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COMMON OPHTHALMIC DRUGSSummarized from Ophthalmic Drug Facts, 2001 editionDyesFluoresceinused to detect loss of corneal epithelium/for Seidels testRose Bengalstains dead corneal epithelial cells (indicator of herpes keratitis)Indocyanine Green (ICG)used to stain lens capsule during cataract surgeryTopical AnestheticsProparacaineanesthesia begins in 15 seconds, last for 15-20 minutesMydriatics/CycloplegicsMydriaticsPhenylephrinerecovery after 6 hours (10% soln.)Cycloplegic Mydriatics (Anticholinergics)Atropinerecovery after 7-10 daysTropicamiderecovery after 5-6 hoursAnti-InflammatoriesCorticosteroidsDexamethasone0.1% solution or suspension (equivalent of 1% prednisolone)Prednisolone0.125% and 1% solution or suspensionTriamcinolonesuspension given sub-conjunctivallylasts for daysNSAIDSFlurbiprofenpost-surgical inflammation/prevention of intraoperative miosisSuprofenArtificial Tears and LubricantsCarboxymethylcellulose/Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose(Celluvisc/Goniosol)White Petrolatum/Mineral Oil/Lanolin(Puralube)Anti-InfectivesAntibioticsSmall Guns (general, broad spectrum -- prophylactic, erosions, conjunctivitis)NeomycinNeo in triple antibioticPolymyxin BPoly intriple antibioticBacitracinBac in triple antibiotic ointment

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GramicidinGramin triple antibiotic dropsGentamicinOyxtetracycline(Terramycin)commonly used in feline conjunctivitis

Big Guns (use usually indicated by culture stromal loss, infected or melting ulcers)Ciprofloxacin(Ciloxan)Ofloxacin(Ocuflox)TobramycinCefazolinChloramphenicolAntifungalMiconazoleointmentItraconazolegiven in DMSOAntiviralTrifluridine(Viroptic)solutionVidarabine(Vira-A)ointmentGlaucomaEpinephrinesreduce IOP through increased aqueous outflowEpinephrineDipivefrin(Propine)prodrug of epinephrineBeta Blockersreduce the rate of aqueous productionTimololcombined with dorzolamide in CosoptBetaxolol(Betoptic)Direct Acting Mioticsreduce resistance to aqueous outflowPilocarpineCarbachol(Miostat)used intraocularly during cataract surgeryCholinesterase Inhibitor Mioticsreduce resistance to aqueous outflowPhysostigmineDemecarium(Humorsol)Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitorsreduce the rate of aqueous productionMethazolamide(Neptazane)oralDorzolamide(Trusopt)topical/combined with timolol in CosoptBrinzolamide(Azopt)topicalProstaglandinsincrease aqueous outflowLatanoprost(Xalatan)

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Hyperosmotic AgentsTopicalHypertonic Sodium Chloride(Muro 128)topical/temporary relief of corneal edemaIntravenousMannitolreduction of IOP in acute glaucomaSurgical AdjunctsIntraocular IrrigationBSS (Balanced Salt Solution)Povidone IodineBetadine5% solution used for surgical prepViscoelastic AgentsSodium Hyaluronate(Hylartin)maintains the anterior chamber during intraocular surgery