Committee of the Regions COTER Seminar
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Transcript of Committee of the Regions COTER Seminar
Committee of the Regions COTER Seminar
Regional Policy in regions with specific geographical characteristics14 December 2009
Kiruna, Sweden
Session 2: The situation of regions with geographical characteristics: Mountain regions
Thomas Dax Bundesanstalt für Bergbauernfragen, Vienna, Austria (Federal Institute for Less-Favoured and Mountainous Areas) [email protected]
Outline
Mountain areas in Europe (definition; scope, diversity)
Situation and trends in mountain regions
Challenges of sustainable development and cohesion aspects
Analysis of impact of policies on mountain areas
Regional initiatives and success factors for mountain development
A common framework for mountain analysis Definition (national definitions and delimitations,
LFA scheme for CAP; regions for Interreg programmes); common indicators of Nordregio study (LAU2)data availability problems
add regional perspective for EU comparison (NUTS3): EC working paper (02/2009)
Mountain policies (national, EU-level; diverse application patterns)specificity addressed in strategic documents
Challenges faceddemographic changes /ageing population
shifts in economic activityaccessibility, infrastructure and service supply
emerging potential (quality production)tension between ecological sensitivity and use (e.g. tourism)
Mountains of Europe
Delimitation (Nordregio study)
Mountain areas (selected countries)
country Total area (1,000 km²)
Area of mountain
municip. (1000 km²)
Mountain area in % of total
area
Mountain area population in %
of total population
All countries studied
4.761 1.935 40,6 19,1
EU15 3.319 1.323 39,9 17,8
Austria 84 62 73,4 49,8
Finland 327 166 50,8 12,0
France 638 142 22,3 14,3
Germany 357 53 14,7 10,1
Greece 132 103 77,9 49,6
Italy 301 181 60,1 32,6
Portugal 92 36 39,1 26,5
Spain 505 282 55,7 38,5
Sweden 450 228 50,6 6,9
UK 245 63 25,5 4,3
Source: Nordregio 2004, p.29f.
Mountain areas, NMS (table continued)
country Total area (1,000 km²)
Area of mountain
municip. (1000 km²)
Mountain area in % of total
area
Mountain area population in % of
total population
All countries 4.761 1.935 40,6 19,1
NMS-12 1.077 241 22,4 17,6
Bulgaria 102 54 53,3 45,6
Cyprus 9 4 47,6 14,3
Czech Rep. 79 25 32,3 23,4
Poland 311 16 5,2 5,8
Romania 238 90 37,9 24,9
Slovakia 49 30 62,0 48,6
Slovenia 20 16 78,0 64,9
Norway 324 296 91,3 63,4
Switzerland 41 37 90,7 84,2
Indicator Mountain regions EU-27
total area (EC-study 2004) 35.5%
population share (2007) 8.0% 100
(EC-study 2004) (17,7%)
population density(for EU-15, 2004)
42 (Index) 100
change in pop.(2000-2006, p.a.)
0.17% 0.37%
change in employment(2000-2004, p.a.)
0.20% 0.20%
employment in agriculture (2004)
14% 7%
Share of populationnot accessing hospitals(within 30 min.; 2001)
21.3% 10.4%
proximity to natural area 161 (Index) 100
LFA-delimitation (2007, EU-27)
21% of total area
15% of UAA
12% of econ. pot.
11% of livestock
Situation and trends
Population density in massifs
Population density in municipalities
Population development
Municipalities with depopulation (from mountain areas and lowlands), 1991-2001
Note: bars in red, municipalities with more than -10% depopulation
Lowlands Mountain Areas
Mountain regions, EU-27 (Nuts 3)
Challenges of sustainable development and cohesion aspects
Major processes:
Continuing process of EU economic and social integration, globalisation and economic restructuring
Development of information and transport technologies Changing political geography of Europe (enlargement,
regionalism)
Changing socio-demographic structure of EU population, and
Environmental degradation threats (energy supply, climate change implications)
Mountain policy framework
Recent stronger territorial orientation (sector policies, CAP, SF, including trans-border cooperation and Territorial Cohesion)
Main sector policies (agriculture, forestry, tourism, infrastructure, public services; environment, risk management, nature conservation; spatial planning)
Trans-national cooperation (including international agreements: Alpine and Carpathian Conventions; Interreg programmes)
Integrated approaches (pilot action, including Leader in mountains, national priorities and action)
Institutional development (research and development: Mountain Forum, Rio/Johannesburg process, IYM 2002, Mountain Partnership, SARD-M „remunerating positive externalities“)
Arkleton Centre 2005
Pillar 1 support per Annual Work Unit (AWU)
Arkleton Centre 2005
Pillar 2 support per Annual Work Unit (AWU)
Integrated perspectives on activities
Reflecting cohesion needs and concept of sustainability
• Improving (spatial) accessibility
• Need for incentive policies
• Take account of landscape values
• Amenities characteristics with a territorial dimension (need of collective action)
• Mountain areas, low intensity land management, nature conservation (appropriate land management)
• Coordination activities, multi-level governance (horizontal and vertical)
Local action in mountain development
Need for innovative approaches beyond LFA scheme Bottom-up approaches (since 1970s),
pilot action towards mainstreaming (Leader etc., community capacity building, cooperation – governance)
Two aspects of local capacity building:► „diversification“ of farm households► general spatial relevance of rural action (types of rural regions)
Best-practice and success dimensions
Source: van der Ploeg et al. 2002
agri
-tou
rism
new
on-
farm
act
iviti
es
dive
rsifi
catio
n
natu
re a
nd la
ndca
pe m
anag
emen
t organic farming
high quality production
and regional products
short supply chains
„Deepening“
„Regrounding“
new forms of cost reduction
off-farm income
„Bro
aden
ing“
mobilisation of ressources
Agro-food supply chain
rura
l are
a
conventional agriculture
Structure of rural development at farm enterprise level
Key issues for mountain policy strategies
Recognition of mountain areas as specific development areas
Remuneration of services rendered to surrounding lowland areas
Diversification and exploitation of the local potential for innovation
Addressing cultural changes without loss of identity
Sustainable management of mountain ecosystems (including biodiversity)
Trans-regional cooperation and strategic regional development approaches
Institutional development (multi-level governance) to focus on sustainable resource use
References
Nordregio, Mountain areas in Europe, EC-study (2004) BABF, F&F32, Berggebiete in Europa (2004) BABF, F&F35, Benachteiligte Gebiete in den NMS (2006) ESPON studies 2000-2006 (project 2.1.3 and others) Bausch et al., Prospective Study, Alpine Space (2006) EC, proceedings, mountain policies conference (2003) Dax, The role of mountain regions in territorial cohesion, Euromontana (2008) Eu-project IMALP, Guidelines for promoting sustainable agriculture in Alpine
mountain regions (2006)
Thank you!