Coming To Terms With the New LC Vocabularies: Genre/Form (Literature, Music, General),

Demographic Groups and Medium of Performance

Janis L. Young, Library of CongressAdam L. Schiff, University of Washington Libraries

Hermine Vermeij, UCLA Cataloging & Metadata Center

June 29, 2015

Sponsor:Cataloging & Metadata Section,Subject Analysis Committee

#alctsAC15

A Program for CaMMS Subject Analysis Subcommittee

ALA Annual Conference 2015

Coming to Terms with the New LC

VocabulariesGenre/Form (Literature, Music, General),

Demographic Groups, and Medium of Performance

Overview and IntroductionJanis L. Young

Policy and Standards Division

Library of Congress

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AgendaFacets in LCSHFacets in the new vocabulariesStatus of the projectsPlans for the futureAssignment of termsAvailability of records

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“Facet: Any of the definable aspects that make up a subject (as of contemplation) or an object (as of consideration)”

Merriam-Webster online dictionary, def. 2

(Searched June 4, 2015)

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Facets in LCSHSubdivisions often considered

analogous to facetsTopicalGeographic ChronologicalForm

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Facets in LCSHMain headings have facets

Personal nameCorporate nameConference/event nameTitleTopicGeographic

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Facets in LCSHTopical headings

“True” topics: describe what materials are about

Automobiles in art

Library science

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Facets in LCSHTopical headings

Genres and forms: describe what materials are

Western films

Poetry

Sonatas

Encyclopedias and dictionaries

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Facets in LCSHTopical headings

Audiences and creators

Children’s stories

College students’ writings

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Facets in LCSHTopical headings

Medium of performance: the voices, instruments, and other entities required to perform a piece of music

Banjo and guitar music

Trios (Bassoon, clarinet, cello)

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Facets in LCSHTopical headings

Combinations of form, audience or creator, and/or medium of performance

Children's songs, Bantu

Haiku, American

Sonatas (Bass clarinet and piano)

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Facets in LCSHComputer cannot distinguish among

topics, genres and forms, audiences and creators, and mediums of performanceCoding is identical Form headings can often be used as topicsWe expect users to distinguish between works

of a genre or form, or for an audience or medium of performance, or by a creator, and works about it

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Facets in LCSHExamples

Old time music

Proverbs

Spanish language—Dictionaries

Spanish language—Lexicography

Waltzes

Waltz

—History and criticism

—History and criticism

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New Faceted VocabulariesLC Genre/Form Terms for Library and

Archival Materials (LCGFT)LC Medium of Performance

Thesaurus for Music (LCMPT)LC Demographic Group Terms

(LCDGT)

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New Faceted VocabulariesEach vocabulary describes a distinct

aspect of a workAllows for more flexibility and precision

in searching

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New Faceted VocabulariesSimplify discovery

Take advantage of new interfaces that (can) provide specialized limits and searches“Drill through” individual facets to limit

searchesSearch individual facets directly

End result: result sets that match users’ needs

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New Faceted VocabulariesExample

A collection of short stories about vampires written for teenagers by a French woman

Audience: Teenagers

Creator: French women

Genres/forms: Paranormal short stories

Subject: Vampires

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New Faceted VocabulariesEach vocabulary is faceted

An authorized term represents one aspect

Terms do not overlap in meaning

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New Faceted VocabulariesExamples

LCGFTAnimated fantasy films

Fantasy animated films

LCMPTCelesta and piano

LCDGTCanadian cancer patients

Animated filmsFantasy films

pianocelesta

CanadiansCancer patients

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New Faceted VocabulariesExample

A collection of short stories about vampires written for teenagers by a French woman

Audience: Teenagers

Creator: French; Women

Genres/forms: Paranormal fiction; Short stories

Subject: Vampires—Fiction

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Status of LCGFT Projects“Finished” projects

(Implemented in original cataloging at LC; PSD is accepting proposals)

CartographyLawMoving imagesNon-musical sound recordings

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Status of LCGFT Projects Projects in progress

(PSD is not accepting proposals)

General termsInitial terms approvedLC to implement in early 2016?

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Status of LCGFT Projects Projects in progress

(PSD is not accepting proposals)

LiteratureApproximately 230 terms were approved in

May 2015Approximately 160 will be approved in

September 2015 (Tentative List 1516)LC to implement in early 2016?

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Status of LCGFT Projects Projects in progress

(PSD is not accepting proposals)

MusicApproximately 560 terms were approved

February 2015Approximately 80 terms are yet to be

approvedLC has begun to implement in new

cataloging

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Status of LCGFT Projects Projects in progress

(PSD is not accepting proposals)

ReligionApproximately 40 terms appear on

Tentative List 1518, to be approved in September 2015

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Status of LCGFT Projects Projects in progress

(PSD is not accepting proposals)

ArtArt Libraries Society of North America has

begun a project to develop an art vocabulary

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Status of LCMPT“Finished”

PSD is accepting proposalsSACO proposals must be made through the

SACO Music Funnel (http://www.loc.gov/aba/pcc/saco/Music_Funnel.html)

Implemented in some new LC cataloging

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Status of LCDGT In progress

Approximately 400 pilot terms were approved in June 2015

“Introduction and Guiding Principles for the Pilot” is available at http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/lcdgt-principles.pdf

PSD is not accepting proposalsSubject specialists will enhance the vocabulary with

additional terms

PSD recommends that LCDGT not be implemented in a wholesale fashion at this time

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Future DirectionsLCGFT

Fully incorporate new disciplinesAdjust hierarchies and UFsRationalize the use of RTs

Remove the introductory phrase in scope notes?

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Future DirectionsDevelop a manual, similar to the

Subject Headings ManualWill be freely available onlineDraft available in 2016?

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Future DirectionsThe manual will

Incorporate “lessons learned” to provide guidance on proposing and assigning terms from LCGFT, LCMPT, and LCDGT

Avoid “case law” Contain as few exceptions to general

principles as possible, to allow uniformity of policy and ease of assignment

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Future Directions: Impact on LCSHNo immediate impact

All headings and subdivisions remain validEventually

Cancel subject headings that are never used as “true” topics (e.g., Waltzes)

Cancel any form subdivisions that are only used with the headings that are cancelled

Consider cancelling all form subdivisions that have an LCGFT or LCMPT equivalent (e.g., —Dictionaries)

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AssignmentContinue to assign LCSH as always,

including form subdivisionsAssign as many terms as necessary from

LCGFT, LCMPT, and LCDGT to bring out the pertinent facetsIf the classification number reflects a

particular form, genre, audience, or creator/contributor demographic, assign it as the first term

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Record Availability LCGFT, LCMPT, and LCDGT all available through

Classification Web LC’s Linked Data Service (http://id.loc.gov)

LCGFT also available through LC authorities (http://authorities.loc.gov) and MARC Distribution Service

LCMPT and LCDGT also available through MARC download pages LCMPT: http://classificationweb.net/LCMPT/ LCDGT: http://classificationweb.net/LCDGT/

The Work of the SAC Subcommittee on Genre/Form

Implementation (SGFI)

Adam L. SchiffChair, SAC SGFI

Principal Cataloger, University of Washington Librariesaschiff@uw.edu

Charge

• Acts as facilitator of two-way communication between the Library of Congress cataloging Policy and Support Office (PSD) and the cataloging communities with an interest in genre/form headings, including but not limited to the moving image, music, and law communities. To fulfill this charge, the subcommittee will both disseminate information from the Library of Congress to the cataloging communities, and act as an advisory body to LC in the matter of genre/form heading implementation. The subcommittee will identify areas to prioritize in genre/form heading establishment, coordinate interested parties in the cooperative creation of genre/form authority records and retrospective conversion of topical headings (150) to genre/form headings (155), and facilitate the sharing of best practices information. The subcommittee will develop general principles answering questions in the application of genre/form headings, including but not limited to which subject analysis conventions are appropriate (subdivisions, for example), and how genre/form headings should be indexed and used in systems.

Projects

• LCGFT general terms

• LCGFT literature terms

• MARC development• 046, 385, 386, 388, relator terms

• Policies and best practices• Genre/form headings manual

• DCM Z1 (Descriptive Cataloging Manual)

• Definition and scope of genre/form for LCGFT

LCGFT General Terms• Working Group chaired by Yael Mandelstam• Goal: to get a group of general, non-disciplinary terms into LCGFT• Predecessor: 185/155 Working Group in 2011 reviewed the 255 Library of

Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) free-floating form subdivisions and recommended that 127 of them be included in the genre/form thesaurus

• PSD initially agreed that 75 of them should be considered for general terms project and formally asked SGFI to undertake a project with them in 2012

• Working Group also looked at non-free-floating form subdivisions and at other thesauri to identify additional potential general terms

• Negotiated back and forth with LC PSD until a final group of terms was included on Tentative Monthly List 13 (January 2015); approved Monthly List of about 190 terms is available at http://classificationweb.net/approved-subjects/1513.html

• 040 $a has MARC code for SAC: IlChALCS

LCGFT General Terms• Terms which are not specific to a particular discipline

Abridgments Almanacs Bibliographies BlogsConference papers and proceedings Diaries DictionariesFAQs Guidebooks Newsletters ObituariesSayings Textbooks Yearbooks Zines

• Terms for ephemera (e.g., Calendars; Postcards; Theater programs)• Terms for puzzles and games (e.g., Crossword puzzles; Palindromes)• Terms for types of toy and movable books (e.g., Flip books; Pop-up books;

Tunnel books)• Some terms originally considered by the Literature Working Group (e.g.,

Captivity narratives; Creative nonfiction; Shaggy dog stories; Travel writing)

LCGFT General Terms

• Many have corresponding headings or form subdivisions in LCSH, but the LCGFT headings may not be identical. For example:

LCSH: $v Biography LCSH: $v CongressesLCGFT: Biographies LCGFT: Conference papers and proceedings

LCSH: $v Handbooks, manuals, etc. LCSH: Imaginary historiesLCGFT: Handbooks and manuals LCGFT: Counterfactual histories

LCSH: Playbills LCSH: Sound effects booksLCGFT: Playbills (Posters) LCGFT: Sound books

LCSH: $v Tables LCSH: $v ExhibitionsLCGFT: Tables (Data) LCGFT: Exhibition catalogs

LCGFT General Terms

• Divided into 10 “top” terms: Commemorative works; Creative nonfiction; Derivative works; Discursive works; Ephemera; Illustrated works; Informational works; Instructional and educational works; Recreational works; Tactile works

• These are mainly for gathering the general terms into broad categories; they will rarely be assigned in a bibliographic record because more specific terms are available

• Some of the more specific terms may be in the hierarchies of multiple top terms. For example, Handbooks and manuals has two BTs, Instructional and educational works and Reference works, which is an NT of Informational works

Examples

100 1_ Carbone, Gregory J., $e author.245 14 The atmosphere, seventh edition, Frederick K. Lutgens, Edward

J. Tarbuck : $b laboratory manual / $c Greg Carbone.246 14 Laboratory manual, the atmosphere, seventh edition 650 _0 Atmosphere $v Laboratory manuals. 650 _0 Meteorology $v Laboratory manuals.650 _0 Weather $v Laboratory manuals.655 _7 Laboratory manuals. $2 lcgft

Examples

110 2_ College Bound Scholarship (Program : Wash.), $e author.245 10 Program manual / $c College Bound Scholarship.310 __ Annual650 _0 Scholarships $z Washington (State) $v Handbooks, manuals, etc.650 _0 Government aid to education $z Washington (State) $v

Handbooks, manuals, etc.650 _0 Student aid $x Government policy $z Washington (State) $v

Handbooks, manuals, etc.655 _7 Handbooks and manuals. $2 lcgft655 _7 Serial publications. $2 lcgft

Examples100 1_ Gross, John, $d 1935-2011, $e compiler.245 14 The Oxford book of aphorisms / $c chosen by John Gross.650 _0 Aphorisms and apothegms.655 _7 Sayings. $2 lcgft

100 1_ Cordry, Harold V., $d 1943- $e compiler.245 14 The multicultural dictionary of proverbs : $b over 20,000

adages from more than 120 languages, nationalities, and ethnic groups / $c Harold V. Cordry.

650 _0 Proverbs.655 _7 Sayings. $2 lcgft

Examples

100 1_ Frank, Anne, $d 1929-1945, $e author.240 10 Achterhuis. $l English245 14 The diary of Anne Frank ...600 10 Frank, Anne, $d 1929-1945 $v Diaries.650 _0 Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) $z Netherlands $z Amsterdam

$v Personal narratives.650 _0 Jewish girls $z Netherlands $z Amsterdam $v Diaries.650 _0 Jews $z Netherlands $z Amsterdam $v Diaries.655 _7 Diaries. $2 lcgft655 _7 Personal narratives. $2 lcgft

Examples

100 1_ Crowther, Robert, $e author. 245 10 Amazing pop-up trucks / $c Robert Crowther.520 __ Text and pop-up illustrations introduce five different kinds of

trucks from cement truck to garbage truck, and explain what they can do.

650 _0 Trucks $v Juvenile literature.650 _1 Trucks.650 _1 Pop-up books.650 _1 Toy and movable books.655 _7 Pop-up books. $2 lcgft

Examples

245 00 The New York times theater reviews.650 _0 Theater $z United States $v Reviews $v Periodicals.655 _7 Theater reviews. $2 lcgft655 _7 Serial publications. $2 lcgft

245 00 The New York times film reviews.650 _0 Motion pictures $v Reviews $v Periodicals.655 _7 Motion picture reviews. $2 lcgft655 _7 Serial publications. $2 lcgft

Examples

245 00 Oregon child fatality review ... annual report. 650 _0 Children $x Mortality $z Oregon $v Statistics $v Periodicals.651 _0 Oregon $v Statistics, Vital $v Periodicals.610 20 Oregon State Child Fatality Review Team $v Directories.655 _7 Vital statistics. $2 lcgft655 _7 Directories. $2 lcgft655 _7 Annual reports. $2 lcgft

Examples

100 1_ Dior, Christian, $e author.240 10 Christian Dior et moi245 10 Christian Dior & moi / $c par Christian Dior.600 10 Dior, Christian.650 _0 Fashion designers $z France $z Paris $v Biography.655 _7 Autobiographies. $2 lcgft

LCCGT Literature Terms• Working Group chaired by Alex Thurman• Goal: to get an initial group of terms for literature into LCGFT that can be

used for BOTH individual works and compilations• PSD generated an initial list of potential terms from LCSH• Working Group examined other thesauri and reference sources for

additional terms• Negotiated back and forth with LC PSD until a final group of about 400

terms was included on Tentative Monthly List 15 (March 2015); about half of terms were approved; others deferred to Monthly List 16 (September 2015) due to workload issues in PSD. Approved Monthly List 15 is available at http://classificationweb.net/approved-subjects/1515.html

• 040 $a has MARC code for SAC: IlChALCS

LCGFT Literature Terms

• Top term: Literature

• Five high-level terms under Literature: Comics (Graphic works); Drama; Fiction; Folk literature; Poetry

• Some terms originally considered by the General Terms Working Group (e.g., Bestiaries)

LCGFT Literature Terms• Many have corresponding headings in LCSH, but the LCGFT headings may not be identical. For

example:

LCSH: Adventure stories LCSH: Motion picture plays LCSH: Horror comic books, strips, etc.LCGFT: Action and adventure fiction LCGFT: Screenplays LCGFT: Horror comics

LCSH: Comic books, strips, etc. LCSH: Nonfiction novel LCSH: Gothic fiction (Literary genre)LCGFT: Comics (Graphic works) LCGFT: Nonfiction novels LCGFT: Gothic fiction

LCSH: Horror tales LCSH: Moralities LCSH: Spy storiesLCGFT: Horror fiction LCGFT: Morality plays LCGFT: Spy fiction

LCSH: Plot-your-own stories LCSH: Comedy LCSH: TragedyLCGFT: Choose-your-own stories LCGFT: Comedy plays LCGFT: Tragedies (Drama)

LCSH: Mysteries and miracle-plays LCSH: Magic realism (Literature) LCSH: Suspense fictionLCGFT: Mystery and miracle plays LCGFT: Magic realist fiction LCGFT: Suspense fiction and Thrillers

(Fiction)

LCGFT Literature Terms• Explicit aspects like audience, creator characteristics, place of origin, language, and time

period of creation that are often included in LCSH were out of scope for LCGFT if they are explicit in the term, so you will not find terms like these from LCSH: Children’s poetry; Buddhist stories; Christian fiction; Gay men’s writings; College prose; Byzantine literature; Literature, Medieval; Russian drama

• However, when not explicit, terms may be in LCGFT, e.g. Azharot [Jewish liturgical poems on 613 commandments in the Torah]Bible plays [specific religion is not explicit]Chansons de geste [a medieval French genre]Comedies of humours [an English 16th-17th century drama genre]Fabliaux [bawdy medieval tales]Hyangga [Korean poetry from Unified Silla (668-935) and Koryo dynasties (935-1392)]Jataka stories [Buddhist tales about the previous births of the Buddha]

LCGFT Literature Terms• As mentioned earlier, there was a process of negotiation back and forth with

LC PSD

• Not all proposed terms were accepted, e.g., Chick lit; Feminist fiction; Film tie-in fiction; Gentle reads; Manga; Patriotic poetry

• Other proposed terms were deferred, e.g.:• Ethnic performing arts terms that have non-literary aspects such as music and dance,

e.g., Kamishibai plays; Kowaka plays; Topeng plays; Yaksagana plays. LC wants to further consider how (or if) they fit into LCGFT.

• Terms for styles, e.g., Dadaist poetry; Expressionist drama. LC wants to further consider whether style is appropriate for LCGFT.

• Working Group on LCGFT Literature Terms will follow up with LC on deferred terms

LCGFT Literature Terms• Working Group on LCGFT Literature Terms also has identified similarities

between some approved music terms and some unapproved literature terms, which it will discuss further with LC, e.g.:

Country gospel music Paranormal romance fictionCountry rock music Paranormal suspense fictionFolk-rock music Romantic comedy plays

Alma mater songs Complaint poetryCampaign songs EcofictionChristmas music Revolutionary poetrySea shanties Sea stories

Examples

245 04 The Faber book of gay short fiction / $c edited by Edmund White.260 London ; $a Boston : $b Faber and Faber, $c 1991.650 _0 Gay men $v Fiction.650 _0 Gay men's writings, English.650 _0 Gay men's writings, American.650 _0 Short stories, American.650 _0 Short stories, English.655 _7 Short stories. $2 lcgft

Examples

245 04 The best American poetry.260 New York, N.Y. : $b Collier Books, $c c1988-260 3_ $3 <2011->: $a New York : $b Scribner Poetry310 Annual362 0_ 1988-650 _0 American poetry $y 20th century $v Periodicals.650 _0 American poetry $y 21st century $v Periodicals.655 _7 Poetry. $2 lcgft655 _7 Serial publications. $2 lcgft

Examples

100 1_ Tartt, Donna, $e author.245 14 The goldfinch / $c Donna Tartt.650 _0 Young men $v Fiction.650 _0 Loss (Psychology) $v Fiction.650 _0 Artists $v Fiction.650 _0 Self-realization $v Fiction.651 _0 New York (N.Y.) $v Fiction.655 _7 Novels. $2 lcgft655 _7 Bildungsromans. $2 lcgft655 _7 Fictional autobiographies. $2 lcgft

Examples

100 1_ Feiffer, Jules, $e author, $e artist.245 10 Kill my mother : $b a graphic novel / $c Jules Feiffer.650 _0 Private investigators $v Comic books, strips, etc.650 _0 Murder $v Comic books, strips, etc.655 _7 Graphic novels. $2 lcgft655 _7 Noir comics. $2 lcgft

MARC Developments

• 385 – Audience Characteristics• 386 – Creator/Contributor Characteristics• 388 – Time Period of Creation• 046 – Special Coded Dates• 370 – Associated Place• Relator Terms

Audience and Creator/Contributor Characteristics

• Explicit indications of audience and creators/contributors of works and expressions are out of scope for LCGFT (although currently there are a few exceptions)

• This information needs to be retained somewhere

LCSH: Children’s periodicals LCSH: Young adult fictionLCGFT: Periodicals LCGFT: Fiction (or Novels, Short stories, etc.)

LCSH: American poetry--Jewish authorsLCGFT: Poetry

MARC 385 – Audience Characteristics• Indicators both blank• Subfields:

$a – Audience term (R)$b – Audience code (R)$m – Demographic group term (NR)$n – Demographic group code (NR)$0 – Authority record control number or standard number (R)$2 – Source (NR)$3 – Materials specified (NR)

MARC 386 – Creator/Contributor Characteristics

• Indicators both blank• Subfields:

$a – Creator/contributor term (R)$b – Creator/contributor term code (R)$m – Demographic group term (NR)$n – Demographic group code (NR)$0 – Authority record control number or standard number (R)$2 – Source (NR)$3 – Materials specified (NR)

MARC 385/386 $m and $n

$m – Demographic group term (NR)$n – Demographic group code (NR)

• During the development of the 385 and 386 fields, some commented that many class of persons headings belong to broader group categories that users might want to search or limit by. For example, children, tweens, teenagers, young adults, middle-aged persons, and senior citizens are all examples of age groups. Catholics, Baptists, Jews, Buddhists, Mormons, Muslims, Hindus, and Wiccans are all examples of religious groups.

• LC PSD maintains the list of group terms and codes: http://www.loc.gov/standards/valuelist/lcdgt.html

Also now established:

Mental and physical disability group [mpd]Use for the medical or psychological condition, or the physical or mental disability, of the group members (e.g., cancer patients, schizophrenics, paraplegics, blind).

Sexual orientation group [sxo]Use for the sexual orientation of the group members (e.g., heterosexuals, lesbians).

Social group [soc]Use for identifiable social groups that cannot be included in the other categories (e.g., blondes, vegans).

http://www.loc.gov/standards/valuelist/lcdgt.html

385/386 Fields

• $m or $n are optional• $2 is optional, but recommended if terms recorded are from a

controlled vocabulary• Repeat $a when terms are from the same vocabulary:

386 __ Women $a Canadians $a Librarians $a Archivists $2 lcdgtA work or works created by Canadian women librarians

and archivists• Repeat the field if $m or $n is used and terms belong to different

demographic categories:386 __ $n gdr $a Women $2 lcdgt386 __ $n nat $a Canadians $2 lcdgt386 __ $n occ $a Librarians $a Archivists $2 lcdgt

385/386 Fields

• Repeat field if terms are from different controlled vocabularies:

385 __ $n age $a Teenagers $2 lcdgt385 __ $n age $a Adolescents $2 ericd A work or works for teenagers

386 __ $n eth $a Indians, North American $2 mesh386 __ $n eth $a American Indians $2 ericd386 __ $n eth $a Indians of North America $2 lcsh A work or works created by Native Americans

385/386 Fields• Generally, break up compound terms into their

components. For example:386 __ African American women librarians $2 lcshuse instead:386 __ African Americans $a Women $a Librarians

$2 lcdgt or386 __ $n eth $a African Americans $2 lcdgt386 __ $n gdr $a Women $2 lcdgt386 __ $n occ $a Librarians $2 lcdgt A work or works created by African American women librarians

Which Vocabularies to Use?• Any vocabularies that are on the Subject Heading and

Term Source Codes list or other appropriate specialized lists such as Occupation Term Source Codes

http://www.loc.gov/standards/sourcelist/subject.html

• LCDGT is being developed as a preferred vocabulary to use in these fields

Examples - Bibliographic Records100 1_ Frank, Anne, $d 1929-1945, $e author.240 10 Achterhuis. $l English245 14 The diary of Anne Frank ...386 Girls $a Teenagers $a Dutch $a Jews $a Holocaust victims $2 lcdgt600 10 Frank, Anne, $d 1929-1945 $v Diaries.650 _0 Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) $z Netherlands $z Amsterdam $v

Personal narratives.650 _0 Jewish girls $z Netherlands $z Amsterdam $v Diaries.650 _0 Jews $z Netherlands $z Amsterdam $v Diaries.655 _7 Diaries. $2 lcgft655 _7 Personal narratives. $2 lcgft

Examples - Bibliographic Records100 1_ Lindgren, Astrid, $d 1907-2002, $e author.240 10 Pippi Langstrump i Humlegarden. $l English245 10 Pippi Longstocking in the park / $c by Astrid Lindgren ; with pictures by Ingrid Nyman.385 $n age $a Children $2 lcdgt386 $n nat $a Swedes $2 lcdgt386 $n gdr $a Women $2 lcdgt600 10 Longstocking, Pippi $v Juvenile fiction.650 _0 Parks $v Juvenile fiction.650 _0 Criminals $z Sweden $v Juvenile fiction.650 _0 Girls $z Sweden $v Juvenile fiction.651 _0 Sweden $v Juvenile fiction.600 11 Longstocking, Pippi $v Fiction.650 _1 Parks $v Fiction.651 _1 Sweden $v Fiction.655 _7 Fiction. $2 lcgft

Examples - Bibliographic Records

245 04 The Faber book of gay short fiction / $c edited by Edmund White.260 London ; $a Boston : $b Faber and Faber, $c 1991.386 Gay men $a Britons $a Americans $2 lcdgt650 _0 Gay men $v Fiction.650 _0 Gay men's writings, English.650 _0 Gay men's writings, American.650 _0 Short stories, American.650 _0 Short stories, English.655 _7 Short stories. $2 lcgft

Examples - Bibliographic Records

245 04 The best American poetry.260 New York, N.Y. : $b Collier Books, $c c1988-260 3_ $3 <2011->: $a New York : $b Scribner Poetry310 Annual362 0_ 1988-386 $n nat $a Americans $2 lcdgt650 _0 American poetry $y 20th century $v Periodicals.650 _0 American poetry $y 21st century $v Periodicals.655 _7 Poetry. $2 lcgft655 _7 Serial publications. $2 lcgft

Examples - Bibliographic Records100 1_ Dees, David B., $e author. 245 10 Quick Spanish for emergency responders : $b essential words and phrases for firefighters, paramedics, and EMTs / $c David B. Dees.385 Emergency Responders $2 mesh385 Emergency medical technicians $a Fire fighters $2 lcsh385 First responders $2 lcdgt650 _0 Spanish language $v Conversation and phrase books (for medical personnel)650 _0 Spanish language $v Conversation and phrase books (for fire fighters)650 _2 Emergency Medical Services $v Phrases $x English.650 _2 Emergency Medical Services $v Phrases $x Spanish.650 _2 Emergency Medical Services $v Terminology $x English.650 _2 Emergency Medical Services $v Terminology $x Spanish.655 _7 Phrase books. $2 lcgft

Examples - Authority Records

100 1_ Lindgren, Astrid, $d 1907-2002. $t Pippi Langstrump380 Fiction $2 lcgft385 $n age $a Children $2 lcdgt386 $n gdr $a Women $2 lcdgt386 $n nat $a Swedes $2 lcdgt

Examples - Authority Records

130 _0 Anthology of North American Indian and Eskimo music380 Folk dance music $a Folk songs $2 lcgft386 Indians of North America $a Eskimos $2 lcsh400 1_ Asch, Michael. $t Anthology of North American Indian and Eskimo music 430 _0 Musica degli Indiani e degli Eschimesi dell'America del Nord670 An anthology of North American Indian and Eskimo music [SR] 1973: $b label (An anthology of North American Indian and Eskimo

music / compiled and edited by Michael I. Asch)670 Musica degli Indiani e degli Eschimesi dell'America del Nord [SR]

p1974: $b label (Musica degli Indiani e degli Eschimesi dell'America del Nord)

Examples - Authority Records

130 _0 Love + relAsianships380 Drama $2 lcgft 386 Asian Canadians $a Canadians $2 lcdgt430 _0 Love and relAsianships430 _0 Love plus relAsianships670 Love + relAsianships : a collection of contemporary

Asian-Canadian drama, 2009.

Examples - Authority Records

130 _0 Gallaudet deaf literature series380 Monographic series $a Series (Publications) $2 lcsh380 Literature $2 lcgft386 $n mpd $a Deaf $2 lcdgt386 $n mpd $a Persons With Hearing Impairments $2 mesh670 Deaf American prose 1980-2010, c2012: $b t.p. (The

Gallaudet deaf literature series)

Time Period of Creation

• Explicit indications of the time period when works and expressions were created are out of scope of LCGFT

• This information needs to be retained somewhere

LCSH: Operas--18th century LCSH: Rock music--1961-1970 LCGFT: Operas LCGFT: Rock music

LCSH: English essays--20th century LCSH: Literature, MedievalLCGFT: Essays LCGFT: Literature

MARC 388 – Time Period of Creation

• First indicator – Type of time period# – No information provided1 – Creation of work2 – Creation of aggregate work

• Subfields:$a – Time period of creation term (R)$0 – Authority record control number or standard number (R)$2 – Source (NR)$3 – Materials specified (NR)

MARC 046 – Special Coded Dates

• Indicators blank• Subfields:

$k – Beginning of single date created (NR)$l – Ending date created (NR)$o – Single or starting date for aggregated content (NR)$p – Ending date for aggregated content (NR)

Examples - Bibliographic Records046 $k 19420614 $l 19440801100 1_ Frank, Anne, $d 1929-1945, $e author.240 10 Achterhuis. $l English245 14 The diary of Anne Frank ...386 Girls $a Teenagers $a Dutch $a Jews $a Holocaust victims $2 lcdgt600 10 Frank, Anne, $d 1929-1945 $v Diaries.650 _0 Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) $z Netherlands $z Amsterdam $v Personal

narratives.650 _0 Jewish girls $z Netherlands $z Amsterdam $v Diaries.650 _0 Jews $z Netherlands $z Amsterdam $v Diaries.655 _7 Diaries. $2 lcgft655 _7 Personal narratives. $2 lcgft

Examples - Bibliographic Records046 $k 2001 $o 1778 $p 1838245 00 Women's writing, 1778-1838 : $b an anthology / $c edited with an introduction and notes by Fiona Robertson.264 _1 Oxford ; $a New York : $b Oxford University Press, $c 2001.386 Britons $a Women $2 lcdgt388 1_ 1778 - 1838 $2 fast388 1_ Nineteenth century $2 lcsh388 1_ Eighteenth century $2 lcsh 650 _0 English literature $x Women authors.650 _0 Women $z Great Britain $x History $y 19th century $v Sources.650 _0 Women $z Great Britain $x History $y 18th century $v Sources.650 _0 English literature $y 19th century.650 _0 English literature $y 18th century.650 _0 Women $v Literary collections655 _7 Literature. $2 lcgft

Examples - Bibliographic Records

046 $o 1987 $p 9999 $2 marc245 04 The best American poetry.260 New York, N.Y. : $b Collier Books, $c c1988-260 3_ $3 <2011->: $a New York : $b Scribner Poetry310 Annual362 0_ 1988-386 $n nat $a Americans $2 lcdgt388 1_ 1987 - 1999 $2 fast388 1_ 2000 - 2099 $2 fast650 _0 American poetry $y 20th century $v Periodicals.650 _0 American poetry $y 21st century $v Periodicals.655 _7 Poetry. $2 lcgft655 _7 Serial publications. $2 lcgft

Examples - Authority Records

046 $o 16130 _0 Borzoi anthology of 17th-century English literature380 Literature $2 lcgft386 $n nat $a Britons $2 lcdgt388 1_ Seventeenth century $2 lcsh430 _0 Borzoi anthology of seventeenth-century English literature670 Seventeenth-century English poetry, 1967: $b series title page (The

Borzoi anthology of 17th-century English literature)

Examples - Authority Records

046 $k 07uu/1100 $2 edtf130 _0 Beowulf380 Epic poetry $a Narrative poetry $2 lcgft388 1_ Anglo-Saxon (culture or style) $2 aat430 _0 Bjowulf400 0_ Aldfrith, $c King of Northumbria, $d -705. $t Beowulf

Geographic Characteristics

• Explicit indications of the geographic place where works and expressions were created are out of scope of LCGFT

• This information needs to be retained somewhere

LCSH: American poetry--California--San FranciscoLCGFT: Poetry

MARC 370 – Associated Place

• Indicators not defined• Subfields:

$c – Associated country (R)$f – Other associated place (R)$g – Place of origin of work (R)$s – Start period (NR)$t – End period (NR)$u – Uniform Resource Identifier (R)$0 – Authority record control number or standard number (R)$2 – Source of term (NR)

Example - Bibliographic Records046 $o 20245 00 Feather floating on the water : $b poems for our children : an anthology

of contemporary San Francisco poets / $c edited by Virginia Barrett.370 $c United States $g San Francisco (Calif.) $2 naf385 Children $2 lcdgt386 Californians $a Americans $2 lcdgt388 1_ Twenty-first century $2 lcsh650 _0 Children's poetry, American $z California $z San

Francisco.650 _0 American poetry $y 21st century.655 _7 Poetry. $2 lcgft

Example - Authority Records

046 $k 07uu/1100 $2 edtf130 _0 Beowulf370 $g England $2 naf380 Epic poetry $a Narrative poetry $2 lcgft388 1_ Anglo-Saxon (culture or style) $2 aat430 _0 Bjowulf400 0_ Aldfrith, $c King of Northumbria, $d -705. $t Beowulf

MARC 751 – Added Entry—Geographic Name

• Indicators not defined• Subfields:

$a – Geographic name (NR)$e – Relator term (R)$0 – Authority record control number (R)$2 – Source of heading or term (NR)$3 – Materials specified (NR)$4 – Relator code (R)

But wait! There’s also:

Examples - Bibliographic Records046 $o 20245 00 Feather floating on the water : $b poems for our children : an anthology of contemporary San Francisco poets / $c edited by Virginia Barrett.385 Children $2 lcdgt386 Californians $a Americans $2 lcdgt388 1_ Twenty-first century $2 lcsh650 _0 Children's poetry, American $z California $z San Francisco.650 _0 American poetry $y 21st century.655 _7 Poetry. $2 lcgft751 San Francisco (Calif.) $2 naf

Relator Terms

Four new relator terms proposed by SAC SGFI have been approved by LC NDMSO:

Origination place [orp] use in 751

A place from which a work or expression originated

Capture place [cap] use in 751A place associated with the capture (i.e., recording, filming, etc.) of the content

of a resource

Discovery place [dvp] use in 751

A place where a natural object or artifact was discovered

Setting [stg] use in 651

An entity in which the activity or plot of a work takes place, e.g., a geographic place, a time period, a building, an event

Examples - Bibliographic Records046 $o 20245 00 Feather floating on the water : $b poems for our children : an anthology of contemporary San Francisco poets / $c edited by Virginia Barrett.385 Children $2 lcdgt386 Californians $a Americans $2 lcdgt388 1_ Twenty-first century $2 lcsh650 _0 Children's poetry, American $z California $z San Francisco.650 _0 American poetry $y 21st century.655 _7 Poetry. $2 lcgft751 San Francisco (Calif.), $e origination place. $2 naf

Examples - Bibliographic Records046 $k 1978100 1_ Maupin, Armistead, $e author.245 10 Tales of the city / $c Armistead Maupin.370 $c United States $2 naf386 Americans $a Gay men $2 lcdgt600 10 Singleton, Mary Ann $c (Fictitious character) $v Fiction.600 10 Tolliver, Michael $c (Fictitious character) $v Fiction.600 10 Madrigal, Anna $c (Fictitious character) $v Fiction.650 _0 City and town life $z California $z San Francisco $v Fiction. 651 _0 San Francisco (Calif.), $e setting.655 _7 Humorous fiction. $2 lcgft655 _7 Novels. $2 lcgft

Policies and Best Practices

• Genre/form headings manual• DCM Z1 (Descriptive Cataloging Manual)• Definition and scope of genre/form for LCGFT

Genre/Form Headings Manual

• SAC SGFI, in collaboration with PSD, is making a first stab at drafting a manual similar to the Subject Headings Manual. Draft policies will be submitted to PSD for review, discussion, revision, and eventual publication as an LC manual

• Revised drafts of instruction sheets being reviewed at this conference• Examples of potential instruction sheets: Order of Genre/Form Headings

Assigning and Constructing Genre/Form HeadingsForeign TermsParenthetical Qualifiers in Genre/Form Headings“Used for” ReferencesScope NotesLegal Materials: LegislationAudience Characteristics

DCM Z1 (Descriptive Cataloging Manual)

• SAC SGFI has written draft instruction sheets for LC/NACO policies for use of fields 385, 386, and 388 in authority records

• PCC Standing Committee on Training is reviewing/revising and will announce when they are available

Definition and Scope of Genre/Form for LCGFT• SAC SGFI Working Group on the Definition and Scope of Genre/Form

for LCGFT, chaired by Lia Contursi, was formed in January 2015, with representatives from each completed and ongoing project (art, AV, cartographic, general, law, literature, music, and religion)

• Recent expansion of LCGFT to include music, literature, and general terms made it obvious that documentation needed updating

• Its report was approved by SAC and sent to LC PSD on May 28, 2015• Proposes revisions to the Introduction to Library of Congress

Genre/Form Terms for Library and Archival Materials

Summary

• SAC Subcommittee on Genre/Form Implementation has had a very productive and successful three years in collaboration with LC

• Addition of many hundreds of general and literature terms to LCGFT

• New and revised MARC fields to accommodate characteristics of works/expressions related to genre/form

• Development of policies and best practices

• Thank you to subcommittee members, members of the subcommittee working groups, and LC PSD for the hundreds of hours devoted to achieving all this

The New Music VocabulariesHermine VermeijUCLA Cataloging & Metadata Centerhermine@library.ucla.edu

Outline

• LCGFT music terms

• LCMPT (Library of Congress Medium of Performance Thesaurus)

• Best Practices

• Examples

LCGFT Music Terms• Music Library Association Genre/Form Task Force, formed in 2009• Medium of performance separated early on• Most terms taken from LCSH • 567 proposals approved in February 2015• Music community has been using them for a few months.

LCGFT Music Terms – Top Terms

MusicAccompaniments (Music)Arrangements (Music)Art music ChantsDramatic musicFolk musicFunctional music

Glitch musicHumorous musicMedleys (Music)Notated musicPopular musicSacred musicSongsTeaching pieces (Music)

Full hierarchy available: http://www.musiclibraryassoc.org/page/cmc_genremediumproj

LCGFT Music Terms - Highlights

• Terms in LCSH are often sorted by geographical areas or ethnic aspects; not so in LCGFT:Tejano music [LCSH] Tejano music [LCGFT]

BT Folk music—Texas BT Folk musicBT Mexican Americans—Texas—Music BT Popular musicBT Popular music—Texas

• No medium of performance qualifiersLCSH LCGFTSonatas (Accordion) SonatasSonatas (Alto horn and piano)Sonatas (Arpeggione and piano) … etc.

• Many terms in the Notated music hierarchy were form subdivisions in LCSHLCSH LCGFT$v Parts Parts (Music)$v Scores Scores$v Vocal scores with [piano, etc.] Vocal scores

LCGFT Music Terms – What’s not There• Individual psalms and other texts of sacred music not considered

formsYes NoPsalms (Music) Psalms (Music)—64th PsalmRequiems Dies irae (Music)Masses Agnus Dei (Music)

• Headings denoting medium of performance and/or the number of instruments (e.g., Quartets; Nonets; String quartets; Piano trios)

• Many performing arts terms are on hold until they can be addressed by a larger community.

LCMPT (Library of Congress Medium of Performance Thesaurus)

• Music Library Association Subject Access Subcommittee (now Vocabularies Subcommittee)

• Instruments, voices, and ensembles—any forces needed to perform a piece of music

• Over 800 terms approved in February 2014• Most derived in some way from LCSH• Generally lower-case and singular• MARC work to accommodate authority records for terms (162, 462,

562) as well as expanding the 382 for greater granularity

LCMPT – Top Terms

ensembleperformervisuals

LCMPT – Deep Hierarchy

performerinstrument

wind instrumentwoodwind instrument

reed instrumentsingle reed instrument

saxophonealto saxophone

LCMPT - Highlights

• Some gathering terms taken from a well-known instrument classification by Sachs and Hornbostel, e.g., “aerophone;” “membranophone.”

• Generally divided into single performers (instruments and voices) and ensembles.

flute flute choirchild‘s voice children’s chorusbrass instrument brass ensemble

• Unusual termsmouseketierleaftin can

Best Practices

• Best Practices for Using LCGFT for Music Resources, available: http://www.musiclibraryassoc.org/page/cmc_genremediumproj

• Provisional Best Practices for Using LCMPT, available: http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.musiclibraryassoc.org/resource/resmgr/BCC_Resources/ProvisionalBestPracticesforU.pdf

• Both are provided for the interim period between the release of the terms and the release of the LC genre/form manual.

LCGFT for Music Best Practices - Overview• Generally choose the most specific appropriate term available

Rock musicNOTPopular music

• For notated music, add one or more appropriate form terms in addition to any other genre/form terms

[score and parts of a sonata]SonatasScoresParts (Music)

• For works of art music that cannot be described using more specific terms in the Art music hierarchy, assign Chamber music or Art music.

Jigs (Music) Jigs (Music)Art music Folk music

• Do not use “Art music” and “Folk music” for the music of cultures with no art/folk music division; when in doubt, don’t assign them.

LCMPT Best Practices - Overview

• Generally choose the most specific term appropriate.Medium of performance: alto saxophone, tenor saxophone, and baritone saxophone: 382 01 $a alto saxophone $n 1 $a tenor saxophone $n 1 $a baritone saxophone $n 1 $s 3 $2 lcmpt NOT 382 01 $a saxophone $n 3 $s 3 $2 lcmpt

• LCMPT terms can be coded in 382 subfields $a (Medium of Performance), $b (Soloist), $d (Doubling Instrument), and $p (Alternate Medium of Performance). MARC Formats and best practices document provide details.

• Use $n with terms from the performer hierarchy, if the number of performers is known; do not use $n with ensemble terms (upcoming MARC proposal for $e?)

382 01 $b viola $n 1 $a orchestra $2 lcmpt

Examples

100 1# $a Paganini, Nicolò, $d 1782-1840, $e composer.

245 10 $a Sonata concertata : $b per chitarra e violino : M.S.2 / $c

Niccolò Paganini.

382 01 $a guitar $n 1 $a violin $n 1 $s 2 $2 lcmpt

650 #0 $a Sonatas (Violin and guitar) $v Scores.

655 #7 $a Sonatas. $2 lcgft

655 #7 $a Scores. $2 lcgft

Examples100 1# $a Saint-Saens, Camille, $d 1835-1921, $e composer.245 10 $a Quintett in A fur Pianoforte, zwei Violinen, Viola und Violoncello, op. 14 / $c komponiert von Camillo Saint-Saens.382 01 $a piano $n 1 $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $s 5 $2 lcmpt382 01 $a piano $n 1 $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 1 $a cello $n $a double bass $n 1 $v double bass ad lib. $s 6 $2 lcmpt650 #0 $a Piano quintets $v Scores and parts.650 #0 $a Sextets (Piano, violins (2), viola, cello, double bass) $v Scores and parts.655 #7 $a Chamber music. $2 lcgft655 #7 $a Scores. $2 lcgft655 #7 $a Parts (Music) $2 lcgft

Examples

046 ## $k 1993110 2# $a RF7 (Musical group), $e composer, $e performer.245 10 $a Traditional values / $c RF7.382 01 $a singer $n 1 $a guitar $n 1 $a bass guitar $n 1 $a drumset $n

1 $s 4 $2 lcmpt650 #0 $a Punk rock music.650 #0 $a Rock music $y 1991-2000.655 #7 $a Punk rock music. $2 lcgft

Examples

100 1# $a Rodgers, Richard, $d 1902-1979, $e composer.245 14 $a The King and I : $b vocal selection / $c music by Richard Rodgers ; lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II.382 01 $a singer $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $s 2 $2 lcmpt650 #0 $a Musicals $v Excerpts $v Vocal scores with piano.655 #7 $a Musicals. $2 lcgft655 #7 $a Excerpts. $2 lcgft655 #7 $a Vocal scores. $2 lcgft

Examples

Authority record:

046 ## $k 1936100 1# $a Prokofiev, Sergey, $d 1891-1953. $t Detskie pesni380 1# $a Songs $a Art music $2 lcgft382 0# $a singer $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $s 2 $2 lcmpt

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