Combat Operations With Firearms Volume 2 Chapter 1 Tactics Release 2011 12 22

8/3/2019 Combat Operations With Firearms Volume 2 Chapter 1 Tactics Release 2011 12 22

1/45

Qgi{nk


2/45

6* Rfcrecs

Bkaejeregj0 Susrknfrec) igoecfi fxx|gfcd rg cgjr|gi x|glfleieru*

Rdes skcregj weii bkfi werd nftenepejo rdk x|glfleieru ga gxk|frg|s sfakrulu cgjr|giiejo afcrg|s rdfr faakcr cgnlfr gxk|fregjs* Gxk|frg| sdg{ib

c|kfrk cgjberegjs) nfjex{ifrk g| {reiepk rdejos ej kjqe|gjnkjrs) sg rdfrkqkjrs weii gcc{| ej f nfjjk| rdfr es afqg|flik wdeik bkjuejo rdk gxxgjkjr

a|gn fcdekqejo rdk sfnk*

Lkag|k cgjrfcr) rfcrecs weii lk x|enf|eiu ejqgiqkb werd mkkxejo gxk|frg|sa|gn bfjok|s) fjb ea f cgjrfcr werd gxxgjkjrs cg{ib jgr lk fqgebkb) nfmejo

rdk cgjrfcr gcc{| ej f nfjjk| rdfr rdk gxk|frg|s dfqk nften{n fbqfjrfok*

Nf`g| rfcrecfi afcrg|s f|k fs agiigws0

Ejag|nfregj

Gxk|fregj gl`kcreqk ' lfcmo|g{jb

Fii xf|reks ejqgiqkb g| xgrkjrefiiu ejqgiqkb

Rfsmejo cdf|fcrk|esrecs ' kaaecekjcu

D{nfj afcrg|

Ejag|nfregj x|gckssejo kaaecekjcuX|kcesegj fjb sxkkb ga fcregj

Cfxfleiereks fjb ienerfregjs ga d{nfj lgbu

Kv{exnkjr afcrg|Cdf|fcrk|esrecs ga kv{exnkjrs

Ienerfregjs ' Q{ijk|fleiereks

Igcfregj ga fii xf|reks

Kaakcreqkjkss ga o{jjk|u

[reiepfregj ga rk||fej ' sr|{cr{|ks ' gl`kcrs ag| x|grkcregj) g| grdk|

fbqfjrfok*

Nfjk{qk|ejo fjb xgseregjejo

Knessegj cgjr|gi

Ikofiereks


4/45

6*6* Fjfiuses ga nf`g| rfcrecfi afcrg|s*


5/45

6*6*6* Ejag|nfregj*

Lfsec bkse|kb ejag|nfregjs0

. Lkag|k gxk|fregjs0

Xgrkjrefi x|glikns fjb xgrkjrefi sgi{regjs f|k rdk x|enf|u cgjck|js*

Gxk|frg|s jkkbs rg cgjsebk| wdg cfj lk xgrkjrefi gxxgjkjrs) fjb xgrkjrefinkrdgbs rdk gxxgjkjrs neodr {sk rg kjbfjok| rdkn* Ser{fregj fwf|kjkss)

fleieru rg ktfnejk s{||g{jbejos fjb |kcgojepk rdejos ga seojeaecfjck rgskc{|eru f|k |kv{e|kb* Kv{exnkjrs jkkbkb rg bkfi werd xgrkjrefi fjb mjgwj

rd|kfrs jkkbs rg lk ebkjreaekb fjb fcv{e|kb* _dfr mejb ga fxx|gfcdks sdg{ib

lk rfmkj rg bkfi werd iemkiu rd|kfrs sdg{ib lk ebkjreaekb fjb sr{bekb*

.B{|ejo gxk|fregjs0

Kjqe|gjnkjr0

.XGKP

.Sdekibejo0 Rdes es fj gl`kcr rdfr cfj x|grkcr ug{ a|gn fj

gxxgjkjr/s xdusecfi frrfcm g| fj gl`kcr rdfr igwk|s rdkx|glfleieru ga lkejo bkrkcrkb lu fj gxxgjkjr*

.Glsrfciks

.Rk||fej fjb sr|{cr{|ks

.Xgsselik xfrds ag| fxx|gfcd rg f rf|okr f|kf g| ag| kscfxk*

.Dfpf|bs$x|kskjck ga aifnnflik) ktxigseqk nfrk|efi) afii dfpf|b)

krc*%

.F|reaecefi bkqeck rd|kfr$ngregj skjsg| fcreqfrkb ieodr) krc*%

Gxxgseregj0

.Igcfregj

.Fcregjs

.J{nlk|

._kfxgjs


6/45

.Kv{exnkjrs$Skjsg|s) cgnn{jecfregj bkqecks) krc*%

Fii rdk flgqk ejag|nfregj sdg{ib lk ejrko|frkb rg c|kfrk f ,leo xecr{|k,

qekw ga rdk kjqe|gjnkjr wdecd f xf|r ga ser{fregj fwf|kjkss*

Cgiikcregj nkrdgb0

.Be|kcr0 cgiikcregj rd|g{od d{nfj lgbu skjsg|) s{cd fs kuks fjb kf|s* Fisg

a|gn nkcdfjecfi skjsg| bkqecks rdfr f|k cf||ekb lu gxk|frg|s*

.Ejbe|kcr0 ejag|nfregj skjr rg gxk|frg| rd|g{od cgnn{jecfregj a|gn |kngrk

sg{|ck*

Ejag|nfregj Igfb Lfifjcejo0

_g|m igfb lfifjcejo |kof|bejo ejag|nfregj x|gckssejo ejqgiqks xifjjejo rg|kb{ck rdk x|glfleieru ga ejag|nfregj fng{jr gqk|wdkinejo fj gxk|frg|* Fj

gxk|frg| gqk|wdkinkb ej rdfr |kof|b wg{ib dfqk x|glikns werd x|eg|erepejoejag|nfregj) ejag|nfregj aeirk|ejo) ejag|nfregj bkqeck gxk|fregj) fjb

cgnn{jecfregj rg ejc|kfsk gxk|frg| sfakru*

Rdk|k f|k ienerfregjs ej rdk fng{jr ga ejag|nfregj rdfr cfj lk cgiikcrkba|gn skjsg|s* Dgwkqk|) kqkj rdk ienerkb fng{jr ga ejag|nfregj a|gn ienerkb

sg{|cks cfj ktckkb rdk fng{jr rdfr fj gxk|frg|/s nejb cfj x|gxk|iu x|gckssej f oeqkj renk a|fnk* Gxk|frg|s jkkb rg oeqk cgjsebk|fregj rg igfb

lfifjcejo fjb sc|kkjejo ga ejag|nfregj* Rdk sxkkb ga fcregj dfs rg lkcgjr|giikb rg iener rdk |frk jkw ejag|nfregj es |kckeqkb sg rdfr c|erecfi

ejag|nfregj rdfr cfnk ej rd|g{od skjsg|s wg{ib jgr og {j|kcgojepkb* Ag|ktfnxik) nfjk{qk|ejo afsrk| wg{ib ejc|kfsk rdk |frk ga ejag|nfregj a|gn jkw

f|kfs |kqkfiejo ej fj gxk|frg|/s xfrd fjb ejc|kfsk rdk x|glfleieru ga jgrennkbefrkiu |kcgojepejo f rd|kfr werdej aekib ga qekw*

Fjgrdk| x|glikn es werd bkfiejo werd ejag|nfregj cgnejo a|gn n{irexiksg{|cks* Ea fj gxk|frg| |kcgojepkb n{irexik rd|kfrs knk|oejo qes{fiiu) rdk

gxk|frg| nfu dfqk ikss kaaecekjcu |kckeqejo ejag|nfregj fisg cgnejo rd|g{odf{beg cgnn{jecfrkb lu fjrdk| gxk|frg|* Ea fj gxk|frg| es bkfiejo werd

qes{fi bkrkcregj ejag|nfregj rd|g{od kuks fjb ng|k bkrkcregj ejag|nfregj

rd|g{od E\ g| rdk|nfi enfoejo bkqecks) rdkj rdk|k f|k fisg x|glikns werdejrko|frejo g| |kcgjceiejo rdk ejag|nfregj) fjb fisg x|glikns werd

swercdejo ejx{r sg{|ck lfcm fjb ag|rd a|gn kuks rg s{cd nkcdfjecfi bkqecks*_dkj f{beg cgnn{jecfregj es ejqgiqkb) rdk|k cfj lk x|glikns werd gxk|frejo


7/45

f |fbeg wdecd cfj rfmk {x nkjrfi x|gckssejo |ksg{|cks* Xifj sdg{ib lkbkseojkb ej f nfjjk| rdfr s{cd nfjex{ifregj ga cgnn{jecfregj kv{exnkjrs f|k

mkxr rg f nejen{n*

Jfr{|fiiu) gxk|frg| wg{ib sdear frrkjregj rg bkfi werd wdfr es ng|kc|erecfi rg lk wg|mkb gj fs sggj fs xgsselik) s{cd fs x|gckssejo f cgjrfcr

werd fj gxxgjkjr rdfr es fj ennkbefrk rd|kfr* _dkj fj gxk|frg| es wg|mejogj rdfr rfsm) rdk gxk|frg|/s cfxfceru rg |kcgojepk g| x|gckss fju

ejag|nfregj rdfr dfs ikss |kikqfjck rg rdfr rfsm wg{ib benejesd* Rdfrnkfjs) fj gxk|frg| sdg{ib |kcgojepk rdfr rdk|k cfj lk ejag|nfregj rdk

gxk|frg| afeikb rg |kcgojepk b{|ejo rdfr rfsm fjb rdk gxk|frg| nfu dfqk rgktfnejk rdk ser{fregj rg skk ea fju ejag|nfregj es nesskb fs sggj fs rdk

c|erecfi rfsm ej dfjb es cgnxikrk* Senxik ktfnxik ga rdfr es fj gxk|frg|scfjjejo fj f|kf rg skk ea rdk|k f|k grdk| rd|kfrs fark| dfjbiejo f cgjrfcr

werd fj gxxgjkjr werd o{jjk|u x|gckss) g| cdkcmejo ea fjgrdk| gxk|frg| wfs

r|uejo rg rkii rdk gxk|frg| sgnkrdejo ea rdk gxk|frg| dkf|b f sdg{r* Rdesfisg nkfjs gxk|frg|s sdg{ib ktxkcr bkifus ej |kckexr ga cgnn{jecfregjs lu

grdk| gxk|frg|s fjb xifj fccg|bejoiu) s{cd fs jgr nfmejo x|gckb{|ks rdfrwg|ms {jbk| rdk fss{nxregj rdfr jg cgnn{jecfregj es kqk| nesskb*

Rdk|k f|k fisg x|glikns werd rdk l{|bkj ga cgnn{jecfrejo ejag|nfregj fjgxk|frg| dfs rg fjgrdk| gxk|frg| wdeik x|gckssejo ejag|nfregj fjb |kckeqejo

jkw ejag|nfregj fr rdk sfnk renk* Firdg{od cgnn{jecfrejo wdeik xk|ag|nejogrdk| rfsms nfu lk jkckssf|u ej ck|rfej ce|c{nsrfjcks) er sdg{ib jgr gcc{|

lu bkseoj wdkj er cfj lk fqgebkb* Rdk|k es f nesrfmkj lkieka rdfrcgnn{jecfregj es f lkjkaer* Cgnn{jecfregj es jgr f lkjkaer) rdk ejag|nfregj

|kckeqkb rd|g{od cgnn{jecfregj es f lkjkaer {jbk| rdk fss{nxregj rdfr er es|kikqfjr fjb fcc{|frk* Dgwkqk|) cgnn{jecfregj erskia es f l{|bkj* Fju

l{|bkj sdg{ib jgr ktckkb rdk fng{jr rdfr es jkckssf|u* Cgjskv{kjriu)cgnn{jecfregjs sdg{ib lk bgjk ej f nfjjk| rdfr nftenepks rdk jkckssf|u

ejag|nfregj skjr g| |kckeqkb werd nejenfi kaag|r* Fisg) rfsms sdg{ib lkbkseojkb ej f nfjjk| rdfr nejenepks rdk jkkb ag| cgnn{jecfregj*

Gxk|frg|s sdg{ib nejenepk |kiefjck gj |kckeqejo ejag|nfregj rd|g{od

cgnn{jecfregjs* Fj gxk|frg| rfmejo fcregj rg x|gckss wdfr es ngsr c|erecfirg gjk/s gwj sfakru) s{cd fs frrfcmejo fj gxxgjkjr rdfr es fj ennkbefrk

rd|kfr) wg{ib rfmk x|eg|eru gqk| cgnn{jecfrejo ejag|nfregj rg grdk|gxk|frg|s* Lkcf{sk ga rdksk ienerfregjs) rdk|k sdg{ib jgr lk fju fss{nxregj

rdfr fju ejag|nfregj wg{ib lk cgnn{jecfrkb ennkbefrkiu g| lk cgnn{jecfrkb

fr fii* Cgnn{jecfregj kv{exnkjrs cfj afei) fjb cgnn{jecfregjs cfj lknes{jbk|srggb* Fj gxk|frg| nfu jgr |kcgojepk rdfr ejag|nfregj wfs skjr rg

rdk gxk|frg|) fjb ejag|nfregj skjr cfj lk ejfcc{|frk*

Fjgrdk| fsxkcr ga igfb lfifjcejo es aeirk|ejo g{r {jjkckssf|u ejag|nfregj*

[sk ga dkf|ejo x|grkcregj kv{exnkjr s{cd fs kf| n{aas rdfr aeirk| g{rktcksseqk jgesk jgr gjiu x|gqebks dkf|ejo x|grkcregj) l{r fisg dkix

gxk|frg|s |kcgojepk f{beg seojfis rdfr es |kikqfjr* Fisg) bescgnag|r fjbafreo{k f|k erkns rdfr cf{sks besr|fcregj) fjb besr|fcregj xifcks gxk|frg|s


8/45

ej bfjok|* Rdgsk sdg{ib lk mkxr rg f nejen{n*

Cg{jrk|ejo gxxgjkjrs/ ejag|nfregj cgiikcregj kaag|rs0

Nkrdgbs ejqgiqk nesbe|kcregj) nesejag|nfregj) bkcgu) afisk fif|ns) krc*

Cgnn{jecfregj `fnnejo cfj lk ejqgiqkb fisg*

Gxk|frg|s sdg{ib fisg rfmk cf{regj fofejsr |kngrk bkrkcregj bkqecks* Rdfrejci{bks kv{exnkjrs s{cd fs s{|qkeiifjck cfnk|fs) ngregj bkrkcrg|s) fjb

grdk| fif|n susrkns* S{cd bkqecks bg jgr jkckssf|eiu dfqk rg lk gxk|frkb lugxxgseregj* F{rgnfrec ieodrs cgjjkcrkb rg ngregj bkrkcrg|s f|k ejsrfiikb ej

nfju dg{sks ej [*S* Fj gxk|frg| r|eook|ejo fcreqfregj ga s{cd bkqecks cfj

lk ktxgskb* Ejag|nfregj flg{r rdksk sdg{ib lk cgiikcrkb fs n{cd fsxgsselik*

6*6*6*6* Ejag|nfregj Skc{|eru*

Gxk|frg|s jkkb rg rfmk cf{regj fofejsr fju ejag|nfregj flg{r rdkn lkejo

cgiikcrkb g| cgnn{jecfregj lkejo ejrk|ckxrkb lu gxxgjkjrs* Ejag|nfregj|kifrkb gxk|frg|/s sfakru sdg{ib lk o{f|bkb a|gn fju xk|sgj wdg bgks jgr

dfqk f ikoerenfrk jkkb rg mjgw*

X|gckssejo'r|fjsnessegj ga ejag|nfregj rd|g{od kikcr|gjec kv{exnkjr nfudfqk q{ijk|fleiereks rdfr jkkbs rg lk o{f|bkb fofejsr* Jgj.kjc|uxrkb |fbeg

r|fjsnessegjs cfj lk |kifreqkiu kfseiu ejrk|ckxrkb*6*6*


9/45

{sk bkfbiu ag|ck ea jkkbkb* Gxk|frg| jkkbs rg lk flik rg xk|ag|n rdgskfcregjs wdeik kjb{|ejo sr|kss ga ieak rd|kfrkjejo bfjok|*

6*6*


10/45

rfsms*

Rg bkfi werd s{cd ejrk|ak|kjck) ng|k nkjrfi kaag|r rg nfejrfej c|erecfix|gckssks fjb rg s{xx|kss x|gckssks cf{sejo ejrk|ak|kjck nfu lk |kv{e|kb*

Rdk gxk|frg| sdg{ib ngjerg| wdfr rfsms f|k |{jjejo ej rdk nejb* [jejrkjbkbnkjrfi x|gckss n{sr lk s{xx|ksskb* Rdk cf{sks ga {jejrkjbkb x|gckssks f|k

qf|eg{s* Er cfj lk sgnkrdejo senxik fs e||kikqfjr rdg{odrs* Dgwkqk|) er cfjfisg lk ikf|jkb |ksxgjsks rdfr f|k r|eook|kb lu ck|rfej cgjberegjs)

fccg|bejo rg dgw rdk gxk|frg|/s nejb es cgjberegjkb* Rdk ikf|jejo nfu dfqklkkj bgjk kerdk| cgjsceg{siu g| s{lcgjsceg{siu) l{r rdk {jejrkjbkb |ksxgjsk

es s{lcgjsceg{s wdecd rdk gxk|frg| dfs ikss cgjr|gi gqk|*Sejck d{nfj nejb bgks jgr x|gqebk f a{jcregj rg k|fsk besc|krk |fjok ga

bfrf) rdk x|gliknfrec x|gckss bfrf dfs rg lk |kw|errkj g| gqk|xgwk|kb lufjgrdk| x|gckss* G| rdk r|eook| rdfr cf{sks rdk x|gckss rg |{j cfj lk

j{iieaekb lu cdfjoejo fssgcefregj* Ea rdk x|gckss es jgr fccksskb ag| f

igjo xk|egb) rdk ,enx|ejr, ga rdk bfrf cfj afbk*Ag| seneif| |kfsgj) sgnk ikf|jkb rkcdjev{ks nfu |kv{e|k |kxkfrkb r|fejejo

ej g|bk| rg x|kqkjr rdk x|gckss bfrf a|gn afbejo*

Ag| aejk cgjr|gi ga f wkfxgj) g| grdk| xdusecfi fjb nkjrfi rfsmejo) rdk

fleieru rg |kift rdk lgbu fjb nfejrfej cfinjkss rg f ck|rfej bko|kk wdeiklkejo fik|r es enxg|rfjr* Rdk fleieru rg bg sg {jbk| sr|kss ga ieak

rd|kfrkjejo bfjok| beaak|s ej bko|kk a|gn ejbeqeb{fi rg ejbeqeb{fi* Lkcf{skga rdk x|glfleieru ga ng|k kaag|r lkejo |kv{e|kb ag| aejk cgjr|gi {jbk|

sr|kss) sgnk nfu cdggsk rg {sk rkcdjev{ks rdfr f|k ng|k ag|oeqejo rg cgf|skngqknkjrs g| |kv{e|ks ikss g| jg aejk ngqknkjrs* Er es xgsselik rg skikcr

gjiu rdk rkcdjev{ks rdfr dfqk ikss g| jg aejk ngqknkjrs) fjb ktxkcrs{cckss) ag| |kfsgjs s{cd fs cigsk besrfjck g| grdk| afcrg|s ej f

xf|rec{if| ser{fregj rdfr |kb{cks rdk jkcksseru ga ngregjs werd ng|kx|kcesegj* Dgwkqk|) fj gxk|frg| wdg cdggsks rg bg sg es jgr iemkiu rg

dfjbik f ser{fregj wdk|k x|kcesegj |kv{e|kb es flgqk rdk ikqki ga x|kcesegjrdk rkcdjev{ks rdk gxk|frg| es {skb rg x|gqebk* Rdk gxk|frg| wdg dfs

sr|gjok| cgjr|gi gqk| gjks nkjrfi fjb xdusecfi srfrk fjb es flik rg srfucifn weii dfqk ng|k |fjok ga rkcdjev{ks rdfr cfj lk knxigukb) fjb fisg dfqk

ng|k x|kcesegj fjb aikteleieru werd rdk rkcdjev{ks knxigukb*

6*6*


11/45

.Nejenepk j{nlk| ga rfsm fr f oeqkj renk0Frrknxr rg cgjr|gi rdk sxkkb) x|glfleieru fjb a|kv{kjcu ga kqkjrs rdfr

|kv{e|k frrkjregj knk|oejo* Ag| ktfnxik) sigw ngqknkjr ag| nfjk{qk| nfunfmk {j|kqkfikb f|kf |kqkfi sigwiu) nfmejo jkw kiknkjrs ga cgjck|j fxxkf|

fr f sigwk| |frk* R|uejo rg mkkx j{nlk| ga rfsms x|gcksskb fr rdk sfnk renkrg f nejen{n) lu skikcreqkiu ktkc{rejo ienerkb j{nlk| ga rfsms fr f renk)

nfu ejc|kfsk kaaecekjcu ga nkjrfi x|gckss*

6*6*


12/45

lk |kfbu rg bg wdfr er es |kv{e|kb gjck er okrs rg rdk xgseregj*

Ea rdk|k es f rfsm rdfr cfj gjiu lk x|gxk|iu cgnxikrkb lu bgejo s{lrfsms ejsxkceaec skv{kjck) rdkj nkng|epejo fjb ejo|fejejo rdfr s{lrfsms ej skv{kjck

weii lk lkjkaecefi* Dgwkqk|) rdk x|gckb{|k sdg{ib jgr lk ng|k sxkceaec rdfjer jkkbs rg lk*

Rdk|k es f rkjbkjcu ag| nfju xkgxik g| g|ofjepfregjs rg c|kfrk sc|exrkb

ngregj skv{kjcks rdfr es rg lk agiigwkb ag| fs nfju rfsms rdku cfj rdejm gafs xgsselik* Rdk x|glikn werd rdfr fxx|gfcd es rdfr f ck|rfej sc|exrkb

skv{kjck ga ngregjs kaaecekjr ej gjk ser{fregj nfu jgr lk akfselik ej grdk|ser{fregj wdkj xk|ag|nejo rdk sfnk rfsm* Fjb) sgnk renks rdku c|kfrk

sc|exrkb ngregj skv{kjck `{sr ag| rdk sfmk ga dfqejo gjk*

Gjk x|enk ktfnxik es akkr fjb iko ngqknkjr ag| r{|jejo ngregj wdkj gxk|frg|

|ksxgjbs rg bkrkcrkb gxxgjkjrs rg gjk/s sebk g| |kf| ag| fenejo* E|kcgnnkjb rg JGR sc|exr kjre|k iko ngregj skv{kjck ag| rdfr x{|xgsk* Ej

gxk|fregjs) gxk|frg| nfu aejb gjkskia srfjbejo gj qf|ekru ga beaak|kjrs{|afcks* Rdgsk s{|afcks nfu jgr lk kqkj) nfu cgjrfej glsrfciks) nfu gjiux|gqebk qf|u ienerkb f|kf ag| rdk gxk|frg| rg xifck gjk/s aggr* Er/s jgr

akfselik rg sc|exr f aggr wg|m ag| kqk|u cgjckeqflik s{|afck cgjberegjs)fjb kqkj ea er es frrknxrkb) er es {jiemkiu rdfr fjurdejo wg|rd rdk kaag|r

weii cgnk g{r ga er*

_dkj sgnkgjk xifjs rg fiwfus r{|j werd rdk s{xxg|r f|n sebk aggr ae|sr) rdkxk|sgj nfu ifrk| aejb gjkskia srfjbejo gj f xifck wdk|k bgejo sg wg{ib lk

ejkaaecekjr) bfjok|g{s) g| senxiu enxgsselik lkcf{sk ga glsrfciks|ksr|ecrejo ngqknkjr*

Ea fj gxk|frg| es agiigwejo f |{ik ga fiwfus srkxxejo rgwf|b rdk be|kcregj

rdk gxk|frg| r{|js rg) rdk gxk|frg| weii iemkiu sifn gjk/s mjkk ejrg f ae|kdub|fjr ea rdk|k wfs gjk |eodr lkdejb rdk gxk|frg| fs rdk gxk|frg|

|ksxgjbkb rg f rd|kfr knk|oejo a|gn rdk |kf|*

Ngsr fb{ir xkgxik/s nejb dfqk srg|kb bfrf |kof|bejo dgw rg ngqk gjk/s ikorg r{|j ej qf|ekru ga beaak|kjr ce|c{nsrfjcks* F akw sc|exrkb skv{kjck ej

ngsriu s{erkb ag| f aifr o|g{jb werd jg glsrfciks es deodiu {jiemkiu rg lkga fju lkrrk| v{fieru ga f cgjr|gi sgarwf|k rdfj rdk cgjr|gi sgarwf|k ngsr

fb{irs fi|kfbu bkqkigxkb rd|g{od bkcfbks ga rdke| ieqks*

Rdk flgqk ktfnxik eii{sr|frks rdfr wdkj cgjsebk|ejo sc|exrkb skv{kjck ga

ngregj ag| bkqkigxejo rkcdjev{k rg xk|ag|n f rfsm) xgrkjrefi lkjkaer fjb|esm ejqgiqkb sdg{ib lk ktfnejkb*

6*6*


13/45

Xdusecfi cdf|fcrk|esrecs0

Ag| ktfnxik) d{nfj kuks cfj gjiu skk rdejos werdej ck|rfej aekib ga qekw)fjb gl`kcrs ej xk|exdk|fi qesegj f|k jgr cikf|iu |kcgojepkb* Fisg) er rfmks

ikss renk ag| fj gxk|frg| rg sdear agc{s a|gn gjk gl`kcr rg fjgrdk| ea rdkfjo{if| besr|el{regj ga gl`kcrs f|k ikss* Ejc|kfskb wkeodr ga rdk okf| nfu

|kb{ck kaakcreqkjkss fjb cf{sk afreo{k afsrk|* Rdksk ienerfregjs sdg{ib lkcgjsebk|kb wdeik skikcrejo cg{|sk ga fcregj*

Kjk|ou x|ksk|qfregj0

Mkkx kjk|ou ktxkjber{|k ag| gjiu rdk fcregjs rdfr f|k jkckssf|u* Ng|k rdksxkkb fjb j{nlk| ga fcregjs) deodk| rdk kjk|ou cgjs{nxregj |frk* Mkkx rdk

sxkkb fjb j{nlk| ga fcregjs gjiu rg f ikqki rdfr es jkckssf|u* Afreo{kfaakcrs gqk|fii kaaecekjcu ga fcregjs*

Fj gxk|frg| n{sr jgr lk rgg afreo{kb ag| kaakcreqk |kfcregj rg cgjrfcr frfju xgejr) fjb fju rkcdjev{k g| xifj knxigukb rdfr bgks cgjaiecrs werd rdes

sdg{ib lk fqgebkb fs n{cd fs xgsselik* Rdes fisg fxxieks rg kv{exnkjrskikcregj* _dkj f cf||ekb g| {sk ga fj kv{exnkjr cf{sks afreo{k) rdk|ksdg{ib lk f xifj rg cgjr|gi rdk rdk ikjord g| nfjjk| ga cf||u fjb {sk ga

rdfr kv{exnkjr rg mkkx rdk bko|kk ga afreo{k rg f ikqki wdk|k gxk|frg| cfjsreii gxk|frk werd kaakcreqkjkss*

Kjqe|gjnkjrfi cgjr|gi fjb cgnag|r0

Gjk garkj gqk|iggmkb fsxkcr es cgnag|r* Rdes es garkj nesrfmkjiu skkj fsi{t{|u) er es fcr{fiiu fj enxg|rfjr erkn* Bescgnag|r es f seojfi ejx{r rdfr

cfj ejrk|ak|k werd skjsejo jkckssf|u ejag|nfregj {jikss rdfr ejx{r erskiaes |kikqfjr* Bescgnag|r es besr|fcregj) fjb besr|fcregj es f bfjok| rg

gxk|frg|s* Fleieru rg wg|m werd ck|rfej ikqki ga bescgnag|r es f jkcksseru)l{r jgr okrrejo |eb ga fju {jjkckssf|u bescgnag|r wdkj rdk|k es fj

gxxg|r{jeru es jgrdejo sdg|r ga sr{xeberu*

Rdk|k es f ienerkb |fjok ga kjqe|gjnkjrfi cgjberegj wdk|k d{nfj cfj lkkaakcreqk* Ng|k rdk kjqe|gjnkjr bkqefrks a|gn rdfr |fjok) rdk kaakcreqkjkss

okrs faakcrkb fjb x|glfleieru ga df|n |esks* Ea rdk bko|kk ga bkqefregj esdeod) rdkj rdk|k es f x|glfleieru ga ej`{|u g| bkfrd a|gn kjqe|gjnkjrfi

kaakcr*

Xifjjejo fjb kv{exnkjr |kfbejkss ejci{bks cgjsebk|fregj flg{r dgw rg mkkx

fj gxk|frg| ej rdk gxrenfi kjqe|gjnkjrfi cgjberegj fjb dgw rg x|grkcr rdkgxk|frg| a|gn er wdkj rdk kjqe|gjnkjr bkqefrks a|gn er*

Ng|k bkrfeis ej Qgi{nk 6 Kv{exnkjrs skcregj*

6*6*


14/45

Xk|ckxregj ga f rd|kfr rdfr nfu cf{sk df|n cf{sks sr|kss* Rdk ikqki es

deodk| wdkj rdk rd|kfr es fssgcefrkb werd xdusecfi df|n) bkfrd) g| igss gafjurdejo rdfr es enxg|rfjr kjg{od ag| sgnkgjk rg kjofok ej cgnlfr rg o{f|b

er fr rdk |esm ga xdusecfi df|n g| bkfrd* Rdk sr|kss cf{skb lu er cfjejrk|ak|k werd kaaecekjr nkjrfi ejag|nfregj x|gckssejo g| cgjr|gi gqk| lgbu

ngqknkjr* Rdes wf||fjrs f iggm fr nkfs{|ks rg |kb{ck rdk sr|kss rg |kb{ckrdk ejrk|ak|kjck fjb gqk|cgnk ktesrejo ejrk|ak|kjck*

Fju ngqknkjr cgjr|gi ga rdk lgbu xf|r es bgjk lu bkrk|nejejo rf|okr

ngqknkjr) ess{k cgjr|gi seojfis rg ngqk) r|fcm rdk ngqknkjr werd skjsg|s)fjb skjb jkckssf|u seojfis rg cg||kcr k||g|s ga rdk ngqknkjr fs rdk nejb

bkrk|nejks* Rdes es f cgjrej{g{s akkb lfcm iggx* Fii x|gckss es |{jcgjsrfjriu) l{r er weii rfmk renk ag| f bkrk|nejfregj ej nejb rg og rd|g{od

rdk iggx fjb |ks{ir ej ngregj ga rdk fcr{fi rf|okr lgbu xf|r* X|glikn werd

rdk fjfigo cgjr|gi susrkn g{| lgbu dfs werd cgjb{crejo f ck|rfej x|gckss esrdfr er fiigws seojfis okjk|frkb lu nejb g| skjsg| ejx{r rdfr es e||kikqfjr

rg rdk x|gckss rg ejrk|ak|k werd er* Lu rdk fjfigo jfr{|k) seojfis jkkb rgr|fcm fjb cgnnfjb aejk ngqknkjrs weii lk faakcrkb ng|k* Rdes x|glikn dfs rglk bkfir werd*

Ng|k |kiefjck gj ikss k||g| x|gjk skjsg| es gjk* Ag| r|fcmejo f ngqknkjr g|

igcfregj) rdk qes{fi skjsg| es rdk ngsr fcc{|frk fjb |kieflik* Rdfr es rdk|kfsgj wdu ngregjs rdfr |kv{e|ks x|kcesegj) s{cd fs fenejo f wkfxgj) f|k

bgjk qes{fiiu* Ng|k nkjrfi kaag|r ag| ess{ejo cgnnfjb seojfis fjb |kckeqejor|fcmejo seojfis) lu cgjckjr|frejo gj rdk aejk ngregjs |kv{e|kb) nfu fisg

wg|m) werd ck|rfej ienerfregjs* Dgwkqk|) rdfr nfu cgjs{nk fbberegjfi nkjrfi|ksg{|cks*

Fisg) {jejrkjbkb cgnnfjb seojfis okjk|frkb n{sr lk s{xx|ksskb* Aiejcdejo

{xgj wkfxgj ae|k nfu lk gjk ktfnxik ga s{cd cgnnfjb seojfi* Sgnk ga rdgskf|k sxgjrfjkg{s fcregjs werd igw x|glfleieru ga |kxkfrejo* Dgwkqk|) rdgsk

{jejrkjbkb cgnnfjb seojfis cfj lk a|gn f ikf|jkb |ksxgjsk rdfr es r|eook|kblu ck|rfej cgjberegjs* Gxk|frg| sdg{ib lk flik rg bkrkcr) befojgsk) fjb aet

rdk x|glikn*

Dfqejo x|eg| mjgwikbok fjb x|kxf|fregj ag| xgrkjrefi rd|kfr cfj |kb{ck rdksr|kss |ksxgjsk) lkcf{sk er oeqks rdk gxk|frg| ng|k x|glfleieru ga cgjr|gi

gqk| rdk rd|kfr ser{fregj* Er fisg nfmks er xgsselik ag| rdk gxk|frg| rg

fssgcefrk rdk xk|ckxregj ga rd|kfr werd f x|gxk| |ksxgjsk) fjb {reiepk rdkseojfis okjk|frkb a|gn rdk xk|ckxregj ga rdk rf|okrkb rd|kfr fs f sren{ie

ag| f x|gxk| |ksxgjsk*

Cgjr|giikb l|kfrdejo fr ngbk|frk xdfsk nfu fisg dkix |kb{ck rkjsegj fjb

ofej skjsk ga cgjr|gi gqk| xdusecfi ktcerknkjr* Nkjrfi rkjsegj {jbk| rd|kfrnfu cf{sk f xk|sgj rg s{lcgjsceg{siu xf{sk l|kfrdejo* Lgbu/s |kfcregj rg

dgibejo l|kfrd nfu cf{sk fbberegjfi nkjrfi fjb xdusecfi rkjsegj wdecd cfjlk |kb{ckb lu cgjr|giikb l|kfrdejo*


15/45

Cgjberegjejo gjkskia rg scfj s{||g{jbejos ej x|gxk| a|kv{kjcu ag|

ser{fregjfi fwf|kjkss) {jikss rdk|k es f sxkceaec rdejo rdfr wf||fjrsfrrkjregj) cfj dkix cg{jrk| rdk kaakcr ga sr|kss cf{sejo xkgxik rg okr

rdke| frrkjregj gqk|iu aetfrkb gj ienerkb scgxk fjb igsejo ser{fregjfifwf|kjkss*

Rdk|k es fiwfus f x|glfleieru ga ej`{|u g| bkfrd wdkj f xk|sgj es ej fj

f|kf wdk|k fj gxxgjkjr ejrkjbejo rg cf{sk s{cd df|n ktesrs* Rdfr es cf{skssr|kss rdfr bkc|kfsks gjk/s kaakcreqkjkss ej cf||uejo g{r rfsms* Ea f

xk|sgj ejrkjb rg lk s{cckssa{i ej f cgnlfr gxk|fregj) rdk|k jkkb rg lk fj{jbk|srfjbejo rdfr wdkrdk| ea gjk fcckxrs rdfr |esm g| jgr es e||kikqfjr rg

rdk afck rdfr rdk |esm ktesrs* Sr|kss jkkbs rg lk cgjr|giikb) jgr rd|g{ode||fregjfi bkjefi ga fj ktesrejo bfjok|) l{r rd|g{od rdk {jbk|srfjbejo rdfr

susrknfrecfiiu fxxiuejo x|gxk| rfcrecs rkcdjev{ks |kb{cks rdfr |esm fjb {sk

er fs f ngreqfrg| ag| cf||uejo g{r rdk rfsm werd cgjqecregj* Ej rdfr skjsk)fj g|ofjepfregj cfj nfmk f nknlk| dfqk cgjqecregj lu rkiiejo rdk nknlk| rg

dfqk er* _dfr rdk xk|sgj es rgib rg bg jkkbs rg nfmk skjsk flg{r wdu erwg{ib enx|gqk gjk/s skc{|eru*

[sk ga sgnk nkrdgbs rdfr f|k |kifreqkiu cgnxikt cgnxf|kb rg grdk| nkrdgbsrg fcdekqk f sfnk ogfi rdfr f|k ikss cgnxikt nfu lk `{sreaekb ea rdk

|kifreqkiu cgnxikt nkrdgbs wg{ib dfqk deodk| kaakcreqkjkss wdkj cg||kcriuktkc{rkb* Fisg) ck|rfej rdejos cfj gjiu lk fcdekqkb lu {sk ga cgnxikt

nkrdgbs* Sr|kss bko|fbejo gjk/s kaakcreqkjkss faakcrejo fleieru rg xk|ag|nng|k cgnxikt rfsm ng|k cfj lk f |esm werd f bkcesegj rg {sk rdgsk

|kifreqkiu cgnxikt nkrdgbs* Dgwkqk|) ea r|fejejo fjb |kskf|cd |ksg{|ck esfqfeiflik) gxk|frg|s sdg{ib jgr ikr rdk srfjbf|b ga ienerejo nkrdgbs {skb

rg wdfr cfj lk fcdekqkb werd senxik ngregjs g| rdejmejo becrfrk wdfr rdkucfj g| cfjjgr bg* Ea f lkrrk| |ks{ir cfj lk dfb werd {sk ga ng|k cgnxikt

nkrdgbs) rdkj gxk|frg|s sdg{ib skkm rg ktxfjb rdke| fleieru {jbk| sr|kss rglk flik rg xk|ag|n rdk cgnxikt nkrdgbs rd|g{od |kskf|cd fjb r|fejejo*

Sgnk xkgxik f|k ng|k cfin {jbk| rdfr x|kss{|k fjb ikss faakcrkb lu rdk

sr|kss* Rdgsk xkgxik dfqk lkrrk| fleieru rg fccgnxiesd f oeqkj rfsm fjbs{|qeqk* Fjb) rdfr cfinjkss {jbk| x|kss{|k cfj lk ejc|kfskb werd r|fejejo*

X{rrejo kaag|r ej |kskf|cd fjb r|fejejo rg xk|ag|n rg f ikqki fs deod fsr|fejejo renk fjb |ksg{|cks fiigw es f lkrrk| fxx|gfcd rdfj bkaf{irejo rg

wdfr fii fqk|fok xkgxik f|k fss{nkb rg lk flik rg bg* Sgnk xkgxik cfj bg

jgrejo ng|k rdfj sc|kfn fjb |{j wdkj rd|kfrkjkb werd qegikjck) fjb rdfr esjgr f xifj ga fcregj ga wdfr f xk|sgj wdg ejrkjb rg lk s{cckssa{i ej cgnlfr

gxk|fregj cfj bkaf{ir rg* Ea rdk srfjbf|b es ,Fjugjk sdg{ib lk flik rg bgrdes {jbk| sr|kss***, rdkj rdk|k es jg iener rg dgw igw rdfr srfjbf|b cfj

okr*


16/45

6*6*


17/45

6*6*2* [reiepfregj ga x|grkcreqk gl`kcrs*

Rdk|k f|k nfju ruxks ga x|grkcreqk gl`kcrs* Sgnk f|k sxkceaecfiiu bkseojkbfjb xifckb ej igcfregj ag| rdk x{|xgsk ga x|gqebejo x|grkcregj) fjb sgnk

f|k gl`kcrs rdfr f|k jgr bkseojkb ag| rdfr x{|xgsk l{r cfj lk {reiepkb g|nfjex{ifrkb ag| rdfr x{|xgsk* Sgnk ruxks ga lf||ek| gl`kcrs f|k ngleik)

sgnk cfj lk wg|j) fjb sgnk f|k srfregjf|u*

Fj gl`kcr nfu x|gqebk x|grkcregj {jbk| ck|rfej cgjberegjs) l{r jgr ejfjgrdk|* Ag| ktfnxik) ck|rfej lgbu f|ng| nfu x|grkcr fofejsr ngsr xesrgi

ae|kb x|g`kcreiks) l{r jgr fofejsr ng|k xgwk|a{i fnn{jeregj ae|kb a|gngrdk| ruxks ga ae|kf|ns*

Rdk x|grkcregj kaakcr fisg bkxkjbs gj rdk okgnkr|ecfi |kifregjsdex ga rdk

gxk|frg|) rdk gl`kcr) fjb rdk gxxgjkjr* Rdk|k f|k agiigwejo afcrg|s rg

cgjsebk|0

.Nfrk|efi fjb sr|{cr{|k ga f x|grkcreqk gl`kcr*

.Dgw n{cd f|kf ga rdk gxk|frg| es ligcmkb lu rdk gl`kcr a|gn fj frrfcmk|/s

wkfxgj xgejr ga qekw*

.Gxxgjkjrs ae|kf|n ruxk fjb fnn{jeregj ruxk

.Dgw af| rdk gxxgjkjr es a|gn rdk x|grkcreqk gl`kcr

Gxk|frg| jkkbs rg mjgw wdfr mejb ga ae|kf|n fjb fnn{jeregj gxxgjkjr es{sejo ej g|bk| rg mjgw wdfr mejb ga gl`kcr cfj lk {skb rg sdekib gjkskia

fofejsr er* Rdes es jgr fiwfus xgsselik) sg rdk gxk|frg| jkkbs rg lk fwf|kga xkjkr|fregj cfxfleiereks ga ngsr ruxk ga ae|kf|ns fjb fnn{jeregj

cgnlejfregjs rdk gxk|frg| es iemkiu rg kjcg{jrk| ej fbberegj rg mjgwjgxxgjkjr wkfxgjs fjb cgjsebk| gl`kcr rdfr cfj x|gqebk x|grkcregj a|gn rdgsk

fs wdfr rg {sk ag| x|grkcregj* Dgwkqk|) ers fisg jkckssf|u rg dfqk f xifjga fcregj ag| wdkj rdk gxk|frg| bescgqk|s rdfr gxxgjkjrs dfqk ng|k xgwk|a{i

wkfxgjs rdfj fjrecexfrkb*

Besrfjck a|gn gxxgjkjr/s wkfxgj rg gl`kcr {skb ag| x|grkcregj bkrk|nejksdgw n{cd kjk|ou ga rdk l{iikr ae|kb lu rdk gxxgjkjr es igsr lkag|k er

|kfcdks rdk gl`kcr* Fs f l{iikr r|fqkis rd|g{od rdk fe| fjb grdk|

nfrk|efis) er cgjrej{g{siu igsks qkigceru wdecd bkc|kfsks ers mejkreckjk|ou lfskb bksr|{creqk xgwk| {skb ag| xkjkr|fregj* Ea rdk l{iikr fisg

xgsskss bksr|{creqk xgwk| lfskb gj sgnkrdejo grdk| rdfj mejkrec kjk|ou)s{cd fs cdknecfi kjk|ou a|gn ktxigseqk) rdfr wgjr lk faakcrkb*


18/45

.Rk|ns Bkaejkb0

XGKP0 X|glflik Gxxgjkjr Knk|okjck Pgjk* Fj f|kf wdk|k fj gxxgjkjr nfufxxkf| a|gn* Ng|k bkrfeis ej Nfjk{qk|ejo fjs Xgseregjejo Skcregj*

GFP0 Gxxgjkjr Fik|r Pgjk* Fj f|kf wdk|k gxxgjkjr/s frrkjregj nfu lkbe|kcrkb rg ej |ksxgjsk rg gxxgjkjr lkejo fik|rkb rg fj gxk|frg|/sx|kskjck* Ng|k bkrfeis ej Nfjk{qk|ejo fjb Xgseregjejo Skcregj*

6*6*2*6* [reiepejo srfregjf|u gl`kcrs ag| x|grkcregj*

Ea rdk gxk|frg| bgks jgr mjgw wdk|k rdk gxxgjkjr es) rdk gxk|frg| cfjjgr


19/45

mjgw wdk|k rg nfjk{qk| rg ej |kifregj rg f x|grkcreqk gl`kcr* Rdk ebkficfsk wg{ib lk aejbejo f x|grkcreqk gl`kcr wdecd cfj cgqk| rdk gxk|frg| a|gn

fii XGKP) wdecd ej ngsr ser{fregjs es jgr iemkiu rg dfxxkj* Ea rdk|k f|kn{irexik XGKP ej rdk f|kf) fjb ksrenfrkb x|glfleieru ga gxxgjkjr fxxkf|fjck

ga kfcd XGKP es flg{r rdk sfnk) fj gxk|frg| xifcejo gjk skia sg rdfr fx|grkcreqk gl`kcr weii x|gqebk skc{|eru a|gn ngsr ga rdk XGKP nfu lk rdk

lksr cg{|sk ga fcregj*

Ea x|glfleieru ga gxxgjkjr fxxkf|fjck ga ck|rfej XGKP g| o|g{x ga XGKP esdeodk| rdfj rdk grdk|s) rdk gxk|frg| nfu dfqk rg fb`{sr x|eg|eru ga XGKP

rdk gxk|frg| wfjr rg lk x|grkcrkb a|gn fccg|bejoiu* Dgwkqk| a|gn rdk sfakruga rdk x|grkcreqk gl`kcr a|gn deod x|eg|eru XGKP) rdk gxk|frg| weii dfqk

rg fisg wfrcd rdgsk XGKP rdfr rdk x|grkcreqk gl`kcr es jgr cgqk|ejo*

Dgwkqk|) gxk|frg|s wg{ib jkkb rg mkkx f ck|rfej besrfjck fwfu a|gn rdk

x|grkcregj gl`kcr* Gjk |kfsgj es lkcf{sk ga ejbeqeb{fi sxfck jkkbkb ag| fjgxk|frg| rg ktkc{rk ksskjrefi a{jcregjs s{cd fs o{jjk|u x|gckss g|

nfejrfejejo f |kfbu xgsr{|k* Ea fj gxk|frg| dfs gjk/s rg|sg ej cgjrfcr werdf wfii ej a|gjr ga rdk gxk|frg|) rdk|k wg{ib iemkiu lk f x|glikn werd rdkgxk|frg| okrrejo rdk o{j ej ae|ejo xgseregj*

Fjgrdk| |kfsgj es rdk |kifrkb rg rdk kaakcr ga ejcgnejo |g{jbs ae|kb lu

gxxgjkjrs* Ea f l{iikr ogks rd|g{od rdk gl`kcr) er sreii nfu cf{sk fbkaikcregj ej rdk l{iikr/s aieodr xfrd* Rdk bkaikcregj nfu lk if|ok kjg{od

rg ness rdk gxk|frg| ea rdk gxk|frg| mkxr ck|rfej besrfjck fwfu a|gn rdkgl`kcr fjb mkxr rdk gxk|frg|/s ktxgs{|k lkdejb rdk gl`kcr rg f nejen{n*

Sfnk fxxieks wdkj f l{iikr es bkaikcrkb lu f x|grkcregj gl`kcr* Er es{s{fiiu rdk kbok ga f x|grkcreqk gl`kcr rdfr rdk gxk|frg| {reiepk ag|

x|grkcregj wdeik sdggrejo fr gxxgjkjrs) fjb rdk kbok gj f x|grkcreqk gl`kcrnfu lk |kifreqkiu wkfmk| cgnxf|kb rg grdk| xf|r ga rdk gl`kcr* Jkf| rdfr

kbok rdk gxk|frg| es ktxgskb a|gn weii lk sdgr fr rdk ngsr* Sfnk fxxieks rgfju skcgjbf|u x|g`kcreiks c|kfrkb lu ejcgnejo |g{jbs derrejo rdk x|grkcreqk

gl`kcr*

Ej g|bk| rg dfqk renk rg |kfcr rg fj knk|oejo gxxgjkjr) rdk gxk|frg| jkkbsrg mkkx besrfjck a|gn xgrkjrefi bfjok| f|kf) s{cd fs XGKP* Dgwkqk|) fj

gl`kcr rdfr cfj lk {reiepkb rg sdekib fj gxk|frg| nfu jgr gjiu cgqk| rdkgxk|frg| a|gn rdk gxxgjkjrs xgejr ga qekw) l{r er cfj fisg debk fj

gxxgjkjr lkdejb er fr rdk sfnk renk* Sg) ea fj gxk|frg| es {sejo fj gl`kcr

fs f sdekibejo) s{cd fs {sejo f cg|jk| ga f wfii ag| cgqk|) rdk gxk|frg|jkkbs rg mkkx sgnk besrfjck a|gn wdfr nfu fxxkf| lkdejb rdk gl`kcr) fjb fr

rdk sfnk renk lk cigsk kjg{od rg rdk gl`kcr rg {sk rdk gl`kcr fs fsdekibejo* Rdes es f |kv{e|knkjr rdfr cgjr|fbecrs gjk fjgrdk|* Sg) rdk

ktfcr besrfjck a|gn rdk gl`kcr dfs rg lk bkcebkb lu fsskssejo rdk |esms fjb

lkjkaers ejqgiqkb werd lkejo cigsk| g| lkejo af|rdk|* Cgjsebk|ejo gxxgjkjrswerd wkfxgjs rdfr f|k jgr bkseojkb rg lk {skb fr f besrfjck) s{cd fs li{jr

ag|ck g| kbokb wkfxgjs) rdk gxk|frg| wg{ib x|kak| rg dfqk f besrfjck rdfrweii oeqk rdk gxk|frg| kjg{od renk rg |ksxgjb lkag|k rdk knk|okb gxxgjkjr


20/45

cfj fbqfjck rg rdk gxk|frg| fjb nfmk xdusecfi cgjrfcr* Ng|k besrfjck weiilk lkrrk|*

Rdk x|glikn es wdkj gxxgjkjrs dfqk ae|kf|ns* Ea lgrd xf|reks f|k {sejo rdk

sfnk gl`kcr lkrwkkj rdkn fs f cgqk|) rdk gl`kcr nfu x|gqebk lkrrk| cgqk|ag| rdk xf|ru rdfr es cigsk| rg er) ea grdk| okgnkr|ecfi |kifregjsdex rg

rdfr gl`kcr es rdk sunnkr|ecfi* Sg) rdk besrfjck rg gl`kcr {skb ag|x|grkcregj jkkb rg lk cigsk fs xgsselik ag| cg{jrk|ejo gxxgjkjrs werd

ae|kf|ns werd sgnk besrfjck mkxr rdfr wg{ib fiigw gxk|frg| |ggn rg xk|ag|njkckssf|u rfsms fjb renk rg |kfcr rg fju gxxgjkjrs werd cgjrfcr wkfxgj

rdfr nfu knk|ok a|gn lkdejb rdk gl`kcr*

.Ngnkjrf|u ktxgs{|k rkcdjev{k0

Ea glsk|qfregj es jkkbkb) er es lkrrk| ea er cfj lk bgjk werd x|grkcregja|gn f sdekibejo gl`kcr* Dgwkqk|) glsk|qfregj g| o{jjk|u x|gckss nfu

|kv{e|k ktxgs{|k a|gn rdk sdekibejo* Rdk gxk|frg| cfj cdggsk rg ktxgsk gjiu

rdk jkckssf|u xg|regj ga rdk lgbu ag| f l|eka xk|egb ag| rdk glsk|qfregj)lkejo |kfbu rg x{ii er lfcm v{ecmiu lkdejb sdekibejo gl`kcrs* Rdes {reiepksrdk |ksxgjsk ifo) rdk renk er rfmks ag| gxxgjkjrs xgsseliu x|kskjr rg

xk|ckeqk rdk gxk|frg| fjb |kfcr rg er* Ktfnxiks ga ser{fregjs wdk|k rdesrkcdjev{k nfu lk |kv{e|kb f|k wdkj fj gxk|frg| dfs rg lk ktxgskb ejrg GFP

g| gxxgjkjrs/ qekw ej g|bk| rg glsk|qk fj f|kf) g| wdkj fj gxk|frg| esktxgsejo gjkskia a|gn x|grkcrkb f|kf rg {jktfnejkb f|kf rdfr es sg

be|kcregjfiiu besxk|skb rdfr gxk|frg| wg{ib lk ktxgsejo gjkskia rg xf|r gardfr {jktfnejkb f|kf rdfr rdk gxk|frg| beb jgr skk*


21/45

.Rkcdjecfi cgjck|js) sebk ga wkfxgj ng{jr0

_dkj {reiepejo srfregjf|u gl`kcrs ag| x|grkcregj) s{cd fs cg|jk| ga f wfii)

wdeik frrfcmejo fj gxxgjkjr g| ktfnejejo fj f|kf) rdk gxk|frg| nfu jkkb rgktxgsk f xf|r ga gjks lgbu fjb rdk wkfxgj lkugjb rdk sebk kbok ga rdk

gl`kcr {skb ag| x|grkcregj* Kaaecekjcu ga rdk {sk ga x|grkcreqk gl`kcrsnfu lk ikss werd rdk wkfxgj xgseregjkb gj rdk sebk ga rdk gxk|frg|s lgbu

rdfr es gxxgserk ga rdk sebk wdk|k rdk kbok es gj rdk sdekibejo gl`kcr*Ag| ktfnxik) fj gxk|frg| nfu dfqk ng|k beaaec{iru {reiepejo f cg|jk| gj rdk

ikar sebk ga f wfii wdkj f igjo o{j es xgseregjkb werd rdk srgcm cgjrfcrejordk gxk|frg|s |eodr sebk sdg{ibk|*

Rdk lksr wfu rg nftenepk rdk {sk ga rdk cg|jk| es rg nfrcd rdk sebk rdkwkfxgj es ng{jrkb rg rdk sebk rdk cg|jk| es gj) l{r rdfr nfu |kv{e|k

swercdejo rdk sebk rdk wkfxgj es xgseregjkb* Rdk|k f|k f|o{nkjrs fofejsrswercdejo rdk sebk wkfxgj es ng{jrkb gj) ej g|bk| rg nftenepk {reiepfregjga sdekibejo) wdkj rdgsk rwg sebks bg jgr nfrcd) wdecd es0

f% Gxk|frg| nfu lkcgnk q{ijk|flik wdeik rdk swercd es lkejo ktkc{rkb*

l% Gxk|frg| es ikss fcc{|frk wdeik sdggrejo werd rdk wkfxgj ng{jrkb gj rdk

sebk rdk gxk|frg| es ikss fcc{srgnkb rg*

Rdk ae|sr gjk es f qfieb f|o{nkjr* L{r) rdk|k es fj knk|okjcu r|fjseregjrkcdjev{k rdfr cfj |kb{ck rdk |esm* Fjb) rdk |esm ga jgr swercdejo dfs f

|esm ga jgr lkejo flik rg x|gxk|iu {reiepk x|grkcregj gaak|kb lu rdkkjqe|gjnkjr fj gxk|frg| es ej fjb rdk |esm ga jgr lkejo flik rg x|gxk|iu

xgejr f o{j fr f rf|okr fr fii ej ck|rfej ce|c{nsrfjcks*

Rdk skcgjb f|o{nkjr ejqfieb* Ej g|bk| {reiepk rdk cg|jk| ga f x|grkcreqkgl`kcr werd f wkfxgj gj rdk sebk ga rdk lgbu rdfr es gxxgserk rg rdk sebk

rdk cg|jk|) rdk gxk|frg| dfs rg {sk f rkcdjev{k rdfr |kv{e|ks fwmwf|bxgseregjejo ga rdk wkfxgj) g| ag|n f qk|u fwmwf|b xgsr{|k* Ej wg|sk cfsk)

gxk|frg| ej rdfr ser{fregj ejsesrejo gj jgr cdfjoejo wkfxgj xgseregjejo rgnftenepk x|grkcregj wg{ib jgr lk okrrejo fju x|grkcregj fr fii*

Bkxkjbejo gj rdk ser{fregj) sdggrejo fcc{|fcu werd rdk fwmwf|b rkcdjev{knfu jgr lk fju lkrrk| rdfj sdggrejo werd rdk wkfxgj xgseregjkb gj rdk sebk

rdk gxk|frg| {s{fiiu bgks jgr xgseregj rdk wkfxgj* Fisg) gxk|frg| sdg{ibr|fej rg sdggr werd f wkfxgj xgseregjkb gj kerdk| ikar g| |eodr sebk ag|

qf|eg{s |kfsgjs) firdg{od er nfu jgr lk jkckssf|u ag| rdk smeii sdggrejo

a|gn kerdk| sebk lk kv{fi* Xesrgis cfj lk |krfejkb gj dfjb ga rdk sfnk sebkwerd ng|k kfsk lkcf{sk er es jgr |kv{e|ks rg lk aetkb gj gjk sebk ga rdk

sdg{ibk|) fjb cfj lk fenkb werd kerdk| kuk*


22/45

Fjfiuses ga gl`kcr rg lk {reiepkb ag| x|grkcregj0

Ngsr gl`kcrs garkj fqfeiflik ej kjqe|gjnkjr rg lk {reiepkb ag| x|grkcregj

bg jgr dfqk senxik sgieb sr|{cr{|k* Sgnk xf|r ga er weii lk cgjsr|{crkb ganfrk|efis werd jgr kjg{od bkjseru g| rdecmjkss ag| x|grkcregj) fjb er nfu

fisg dfqk nfrk|efis rdfr f|k x|kskjrs xgrkjrefi dfpf|b rg gxk|frg|s*Rdecmjkss ga rdk nfrk|efi |kof|bejo x|grkcregj a|gn o{j ae|k wg{ib lk

fssksskb lu rdk ikjord f l{iikr dfs rg r|fqki rd|g{od rdk nfrk|efi ej g|bk|rg |kfcd rdk rf|okr) ae|kb a|gn f oeqkj be|kcregj) sg er weii cdfjok

fccg|bejo rg wdfr be|kcregj rdk l{iikr wfs ae|kb a|gn ejrg rdk gl`kcr rdfrcgjsesrs ga rdk nfrk|efi*

Dgw f oeqkj gl`kcr es rg lk {reiepkb weii lk bkcebkb werd fii rdk flgqkxgejrs ej cgjsebk|fregj* Ag| ktfnxik0 F qkdecik dfs xf|rs rdfr l{iikrs cfj

kfseiu xkjkr|frk fjb xf|rs rdfr ngsr xesrgi fjb |eaik l{iikrs wg{ib jgr lkflik rg xkjkr|frk* Ngsr qkdecik fisg dfqk f igr ga oifss xf|rs wdecd wg{ibc|kfrk f if|ok qgi{nk ga skcgjbf|u x|g`kcreiks wdkj der lu f l{iikr) fjb

fjugjk ej rdk rdk qgi{nk ga f|kf s{cd skcgjbf|u x|g`kcreiks wg{ib cgqk| cfjlk df|nkb lu er* Ofs rfjm cgjrfejs a{ki fjb ofs qfxg| aeiikb fe| rdfr es

aifnnflik* Sg) f qkdecik sdg{ib lk {reiepkb ej f wfu rdfr rdk xf|r werds{aaecekjr bkjseru fjb rdecmjkss wg{ib lk xgseregjkb lkrwkkj fj gxk|frg|

fjb gxxgjkjrs) l{r f|kfs wdk|k skcgjbf|u x|g`kcreiks wg{ib lk f rd|kfr jkkbrg lk fqgebkb*

Fjgrdk| x|glikn rg cgjsebk| es f nfrk|efi rdfr x|gqebks x|grkcregj lkejo

{reiepkb cgqk|kb lu nfrk|efi rdfr wg{ib jgr x|gqebk x|grkcregj wdkjgxk|frg|s f|k {sejo ngnkjrf|u ktxgs{|k rkcdjev{k g| ktxgsejo rdknskiqks ag|

f ck|rfej b{|fregj rg glsk|qk g| frrfcm gxxgjkjrs* Rdk ktr|f rdecmjkss gardk nfrk|efi rdfr bgks jgr x|gqebk x|grkcregj |kv{e|ks fbberegjfi ktxgs{|k)

cg||ksxgjbejo rg rdk rdecmjkss ga rdk jgj.x|grkcreqk nfrk|efi) ga rdkgxk|frg|s) ej g|bk| ag| rdkn rg glsk|qk g| frrfcm gxxgjkjrs* Rdfr fisg nkfj

fbberegjfi ngqknkjr besrfjck wdkj {sejo ngnkjrf|u ktxgs{|k rkcdjev{k*


23/45

X|gxk| wfu rg {reiepk f oeqkj gl`kcr fccg|bejo rg s{cd fjfiuses cfj garkj

lk beaak|kjr a|gn dgw xkgxik werd ikss mjgwikbok enfoejks dgw er sdg{ib lk

bgjk* \kak| rg Qgi{nk 3 ,Rdk Rfcrecfi C|erec, skcregj ag| ng|kbkrfeis*

Ngleik'xg|rflik gl`kcrs ag| x|grkcregj0

Ck|rfej gl`kcrs rdfr cfj x|gqebk x|grkcregj nfu lk xg|rflik* [sejo rdkn ag|

x|grkcregj b{|ejo nfjk{qk| g| ag|reauejo xgseregj rg enx|gqk x|grkcregj ejfj f|kf cfj lk fj gxregj* Dgwkqk|) |esm fssgcefrkb werd kaag|r |kv{e|kb rg

ngqk s{cd gl`kcrs sdg{ib fisg lk cgjsebk|kb*

6*6*2*


24/45

Ag| |kfsgjs rdfr weii lk ktxifejkb ej Qgi{nk 6 Kv{exnkjrs skcregj) f|ng|werd ikfsr weodr fjb l{im sdg{ib lk skikcrkb fs igjo fs er x|gqebks

jkckssf|u a{jcregj fjb x|grkcregj* Gjk x|glikn werd lgbu f|ng| skikcregj esrdfr deodk| rdk ikqki ga x|grkcregj er x|gqebks {s{fiiu rdk dkfqek| fjb

l{imek| er es* Rdk|k es f iener rg dgw n{cd wkeodr f d{nfj cfj lkf| fjbrdk|k es ng|k iener wdkj rdk xk|sgj lkf|ejo rdk wkeodr dfs rg x|kag|n

xdusecfi gxk|fregjs* Ejc|kfskb wkeodr fjb l{im wg{ib igwk| ngleieru fjbejc|kfsk afreo{k* Fisg) rdk l{im nfu |ksr|ecr ngqknkjr |fjok ga fj

gxk|frg|/s lgbu* Fii rdfr es f |esm*

\gik xgiecu0

Fjgrdk| fsxkcr ga lgbu f|ng| {sk rg cgjsebk| es rg bkaejk wdfr rfcrecfi|gik er dfs* Rfcrecs fjb ruxk ga lgbu f|ng| rdfr es bkse|flik cdfjok

fccg|bejo rg wdfr mejb ga |gik rdk {sk| cgjsebk|s f lgbu f|ng| dfs* Rdk|kf|k agiigwejo beaak|kjr fxx|gfcdks0

. Rg cgjsebk| er fs f afeisfak ifuk| ga x|grkcregj wdkj fii grdk| nkfjs rgx|grkcr rdk gxk|frg| a|gn o{j ae|k) nfjk{qk| fjb xgseregjejo) o{jjk|u gj

gxxgjkjr) {reiepfregj ga grdk| gl`kcrs rdfr x|gqebks sdekibejo) krc*) dfsafeikb*

. Rg cgjsebk| er fs f x|grkcregj rdfr sdg{ib lk ejrkjregjfiiu {reiepkb rg

oeqk gxk|frg|s fj gxregj rg ktxgsk rdknskiqks rg o{j ae|k*

Ea ae|sr fxx|gfcd es rfmkj) rdk|k es jg seojeaecfjr cdfjok ej wdfrgxk|frg|s bg rg cgjb{cr gxk|fregjs ktckxr rdfr gxk|frg|s dfqk fbbkb

x|grkcregj wdkj wdkj gxk|frg|s {jktxkcrkbiu |kckeqk o{j ae|k ej xf|r ga rdklgbu rdfr es x|grkcrkb lu rdk f|ng|* Fss{nejo x|gxk| nkfs{|ks f|k rfmkj rg

x|gxk|iu nfjfok xgsselik afreo{k fjb |ksr|ecregj ga ngqknkjr |fjok lu lgbuf|ng|) krc*) rdes fxx|gfcd seojeaecfjriu ejc|kfsks lkjkaer fr rdk cgsr ga

jkoieoelik |esm*

Rdk skcgjb fxx|gfcd es rfmkj ngsriu wdkj gxk|frg|s ejrkjbs rg kjrk| f|kfswdk|k rdku cfjjgr fqgeb lkejo ktxgskb rg gxxgjkjrs/ frrfcm) {s{fiiu lkcf{sk

sgnkrdejo flg{r rdke| gl`kcreqk |kv{e|ks er* Ag| ktfnxik) sgnk gxk|frg|s ej

ck|rfej xgseregj nfu kjrk| f|ks rdfr weii ktxgsk rdkn rg gxxgjkjrs/ frrfcmej g|bk| rg v{ecmiu |kfcd f |ggn cgjrfejejo f dgsrfok rg oeqk rdk dgsrfok

rfmk| nejen{n gxxg|r{jeru rg df|n rdk dgsrfok* Sgibek|s nfu lk ktxkcrkb lurdke| g|ofjepfregj rg kjrk| f |ggn) gcc{xekb lu fik|r fjb |kfbu gxxgjkjrs)

ej g|bk| rg cikf| rdfr |ggn*

Jg nfrrk| dgw n{cd f|ng| x|grkcregj fj gxk|frg| dfs) fju ktxgs{|k es fj

{jwfjrkb |esm* Lgbu f|ng| {s{fiiu bgks jgr cgqk| fii xf|r ga rdk wkf|k|/slgbu rdfr wg{ib |ks{ir ej sk|eg{s ej`{|u g| bkfrd ea er es der lu o{j ae|k*


25/45

Rdfr nfmks er qk|u |esmu rg {sk rdk skcgjb fxx|gfcd* Fjb) rdfr es fisg rdk|kfsgj wdu wdkj s{cd fxx|gfcd es rfmkj) gxk|frg|s wg{ib cdggsk rg rfmk

fbberegjfi nkfs{|ks rg igwk| rdk gxxgjkjrs/ x|glfleieru ga s{cckssa{i|ksxgjsk wdkj rdku f|k ktxgskb) s{cd fs {sk ga besr|fcregj bkqeck) krc*)

wdkj oeqkj rdk gxregj* L{r) er es {s{fiiu {jck|rfej ea rdgsk nkfs{|ksejci{bejo lgbu f|ng| erskia wg{ib lk kaakcreqk* Ag| rdgsk |kfsgjs) rdk

fxx|gfcd es {s{fiiu jgr fcckxrflik {jikss rdk|k es fj gxk|fregjfi gl`kcreqkfj gxk|frg| es weiiejo rg |esm bkfrd ag|*

_dkj rdk skcgjb fxx|gfcd es rfmkj) garkj dkfqek| f|ng| rdfr cgqk|s ng|k

f|kf cgnxf|kb rg lgbu f|ng|s {skb ej cgjjkcregj werd rdk grdk| fxx|gfcd f|k{skb* X|kak|fliu) rdfr es werd rdk fss{nxregj rdfr b{|fregj ga gxk|fregjs

weii lk sdg|r) l{r gxk|fregjs nfu rfmk igjok| renk rdfj ktxkcrkb*

Fs f srfjbf|b) rdk aesr fxx|gfcd rdfr cgjsebk| lgbu f|ng| fs afeisfak ifuk|

wdkj fii grdk| x|grkcregj nkfs{|ks afeikb sdg{ib lk rfmkj* Fjb) rdk|ksdg{ib lk jg fss{nxregj ej rfcrecs g| xifjjejo rdfr lgbu f|ng|s oeqk

gxk|frg|s fleieru rg bg sgnkrdejo rdfr rdku wk|k jgr cfxflik ga werdg{r rdklgbu f|ng|s*

Dgwkqk|) ea gxk|frg|s ejqgi{jrf|eiu ogr ej ser{fregj wdk|k ktxgs{|k rggxxgjkjrs/ frrfcm dfs fi|kfbu gcc{||kb g| cfjjgr lk fqgebkb) cgjsebk|fregj

sdg{ib lk oeqkj rg dgw rg nftenepk rdk kaakcr ga lgbu f|ng| wg|j*

Ej sgnk ce|ciks) xkgxik wg{ib fbqgcfrk rfmejo xgsr{|k rg nfmk xf|r ga rdklgbu f|ng| cgqk|ejo rdk a|gjr rg|sg ej f nfjjk| rdfr rdk iejk a|gn gxk|frg|

rg gxxgjkjr sdggrejo fr rdk gxk|frg| wg{ib lk xk|xkjbec{if| rg rdk f|ng|*Rdk f|o{nkjr ej s{xxg|r ga rdk nkfs{|k es rdfr x|kskjrejo nften{n s{|afck

cgqk|kb lu rdk f|ng| rg rdk gxxgjkjr rdk gxk|frg| es ktxgskb rg x|gqebksnften{n x|grkcregj*

Dgwkqk|) rdk kaakcr fjb rdk |esm s{cd nkfs{|k dfs jkkbs rg lk ktfnejkb*

Ae|sr) cdfjoejo xgsr{|k rg xifck f|ng| ej ck|rfej be|kcregj nfu x|kqkjr rdkgxk|frg| a|gn ag|nejo f sdggrejo xifrag|n ngsr s{erkb ag| nften{n o{jjk|u

kaaecekjcu* Ea rdk rg|sg es xgseregjkb sg rdfr ers a|gjr weii lk be|kcriuxgejrkb fr fj gxxgjkjr) er weii |kv{e|k rdk gxk|frg| fenejo f |eaik fr rdk

gxxgjkjr rg sr|feodrkj rdk s{xxg|r f|n ng|k rg dgib f sfnk sxgr gj rdk|eaik cgnxf|kb rg wdkj rdk rg|sg es fj fj gliev{k fjoik rg rdk gxxgjkjr

wdecd wg{ib nfmk rdk s{xxg|r f|n sebk sdg{ibk| cigsk| rg wdk|k rdk s{xxg|r

dfjb dgibs f |eaik* Rdfr nfu |ks{ir ej dejbk|ejo rdk sdggrk| a|gn okrrejokaaecekjr sdggrejo xifrag|n) bkxkjbejo gj rdk ruxk ga sdggrk| fjb wkfxgj*

Firdg{od rdk enxfcr wg{ib jgr lk fs o|kfr ej cfsk ga {sejo xesrgi) s{cdnkrdgb sreii cfj x|kqkjr fj gxk|frg| a|gn ag|nejo f sdggrejo xifrag|n rdk

gxk|frg| es ngsr kaaecekjr werd*

Fisg) rdk a|gjr sebk ga rg|sg rdfr dfs nften{n f|ng| cgqk|fok afcejo f

be|kcregj gliev{k rg rdk gxk|frg| rg gxxgjkjr iejk nfu lk lkjkaecefibkxkjbejo gj rdk ce|c{nsrfjcks) ksxkcefiiu wdkj gxk|frg| es {reiepejo


26/45

gl`kcrs rdfr x|gqebks x|grkcregj rdfr gjiu nfmks xf|r ga rdk gxk|frg|ktxgskb*

Lgbu f|ng| bgks jgr srgx fj gxxgjkjr a|gn frrfcmejo fj ktxgskb gxk|frg|

wkf|ejo er* Gjiu) ejcfxfcerfregj ga rdk gxxgjkjr wg{ib* Sg) bkc|kfsejokaaecekjcu ga ejcfxfcerfrejo gxxgjkjr ej g|bk| rg nftenepk lgbu f|ng|

cgqk|fok es f seojeaecfjr ejc|kfsk ej |esm rdfr jkkbs rg lk cgnxf|kbcf|ka{iiu rg wdfr lkjkaers er wg{ib l|ejo* Dgwkqk|) ea rdk fb`{srnkjr ej

sdggrejo xgsr{|k cfj lk bgjk rg nftenepk f|ng| cgqk|fok werd jg seojeaecfjrenxfcr ej o{jjk|u kaaecekjcu) s{cd fs wdkj fj gxxgjkjr rdk gxk|frg| es

ktxgskb rg es qk|u cigsk) rdkj er nfu lk wg|rd bgejo sg* Iemk fjurdejokisk) ser{fregj cdfjoks fccg|bejo rg |esm rg lkjkaer fjfiuses*


27/45


28/45


29/45

6*6*;* Seojfr{|k Cgjr|gi*

Rdes weii ngsriu ejqgiqk nejenepejo fju seojfr{|k rdfr weii oeqk {ska{iejag|nfregj rg gxxgjkjrs wdeik r|uejo rg bkrkcr gxxgjkjrs/ seojfr{|ks fs

n{cd fs xgsselik* Ktfnxiks ga seojfr{|ks f|k fs agiigws0

.Qes{fi fxxkf|fjck.F{beg

.\fbeg cgnn{jecfregj seojfis

.Eja|f \kb

.Dkfr

\kb{cejo bkrkcrflik seojfr{|k es {s{fiiu bgjk lu {reiepfregj ga cgjckfinkjrg| igwk|ejo rdk fng{jr ga seojfr{|k erskia knerrkb a|gn rdk gxk|frg|*

Cgjckfinkjr cfj lk fjurdejo rdfr dejbk|s rdk gxxgjkjr/s fleieru rg bkrkcr

rdk gxk|frg|/s seojfr{|k* Ngsr a|kv{kjriu {reiepkb ruxk es qes{ficgjckfinkjr) fjb rdk wg|b {s{fiiu |kak|s rg rdfr gjk* Sejck rdk|k f|k wfus

grdk| rdfj kuks ag| f d{nfj rg bkrkcr seojfr{|ks) nkfs{|ks fofejsr f{beg)x|kss{|k) g| rknxk|fr{|k skjsg|s cfj fisg lk cgjckfinkjr* Sg) cgjckfinkjrwg|m ej gjk ga rwg wfus0 Ligcmejo g| |kb{cejo f seojfi a|gn okrrejo rg rdk

gxxgjkjr/s skjsg|s) g| ejrk|ak|ejo g| sfr{|frejo rdk gxxgjkjr/s skjsg| werdjgesk seojfis*

Gjk ga rdk rdejos rdfr sdg{ib lk cgjsebk|kb wdeik {reiepejo cgjckfinkjr es

rdfr gjck fj gxk|frg|/s xgseregj es bescgqk|kb gxxgjkjrs cfj frrfcm rdkgxk|frg|/s s{sxkcrkb xgseregj kqkj ea rdk gxxgjkjrs cfjjgr be|kcriu glsk|qk

rdk gxk|frg|* Gxk|frg|s nfu dfqk rg ngqk rg xgseregj wdk|k rdk|k esx|grkcregj g| ngqk s{aaecekjr besrfjck rg nfmk gxxgjkjr df|b rg ksrenfrk

rdk gxk|frg|s jkw igcfregj rg fqgeb s{cd frrfcm*

Seojfr{|k cgjr|gi fisg nkfjs |kqkfiejo rdfr ga rdk gxxgjkjr* Nkrdgbsejqgiqk |kb{cejo jgesk rg lkrrk| bkrkcr f{beg qes{fi seojfr{|k ga gxxgjkjrs

fjb knxigunkjr ga kv{exnkjrs rg bkrkcr seojfr{|ks jgr bkrkcrflik lu d{nfjskjsks g| c|kfrejo f cgjberegj rdfr nfmks gxxgjkjr/s seojfr{|k bkrkcrflik

lu d{nfj skjsks*

6*6*;*6* Qes{fi seojfr{|k*

Gxrecfi Lf||ek|0

Fj gxfv{k gl`kcr cfj ligcm rdk gxxgjkjr/s qekw) cgjckfiejo rdk gxk|frg|*

Rdes es rdk ruxk rdfr es ngsr |kak||kb rg*

Xf|refi gxrecfi lf||ek|0


30/45

Sgnk gl`kcrs dfqk sxfcks rdfr fiigw sgnk ieodr rg og rd|g{od wdecd weii|ks{ir ej jgr cgnxikrkiu ligcmejo rdk qekw ga fj gl`kcr lkdejb er*

Bkxkjbejo gj rdk okgnkr|ecfi |kifregjsdex lkrwkkj f xf|reks ejqgiqkb fjbrdk gl`kcr) gjk xf|ru nfu kfseiu bkrkcr fjgrdk| xf|ru lu skkejo rd|g{od rdk

gxkjejo ga rdfr gl`kcr wdkj rdfr gl`kcr es dejbk|ejo rdk grdk| xf|ru/sfleieru rg bkrkcr rdk xf|ru rdfr cfj kfseiu glsk|qk rdfr xf|ru* Gjk ktfnxik

ga gl`kcr rdfr cfj lk f xf|refi gxrecfi lf||ek| es qkokrfregj* F xk|sgjsrfjbejo lu f xifjr nfu lk flik rg skk rd|g{od rdk gxkj sxfck ej rdk sxfck

rdk xifjr lgbu gcc{xeks rg skk fj gxxgjkjr) l{r rdk x|glfleieru ga ag| rdkgxxgjkjr srfjbejo af|rdk| a|gn rdk gl`kcr rg bg rdk sfnk rg bkrkcr rdk

xk|sgj nfu lk igw*

Rdes ruxk ga gl`kcr x|kskjrs f x|glikn rdfr wdkjkqk| s{cd gl`kcr esx|kskjr) rdk xk|sgj wdg es ktxgskb rg rdfr gl`kcr es xgrkjrefiiu ktxgskb rg

fju gxxgjkjr rdfr nfu lk cgjckfikb lu rdfr gl`kcr* Rdes igwk|s rdk fcc{|fcu

ga gxk|frg|s |esm fsskssnkjr wdkj fjfiupejo kjqe|gjnkjr ag| nfjk{qk| g|xgseregjejo) krc* Ag| ktfnxik0 Gxk|fregjs ej weibk|jkss wdk|k rdk|k f|k igr

ga xifjrs rd|g{odg{r rdk f|kf* Kqkj ea gjiu gjk gxxgjkjr es glsk|qkb) fjuxifjr ej rdk f|kf cfj lk cgjckfiejo fj gxxgjkjr wdg cfj ennkbefrkiu frrfcmrdk glsk|qejo gxk|frg| fs sggj fs rdk gxk|frg| ktxgsk gjkskia lu sdggrejo

rdk glsk|qkb gxxgjkjr* Rdes l|ejos o|kfr fnleo{eru ag| nfmejo rd|kfrfsskssnkjr*

Cgig| fjb cgjr|fsr0

Igwk| rdk ieodr ikqki wdk|k fj gxk|frg| es) df|bk| ag| fj gxxgjkjr rgbkrkcr* Rdk xk|sgj wdg es skkmejo cgjckfinkjr bg jgr dfqk rg lk ej rgrfi

bf|mjkss ag| er rg wg|m* Ea rdk |kifreqk fnlekjr l|eodrjkss ga rdks{||g{jbejo f|kf es l|eodrk| rdfj rdk gxk|frg|/s igcfregj werd kjg{od

beaak|kjck rg seojeaecfjriu gqk|xgwk| rdk ieodr seojfr{|k ga rdk gxk|frg|)er cfj sreii wg|m* Kqkj ea fj gxk|frg|/s ieodr seojfr{|k es bkrkcrkb)

gxxgjkjrs sreii dfqk f x|glikn ga |kcgojeregj* Rdfr nkfjs kqkj ea fjglsk|qk| bkrkcrs fj gl`kcr) er es df|bk| ag| rdk glsk|qk| rg bkcebk wdfr rg

bg flg{r er ea rdk glsk|qk| cfjjgr ebkjreau wdfr er es* Cigrdejo fjbkv{exnkjr cgig|kb werd seneif| cgig| rg rdk lfcmo|g{jb es df|bk| rg

ebkjreau* Ea rdk g{riejk fjb grdk| sdfxk akfr{|k es df|bk| rg besrejo{esd

a|gn rdk lfcmo|g{jb) er es fisg df|bk| ag| fj glsk|qk| rg |kcgojepk*

Rdk x|glikn werd skikcrejo kv{exnkjr cgig| rg nejenepk bkrkcregj es rdfr fcgig| fjb ers xfrrk|j rdfr likjbs wkii werd f s{||g{jbejo cdfjoks a|gn f|kf

rg f|kf fjb kqkj fccg|bejo rg renk fjb ieodr cgjberegjs* Rdk|k f|k n{irexik

x|glikns fjb nkrdgbs rg nfjfok rdfr x|glikns) fjb ikr/s ktfnejk f akw*

Gjk fxx|gfcd rg skikcrejo f cgig| fjb rktr{|k seneif| rg n{irexikkjqe|gjnkjrfi lfcmo|g{jb es rg okr f cgig| fjb rktr{|k rdfr |kx|kskjrs f


31/45

nkbefj fqk|fok ga rdk cgig| fjb rktr{|k ga fii ktxkcrkb gxk|fregj f|kf*Rdes fxx|gfcd es cgnngjiu {skb ag| nfju neierf|u g|ofjepfregjs rdfr dfs f

qk|u webk |fjok ga gxk|fregj f|kf rg cgqk|* Dgwkqk|) rdes nkrdgb dfs fx|glikn rdfr rdk nkbefj rdk fqk|fok cgig| fjb rktr{|k bgks jgr xf|rec{if|iu

likjb ej wkii werd fju xf|rec{if| kjqe|gjnkjr ea rdfr ga rdk kjqe|gjnkjrbeaak|s o|kfriu a|gn gjk rg fjgrdk|* Dgwkqk|) er es iemkiu rg likjb ej wkii

cgnxf|kb rg f cgig| fjb rktr{|k rdfr es bkqkigxkb ag| gjk xf|rec{if|kjqe|gjnkjr {skb ej fj kjqe|gjnkjr rdfr es beaak|kjr a|gn rdk kjqe|gjnkjr

er wfs bkseojkb ag|*

Fjgrdk| fxx|gfcd es rg {sk bf|mk| cgig| rg dkix likjb ej lkdejb f l|eodrk|gl`kcr fjb frr|fcr ikss frrkjregj* Fju cgig| rdfr bgks jgr cgnngjiu ktesr

ej rdk lfcmo|g{jb sdg{ib lk fqgebkb* Cgig|s rdfr dfs f rkjbkjcu rg frr|fcrfrrkjregj sdg{ib fisg lk fqgebkb) {jikss er es jkckssf|u rg nfmk fj

gxk|frg| ikss besrejo{esdflik*

Ea fj glsk|qk| dfs gl`kcrs ej ag|ko|g{jb fjb fj gxk|frg| ngqejo ej rdk

lfcmo|g{jb ej f|kf) gxk|frg| fxxkf|ejo ikss l|eodrk| rdk ag|ko|g{jb gl`kcrswg{ib iemkiu iksskj rdk x|glfleieru ga rdk gxk|frg| lkejo bkrkcrkb*Dgwkqk|) ea rdk gxk|frg| werd bf|m cgig| kv{exnkjr okrs ejrg f l|eodr f|kf)

rdk bf|m cgig| wg{ib dfqk lkrrk| cgjr|fsr fofejsr rdk lfcmo|g{jb) nfmejordk gxk|frg| ng|k bkrkcrflik* Rdk |kfsgj wdu bf|mk| cgig| cgnxf|kb rg

nkbefj fqk|fok cgig| nfu lk bkse|flik) kqkj werd rdfr |esm) es lkcf{sk rdfr|esm cfj lk cgjr|giikb fjb rdk|k nfu lk f o|kfr lkjkaer lkcf{sk ga rdk

nfjjk| ga nfjk{qk| fjb xgseregjejo |kv{e|kb ej gxk|fregjs*

Ag| igw bkrkcregj x|glfleieru) gxk|frg|s nfu garkj xifj rg {sk bf|mk| f|kffjb fqgeb lkejo cgjr|fsrkb fofejsr l|eodr cgig| lfcmo|g{jb ag| nfjk{qk| fjb

xgseregjejo* Ksxkcefiiu wdkj gl`kcrs rg x|grkcr gxk|frg| a|gn ktxgs{|k es{reiepkb) gxk|frg| wg{ib iemk rg aejb gjkskia werd fj gl`kcr cgqk|ejo rdk

gxk|frg| ej rdk ag|ko|g{jb a|gn gxxgjkjr/s xgejr ga qekw werd gxk|frg| ej|kifreqk bf|m ea rdk gxk|frg| es glsk|qkb* Rdes wg{ib nkfj er wg{ib lk

lkjkaecefi rg {sk cgig| rdfr es bf|mk| rdfj rdk fqk|fok cgig| l|eodrjkss gardk kjre|k f|kf* Dgwkqk|) rdes es ea rdk|k es f bf|m f|kf g| gl`kcrs rdfr

cfj lk {skb rg sdekib gxk|frg| fqfeiflik* Sgnk renks) rdk|k f|k jg s{cdrdejos*

Fisg) s{|afck cgig| xfrrk|js fjb frrfcdnkjrs rg besrg|r rdk g{riejks fjb

qeselik akfr{|ks fxxkf|fjck sg rdfr er wg{ib iggm beaak|kjr a|gn wdfr es

ktxkcrkb f|k fisg {skb*

Fii ga rdksk nkrdgbs f|k garkj {skb ej cgnlejkb nfjjk|* Gjck kv{exnkjrswerd ck|rfej cgig| fjb ers xfrrk|j f|k skikcrkb) gxk|frg|s/ xgseregjejo fjb

nfjk{qk| xifj sdg{ib ejcg|xg|frk nkfs{|ks rg xifck rdk gxk|frg|s wdk|k er

es df|bk| ag| glsk|qk|s rg besrejo{esd lfcmo|g{jb a|gn rdk skikcrkbkv{exnkjrs*

Gxk|frg|s fisg n{sr cgjr|gi fju firk|fregjs rg f|kf qekw gxk|frg| nfu cf{sk


32/45

g| |kaikcregjs* Sdfbgws gxk|frg|s cfsrs) g| gxk|frg|/s enfok lkejo|kaikcrkb gj |kaikcreqk s{|afcks cfj lk f x|glikn*

Fcreqk ieodr sg{|ck jkkbs rg lk cgjr|giikb* IKB g| ICB sc|kkj gj kv{exnkjrs

knerrejo ieodr sdg{ib lk cgjr|giikb* Kv{exnkjrs sdg{ib lk cgjaeo{|kb ej fwfu rdfr er wg{ib jgr kner ieodr wdkj {sk| bgks jgr ktxkcr er rg*

Ieodr knessegj a|gn eii{nejfregj bkqecks sdg{ib lk fiigwkb gjiu wdkj

jkcksseru g{r wkeods rdk |esm*

[sk ga ieodr0

Fju ieodr knerrejo a|gn kv{exnkjrs cf||ekb lu gxk|frg|s ejc|kfsk |esm gabkrkcregj* Ej g|bk| rg nejenepk s{cd ieodr knessegj) gxk|frg|s jkkb rg {sk

ktesrejo fnlekjr ieodr fs n{cd fs xgsselik*

Jktr rdejo rg cgjsebk| es fcreqfrejo ieodr bkqecks rdfr f|k fi|kfbu ej rdk

kjqe|gjnkjr*Lgrd rdk ieodr a|gn f bkqecks cf||ekb lu fj gxk|frg| g| rdfr a|gn grdk|

eii{nejfregj bkeqcks ej rdk f|kf nfu lk skkj lu gxxgjkjrs) l{r gxxgjkjrscfjjgr x|kbecr gxk|frg|/s ngqknkjr xfrrk|j lu glsk|qejo ieodr rdfr bgks jgr

cdfjok werd gxk|frg|/s ngqknkjr* Fisg) eii{nejfregj bkqecks rdfr g|eoejfiiuktesrkb ej rdk f|kf nfu b|fw ikss frrkjregj rdfj f aifsdieodr rdfr fxxkf|s

rg lk dkib lu f xk|sgj*

\kof|bikss ga wdecd eii{nejfregj bkqeck rdfr es {skb) er sdg{ib lk {skb ejf wfu rdfr wg{ib |ks{ir ej eii{nejfrejo rdk f|kf gxkfrg|s jkkb rg skk wdeik

eii{nejfrejo gkx|frg|s fs ikss fs xgsselik*

Bko|kk ga ieodr gj s{|afcks ej s{||g{jbejo f|kf) jgr gjiu rdk bko|kk gaieodr gj gxk|frg|s) fisg faakcrs x|glfleieru ga gxk|frg|s lkejo ktxgskb*

Kqkj ea gxk|frg| es jgr eii{nejfrkb) gxk|frg|s/ g{riejk cfj lk cikf|iuqeselik lu cgjr|fsr ea rdk lfcmo|g{jb ga gxk|frg|s f|k l|eodr kjg{od a|gn

glsk|qk|/s xgejr ga qekw*

Gxxgjkjrs nfu fisg {sk rdk ieodr cgjberegjs rg rdke| fbqfjrfok* Gxk|frg|s

jkkb f xifj fjb kv{exnkjrs jkckssf|u rg dfjbik kjcg{jrk|s werd f|kfs wdk|kieodr cgjberegj bgks jgr fiigw gxk|frg|s rg skk wdfr es ejsebk*

[sk ga aifsdieodr0

Senxik fjb ngsr cgnngj nkrdgb ejqgiqks {sk ga eii{nejfregj bkqeck s{cd fs


33/45

dfjb dkib aifsdieodr* Rg {sk er ag| feb ej f|kf glsk|qfregj es f senxiknfrrk| ga r{|jejo f aifsdieodr gj werd rdk lkfn xgejrejo fr rdk f|kf rdk

gxk|frg| ejrkjb rg glsk|qk* Ngsr cgnngj nkrdgb es rg be|kcr rdk lkfn sgrdfr rdk xf|r ga rdk f|kf fj gxk|frg| wfjrs rg glsk|qk es be|kcriu

eii{nejfrkb lu rdk lkfn* Dgwkqk|) rdk|k es fisg f nkrdgb ga ejbe|kcreii{nejfregj*

_dkj ejrkjseru ga rdk ieodr eii{nejfrejo rf|okr gl`kcr es rgg l|eodr)dejbk|ejo glsk|qfregj) ejbe|kcr eii{nejfregj cfj lk {skb* Ejbe|kcr

eii{nejfregj cfj fisg lk {skb ag| eiinejfrejo gl`kcrs rdfr gxkf|rg|s cfjjgrbe|kcriu bg sg be|kcriu* Ejbe|kcr eii{nejfregj cfj fisg lk {skb rg

eii{njfrk fj f|kf n{cd webk| rdfj rdk webrd ga rdk lkfn ea rdk ejrkjseru gardk lkfn |kaikcrkb a|gn rdk gl`kcr rdk lkfn es rg{cdejo es l|eodr kjg{od*

Lkfn ga ieodr wg{ib fisg eiien{jfrk xf|reciks ej rdk fe| ej rdk xfrd ga rdk

lkfn* Rdes igwk|s rdk qeseleieru ga fju gl`kcr gxk|frg| es r|uejo rg

eii{nejfrk werd rdk lkfn* Dgwkqk|) ea rdk aifsd ieodr es xifckb ng|k gaaskra|gn rdk gxk|frg|/s iejo ga seodr rg rdk gl`kcr) sg rdfr rdk gxk|frg|/s

iejk ga seodr wg{ib dfqk ikss cgjqk|ofjck werd rdk lkfn) gxk|frg| wg{ibdfqk ikss eii{nejfrkb xf|reciks ej rdk iejk ga seodr*

Fjgrdk| dejbk|fjck rg glsk|qfregj es eii{nejfrejo gl`kcr lkdejb fr|fjsxf|fjr fjb|kaikcreqk gl`kcr s{cd fs oifss wfii* Xf|r ga rdk lkfn wg{ib

lk |kaikcrkb) fjb fju lkfn |kaikcrkb


34/45

rgw|bs rdk gxk|frg| wg{ib dejbk| glsk|qfleieru* Gxk|frg| wg{ib dfqk rg

cgjr|gi rdk xgseregj ga rdk aifsdieodr lkejo {skb) sg rdfr rdk lkfn wg{ib

lk gaaskr g| ej fj fjoik rdfr |kaicregj wg{ib jgr be|kcriu okr ejrg rdkgkx|frg|/s kuks* Fjgrdk| nkrdgb es rg xifck rdk aifsdieodr ikjs cigsk g|

be|kcriu gj rdk oifss sg rdfr aifdsieodr erskia wg{ib cgqk| ngsr ga rdk

|kaikcrkb ieodr*

Ngsr seojeaecfjr |esm {sk ga aifsdieodr xgsks es rdfr er cfj fik|r fjugxxgjkjr rdfr cfj skk rdk ieodr a|gn rdk aifsdieord kerdk| be|kcriu g|

ejbe|kcriu rdfr gxk|frg|s f|k x|kskjr ej rdk f|kf* Ag| rdes |kfsgj {sk gaieodr sdg{ib lk nejenepkb rg wdkj er es jkckssf|u*

Ea f lkfn eii{nejfrks fj gl`kcr jkf| lu gxk|frg|s) er cfj |ks{ir ej rdk

gxk|frg|s lkejo ejbe|kcriu eii{nejfrkb* Sg er n{sr lk fqgebkb fs n{cd fsxgsselik*


35/45

Ngqejo werd f aifsdieodr gj nfu fbqk|resk rg f xk|sgj wdg cfj skk rdk ieodr

ga ngqknkjr xfrrk|j ga rdk aifsdioedr lkf|k|* Ea er es akfselik) gxk|frg|s

sdg{ib cgsebk| ngqejo fwfu a|gn rdk xgejr wdk|k f aifsdieodr wfs r{|jkb gjfark| r{|jejo rdk ieodr gaa* Gxk|frg|s cfj mkkx ngqejo ej rdfr xfrrk|j rgnfmk er beaaec{ir ag| fj glsk|qk| rg x|kbecr gxk|frg|/s igcfregj lu

glsk|qejo ieodr a|gn aifsdieodr*

Ea f aifsdieodr {skb lu fj gxk|frg| dfqk kjg{od l|eodrjkss) gxk|frg|s cfj{sk ejbe|kcr ieodrejo nkrdgb rg eii{nejfrk f|kfs rdku ejrkjb rg glsk|qk*

Rdfr nkrdgb weii nfmk er beaaec{ir ag| gxxgjkjr/s xgsseliu glsk|qejo rdklkfn rg x|kbkcr rdk ktfcr igcfregj ga rdk gxk|frg| lu r|fcejo rdk lkfn*

\kngrk ieodr sg{|cks0\kngrk ieodr sg{|cks cfj lk {skb rg eii{nejfrk fj f|kf werdg{r rdk ieodr

sg{|ck cgjsrfjriu lkejo cf||ekb lu gxk|frg|s wdeik er es gj* F ieodrejobkqeck cfj lk bkieqk|kb rg f|kf werd ejs{aaecekjr ieodr wdk|k gxk|frg|s

ejrkjb rg glsk|qk lu fju nkfjs akfselik* Fs f senxieaekb ktfnxik0 Fjkikcr|ecfi ifjrk|j rdfr kners gnje.be|kcregjfi ieodr cfj lk rd|gwj ejrg

bf|m f|kf fj gxk|frg| wfjrs rg glsk|qk* Fjgrdk| ktfnxik es f if|ok aiggbieodr xifckb rg eii{nejfrk fj f|kf gxk|frg| jkkbs rg glsk|qk wdeik gxk|frg|

nfjk{qk|s sgnk besrfjck fwfu a|gn rdk ieodr sg{|ck*


36/45

Cg{jrk|ejo ktxgs{|k0

Ag| x|kqeg{siu nkjregjkb |kfsgj) ngqejo werd f aifsdieodr g| fju grdk|bkqeck rdfr kners seojfr{|ks cgjreg{siu gj g| rgg a|kv{kjriu gj sdg{ib lk

fqgebkb fs n{cd fs xgsselik* Dgwkqk|) rdk|k f|k ser{fregjs wdk|k er es jgrfqgebflik* Ej cgnxikrk bf|mjkss g| wdkj rdk|k es rgg igw ieodr a|gn grdk|

ieodr sg{|ck) r{|jejo gj fj eii{nejfregj bkqeck nfu lk rdk gjiu wfugxk|frg| cfj skk rdejos rg bg grdk| jkckssf|u rfsms* Rdk|k f|k fisg

ser{frgjs wdk|k gxk|frg|s cfjjgr fqgeb lkejo ktxgskb rg ieodr* Ea ktxgs{|kes jgr fqgebflik) rdk|k es fj gxregj ga fisg ieodrejo {x bf|m f|kfs rdfr

gxk|frg|s f|k ktxgskb rg*

Bksr|guejo ieodrejo bkqecks jgr wg|mejo ej gxk|frg|s/ afqg| es fjgrdk|

gxregj rg cgjsebk|*

...........................................................................N{ppik lifsr0

_dkj f ae|kf|n es bescdf|okb) rdk|k nfu lk knessegj ga qes{fi seojfr{|ks ej

ag|n ga aifsd fjb sngmk* N{ppik lifsr enxfcr gj gl`kcrs jkf| n{ppik cfjfisg okjk|frk rdejos) s{cd fs b{sr sngmk cf{skb lu n{ppik lifsr enxfcr gj

b{sru s{|afck jkf| rdk n{ppik) rdfr ktxgsks rdk sdggrk|*

_deik gxk|frg|s sdg{ib lk fwf|k ga f xgsseleieru ga ktxgs{|k lu n{ppiklifsr fjb rfmk jkckssf|u cf{regjs) rdes sdg{ib jgr lk |kiekb gj fs f

bkrkcregj nkrdgb* Ngbk|j fnn{jeregj l{|js x|gxkiifjr werd deodk| kaaecekjcurdfj rdfr ga rdk xfsr) fjb bkxkjbejo gj rdk o{j fjb fnn{jeregj cgnlejfregj

kjcg{jrk|kb) qes{fi seojfr{|k a|gn n{ppik lifsr nfu lk qk|u df|b rg bkrkcr*Rdk|k cfj lk qk|u ierrik aifsd wdecd es df|b rg bkrkcr kqkj fr jeodr renk*

Dfqejo f x|eg| rdg{odr |kof|bejo dgw rg |kfcr wdkj s{cd aifsd es glsk|qkbnfu dkix) l{r er sdg{ib jgr lk f srfjbf|b nkrdgb rg |kiu gj ers bkrkcregj*

Kqkj ea f aifsd es glsk|qkb) er nfu jgr ejbecfrk rdk ebkjreru ga rdk xf|rurdfr ae|kb rdk o{j rdk aifsd wfs knerrkb a|gn fjb wdfr rdk rf|okr wfs*

Fisg) ag| x|grkcregj) kaaecekjr aifsd s{xx|kssg| cfj lk ga o|kfr lkjkaerwdkj fbberegj ga rdk bkqeck bgks |kv{e|k seojeaecfjr wkeodr g| sepk

ejc|kfsk rdfr cf{sks x|glikns werd kaakcreqk gxk|fregj* Rdfr wg{ib lk rdkcfsk werd ngsr |eaiks) l{r ejsrfiifregj ga s{cd bkqecks cfj lk f x|glikn

werd ngsr xesrgis*

S{xx|kssg|s f|k bkseojkb x|enf|eiu ag| rdk x{|xgsk ga |kb{cregj ga o{j sdgr

jgesk) dgwkqk| er cfj feb seojeaecfjriu ej |kb{cejo n{ppik aifsd*...........................................................................


37/45

6*6*;*


38/45

neierf|u skcrg|) nfj xg|rflik |fbeg r|fjsnessegj bkrkcregj bkqeck es jgw f|kfieru*

Rdk lfsec x|ejcexik rg cg{jrk| rg nejenepk seojfr{|ks ej |kof|bs rg E\ g|

rdk|nfi bkqecks f|k jgr sg beaak|kjr a|gn rdfr ga nejenepejo qes{fiseojfr{|ks* Rdk nfej beaak|kjck es rdfr rdgsk nkcdfjecfi bkqecks skk rdejos

ej beaak|kjr |fjok ga a|kv{kjcu* Ngsr ga rdkn bg jgr oeqk rdk {sk| rdkfleieru rg besrejo{esd cgig|* _decd ieners rdk fleieru rg |kcgojepk gl`kcr

lu cgig| cgjr|fsr gj rdk sc|kkj gjiu* Ngsr x|ejcexiks ej bkfiejo werdqes{fi seojfr{|k fxxiu rdk sfnk* Sejck ngsr ieodr sg{|ck rdfr kners qeselik

ieodr fisg kners E\) sdfbkb f|kf es fisg df|bk| rg skk werd E\ bkqecks)firdg{od f igr kfsek| rdfj jfmkb kuk*

Er wg|ms lu bkrkcrejo fnlekjr E\ |kaikcrkb a|gn gl`kcrs) sg rdk|k n{sr lk f

sg{|ck ej rdk kjqe|gjnkjr) s{cd fs nggj g| srf| ieodr) knerrejo E\ rdfr

c|kfrks fnlekjr E\ g| fj f|reaecefi E\ knerrk| bkqeck* Rdfr nkfjs ejflskjck ga E\ knerrk| bkqeck) er weii jgr wg|m wdk|k rdk|k es jgrdejo rg

x|gqebk fnlekjr E\) s{cd fs ngsr cfsks ga lkejo ejsebk ga f sr|{cr{|k werdjg ieodrs gj fjb jg gxkjejo ag| E\ a|gn g{rsebk rg cgnk ej*

F lkfn ga ieodr be|kcrkb rg E\ skjsg| cfj lk kaakcreqk ej `fnnejo E\glsk|qfregj bkqecks* Er cfj c|kfrk oif|k* Fisg) er cfj fisg r|eook| f

x|grkcregj nkcdfjesn ga ck|rfej E\ bkqecks rg |kb{ck ejx{r sg rdfr rdkieodr rgg l|eodr ag| rdk bkqecks wg{ib jgr bfnfok er) wdecd wg{ib |ks{ir ej

|kb{ckb bkrkcregj cfxfleieru*

Rdk|nfi bkqecks wg|ms lu bkrkcrejo E\ ieodr okjk|frkb lu dkfr ga rdk gl`kcrerskia* Lkcf{sk ga rdfr) er bgks jgr |kv{e|k fju fnlekjr E\ ieodr ag| er rg

gxk|frk* Er es |kifreqkiu ng|k beaaec{ir rg x|grkcr gxk|frg|s lkejobkrkcrkb lu er) lkcf{sk senxiu dfqejo fj gl`kcr ligcm f be|kcr iejk ga

seodr wg{ib lk ejs{aaecekjr* Ea lgbu dkfr wf|ns {x rdk gxk|frg|/ss{||g{jbejo gl`kcr) er weii lk bkrkcrflik) kqkj ea rdk gl`kcr ligcms be|kcr

iejk ga seodr a|gn rdk bkqeck* Fjb) rdk ruxk ga E\ ieodr es fisg cfxflik gaogejo rd|g{od rdejos rdfr wg{ib ligcm qeselik g| E\ |fjok ieodr {skb lu

|ko{if| E\ bkqecks) oeqejo rdk {sk| rg skk rd|g{od ck|rfej ruxk fjb bko|kkga sngmk g| sgnk ruxk ga afl|ecs* Dgwkqk|) {sejo gl`kcrs rg ligcm bkrkcregj

weii wg|m) ea rdk gl`kcr es bkjsk kjg{od fjb gxk|frg| faakcrejo rdkrknxk|fr{|k ga rdk gl`kcr) iemk wf|nejo rdk gl`kcr werd lgbu dkfr) cfj lk

x|kqkjrkb*

Er cfj bkrkcr qk|u nejenfi dkfr okjk|frkb lu ejrk|fcregj lkrwkkj gl`kcrs*

Ag| ktfnxik) qk|u nejenfi dkfr gj f |gfb cf{skb lu qkdecik lkejo b|eqkjgqk| er nfu ikfqk f dkfr r|fei gj rdk

|gfb qeselik rg rdk|nfi bkqecks ag| ck|rfej b{|fregj kqkj fark| rdk qkdecik

dfs ngqkb fwfu* Er cfj rkii ea f cf| kjoejk es wf|n g| jgr) fjb bkrkcr dkfrr|fjsak||kb a|gn fj gxk|frg| /s dfjb gj gl`kcrs wdkj rdk gxk|frg| rg{cdkb

rdk gl`kcr* Rdes nkfjs ikfqejo fju dkfr seojfr{|k lkdejb es fisg f cgjck|j*


39/45

Dgwkqk|) rdk bkqeck bg |kv{e|k rdk lfcmo|g{jb dkfr xecr{|k rg lk sgnkwdfrngjgrgjg{s rg wg|m lkrrk|* Ag| ktfnxik) bkrkcrejo f xk|sgj wfimejo ej f

bksk|r fr jeodr wg{ib uekib lkrrk| |ks{ir rdfj r|uejo rg sxgr sgnkgjk ej fl{su sr|kkr ga f dkfqeiu {|lfjepkb f|kf* Sg) cfng{aifok x|ejcexiks rg wg|m)

firdg{od er wg{ib lk f xfrrk|j ga dkfr cgnlejkb werd g{riejk cgjr|fsr gas{||g{jbejo gl`kcrs fr wg|m*

Rdk|nfi bkqecks cfj |kv{e|k deodk| wg|m igfb cgnxf|kb rg E\ bkqecks* Sejck

er |kv{e|ks {sk|s rg |kcgojepk gl`kcrs lu cgjr|fsr c|kfrkb ej f beaak|kjrnfjjk| a|gn dgw |ko{if| g| E\ ieodr c|kfrk cgjr|fsr) rdk|k f|k ng|k gxregjs

rg besxifu rdk enfok rg feb ej |kcgojeregj* Gjk ktfnxik ga ngsr garkj {skbgxregj lkejo swercdejo lkrwkkj ,_derk Dgr,$Gl`kcrs besxifukb l|eodrk|

|kx|kskjrs dgrrk| gl`kcr% fjb ,Lifcm Dgr,$Gl`kcrs besxifukb bf|mk||kx|kskjrs dgrrk| gl`kcr% ngbk* Fisg) firdg{od er dfs o|kfr bkrkcregj

cfxfleieru |kof|bejo dkfr seojfr{|k) rdk wfu er okjk|frks enfok nfmks er

ikss kaaecekjr ag| {sk| rg |kcgojepk bkrfeis ga rdk akfr{|ks ga gl`kcrs*

Fjgrdk| |ksr|ecregj es rdfr werd dkfb wg|j ruxks) s{cd bkqecks iener rdk{sk|/s xk|exdk|fi qesegj) fjb nfu cf{sk igss ga ser{fregjfi fwf|kjkss eardk {sk| ngqks rd|g{od f sk|eks ga beaak|kjr ieodr cgjberegj v{ecmiu) s{cd

fs |{jjejo ejrg f bf|m |ggn rg f l|eodriu ier |ggn*

Kqkj werd fii rdk x|glikns) E\ bkqecks nfu l|ejo f o|kfr fbqfjrfok ejser{fregjs wdk|k {sk|s f|k aeodrejo fofejsr gxxgjkjrs werdg{r s{cd

kv{exnkjrs ej kjqe|gjnkjr wdk|k gl`kcrs ga rfcrecfi seojeaecfjck cfjjgr lkglsk|qkb werd `{sr d{nfj kuks* \{|fi f|kf fr jeodr renk wdk|k jg f|reaecefi

ieodrejos f|k ejsrfiikb cfj lk f oggb ktfnxik* Dgwkqk|) ieodr cgjberegjsgarkj cdfjok) ksxkcefiiu ej {|lfj kjqe|gjnkjr* _dkj ieodrejo cgjberegj

cdfjok) er weii fisg cdfjok wdkrdk| ea {sejo E\ glsk|qfregj bkqeck es fjfbqfjrfok g| besfbqfjrfok* Fjb) rdk cdfjok cfj lk qk|u v{ecm fjb a|kv{kjr*

Kqkj fr jeodr renk) rdk|k f|k garkj f igr ga ieodr sg{|cks ej f|kfs rdfrdfqk f|reaecefi sr|{cr{|ks c|kfrejo be|kcr fjb fnlekjr ieodr ej bujfnec

nfjjk|* Rdfr nkfjs gxk|frg|s werd E\ bkqecks nfu jgr lk rdk gjiu gjks rdfrcfj skk gl`kcrs ga rfcrecfi seojeaecfjck* Fjb) cgjsebk|ejo rdk x|glikns

fssgcefrkb werd {sk ga E\ bkqecks) wdkrdk| ea {sk ga er es fj fbqfjrfok cfjlk qk|u {jck|rfej* Kqkj ej igw ieodr) jgr ienerejo xk|exdk|fi qesegj fjb

ngregj |fjok werd E\ glsk|qfregj bkqecks nfu lk ga fbqfjrfok fs igjo fsrdk|k es kjg{od fng{jr ga ieodr rg glsk|qk wdfr es jkkbkb rg lk skkj*

Ea gxxgjkjrs s{bbkjiu r{|js gj f qeselik ieodr fjb eii{nejfrks gxk|frg|s)rdk E\ bkqeck fbqfjrfok es rfmkj fwfu) fjb gxk|frg|s {sejo E\ bkqecks f|k

gjiu ikar werd rdk ienerfregjs er enxgsks wdecd dejbk|s gxk|frg|s/ fleierurg |ksxgjb kqkj ea rdk gxxgjkjrs ktxgsk rdknskiqks werd rdk qeselik ieodr

ej rdk x|gckss* Sg) gxk|frg|s {sejo rdgsk bkqecks sdg{ib lk fwf|k ga rdk

|esm fjb lk x|kxf|kb rg |ksxgjb rg gxxgjkjrs/ frrfcm wdkj rdke| f|kfs{bbkjiu lkejo ier {x lu qeselik ieodr*


40/45

Ejrk|ak|kjck cf{skb lu E\ glsk|qfregj bkqecks0Ngsr dkfb df|jkss g| dkinkr ng{jrkb E\ bkqecks dfqk ienerkb fb`{srnkjr

|fjok ag| rdk fjoik rdk bkqeck cfj lk skr) {s{fiiu gjiu {x g| bgwj* Rdkqekw be|kcregj es aetkb werd rdk be|kcregj rdk {sk|/s dkfb es afcejo* Rdes

lkcgnks f x|glikn wdkj {sk|/s afck es jgr afcejo rdk be|kcregj fj gl`kcrrdk {sk| es r|uejo rg skk* _dkj fenejo f |eaik) f sdggrk| nfu reir gjk/s

dkfb rg gjk sebk a|gn {x|eodr xgseregj wdeik kuks f|k afcejo rgwf|b rdkejrkjbkb rf|okr* Sdggrk|/s dkfb es {s{fiiu reirkb bgwjwf|bs ej nfju

ce|c{nsrfjcks) fjb ksxkcefiiu sg wdeik ej x|gjk xgseregj) werd kuks |grfrkb{xwf|bs rg iggm rgwf|b rdk a|gjr* _dkj fii xf|reks f|k gj f dg|epgjrfi

xifjk) rdfr |ks{irs ej rdk kuk afcejo rdk rf|okr werd rdk E\ bkqeck ng{jrkbgj sdggrk|/s dkfb xgejrejo bgwjwf|bs* Nkcdfjecfi f|ns rdfr dgib E\ bkqecks

gj dkfb df|jkss g| dkinkr cfj lk fb`{srkb rg fiikqefrk rdfr x|glikn= l{r fs

nkjregjkb lkag|k) rdk fb`{srnkjr |fjok es ienerkb*

Rdes fisg o|kfriu dejbk|s f sdggrk|/s fleieru rg ktkc{rk kaakcreqk o{jjk|ug| kqkj glsk|qk f rf|okr wdkj dkfb ng{jrkb E\ bkqecks f|k {skb* Rdk sdggrk|weii iemkiu dfqk o|kfr |kb{cregj ej rdk fleieru rg kaakcreqkiu {sk fju e|gj

g| scgxk seodrs gj o{js* Kqkj ea rdk {sk| es flik rg okr f o{j/s seodr ejrdk bkqeck/s qekw) wdkj f xk|sgj frrknxrs rg qekw f rf|okr fenkb werd f o{j

seodr rd|g{od qebkg cfnk|f) rdfr xk|sgj nfu dfqk x|glikns werd nfmejo rdkcfnk|f besxifu lgrd rdk seodr fjb rdk rf|okr wdecd f|k fr beaak|kjr

besrfjcks werd kjg{od cif|eru) ngsriu b{k rg gxrecfi agc{s ienerfregjs*Sgnk kikcr|g.gxrecfi bkqecks bg jgr x|gxk|iu |kcgojepk gl`kcrs fr qk|u

cigsk besrfjck* Fjb) {sk ga |ko{if| E\ g| rdk|nfi gxrecs cfj x|kskjr rdksfnk x|glikns*

Rdk|k nfu fisg lk f x|glikn werd ag|nejo f sdggrejo xifrag|n rdfr eskaakcreqk*

Fenejo bkqecks s{cd fs ifsk| seodr rdfr bgks jgr |kv{e|k rdk {sk| rg skk

rdk fenejo bkqeck ej iejk ga seodr rg rdk rf|okr es garkj {reiepkb ejcgj`{jcregj werd E\ glsk|qfregj bkqeck rg fiikqefrk rdes x|glikn* Dgwkqk|)

er bgks jgr cgnxikrkiu kienejfrk rdk x|glikn* S{cd x|glikn weii nfmk fxk|sgj |kiuejo gj dkfb ng{jrkb E\ glsk|qfregj bkqecks rg afqg| xgsr{|ks

werd rdk {xxk| lgbu g| dkfb ej sgnkwdfr {x|eodr* [sk ga ifsk| x|kskjrs fx|glikn rdfr gxk|frg| wg{ib lk knerrejo f bkrkcrflik seojfr{|k* [sk ga

ifsk| ej E\ ieodr skxcr|{n wg{ib nfmk er ejbkrkcrflik rg jfmkb kuks) l{r

jgr rg E\ glsk|qfregj bkqecks) bkxkjbejo gj wdfr E\ ieodr a|kv{kjcu |fjokrdk ifsk| es gj* Ifsk| fenejo bkqecks fbb fbberegjfi wkeodr) |kv{e|ks

kikcr|ecfi xgwk|) fjb fbberegjfi kaag|r rg pk|g rdk bkqeck garkj skr gaaskrrg rdk lg|k ftes ej lgrd dg|epgjrfi fjb qk|recfi xifjk*

Ea E\ glsk|qfregj bkqeck es ng{jrkb gj f o{j) rdk {sk| dfs ikss x|gliknxgejrejo rdk bkqeck rgwf|b wdk|k rdk {sk|/s kuks/ g|ekjrfregj* L{r) ea rdfr

es rdk gjiu bkqeck fqfeiflik) rdkj er dfs f x|glikn werd rdk {sk| fiwfusdfqejo rg mkkx rdk o{j ej fenejo xgseregj fjb scfj kqk|u f|kf rdk {sk|


41/45

wfjrs rg glsk|qk werd rdk o{j wdkj rdk bkqeck dfs rg lk |kiekb gj*

_kfxgj ng{jrkb glsk|qfregj febs0

Gxk|frg|s sdg{ib r|u rg dfqk glsk|qfregj febs rdfr es skxf|frk a|gn gjks

ng{jrkb gj wkfxgj ag| fenejo* Ag| ktfnxik) gxk|frg|s sdg{ib dfqk dfjb dkibaifsdieodr rdfr es skxf|frk a|gn wkfxgj ng{jrkb aifsdieodr) sg rdfr wkfxgj

ng{jrkb ieodr bgks jgr dfqk rg lk {skb fs f x|enf|u eii{nejfregj bkqeck*Rdk |kfsgj es rdfr bkqecks s{cd fs aifsdieodr jkkbs be|kcr iejk ga seodr rg

fju gl`kcr er es febejo ej lkejo glsk|qkb* Rdfr |ks{irs ej rdk aifsdieodrg| seneif| bkqecks lkejo ktxgskb ae|sr rg {jktfnejkb f|kf figjo werd

gxk|frg|/s kuks* Fisg) s{cd bkqeck nfu dfqk rg lk xgseregjkb ej qf|eg{s

xgseregj rg feb ej glsk|qfregj rdfr neodr nfmk gxk|frg| okr f wkfxgj ejxgseregj rdfr wg{ib dejbk| gxk|frg|s a|gn kaakcreqkiu {sejo er ej sdg|rksr

renk xgsselik ea rdk bkcqeck es frrfcdkb rg rdk wkfxgj* Rdfr nfmks erdf|bk| rg o{f|b rdk wkfxgj a|gn lkejo o|fllkb lu gxxgjkjrs ej {jktfnejkbf|kf fjb {sk rdk wkfxgj kaakcreqkiu wdkj ser{fregj |kv{e|kejo ers ennkbefrk

{sk f|esks*

6*6*;*2* Grdk| seojfr{|ks

.\fbeg seojfi0

Cgjr|gi knessegj a|gn cgnn{jecfregj kv{exnkjrs ea |fbeg knessegj wg{ib

ktxgsk gxk|frg|s*

6*6*;*;* \kngrk ktxgs{|k bkqecks

Rdksk f|k bkqecks rdfr f|k skr {x ej f igcfregj rg ktxgsk gxxgjkjr lu

c|kfrejo seojfr{|ks bkrkcrflik rg gxk|frg|s fwfu a|gn rdk igcfregj {xgj fju

ejrk|fcregj werd f xgsselik gxxgjkjr* Rdk|k f|k webk |fjok ga s{cd bkqecks)nfju ga wdecd cfj lk enx|gqeskb* Ktfnxik ga s{cd f bkqeck cfj lk sgnkrdejo

senxik fs gl`kcrs rdfr nfmks jgesk wdkj srkxxkb gj* Ng|k kiflg|frk ag|nwg{ib lk f r|ex we|k rdfr cf{sks f aif|k rg lk if{jcdkb wdkj f xk|sgj ngqks

rdk we|k* S{cd bkqecks wk|k {skb ej wf| rg dkix sgibek|s bkrkcr kjkneks wdg

wk|k {jfwf|k ga rdk bkqeck r|exxejo rdk we|k*

Ej fbberegj rg x{|xgsk l{eir |kngrk bkrkcregj skjsg| bkqecks ag|g|ofjepfregjs iemk neierf|u) rdk|k f|k nfju lfrrk|u gxk|frkb cgnxfcr ngregj


42/45

bkrkcregj bkqecks fqfeiflik ag| okjk|fi x{liec jgw* F ngregj skjsg|fcreqfrkb ieodr snfii kjg{od rg lk cf||ekb ej f xgcmkr cfj lk xifckb fr

igcfregjs rg ktxgsk g| s{|x|esk fj gxxgjkjr*

Fr rdk sfnk renk) gxk|frg|s sdg{ib fisg lk fwf|k ga s{cd bkqecks wg|mejofofejsr rdkn* Nfju f|kfs) ksxkcefiiu {|lfj f|kfs) dfqk if|ok fng{jr ga

ngregj bkrkcregj fcreqfrkb bkqecks rdfr cfj fik|r fj gxxgjkjr* Firdg{odrdgsk bkqecks cfj lk skr {x lu gxxgjkjrs) er es ngsriu skr {x lu xkgxik wdg

f|k jgr f dgsreik xf|ru ag| {reieru x{|xgsks* Sgnk {reieru ieodrejoaetr{|ks f|k ngregj skjsg| fcreqfrkb* Rdk|k f|k nfju f{rgnfrkb bgg|s rdfr

f|k fcreqfrkb lu x|gteneru bkrkcrg| g| x|kss{|k xfb* Rdk|k fisg cfj lkfif|n skjsg|s ejsrfiikb ej f l{eibejo ag| l{|oif|u bkrk||kjck* Fju ga rdgsk

cfj fccebkjrfiiu ktxgsk fj gxk|frg|/s x|kskjck*

6*6*;*1* @fnnejo*

Qes{fi0

.Ieodr sg{|ck0Sr|gjo ieodr sg{|ck rdfr cfj gqk|xgwk| ieodr seojfr{|k a|gn gxk|frg|

xifckb ej a|gjr ga gxk|frg| a|gn glsk|qk|/s xgejr ga qekw cfjx|gqebk cgjckfinkjr ag| rdk gxk|frg|*

Sr|gjo l{|sr ga ieodr cfj sfr{|frk rdk ieodr ejx{r f d{nfj cfj dfjbik)

rknxg|f|eiu dejbk|ejo fleieru ag| rdk xk|sgj ktxgskb rg rdk ieodrrg skk* Dgwkqk|) rdk ieodr dfs rg lk qk|u ejrkjsk* S{cd ieodr cfj

lk okjk|frkb a|gn bkbecfrkb jgesk aifsd bkqecks* Dgwkqk|) dgw n{cdkaakcr er dfs es faakcrkb lu fng{jr ga fnlekjr ieodr rdk xk|sgj rdk

ieodr es {skb fofejsr es fb`{srkb rg* Ea rdk fnlekjr ieodr gxxgjkjr/skuks f|k fb`{srkb rg es qk|u l|eodr) s{cd fs f|kf eii{nejfrkb lu s{j

ieodr fr bfu renk) rdk kaakcr nfu lk rgg igw rg dfqk fju seojeaecfjck*L{r) ea gxxgjkjrs qesegj es fb`{srkb rg bf|mjkss) kqkj lkfn a|gn dfjb

dkib aifsdieodr be|kcrkb gj gxxgjkjrs kuks cfj lk kaakcreqk*

.Sngmk0

Sngmk okjk|frkb a|gn ae|k g| cdknecfi bkqecks) krc*) cfj lk {skb fsqes{fi sc|kkj*

F{beg0

.Ig{b jgesk cfj besr|fcr g| besg|ekjr xkgxik* Jgesks a|gn ktxigseqksg| o{j ae|k) g| a|gn bkbecfrkb jgesk aifsd bkqecks f|k {skb ag| rdfr


43/45

x{|xgsk) l{r er/s kaakcr sdg{ib jgr lk |kiekb gj* Rdk kaakcr qf|ekso|kfriu bkxkjbejo gj dgw n{cd sg{jb x|kss{|k fcr{fiiu |kfcdks rdk

xk|sgj rf|okrkb* Fisg) sejck besg|ekjrfregj es iejmkb rg nkjrfi srfrk)rdk rf|okrkb xk|sgj/s nkjrfi srfrk fisg faakcrs rdk g{rcgnk*

Besg|ekjrfregj kaakcr es |kb{ckb wdkj gxxgjkjr es fik|r) fjb er es|kb{ckb kqkj ng|k wdkj rdk gxxgjkjr fjrecexfrks s{cd nkfs{|ks*

\fbeg0

.X{|xgsk bkseojkb `fnnejo bkqecks0

Firdg{od jgr cgnngjiu fqfeiflik rg gxk|frg|s g{r sebk ga ogqk|jnkjrcfxfceru fr rdk renk ga rdes w|erejo) ea x{|xgsk bkseojkb

cgnn{jecfregj `fnnejo bkqecks f|k fqfeiflik gxk|frg|s sdg{ib

cgjsebk| ers {sk*

.F|kf skikcregj0Nfmejo gxxgjkjr/s okr ejrg f|kfs wdk|k rdk|k f|k lf||ek|s rdfr |fbegseojfis f|k df|b rg x|gxfofrk rd|g{od cfj lk ga dkix* Lkejo ejsebk

ck|rfej ruxk ga sr|{cr{|ks cfj nfmk |fbeg cgnn{jecfregj beaaec{ir ag|lgrd gxk|frg|s fjb rdke| gxxgjkjrs*


44/45

6*6*1* Nfjk{qk| fjb xgseregjejo*

Ng|k bkrfeis ej Nfjk{qk| fjb xgseregjejo*


45/45

6*$X|glfleieru ejc|kfsk lu xgsereqkiu faakcrkb afcrg|s%t$seojeaecfjck gaxgsereqkiu faakcrkb afcrg|s% .$X|glfleieru bkc|kfsk lu jkofreqkiu faakcrkb

afcrg|s%t$seojeaecfjck ga jkofreqkiu faakcrkb afcrg|s%

Ag| ktfnxik0 F o{jjk|u x|gckss weii ktxgsk rdk gxk|frg|* Ea rdk gxk|frg|ejcfxfcerfrks rdk gxxgjkjr) rdk skc{|eru weii ejc|kfsk o|kfriu* Sg) ea rdk

gxk|frg| dfs deod x|glfleieru ga s{cckss werd rdk o{jjk|u x|gckss) rdkx|glfleieru ga ofejejo skc{|eru nfu ejc|kfsk* Dgwkqk|) ea rdk gxk|frg| dfs

f igw x|glfleieru ga s{cckss) rdk cgjsebk|fregj rg fqgeb rdk jkofreqkkaakcr ga ktxgs{|k rg fj gxxgjkjrs glsk|qfregj fjb frrfcm weii x|kqfei*

L{r) ea rdk gxk|frg| es fi|kfbu ktxgskb rg frrfcm) werddgibejo frrfcm rgfqgeb ktxgs{|k weii jg igjok| lk f cgjsebk|fregj* Ej rdfr cfsk) rdk

gxk|frg| nfu ejerefrk f o{jjk|u x|gckss) g| nfjk{qk| rg fj f|kf rdfr essdekibkb) g| bg lgrd* O{jjk|u x|gckss ej nfju cfsks nkfjs fr ikfsr sgnk

xf|r ga rdk gxk|frg|/s lgbu lkejo ktxgskb rg fj gxxgjkjr* Fjb ej sgnkser{fregjs) rg {reiepk f ck|rfej sdekibejo gl`kcr nfu dejbk| kaakcreqk {sk

ga rdk gxk|frg|/s wkfxgj*

Fj gxk|frg|/s kqfseqk nfjk{qk| rg nfmk er beaaec{ir ag| gxxgjkjrs rg fenrdk gxk|frg| wg{ib igwk| rdk x|glfleieru ga gxk|frg| lkejo der lu gxxgjkjrs

o{j ae|k) l{r er fisg bkc|kfsks rdk gxk|frg|/s o{jjk|u kaakcreqkjkss* Ea

rdk gxk|frg| cfj ejcfxfcerfrk rdk gxxgjkjr lkag|k rdk gxxgjkjr cfj dfqkkaakcreqk ders gj gxk|frg|) fjb rdk gxk|frg| ngqejo faakcrejo gxk|frg|/s

o{jjk|u kaakcreqkjkss wg{ib nfmk er afei) rdkj gxk|frg|/s o{jjk|u x|gcksses ng|k ga f seojeaecfjr afcrg|* Ea rdk gxk|frg| es jgr iemkiu rg okr

kaakcreqk ders gj rdk gxxgjkjr lkag|k rdk gxxgjkjr cfj okr kaakcreqk ders

gj rdk gxk|frg| fjb kqfseqk nfjk{qk| cfj okr fj gxk|frg| rg x|grkcrkb

Combat Operations With Firearms Volume 2 Chapter 1 Tactics Release 2011 12 22

Documents

Transcript of Combat Operations With Firearms Volume 2 Chapter 1 Tactics Release 2011 12 22