Commercial 1 Track Unit 7 –Natural Gas Vehicles...

Commercial 1 TrackUnit 7 – Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)

© Energy Solutions Center Inc.No portion of this material may be reproduced without the expressed written consent of the Energy Solutions Center Inc.

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© 2018 Energy Solutions Center Inc. – All Rights Reserved

Track: Commercial Natural Gas I

Unit #7: Natural Gas Vehicles

An overview of the NGV Marketplace

Ms. Tina Read, Energy Solutions Center

3© Energy Solutions Center Inc. – All Rights Reserved

NGV Market Background

Vehicles and Conversions

Fueling stations and Options

Infrastructure

Legislative updates

Case Studies

Resources

Overview


Compressed Natural Gas is Clean, American, Affordable & Abundant

CNG is the same natural gas that is piped into millions of homes for heating, domestic water heating and cooking

CNG is better for the environment than traditional transportation fuels: approximately 6% to 11% lower levels of GHGs than gasoline

(http://www.afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/natural_gas_emissions.html)

Why use CNG as a transportation fuel?



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Approximately 150,000 NGVs are on U.S. roads today – more than 15.2 million worldwide

There are 1,600+ NGV fueling stations in the U.S. 900+ of the stations are open to the public Home Refueling Appliances are available

Vehicle Manufacturers in the U.S. Various manufacturers produce many models of light, medium, and heavy‐duty vehicles and engines

NGV Facts

https://www.afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/natural_gas.html (Jan. 2018)

https://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/natural_gas_locations.html


Natural gas varies in cost from ~$1.00–$2.00 less per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) ‐ One GGE of natural gas is 126.67 cubic feet (3.587 m3)

NGV Facts

Pricing from 2013

http://www.cngnow.com/average‐cng‐prices/pages/default.aspx


Gasoline Gallon Equivalent ‐ comparing the BTU content per unit of each fuel type and then calculating the ratio.

What is a GGE?

Metric GGE

1 kg of natural gas = 1.462 litres of diesel

1 kg of natural gas = 50,020 BTU



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https://www.afdc.energy.gov/data/10349


In the U.S. alone, NGVs offset the use of over 400 million gallons (1,514 million liters) of gasoline in 2015

NGVs meet the strictest emission standards, including California’s AT‐PZEV standard

NGVs are as safe as or safer than traditional gasoline or diesel vehicles

NGV Facts


In worldwide classification, Canada ranks 29th

with about 12,000 NGVs This number includes 300 heavy‐duty vehicles, 150 urban transit buses, 45 school buses, 9,450 light duty cars and trucks and 2,400 forklifts and ice‐resurfacers Canadian manufacturer’s Cummins and Westport developing engines for NGV market

Canadian NGV Market



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Transit buses in US

Increased from 10,179 in 2007 to 16,416 in 2015

26 percent of all new transit bus orders over the last 5 years were for natural gas

about 12‐15% of public transit buses in the U.S. run on natural gas

NGV Facts


Waste collection and transfer vehicles, which account for about 12 percent of total vehicular natural gas use, are the fastest growing NGV segment

More than 35 airports in the U.S. have natural gas vehicles in their own fleets – 9 percent of total vehicular natural gas use

NGV Facts


Safety of CNG vehicles is on par or higher than with gasoline

The pressurized tank is built to withstand severe impact, temperature and environment exposure

CNG is lighter than air. It evaporates quickly into the atmosphere when there is a leak instead of collecting as a puddle under the car like gasoline

Natural gas has very limited flammability – it will not burn at concentrations below 5% or above about 15% when mixed with air

NGV Safety



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Gasoline and diesel burns at much lower concentrations and ignite at lower temperatures

Natural gas is non toxic when evaporated into air

CNG storage tanks also have an automatic relief valve

When the pressure or temperature is excessive the valve will open and release the gas into the atmosphere to reduce the pressure

NGV Safety


Environment friendly

No loss in performance

Cost savings – CNG vs. other fuel(s)

Extended maintenance intervals

Operational flexibility

Extended driving range with dual fuel system

NGV Benefits

© Energy Solutions Center Inc. – All Rights Reserved

Vehicle Development

Natural Gas Vehicles



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Pressures

Weight of tank

New Materials:

Ingevity's Nuchar® FuelSorb™ activated carbon monoliths

Tank Development


http://www.cngschool.com/cng‐tanks


Alternative Fuels Data Center

Available Vehicles –Light Duty

https://www.afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/search/



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How does a dedicated NGV work?


Alternative Fuels Data Center

Available Vehicles –Medium – and Heavy Duty

https://www.afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/search/


Vehicles available as approved conversions and factory direct equipment

Vehicle types

Heavy Duty

Heavy Haul

Specialty Vehicles ‐ Sweepers

Sedans, Trucks & SUVs

Available Vehicles



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Fleet Conversions


Approved conversion packages available from numerous manufacturers

Allows for “dual fuel” option on vehicle including E‐85 vehicles

Dual fuel – Diesel/Natural Gas systems available

Diesel as a pilot fuel – not a spark ignition engine

Up to 85% Natural Gas

Fleet Conversions


ECM wire harness 3% by volume of Natural Gas in the turbo chamber.

LEL(Lower Explosion Limit requires 5‐15% by volume)

Remote Display Unit

V5000 Engine Kit Installed

Courtesy of W.W.Williams



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Market Drivers

95% less particulate matter

80 % less nitrogen oxide

Provides a reduction of 23% in greenhouse gas emissions when compared to diesel engines

Conversion Market


Systems may be ordered directly through automotive dealerships when placing an order for a new vehicle

All of the systems listed are aftermarket from the standpoint that they are offered as modifications to original equipment manufacturer (OEM) gasoline or diesel fueled vehicles

NGV Aftermarket Conversion Systems


List is maintained by NGV America on their website at NGVAmerica.org

NGV Aftermarket Conversion Systems

https://www.ngvamerica.org/vehicles/vehicle‐availability/



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Codes & Standards


Designed to standardize connectors, on‐board storage and on‐site storage vessels

Specifications for dispensers and dispensing equipment

Primary authors ANSI – American National Standards Institute

CGA ‐ Compressed Gas Association

NFPA ‐ National Fire Protection Association SAE ‐ Society of Automotive Engineers

Codes and Standards


Principle Codes, Standards and Advisories applicable to NGVs and Infrastructure

NFPA 52 – Vehicular Gaseous Fuel Systems Code ‐2010 – new edition approved in 2013

ANSI NGV1‐2006 – Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle Fueling Connection Devices

ANSI NGV2‐2007 and 2012 Addendums 2a and 2b – Basic Requirements for Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle Fuel Containers

Codes and Standards

Complete Listing at cleanvehicle.org



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Fueling Stations


On‐site Fueling Stations Time Fill Station

Fast Fill Stations

Residential Appliance

Public Fueling Stations

Current Outlook


Compressor capacity: 2 scfm per GGE/hr.

Electricity for compression: ~ 1 kWh per GGE

CNG storage available for fast‐fill: 0.35 x SCF at 4,500 psig

CNG Station Sizing Rules of Thumb



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Time Fill Stations

GasSupply

Dryer

Compressor3000‐3600 psi

MultipleFill Posts

Fill Posts(Temp. Compensation Control)


Use conventional reciprocating compressors

3 or 4 stages

Fuel line directly connected to vehicle

Vehicle fueled over hours from compressor

Ideal for Fleet Operations that return daily for overnight fueling

Time Fill Stations


Fast Fill Stations

GasSupply

Dryer

Compressor3000 – 3600 PSI

Fuel DispensingVehicle Fill Control

StorageTanks



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Fast Fill Station

http://www.fleetsandfuels.com/wp‐content/uploads/KwikTripnight‐e1335803641906‐1024x310.jpg

http://cleanngreenfuel.com/ny/


Use conventional reciprocating compressors 3 or 4 stages

Fuel compressed and stored in large tanks

Vehicle fueled in minutes

Ideal for Public Fueling Stations and Fleet Operations that require rapid fueling Transit systems

Short haul trucking firms

Shuttle services

Fast Fill Stations


Public Fueling Stations

GasSupply

Dryer

Compressor3000 – 3600 PSI

Fuel DispensingVehicle Fill Control

StorageTanks



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Source: Alternative Fuels Data Center, part of the DOE EERE office

U.S. Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV)Fueling Stations


Canadian Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV)Fueling Stations

Source: http://www.cngprices.com/station_map.php


Fuels at rate of ~ ½ gallon/hr.

Electrical: 240 VAC, 0.8 kWh


GasSupply

Phill P36 (3600 psi) Phill P30 (3000 psi)



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Manufactured by BRC FuelMaker – distributed and serviced in U.S. by IMPCO

Maintenance‐free

Certified as a Vehicle Refueling Appliance for indoor & outdoor use

May open the opportunity for Light‐duty/commuter market



Fueling Options


Renewable Natural Gas



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Biogas

AKA RNG – Renewable Natural Gas in a ‘raw’ form

The United States could generate up to 420 billion cubic feet of renewable natural gas per year from waste sources, or around 1.5% of current U.S. natural gas consumption.

Source: The National Renewable Energy Laboratory

48© Energy Solutions Center Inc. – All Rights Reserved 48© Energy Solutions Center Inc. – All Rights Reserved




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Landfills Municipal Solid Waste Landfill

Billy Malone, DeKalb County Sanitation

CNG Fueling Station


Electrical Plant

Flare Station

CNG Station

RFF Plant


Supplement conventional pipeline

To reach customers who are in difficult to reach locations

During times of peak demand

During pipeline congestion

When repairing pipelines

Virtual Pipelines



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Infrastructure


Options Utility builds and rate bases the facility

Work with other entities to build infrastructure

VNG.co

Trillium CNG

Others – see case studies section

Building the Infrastructure


Public access to fueling locations

Maintenance

Billing/Collections

Facility liabilities

Utility Station Issues



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VNG.co Co‐Located within existing gasoline stations

Provides convenient, accessible & familiar fueling experience

Full responsibility for infrastructure

Purchases, installs, services & maintain ownership

VNG in control of facility installation & operation


Trillium CNG

Over 80 CNG Stations built, upgraded, or operated

Trillium CNG will design, build, operate and maintain the station – providing full turn key services

Trillium CNG will finance CNG vehicle conversions & refueling stations


Legislative Developments

Legislative Developments



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NAT GAS Act of 2011 (H.R. 1380 and S. 1863) EXTENDED through 2017 Amends the Internal Revenue Code to:

(1) allow an excise tax credit for alternative fuels and fuel mixtures involving compressed or liquefied natural gas;

(2) allow an income tax credit for alternative fuel motor vehicles powered by compressed or liquefied natural gas and make Indian tribal governments eligible for such credits;

Political Acceptance

CONTINUED


Political Acceptance

NAT GAS Act of 2011 (H.R. 1380 and S. 1863) (3) modify the tax credit percentage for alternative fuel vehicles fueled by natural gas or liquefied natural gas;

(4) allow a new tax credit for the production of vehicles fueled by natural gas or liquefied natural gas; and

(5) the tax credit for alternative fuel vehicle refueling property expenditures for refueling property relating to compressed or liquefied natural gas and allow an increased credit for such property


NGVs may exceed the federal maximum gross vehicle weight limit by an amount equal to the difference of the weight of the natural gas tank and fueling system and the weight of a comparable diesel tank and fueling system. The NGV must not exceed a maximum gross vehicle weight of 82,000 pounds. (Reference Public Law 114‐94 and 23 U.S. Code 127(s))

NGV Weight Exemption



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Federal NGV Tax Incentives Federal NGV Grant Programs Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program

Federal Transit Authority Grants Clean Cities Program Voluntary Airport Low Emission Vehicle Program

National Clean Diesel Campaign

State NGV Incentives Varies by state

Other Governmental Programs

https://www.afdc.energy.gov/laws/recent

https://www.afdc.energy.gov/laws/fed_summary


School Boards

Local Delivery

Long Haul Delivery

Utility Fleets

NGV Audience


Case Studies

Golden Eagle Distributors/Ryder

SoCal Gas

Kwik Mart



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Tucson, AZ third CNG fueling station Golden Eagle operates 23 heavy duty fleet vehicles

Station built at Golden Eagle’s headquarters ‐ also open to the public

Partnered with TrilliumCNG to construct the station

Golden Eagle will continue to work with Ryder to introduce more heavy duty CNG vehicles into its fleet

Golden Eagle Distributors


Cost of leasing Tucson delivery fleet Diesel: $414,924 per year

CNG: $496,572 per year

Increase: $ 81,648 per year

Fuel costs per year – 90,000 gallons Diesel: $358,020 per year

CNG: $216,000 per year

Savings: $142,020 per year


Annual fleet savings due to vehicle licensing (no VLT – savings of $1,500 per year per vehicle)

Savings of $34,500 per year

Reduced vehicle maintenance expense

Since Dec. 2011, little to no mechanical issues

10% ‐ $12,500 per year



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Total Expected Savings

$107,372 per year


Nation’s first Alternative Fuels Fueling Station – developing a functional Natural Gas infrastructure in WI, MN and IA

Providing a Fleet Solution to public

Leverage Kwik Trip’s Fleet experience

Offer same Natural Gas Service and Support to public that is offered to their fleet

Kwik Trip


Developed Alternative Fuels Fueling Station for all alternate fuels

CNG (compressed natural gas)

LNG (liquid natural gas)

Propane

Biodiesel (B5, B20)

E-85

Various EV charging systems



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Numerous Projects

City of Ontario – Refuse Trucks & Vehicles

60 vehicles that run on compressed natural gas

75% of the solid‐waste trucks plus assorted pickups and medium‐duty trucks

Used five days a week in the normal course of city operations

In operation since 1994

SoCal Gas


School Busses Placentia‐Yorba Linda Unified School District

In operation since 1994

SCAQMD awarded approximately $500,000 in grants, or 80% of the total costs, for six CNG buses and on‐site refueling station

Time‐fill system eliminates the downtime spent in fueling lines



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School Busses Placentia‐Yorba Linda Unified School District

38 CNG buses in operation since 2005

CNG buses have a range of about 300 miles versus about 450 miles for diesel

Grants covered 80% of the $1 million cost of the infrastructure of the CNG fueling facility


Street Sweepers RF Dickson Company

Began their transition to CNG technology in 1999 First CNG sweeper in June of 2002 Today own and operate one of the largest private fueling facilities in Southern California

High‐powered compressors provides fueling for eight city fleets, five school districts, CALTRAN, airport shuttles, personal autos, taxis, private fleets and their own street sweepers


Transit Busses Culver City

Began using CNG in 1996

46 transit buses (entire fleet) – ranked the second best green fleet in North America in 2008

Equipment also includes 41 CNG powered refuse trucks, heavy‐duty public works trucks, parks vehicles, and various staff cars



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NGV ResourcesAvailable tools to provide additional information


ESC – Energy Solutions Center Located in Washington, DC

Consortium of utility companies interested in the promotion of gas technologies

Offering an NGV Workgroup

www.escenter.org

Associations & Resources


NGVAmerica – Natural Gas Vehicles for America

Located in Washington, DC

Represents more than 150 companies, environmental groups, and government organizations

www.ngvc.org




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Canadian Natural Gas Vehicle Alliance Located in Ottawa, ON

Advocates on behalf of Canada's natural gas vehicle industry

www.cngva.org

www.gowithnaturalgas.ca



NGVi – Natural Gas Vehicle Institute

Located in Las Vegas, NV Established in 1989

Provide training and consulting on natural gas as a transportation fuel

www.ngvi.com



ANSI – American National Standards Institute

Located in Washington, DC

Established in 1918

Oversees the creation, promulgation and use of guidelines that directly impact businesses in nearly every sector

www.ansi.org




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CGA – Compressed Gas Association

Located in Chantilly VA

Established in 19183

Dedicated to the development and promotion of safety standards and safe practices in the industrial gas industry

www.cganet.com



Cobey Energy, Buffalo, NY http://www.cobeyenergy.com/Virtual_Pipeline/virtual_pipeline.html

NG Advantage (Clean Energy company) in Milton, Vt. NG Advantage has grown quite a bit since we had them present, and now they are owned by Clean Energy. http://www.ngadvantage.com/

Xpress Natural Gas, Andover, MA http://xng.com/ Blue Gas Marine, Cary, NC http://bluegasmarine.com/fueling‐solutions/

Luxfer GTM http://www.luxfergtm.com/about‐us.html On Board Dynamics http://www.onboarddynamics.com/ GE Oil and Gas https://www.geoilandgas.com/pipeline‐storage/virtual‐pipeline

Virtual Pipeline Companies


Availability by Type

Natural Gas Vehicles



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Heavy Duty Vehicles


Vehicle Development – Heavy Duty

Buses, Shuttles and Trolleys – Partial list

NABI, New Flyer, Orion, Thomas, ElDorado, Blue Bird, Optima, Gillig, Variety of shuttle 2nd stage up‐fitters

Ford F450 and F550 with 6.8L engine

Ford F59 strip chassis with 6.8L engine

GMC C 6500/7500/8500 Topkick Series with 8.1L GM engine (retrofits of existing stock only)

GMC C4500/5500 Series Cutaway w 8.1L GM engine (retrofits of existing stock only)


Heavy Haul Vehicles



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Heavy‐Haul Trucks – Partial list

KenworthT800, Peterbilt386

Isuzu NPR and NPR HD cab‐over chassis w GM 6.0L engine (retrofits of existing inventory only)

Refuse collection trucks

Crane Carrier LET, AutocarXpeditor, ALF‐Condor, PeterbiltLCF 320 and Mack TerraPro, Many 2nds tage upfitters (e.g. Heil, McNeilus, Amrep, Labrie, PennFlex, EZ‐Pak, others)


Sweepers & Work / Vocational Trucks



Sweepers

(Elgin, Tymco, Schwarze, Allianz‐Johnston)

Work / Vocational Trucks

Freightliner M2 tractor and straight truck, Autocarand Capacity yard hostlers, KenworthT8SH, T440, T470, Peterbilt384 and 365, International DT466/MaxxForceDT‐equipped trucks

Workhorse W42 Chassis step‐van chassis w GM 6.0L

Workhorse W62 w GM 8.1L engine (retrofits of existing stock only)



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Sedans – Trucks & SUVs


Vehicle Development ‐ Sedans

1.8L Dedicated Honda Civic‐natural gas (OEM)

2.0L BiFuel and Dedicated Ford Focus

2.3L and 2.5L BiFuel and Dedicated Ford Escape and Fusion


4.8L and 5.3L BiFuel and Dedicated Chevy Tahoe

5.3L and 6.0L BiFuel and Dedicated GMC Sierra + Chevy Silverado 15/25/35

5.3L BiFuel and Dedicated Chevy Avalanche

5.3L Chevy BiFuel and Dedicated Suburban, GMC Yukon/Yukon XL

5.3L Dedicated Chevy Colorado and GMC Canyon

Vehicle Development – Trucks & SUVs



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5.4L BiFuel and Dedicated Ford F150, F250, F350 6.2L Super Duty soon

5.4L Dedicated Ford Expedition and Lincoln Navigator

6.0L BiFuel and Dedicated Chevy or GMC 2500HD, 3500 Series Cab & Chassis

Vehicle Development – Trucks & SUVs


Vans


2.0L BiFuel and Dedicated Ford Transit Connect

4.6L Dedicated VPG Auto MV‐1 Paratransit

4.8L, 5.3L and 6.0L BiFuel and Dedicated Chevy Express and GMC Savana Vans

5.4L Dedicated Ford E250, E350 Cargo and Passenger Van

Vehicle Development ‐ Vans



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6.0L Chevy or GMC G3500 Series Cab & Chassis and Van Cutaway

6.0L GMC and Chevy G4500 Cutaway

6.8L Dedicated Ford E450 cutaway

Vehicle Development ‐ Vans


Thank you …

Commercial 1 Track Unit 7 –Natural Gas Vehicles...

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