COMMON DISEASES AND THEIR CAUSES

IN THE PROVINCE OF HUELVA AND IN

BELFAST.

In this study we made a tour of the most common

diseases and their causes in the province of Huelva and the capital of Northern Ireland, Belfast,

from past to present.

OBJECTIVES:

The objectives to be attained in this project are:

● Depth knowledge of diseases that have affected us along the past centuries and today.

● Differentiate the diseases in very different places, such as Huelva and Belfast, to understand that our environment influences our health greatly.

● Analyze prevention methods for each studied disease .

● Inform society of the seriousness of the pollution in our province and how it is affecting our health.

● Identify that people are more likely to have a disease or other.

● Compare the treatments of diseases in the past and now, seeing how medicine has developed in recent years.

DiseasesDiseases are an alteration of health

They can be of infectious or not infectious origin. The first ones are caused by virus, bacteria, fungi or other pathogenic agents. The second ones, have a varied origin that can be genetic or caused by other agents.

The diseases cause a physical, mental and social imbalance to those who suffer them.

THE MOST FREQUENT DISEASES AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 19TH CENTURY AND HIS

TREATMENTS

Infectious diseases were the most common and deadly diseases in the early nineteenth century. The war contributed to the development of a plague. The infection was uncontrolled among the lower classes and used to respect the privileged ones.

The most frequent infectious diseases:

● Yellow fever.

● Typhus Winter .

● Cholera.

● Diphtheria.

● Measles.

● Tuberculosis.

● Smallpox .

● Malaria.

● Scarlatina (scarlet fever).

BIG DISEASES OF THE 20TH CENTURY

● Respiratory diseases.

● Cancers.

● Diabetes.

● AIDS and other TRANSMISSION Diseases (STDs).

● Gastrointestinal diseases.

● Diseases transmitted by insects.

● Diseases due to poor hygiene.

● Deficiency diseases.

● Fibromyalgia.

Diseases in the past in Ireland.

A very common disease in Ireland in the past is the Black Plague or Black Death: The great epidemic of the Middle Ages.

Bubonic plague was the most destructive pandemic in the history of Europe between the years 1348 and 1361. Ireland was infected by this disease by sea in 1349. No one knows exactly how many died in these terrible years, but it is assumed that there were a lot of deaths.

The word "plague" refers to the enlargement of the lymph nodes. This plague is typical of rodents and passed from rat to rat by fleas, flea bites an infected rat and engulfed the bacilli along with blood, this bacillus can remain in the intestine of the animal for three weeks and when it bites another animal or person it infects him/her. Thus, the plague came to people.

Diseases in the past in Huelva.In 1843 the most infectious diseases were (mainly smallpox

and typhus, with a mortality rate of 71.4%, followed by the rate of respiratory diseases and finally the nervous system diseases and genitourinary diseases.

In 1848 no data in 53.5%,?????? the rest of the deathsinfectious diseases continue to occupy the first place ???- with measles -, followed by digestive diseases, and then the respiratory and nervous diseases.

During the years 1869 and 1874 the structure of the pathology that caused mortality is very similar, infectious diseases occupy the most prominent place with a 43.19% and 54.5%, respectively, and then come digestive diseases.

It is also noted: Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1800 and the two cholera epidemics of Asia, 1833 and 1854.

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PRESENT

At present, the most common diseases are still the late twentieth century cancer, AIDS, diabetes, etc., although in recent years great strides in their treatment have been made and no longer speaks of cancer, for example as a fatal disease.

Number of affected by the most frequent diseases at present:

Number of deaths so far this year by the most common diseases of today:

IrelandNowadays, in Ireland a great worry exists for these diseases:

● The foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Ireland.

The virus that causes the disease in Ireland, which has already spread to different European countries. The virus is very contagious, it is enough that only a sick animal breaks through the barrier so that the disease can spread quickly.

● Gluten and the "Irish Disease (Celiac disease).

Celiac disease is characterized by the small intestine inflammation, caused by a gluten component.

● Perthes disease.

It is a condition of the hip joint that affects young children. In Northern Ireland over a period of 7 years 313 children were diagnosed with the disease.

Huelva.

Diseases incidence in Huelva:

A study by the CSIC, in women: some more 40% of stomach cancers, 27% of kidney, 16% of the trachea, bronchus and lung (16%) and 20% of colon. In men, some more 27% of kidney cancer, liver 19%, 11% of the trachea, bronchus and lung, 2% of bladder, stomach 18% and 14% prostate. The Citizen's Collective Huelva Decontamination claims a higher incidence of infertility, abortions, birth defects, asthma and other respiratory disorders, and endocrine diseases.

So here we can see how pollution affects our health seriously. It is one of the factors that most influence the diseases today.

Creo que esta diapositiva te la puedes ahorrar

Huelva is the worst case of pollution in Europe.Huelva industrial pollution caused by FMC-Foret and Fertiberia

has been recognized as the most serious in Europe.

This serious case of pollution, harms the environment and we, the people, remember that Huelva has the unenviable record of being the place of Spain with the highest cancer mortality rate.

Pollutants in Huelva and health effects.

Arsenic, uranium, radon, cadmium, PM10, NOx and SO2, DDT and DDE, endosulfan.

These pollutants are carcinogenic (cancer of stomach, bronchi, trachea, lung, bladder, prostate, liver and kidney.), neurological and reproductive. Immediate increase mortality??????????.

HUELVA AND CANCER

Among twenty-one types of cancer, eleven of them appear in Huelva and its surroundings more than in the rest of Spain. Specifically, these eleven types of cancer are oral cavity and pharynx, connective tissue, esophagus, larynx, leukemia, NHL, ovarian, lung, kidney, uterus and bladder.

Cancer is not a lottery. If it were, this map would appear evenly

distributed. But the reality is that some

are more likely than others

depending on the place of residence.

Methods to combat diseasesA good diet + exercise = healthy life:

A correct, varied and complete diet, the best known model is the Mediterranean diet. On the one hand, it allows our body to work normally and on the other hand, it prevents diseases.

Reduce consumption of fat, salt and sugar, increase intake of fruits and vegetables and make at least one hour of exercise daily. These are the recommendations of an international committee of experts from the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Organization for Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in order to reduce the incidence of chronic diseases, each once charged ??????????a greater number of lives worldwide.

The prevention of infectious diseases:

● No drinking water that may be contaminated. Drink preferably bottled water.

● Store and handle food under the rules that appear on their packaging.

● Heat and boil well prepared food.

● Wash vegetables, fruits and vegetables that are to be taken raw.

● Wash hands after using the toilet and before eating or handling food.

● Use condom during sexual relations.

Prevent cancer:

● Avoid alcohol and smoking.

● Not too much sun and use sunscreen.

● Eat a healthy diet.

● Healthy sex (condom).

Prevention of cardiovascular

diseases:

● Exercise regularly.

● Do not take more calories than necessary.

● Avoid the abuse of animal fats and used vegetable oil.

● Replace whole milk for skimmed or soy milk.

● Take whole foods rich in fiber.

● Forget about fast foods.

● Get enough rest and organize your free time.

CONCLUSIONSIn conclusion, the present research can highlight that medicine

has developed in the treatment and study of diseases along the past centuries and diseases such as smallpox have been disappearing, with the discovery of new developments such as vaccines. Although, currently there are new diseases like AIDS, hantavirus, Ebola, etc., the result of human encroachment into the environments of mammalian and insect vectors of these????????????. But scientists are studying them and researching on how to eradicate them. We have not reached that point, but increasingly there are more methods of prevention and we are getting undercut these deadly diseases ???????????before, which nowadays they do not mean death.

In this study, we have studied how pollution affects our health and seen how since industrialization diseases such as cancer, asthma and cardiovascular problems have increased.

There are still some questions to be studied as:● What diseases do still exist in the future?● Will we achieve methods to eradicate the great

epidemics that affect us today?● How does medical technology develop?● Will we reduce the level of pollution in our

cities?

THE END

Lorena Garrido Vera1º Bachillerato A.Proyecto Comenius.