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Combining Justice with Development:Rethinking rights and responsibilities in the context of world Hunger and Poverty

World Hunger and Morality

Rohmer Rosales Saenz Salas Sanchez Serrata


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About the Authors

Radhika Balakrishnan

Born in Ootacamund, India

Received B.A. in Economics at the University of Illinois atChampagne

Received M.A. and Ph.D. in Economics at Rutgers University

Chair of the Board of the United States Human Rights Network

Chair on the Board of the Center for Constitutional RightsUma Narayan Received B.A. in Philosophy from Bombay University

Received M.A. in Philosophy from Poona University, India

Received Ph.D. in Philosophy from Rutgers University

Feminist Scholar

Author ofDislocating Cultures: Identities, Traditions and ThirdWorld Feminism

Serrata - Introduction


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Overview First Section

Authors seek to dispel various myths and assumptions concerningworld hunger and poverty

Avoiding misdescriptions that can lead to misguided solutions

Covers common problematic assumptions



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Overview Second Section

How economic and development choices contribute to hunger,malnourishment, and, ultimately, poverty

Focus on how women are affected in gender-specific ways

Central focus of moral concern should be everyday poverty and resilient

hunger and not episodic crises of famine

Final section argues moral obligations are that of justice and not merelycharity

Institutions and persons responsible for poverty and hunger bear the

responsibility Citizens of democratic societies are obligated to support policies aimed

at providing basic subsistence rights for all human beings



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Distancing Hunger

Rohmer - Distancing Hunger

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Distancing Hunger Cont.

The central question about world-hunger often tends to be posed interms of What, if anything, do those in the affluent nations owe thestarving peoples of the Third World?

It is worth reminding ourselves that world hunger is distinctly a

global problem, and that Third World hunger is only one of its facets.



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Distancing Hunger Cont.

There are many kinds of distance other than geographical ones.

Missing from many discussions on world hunger are the privilegedelites of Third World countries.

Ignoring the presence of the poor in western countries, and of theaffluent in Third World countries, contributes to the perceived validityof what we call the two life-boats metaphor, one that frequentlyhaunts philosophical discussions of world hunger.



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The Causes and Gendered Impact of GlobalPoverty and Hunger

Salas - Causes and Gendered

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The Causes and Gendered Impact of GlobalPoverty and Hunger

Colonialism and World poverty

Colonialism is the establishment, maintenance, acquisition andexpansion of colonies in one territory by people from another territory.Colonialism and Bengal

Colonialism is a process whereby sovereignty over the colony is claimedby the metropole and the social structure, government, and economicsof the colony are changed by colonists - people from the metropole.

Colonialism is a set of unequal relationships: between the metropoleand the colony, and between the colonists and the indigenous

population.

Affects of Colonialism on farming

Salas - Causes and Gendered


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Contemporary Policy Discourse

Retains the assumption that both famine an chronic poverty are theresults of overpopulation

Sanchez - Two Views


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The Debate

Sanchez - Two Views


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Problematic Gendered Implications

How do these schools of thought affect women?

Targets women's bodies as the source of the problem

Reinforces stereotypes of women and reproduction

Women's labor is exploited

Sanchez - Two Views


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World Hunger and Poverty as Matters ofJustice

Obligation of charity are often seen as matter of whatwe ought to do to promote the good of, or alleviate thesuffering of, others, and not as matters of their moralentitlement

Rights" are not mere gifts or favors, motivated by loveor pity" but something that "can be demanded orinsisted on without embarrassment or shame "[Joel

Feinberg]It's an issue of rights and entitlements of the poor and

the hungry and not just the right of the privileged tochoose who they want to assist.

We have obligation to ensure that all humans beingsSaenz- Matters of Justice


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World Hunger and Poverty as Matters ofJustice Cont.

Western nations such as the United States tended to emphasizepolitical and civil rights, while resisting equal emphasis on economicand social rights.

Patterns of global affluence and of global poverty are results of complexhistorical economic relationship between different classes of peoplewithin nations. Markets define people's entitlement.

Elimination of everyday hunger and undernourishment requiresextensive public provisioning of healthcare, education, clean water, andbasic sanitation as well as of food.

Citizens of democratic political system have an obligation to use ourpolitical rights to support national and international policies that areconductive to alleviating, rather than exacerbating, hunger and povertyat home and abroad.

Rosales - Matters of Justice


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Conclusion

Questions?

Comments?

Thoughts?

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