Colonialism Definition: political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a territory and its...
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Transcript of Colonialism Definition: political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a territory and its...
![Page 1: Colonialism Definition: political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a territory and its peoples by a foreign power Context (1500s-1900s): –](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082711/56649ea75503460f94baa5f4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Colonialism• Definition: political, social, economic,
and cultural domination of a territory and its peoples by a foreign power
• Context (1500s-1900s): – seeking sources of precious goods– empire-building, expansion of capitalism,
Industrial Revolution• Goals of colonizers– appropriation of land, labor, natural
resources …plantation economies– control of trade, taxation, state
monopolies– expansion of markets – new
infrastructure– mission civilisatrice – “civilizing mission”
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Nations & States• Nations – group identity tied to
territory• States - defined territory (borders) –
often from colonial era• Monopoly on legitimate use of force
(armed forces)• Central government– Authoritarian? – Democratic?
• Administrative structures and units (states, republics, provinces)
• Management of resources– projects of “development”– issues of environment and
“conservation”
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THE NATION-STATE
• This is obviously a hybrid word, linking the idea of the “nation” with the idea of “state”. While the former refers to what might loosely be termed “people”, that is, to a cultural entity often defined in terms of ethnicity, the latter refers to a set of institutions through which public authority is exercised within a particular territory….’
• (Robert Holton 1998)
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COMMUNICATIONS STATE
• State: exercise of authority on a territory (sovereignity)
• Nation: cultural identity• Examples ?Communications are essential for running a
stateBenedict Anderson: communications create
the state‘Imagined communities’:‘[the state] is an imagined political
community... It is imagined because the members of even the smallest nation will never know most of their fellow-members, meet them, or even hear of them, yet in their minds of each lives the image of their communion’ (Anderson 1983)
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Nations & States, cont.
• Problems:–Mixing, splitting of ethnic groups
(e.g. Kurds)– Colonial era policies favoring one
group– How to manage ethnic diversity– Granting local autonomy– Policies of assimilation and
control• Production of conflict
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Indigenous Peoples and the State
• Definition• descendants of earliest settlers• live in, but do not control gov’t of
the state• Marginalization, stigmatization • State policies and conflict
• intervention, control, takeover, resettlement, cultural modification
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Indigenous Peoples, cont.
• Genocide/Ethnocide/Ecocide – New diseases, killings– Disruption of subsistence
economies and trade relations– Extraction of resources, damaging
ecosystem• Loss of political autonomy– Direct rule/indirect rule – new
power structures and categories– “Superiority” of Europeans – mental
colonialism
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Indigenous Peoples, cont.• Cultural modification
– Language, schooling in dominant language
– Religious conversion
– Laws affecting gender & family
– Laws affecting customs
• ISSUE: clash between small-scale cultures and commercial cultures
• mobility
• extensive land use, questions of “productivity”
• communal property rights
• worldview
• Ethnocentrism: what is progress?