin

andDutch

Sint Maarten


Tony Gibbs FREng 4

Dutch side(Netherlands AntillesMeteorological Service):Highest gust:99 knots or 51 ms-1

French side:No anemometer measurements available

Dutch side:Catastrophic damage- 100% GDP direct- 100% GDP indirect

French side:- Not much damage


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Regulatory Regime on theFrench side:

- French standards or “norms”

- bureau de contrôle checks:* design* construction quality

assurance mechanisms

Wind Hazards


on Climate Change Adaptation (CCA)and Sustainable Land Management (SLM)



Tony Gibbs FREng 6

Tony Gibbs, AR Matthews, HC Shellard“Wind Loads for Structural Design – 1970”

including

HC Shellard“Extreme Winds in the Commonwealth Caribbean”

Suggested Basic Wind Speeds (mph, 3s)for Some Commonwealth Caribbean Countries

1970

Jamaica 120 (= 54 m/s)BVI 120 (= 54 m/s)Leeward Islands 120 (= 54 m/s)St Lucia, St Vincent 120 (= 54 m/s)Barbados 120 (= 54 m/s)Grenada, Tobago 100 (= 45 m/s)Trinidad 90 (= 40 m/s)Guyana 50 (= 22 m/s)


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CU

BiC

Par

t 2

Sec

tio

n 2

1999: CARICOM decision to adopt and adaptthe I-codes of the ICC

2000: The I-codes adopt by referencethe wind load provisions of the ASCE 7.

2008: PAHO executed a project, funded by USAID for the preparation of the Caribbean Application Document(CAD) for ASCE 7-05 Ch 6.


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130

120

110

100

9080

70

60

50

40

30

130

120120

130

120 110

120 130

100

90

120

110100

90

50 Year Wind Speeds for Caribbean

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1 10 100 1000 10000

Return Period (Years)

Win

d L

oa

d F

ac

tor

Non-Hurricane

Hurricane

(Vrare/Vfrequent) increases with closeness to the equator

19972008

1971


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Contour plots of load factor: (V700/V50)2

Contour plots of importance factorfor ASCE category III and IV structures

defined by I=(V1700/V700)2

1.2

1.3

1.41.51.6 1.7 1.8 2 1.9

1.1

1.11.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.5

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.3 1.2

1.2

1.3

1.7

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.2

1.5


Tony Gibbs FREng 10

180180

170

170

150

140130120110

100

90

80

70

160

190

160

170

160

150140130120

170

160150140130


190

180

170

160150140130120110

100

90

80

190180

170

170

180

200

190

160150140

170

170160150



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700 Year Wind Speeds for Jamaica

Peak gust wind speeds (mph) in flat open terrain as a function of return period for selected locations in the Caribbean

locations in the Caribbeanfunction of return period for selected

open terrain (ASCE 7 Exposure C) as aPeak gust wind speeds (mph) in flat

Table 3-1

Return Period (years)LongLatLocation170070010050

110873521-61.3310.08Trinidad (S)1471287145-61.3310.80Trinidad (N)1521336843-63.9611.00Isla Margarita16815410785-61.6712.12Grenada1651499773-69.0012.17Curacao15614910177-68.2812.25Bonaire16214610077-70.0312.53Aruba16915211292-59.5013.08Barbados17115511193-61.1713.17Saint Vincent172155119101-60.9714.03Saint Lucia171159121104-61.0314.60Martinique172159124106-61.3315.42Dominica168157126110-61.7316.00Guadeloupe172161132119-62.1916.75Montserrat16115011798-88.7617.25Belize168160134121-61.8017.33Antigua and Barbuda170163138125-62.7517.33St. Kitts and Nevis175167140127-63.0518.06Saint Martin/Sint Maarten176165140127-63.0518.22Anguilla176167143130-64.9318.35US Virgin Islands180169141128-64.6218.45British Virgin Is lands198187147128-81.3819.30Grand Cayman197178136118-79.8219.72Little Cayman/Cayman Brac162150120105-71.1321.47Turks & Caicos (Grand Turk)170155124110-72.2721.77Turks & Caicos (Providenciales )180162132120-77.6824.29Andros180165135122-76.4524.96Eleuthera180163132121-77.4625.04New Providence (Nassau)178162133121-77.3026.45Great Abaco175161132120-78.7026.55Grand Bahama (Freeport)


Tony Gibbs FREng 12

The 700‐year and 1700‐year Return Periods:

1 50‐year return period for the USA continental areas, but for the Caribbean:

2 Use 700‐year wind with load factor of 1 for Cat II buildings

3 Use 1700‐year wind with load factor of 1 for Cat III and IV buildings

Photo: UWO-BLWTL


Tony Gibbs FREng 13

Sketch showing effects of topography

on wind velocity on a hilly island

10 m80Vs

100Vg

60

gV100

g

120sV

Vs

V

100gV

40

100

Open sea Winward Speed up over Sheltered leewardcoast

Speed up

Coast hill crest

Probability 1% / year, 100‐Year Return Time

Wind Speeds

0 1 2 3 4 5knotsmph

m/s

Storm Category

25 50 75 100 125

25 50 75 100 125 150

50 100 150 200 250

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Winds

Antigua

Wind

Wave

Surge

10yr 25yr 50yr 100yr

Min Max

5

ARC‐M

INUTES

0

5

KILOMETER

S

0

10

MILES

0

5

Ross Wagenseilfor PGDMApril 2001

PGDMMay200116.98 N

61.925 W

17.20 N

61. 65 W

1

3

4

2

N

3. English and Falmouth HarboursNelson’s Dockyard 48 m/s Falmouth SE 41 m/sFalmouth NW 52 m/s

2. ParhamDesalinization plant 50 m/sWaterfront by town 47 m/sHill above town 53 m/s

1. St. John’sDowntown 47 m/sEast side of town 51 m/s

4. Jolly HarbourChannel entrance 45 m/sInner boat basin 44 m/sBeach front 45 m/s

Directory Topo. Map


Tony Gibbs FREng 14

AMO = Atlantic multi-decadal oscillations

NAtl = North Atlantic


Tony Gibbs FREng 15

Percentage Increase in Basic Wind Speed in St Luciaversus Percentage Increase in Annual Rates

of Category 4 and 5 Hurricanes

0%

5%

10%

15%

0% 50% 100% 150% 200% 250% 300% 350%

Increase in Basic Wind Speed

Increase in Annual Frequency of Category 4 and 5 Hurricanes

Category II Buildings

Category III and IV Buildings

Earthquake Hazards






Tony Gibbs FREng 16

Tectonic Setting of the CaribbeanUSGS/NEIC database (1974–Present) – Credit: E Calais

Structure in the Region of Barbados(Westbrook – 1970; drawn by Joan Fergusson)


Tony Gibbs FREng 17

Photo: Daniel Comarazamy

Photo: Tony Gibbs


Tony Gibbs FREng 18

Photo: Tony Gibbs

Photo: David Key


Tony Gibbs FREng 19

David Key

Territory Z ValueCUBiC

& UBC 85

Z FactorUBC 1988

& SEAOC 1990

Zone NumberSEAOC

Antigua 0.75 0.3 3

Barbados 0.375 0.15 - 0.2 2

Belize - (areas within 100km ofsouthern border, ieincluding San Antonio andPunta Gorda but excludingMiddlesex, Pomona andStann Creek)

Belize - (rest of)

0.75

0.50

0.3

0.2

3

2+

Dominica 0.75 0.3 3

Grenada 0.50 0.2 2+

Guyana - (Essequibo)

Guyana - (rest of)

0.25

0.00

0.1 1+

Jamaica 0.75 0.3 3

Montserrat 0.75 0.3 3

St Kitts/Nevis 0.75 0.3 3

St Lucia 0.75 0.3 3

St Vincent 0.50 0.2 2+

Tobago 0.50 0.2 2+

Trinidad - (NW)

Trinidad - (rest of)

0.75

0.50

0.3

0.2

3

2+

Z ValueCUBiC

& UBC 85

Z FactorUBC 1988

& SEAOC 1990

CU

BiC

(198

5):

V=

ZC

IKS

W


Tony Gibbs FREng 20

Area ofResponsibility

Area Studied

PGA 475‐year return period


Tony Gibbs FREng 21

In CUBiC Part 2 Section 3 TABLE 2.305.1 the Z VALUES shall be

Grenada 0.64St Vincent 0.51St Lucia 0.56Montserrat 0.75

Spectral Acceleration 2,475‐year Return Period

0.2 sec 1.0 sec


Tony Gibbs FREng 22

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Spectral Accelerations – 2475‐year

Series1 Series2 Series3 Series4 Series5 Series6 Series70 0.2 1.0 seconds

MontserratGrenada

St Lucia

St Vincent

When using ASCE 7-05Spectral Accelerations (with a 2%

probability of exceedance in 50 years)

0.2 sec 1.0 secGrenada 1.441 0.414St Vincent 1.113 0.367St Lucia 1.227 0.393Montserrat 1.643 0.485


Tony Gibbs FREng 23

How does it work?

Period Elongation Damping Increment

Conceptual Design

Principles of Base Isolation of Structures

Torrential Rainand Associated Flooding






Tony Gibbs FREng 24

What will happen to the Eastern Caribbean if sea level rises?

Global Temperatures Graph


Tony Gibbs FREng 25

Floods

Sea level rising will also contribute to

more floods. The sea level is predicted to

go up from four inches to three feet.

Sea level rises when the water warms and increases in volume, or when glaciers and

ice melt.


Tony Gibbs FREng 26

Bahamas

CaymanMontserrat

St Vincent

Trinidad & Tobago

IDF curves

IDF curves andflood hazard maps

Montserrat – Botanical Gardens

Returnperiod(years)

Duration (minutes)

1440 720 360 120 60 30 15 10 5

Rainfall intensity (mm/hour)

2 3.6 5.7 9.1 19.2 30.8 49.2 78.8 103.7 166.0

5 5.6 8.9 14.0 28.8 45.5 71.7 113.1 147.6 232.8

10 7.6 11.8 18.4 37.2 58.1 90.6 141.4 183.4 286.1

15 8.9 13.8 21.4 42.8 66.3 102.8 159.3 205.8 318.9

25 10.9 16.7 25.7 50.9 78.2 120.3 184.9 237.8 365.7

50 14.1 21.5 32.8 63.9 97.4 148.4 226.2 289.5 441.2


Returnperiod(years)

Duration (minutes)

1440 720 360 120 60 30 15 10 5


2 3.6 5.7 9.1 19.2 30.8 49.2 78.8 103.7 166.0

5 5.6 8.9 14.0 28.8 45.5 71.7 113.1 147.6 232.8

10 7.6 11.8 18.4 37.2 58.1 90.6 141.4 183.4 286.1

15 8.9 13.8 21.4 42.8 66.3 102.8 159.3 205.8 318.9

25 10.9 16.7 25.7 50.9 78.2 120.3 184.9 237.8 365.7

50 14.1 21.5 32.8 63.9 97.4 148.4 226.2 289.5 441.2


Returnperiod(years)

Duration (minutes)

1440 720 360 120 60 30 15 10 5


2 3.6 5.7 9.1 19.2 30.8 49.2 78.8 103.7 166.0

5 5.6 8.9 14.0 28.8 45.5 71.7 113.1 147.6 232.8

10 7.6 11.8 18.4 37.2 58.1 90.6 141.4 183.4 286.1

15 8.9 13.8 21.4 42.8 66.3 102.8 159.3 205.8 318.9

25 10.9 16.7 25.7 50.9 78.2 120.3 184.9 237.8 365.7

50 14.1 21.5 32.8 63.9 97.4 148.4 226.2 289.5 441.2


Tony Gibbs FREng 27

St Vincent – Botanical Gardens

Returnperiod(years)

Duration (minutes)

1440 720 360 120 60 30 15 10 5


2 3.5 5.6 9.0 19.0 30.5 48.7 78.0 102.7 164.3

5 4.6 7.3 11.5 23.7 37.4 58.9 92.9 121.3 191.2

10 5.5 8.6 13.3 27.0 42.1 65.7 102.5 132.9 207.4

15 6.0 9.3 14.4 28.9 44.8 69.4 107.5 138.9 215.2

25 6.7 10.3 15.9 31.4 48.3 74.3 114.2 146.9 225.8

50 7.8 11.8 18.0 35.1 53.5 81.5 124.1 158.8 241.8


Returnperiod(years)

Duration (minutes)

1440 720 360 120 60 30 15 10 5


2 3.5 5.6 9.0 19.0 30.5 48.7 78.0 102.7 164.3

5 4.6 7.3 11.5 23.7 37.4 58.9 92.9 121.3 191.2

10 5.5 8.6 13.3 27.0 42.1 65.7 102.5 132.9 207.4

15 6.0 9.3 14.4 28.9 44.8 69.4 107.5 138.9 215.2

25 6.7 10.3 15.9 31.4 48.3 74.3 114.2 146.9 225.8

50 7.8 11.8 18.0 35.1 53.5 81.5 124.1 158.8 241.8


Returnperiod(years)

Duration (minutes)

1440 720 360 120 60 30 15 10 5


2 3.5 5.6 9.0 19.0 30.5 48.7 78.0 102.7 164.3

5 4.6 7.3 11.5 23.7 37.4 58.9 92.9 121.3 191.2

10 5.5 8.6 13.3 27.0 42.1 65.7 102.5 132.9 207.4

15 6.0 9.3 14.4 28.9 44.8 69.4 107.5 138.9 215.2

25 6.7 10.3 15.9 31.4 48.3 74.3 114.2 146.9 225.8

50 7.8 11.8 18.0 35.1 53.5 81.5 124.1 158.8 241.8


Tony Gibbs FREng 28

The Safety of Hotel Guests





• Moira Japp, 53, won the claim against Virgin Holidays for the 2008 accident• She sued because the door in her room was not made of tempered glass• Ruling could mean greater costs for UK holidaymakers

Briton who walked into glass door in a bikini could push up the price of holidays after winning £24,000 payout.


Tony Gibbs FREng 29

• Tempered glass offers outstanding safetyprotection, as it breaks into small, pebble-like pieces. Tempered glass solutions are ideal for any area where high traffic and human contact may pose safety concerns.

57

Tempered Glass

• The entire window system, includinglaminated glass and framing, mustpass regional or ASTM Internationaltesting, including large missiles(ground level to 30 feet), smallmissiles (30 feet and up), and cyclical pressure.

58

Laminated Glass Applications:Hurricane Resistance


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Sec 2410‐2415 Florida Building Code

http://codes.iccsafe.org/Florida.html#2014

Uneven riser dimensions are not safe.


Tony Gibbs FREng 31

Lighting

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