Com Power Pfc05en (Web)

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About

Power Factor Correction

Solutions for

Energy Efficiency

For internal distribution only


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Power Factor Correction:true solution for improving

Energy Efficiencyfor our customers

PFC Line of Business

550 people

6 industrial facilities

60 business specialists

in the world

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3

Summary

What is Power Factor Correction?

Customer benefits

Offer panorama

They have trusted us

Revelant documents and links

Contacts

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What is Power Factor Correction?

Definition of Power Factor

The active power P (kW)is the real power transmitted to loads such as motors, lamps, heaters,

computers. The electrical active power is transformed into mechanical power, heat or light.

In a circuit where the applied r.m.s. voltage is Vrms and the circulating r.m.s. current is Irms, the

apparent power S (kVA)is: S = Vrms

x Irms

The apparent power is the basis for electrical equipment rating.

The Power Factor is the ratio of the active power P (kW) to the apparent power S (kVA).

=P(kW)

S(kVA)

Reactive power

/

Harmonics

Active Power

(kW)

Apparent power

(kVA)

Power Factor is deteriorated by:

reactive power(when voltage

and current are phase-shifted)

harmonics(when voltage or

current are distorted)

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Power Factor Correction

In electrical networks, reactive power and harmonics result in increased line currents for a given active

power transmitted to loads. The principle of Power Factor Correctionis to reduce the apparent Power

S(kVA) for a given active Power P(kW).

Power Quality auditsand installation of Power Monitoring systemsare the preliminary steps to be

proposed to customers. This will provide a full knowledge of the electrical installation characteristics in

terms of Power Factor and Harmonic distortion. Compensation of reactive power/energy or harmonicmitigation will be selected accordingly.

Compensation of reactive power/energy

Generally, the electricity bill includes components related to active and reactive power absorbed over

time (active and reactive energy).

Compensation of reactive energy is typically achieved by producing reactive energy close to the

consuming loads, through connection of capacitor banks to the network. Then, only the active energy

has to be supplied by the energy supplier.

Harmonic mitigation

Operation of active harmonic filter is identical to a noise-cancellation headset:

The active filter injects currents on the network, eliminating the distortion

Power losses and disturbances are reduced

Reactive energy supplied and

billed by the energy provider.

00,51

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-1,5

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+ =

= =

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1,5

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Before After

Power

generation

Active energy

Reactive energy

Transmission

network

Active energy

Reactive energyMotor

Power

generation

Transmission

networkMotor

Active energy Active energy

Reactive energy

Capacitor

The reactive power is supplied

by capacitors. No billing of

reactive power by the energy

supplier.

Harmonicgenerators

Activefilter

ResultMV

Harmonic

M

Harmonicgenerators

Activefilter

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Customer benefits

Save on the electricity bill: reduce Opex

Eliminating penalties on reactive energy and decreasing kVA demand,

Reducing power losses generated in the transformers and conductors

of the installation, thus reducing CO2 emission.

Example:

Loss reduction in a 630 kVA transformer

PW = 6,500 W with an initial Power Factor = 0.7.

With power factor correction, we obtain a final Power Factor = 0.98. The losses

become: 3,316 W, i.e. a reduction of 49%.

Increase available power

Allowing a better use of electrical equipment. Example: The power

available at the secondary of a MV/LV transformer can be increased by

fitting Power Factor Correction equipment on the low voltage side.

The table opposite shows the increased available power at the

transformer output through improvement of the Power Factor from 0.7

to 1.

Reduce installation size: reduce Capex

Installing power factor correction equipment allows

conductor cross-section to be reduced, since less current is

absorbed by the compensated installation for the same

active power.

The opposite table shows the multiplying factor for theconductor cross-section with different power factor values.

Power

factor

Increased

available

power

0.7 0 %

0.8 +14 %

0.85 +21 %

0.90 + 28 %

0.95 +36 %

1 +43 %

Power

factor

Cable cross

section

multiplying

factor

1 1

0.95 1.05

0.9 1.1

0.85 1.17

0.8 1.25

0.7 1.43

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Improve Power Quality

Harmonics are responsible of different nuisances:

Deterioration of the supply voltage quality,

Stress of the electrical network and potential equipment damage,

Disruption of normal operation and increased operating costs,

Overheating of transformers, motors and cables, thermal tripping of protective devices

and logic faults of digital devices,

Reduction of equipment life span by elevated operating temperature.

Active Harmonic Filtersprovide the best technical and cost effective solution.

Equipment such as welders, induction furnaces, lifts, crushers are generating:

Rapid and frequent load variations,

Fast and large voltage fluctuations at the users level,

Light flicker and disturbances of sensitive equipment.

Electronicor Hybrid Var Compensators, based on Active Harmonic Filter technology, can

solve this problem.

Provide voltage support on weak grids

Renewable energy generators such as wind turbines, solar panels and small hydrogenerators are generally connected on weak grids,

Voltage support is requested by the Utilities in order to avoid large voltage fluctuations.

In all these situations, the best result is obtained with fast and continuous reactive energy

compensation.

Improve electricity availability and business performance

Power Factor Correction equipments provide solutions for an optimized use of Electricity:

Increased reliability and equipment lifetime,

Reduced risks of outage,

Increased productivity & quality.

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Offer panorama

LV metallic capacitors

VarplusCan / VarplusBox

VarplusCan

Construction Extruded aluminium can

Voltage 230 V - 690 V 400 V - 690 V 400 V - 600 Vrange

Power range 1 50 kvar 5 15 kvar 6.5 100 kvar 6.5 25 kvar(three-phase)

Overcurrent 1.5 x IN 1.8 x IN 2.5 x IN 1.8 x IN 2.5 x IN

Mean life Up to 100,000 h Up to 130,000 h Up to 160,000 h Up to 130,000 h Up to 160,000 hexpectancy

Safety Self-healing + pressure-sensitive disconnector + discharge device

Dielectric Metallized polypropylene Double metallized paper Metallized polypropylene Double metallized paperfilm with Zn/Al alloy + Polypropylene film film with Zn/Al alloy + Polypropylene film

Ambient -25- Max 55C/Class D -25- Max 70C -25- Max 55C/Class D -25- Max 70Ctemperature

PE90132

PE90131

PE90130

+

PE90131

SDuty HDuty Energy HarmonicHDuty HarmonicEnergy

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VarplusBox

Steel sheet enclosure

380 V - 690 V 380 V - 690 V

2.5 100 kvar 6.5 100 kvar

1.5 x IN 1.8 x IN 2.5 x IN 1.8 x IN 2.5 x IN

Up to 100,000 h Up to 130,000 h Up to 160,000 h Up to 130,000 h Up to 160,000 h

Self-healing + pressure-sensitive disconnector + discharge device

Metallized polypropylene Double metallized paper Metallized polypropylene Double metallized paperfilm with Zn/Al alloy + Polypropylene film film with Zn/Al alloy + Polypropylene film

-25- Max 55C/Class D -25- Max 70C -25- Max 55C/Class D -25- Max 70C

PE90135

PE90136

+

+

PE90154

PE90164

PE90137

PE

90134

PE90135

SDuty HDuty Energy HarmonicHDuty Harmonic Energy

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Service voltage (V) 230 to 690/50Hz 240 to 600 / 60Hz

Rated voltage (V) Up to 690V

kvar range 2.5 to 20

Protection system HQ protection system built into each single phase element:

- high current fault protection by HRC cartridge fuse

- low current fault protection by combination of single

phase internal overpressure device with the HRC fuse

Installation All positions are convenient except vertical one with

connecting terminals upside down

Temperature class D (+55 C)

Overcurrent + 30 % permanently

Harmonics Up to 50% non-linear loads with detuned reactor

LV plastic capacitors / modules / capacitor banks

Varplus2 capacitors

Varpact modules

Varset capacitor banks

Service voltage 400V / 50Hz


Connection Cable / busbar

Configuration Single / double

Harmonics Classic:15% non-linear loadsComfort:15 to 25% non-linear loads

Harmony:25 to 50% non-linear loads

Temperature max: 40 C around the capacitor bank (electrical room)

Installation Horizontal or vertical

Options Circuit breaker

Service voltage 400V / 50Hz


Harmonics Classic: 15% non-linear loads

Comfort:15 to 25% non-linear loads

Harmony:25 to 50% non-linear loads

Enclosure Wall-mounted or free-standing

Protection IP31

Temperature max: 40 C around the capacitor bank (electrical room)

Options Circuit breaker

Transient-free switching (VarsetFast)

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Power Factor Controllers

The Varlogic controllers permanently

monitor the reactive power of the

installation and control the connection

and disconnection of capacitor steps

in order to obtain the targeted power

factor

Benefits

Permanent monitoring of the network and equipment;

Providing information on equipment status;

Alarm signals transmitted in case of anomaly;

Communication by Modbus protocol (Varlogic NRC12)

Simplicity

Simplified programming and possibility of intelligent self

set-up,

Ergonomic layout on control buttons.

User-friendlinessThe large display allows:

Direct viewing of installation electrical information and

capacitor stage condition;

Direct reading of set-up configuration;

Intuitive browsing in the various menus (indications,

commissioning, configuration);

Alarm indication.

Performance Access to a wealth of network and capacitor bank data;

New control algorithm designed to reduce the number of

switching operations and quickly attain the targeted power

factor.

Simplified installation and set-up

Quick and simple mounting and wiring;

Insensitive to current transformer polarity and phase

rotation polarity;

A special menu allows controller self-configuration.

Monitoring and protection

Alarms

Should an anomaly occur on the network or the capacitor

bank, alarms are indicated on the screen and alarm contact

closure is initiated;

The alarm message is maintained on the screen once the

fault clears until it is manually removed.

Protection If necessary, the capacitor steps are automatically

disconnected to protect the equipment.

Varlogic RT6/8/12

Varlogic NR6/12

Varlogic NRC12

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Harmonic Active Filters

The right choice for each needSchneider Electric is specialised in harmonic mitigation objectives and is therefore offering a broad

range of solutions for every demand.We propose solutions which maximize the savings when balanced with the cost of the harmonic

mitigation equipment to get a reasonable Return On Investment (ROI). We propose two different

ranges of active filters: AccuSine SWP and AccuSine PCS which cover a large extent of customer

needs. Their main characteristics are summarized below.

AccuSine SWP AccuSine PCS

UPS, Air handling system

UPS, ground power systems

HVAC, Lifts

HVAC, Lifts

Drilling, extraction pumps

Port cranes

Pumps, UV treatment

Welders, handling equipment

Crushers, conveyors

Pumps, fans, winch

Cable cars, ski lifts

Three or four wire connection (3 phase or 3 phase +

Neutral) 400V supply, other voltages possible with transformers

Units from 20A to 120A, with possible parallel operation

up to 480 A

Cancellation up to the 25th harmonic.

Neutral harmonic correction at 3 times unit rating.

Three wire connection

From 230 V to 480 V supply (higher voltage level possible withtransformer).

Filtering at network level, units from 50 A to 300 A, with possi-

ble parallel operation up to 3000 A.

Cancellation up to the 50th harmonic.

PE90051

PE90052

64568

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MV capacitors

Description

A medium-voltagePropivar NGcapacitor takes the form of a metalenclosure with terminals on top. This enclosure contains a set of

capacitor elements. Wired in series-parallel groups, they can form

unit elements of high power for high network voltages.

CompositionThe capacitor elements forming the Propivar capacitors are made of:

aluminium sheet armatures,

polypropylene films,

a PCB, chlorine-free dielectric fluid.

Main characteristicsPropivar capacitors have a long service life increased by their thermal

resistance and their low losses, their chemical stability and their

resistance to over-voltage and over-current.

Wide temperature range

Chemical stability

High over-voltage and over-current resistance

Other caracteristics

Operating frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz

Temperature range -25 to +50C

Average loss factor at 20C after

stabilization

0.16 W/kvar with internal fuses

0.12 W/kvar without internal fuse

Maximum nominal reactive power Three-phase capacitor 600 kvar

Double-phase capacitor 800 kvar

Single-phase capacitor 1000 kvar

Single-phase Propivar NG

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Industrial application

Applications Motor compensation Industrial compensation Industrial compensationFixed bank Automatic bank Automatic bank

Reference CP214 CP214SAH* CP253 CP253SAH*

Three-lines diagrams

Maximum voltage Up to 12 kV Up to 12kV Up to 12 kV

Connection mode Three-phase capacitors with delta connection Three-phase capacitors Three-phase capacitorsup to 900 kvar, up to 900 kvar,single-phase capacitors single-phase capacitorswith double star with double star

connection above connection above

Type of protection HRC fuses (**) HRC fuses HRC fuses

Maximum power**** 2 x 450, i.e. 900 kvar Up to 4500 kvar Up to 4000 kvar

Comments

* SAH: Detuning Reactor

** HRC: High Rupturing Capacity

*** CT: Current Transformer

**** For larger power rating, please contact us

CP 214 CP 227SAH CP 253 CP 254

PE90107

PB1

01996_

SE

PB1

02003_

SE

PB1

02001_

SE

DE90082

DE90082

DE90082

DE90082

MV capacitor banks

Up to 900kvar: with 3-phase

capacitors. Above 900kvar:

single-phasecapacitors with

double star conection

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All applications Energy application

Global compensation Distribution system Distribution system Distribution Fixed bank Large sites Fixed bank and Transport system Automatic bank Fixed bank

CP227 CP254 CP229 CP230

Up to 36kV From 12 to 36 kV Up to 36 kV Above 36 kV

Single-phase capacitors with double star connection Single-phase capacitorswith double star

or H connection

Unbalance by CT*** Unbalance by CT*** and relayand relay

12 x 600, i.e. 7200 kvar 12 x 480, i.e. 5760 kvar Please contact us Please contact us

SAH* on request SAH* on request SAH* on request SAH* on request

CP 229 CP 230

PE90108

PE90084

DE90082

DE90082

DE90082

DE90082

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They have trusted us

LV capacitor bank

Customer: Ministry of Electricity & Water, Kuwait

Stakes

With increasing load, MEW needed immediate measures for reducing energy consumption. MEW was

facing problems of transformer and switchgear failures, in an overloaded distribution network.

A solution was investigated, without any change in the electricity tariff which is amongst the lowest in

the world. Till a recent past, there was no regulation for reactive energy compensation.

HVAC and lighting constitutes to more than 80% of energy comsumption

Schneider Electric solution

MEW was keen in installing LV PFC equipment because it would allow:

approx. 15 - 20% kVA capacity release, approx. 20 - 25% reduction in tranformer losses.

The equipment is for 240 LV Capacitor Banks + 20 Active Harmonic Filters to be installed in 50 - 75

Substations.

Each capacitor bank includes Power Quality Metering and remote monitoring using PowerLogic ION

7650 meters.

Capacitor banks are fitted with air conditioning systems for outdoor application. Capacitor banks are

rated for a 50C ambient temperature.

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Schneider Electric solution

In order to improve distribution network quality by decreasing reactive energy losses, a reliable

automatic capacitor bank solution for the 20 kV and 25 kV networks was proposed. Fixed and

automatic capacitor banks between 4 and 6 Mvar have been delivered to ENDESA.

MV capacitor bank

Customer: ENDESA, Spain

Stakes

ENDESA manages and operates part of the MV distribution network in Spain. The ENDESA Group

produces 47% of Spains electricity and controls 43% of the distribution in the country.

Electricity supply quality and supply continuity must be irreproachable. Improvement of distribution

network quality depends on decreasing reactive energy losses.

Each capacitor bank includes:

12 or 18 capacitor units with internal fuses connected in

double star

3 inrush current reactors

1 unbalanced CT protection

1 earthing switch for the protection of people

1 SF1 switch + 2 overcurrent protection transformers

(automatic capacitor banks only).

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Active filterMetro-cable, Medellin, Colombia.

Stakes

The Medellin Metro-cable is driven by two 535kW motors, with two 960kW variable speed controllers.

These electronic devices are responsible for harmonic distortion and poor power factor.

Before implementation of correction equipment, the measurement results give:

Power factor: 0.65 to 0.74

Total Demand Distortion: 33 to 52%

Voltage distortion THDu: 5.6 to 6.1%

Harmonic current limits specified by the Utility are exceeded for harmonics 5, 7, 11, 13.

Schneider Electric Solution

For compliance to the Utility regulations and improvement of the Power Factor, active filters have been

selected as the most efficient and flexible solution. Two Accusine PCS Active Harmonic Filters, ratedat 300A each have been implemented.

The following table illustrates the resulting improvement,

for the same operating point:

Without filter With filter

Line current (A) 332.8 156

Current Harmonic distortion (%) 43.7 7

Power Factor 0.66 0.99

Full compliance with Utility regulations is obtained, and power losses

are reduced by 45%.

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Relevant documents published by Schneider Electric

Expert Guide n6:Capacitor protection

Expert Guide n4:Harmonic detection & filtering

Technical Guide 152:Harmonic disturbances in networks, and their treatment

Technical Guide 202: The singularities of the third harmonic

Panel Builders Guide

Reactive Energy Management LV components - Catalogue 2011(PFCED310003EN)

Power Factor Correction and harmonic filtering solutions - MV Catalogue 2010 (CFIED205098EN)

AccuSine - Harmonic filtering and reactive power compensation - Catalogue 2011 (AMTED109015EN)

Harmonic Mitigation Solutions Handbook (SLTED109014EN)

White paper:Controlling the Impact of Power Factor and Harmonics on Energy Efficiency

Relevant websites

http://www.schneider-electric.com

http://www.electrical-installation.org/wiki/Main_Page

https://www.solution-toolbox.schneider-electric.com/segment-solutions

http://engineering.electrical-equipment.org

e-learning

Energy University training course: Power Factor & Harmonics

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Contacts

R. HENRIGeneral Sales Management

+33 4 50 66 95 20

[email protected]

S. RATELEurope, Russia

+33 4 50 66 95 31

[email protected]

P. RICHARDSouth America, Africa

+34 934 84 32 83

[email protected]

M.T. NIGENFrance, Nordic Baltic+33 4 50 66 95 27

[email protected]

T. LE GUILLOUAsia Pacific

+86 10 84 34 66 99

[email protected]

As standards, specications and designs develop from time to time, always ask for comrmation

of the information given in this publication.

Production and design: Schneider Electric

Pictures: Schneider Electric

Schneider Electric Industries SAS

Head Ofce35 rue Joseph Monier

CS 30323

F - 92506 Rueil-Malmaison Cedex

RCS Nanterre 954 503 439

Capital social 896 313 776

This document has been printed on ecological paper

SchneiderElectricIndustriesS

AS

-Allrightsreserved

Medium Voltage

West Chester, Ohio - USA

Low VoltageEst Haven, Connecticut - USA

Rectiphase

Pringy - France

SSAM

Shanga - China

SalemOregon - USA

SE PFC IndiaBangalore

R. BOLDUCCanada, Middle East

+1 613 247 7171

[email protected]

M. TETIUSA, Mexico, South Africa

+1 905 364 3006

[email protected]

S. RAGHAVANIndia, Thailand

+91 80 39 10 20 38

[email protected]

H. BOULOSUSA, Mexico, South Africa

+1 905 364 [email protected]

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