Ch 10 Section 4

Colonial Empires & the American RevolutionCh 10 Section 4Main IdeasThe colonies of Latin America and British North America were developing in ways that differed from their European mother countries.The American colonies revolted against Great Britain and formed a new nation

Questions to think about:What were the chief characteristics of Latin American society?What caused the American Revolution, and what did it accomplish?Colonial Empires in Latin America 16th CenturyPortugal = dominate BrazilSpain = colonial empire in Western HemisphereNorth AmericaCentral AmericaSouth America

Central & South America = Latin AmericaLatin America

Spanish:Dark Purple: to 1640Lavender: to 1750White/light yellow: Jesuit mission states

Portuguese:Dark Green: to 1640Light Green: to 1750

Dutch Colony: orangeFrench Colony: yellow Latin AmericaMultiracial SocietyIntermarriage b/w Europeans and Native Americans: Mestizos (meh-STEE-zohz)300 years as many as 8 million African slaves were brought to Spanish & Portuguese America to work on PlantationsMulattoes: children of Africans and EuropeansEconomySpanish & Portuguese want to make $Gold and silverFarming landowners create large estatesNative Americans either worked on estates or as poor farmers on other landTrade: gold, silver, tobacco, diamonds, sugar, animal hides

Latin AmericaState & ChurchColonial officials had a lot of freedom to carry out imperial policiesChristianize native peoples Catholic missionaries Jesuits, Franciscans, & DominicansBrought native peoples to villages, or missions, to be converted, taught trades, and encouraged to grow cropsCatholic Church built cathedrals, hospitals, orphanages, and schools in the coloniesTaught math, reading, and writingWomen could also do something else than get married - nunsBritain & British North AmericaGovernments of Scotland & England united in 1707British: Scots and EnglishParliamentMake lawsLevy taxesPass the budgetIndirectly influence the ministers of the monarch

Englands Parliament Building not original built in the mid 1800sOriginal burned in a fireBritain & British North AmericaHanoverians dynastyQueen Anne (Stuart) died without an heirProtestant rules of the German state of Hanover took overGeorge I & George II does not know English how does this effect the influence of chief ministers to the monarch?Chief ministers were allowed to handle ParliamentGrowing middle class = want for expansion of trade and Britains empireWilliam Pitt the Elder: Prime Minister known then as head of cabinet Acquired Canada & India in 7 Years War13 colonies in North America: technically British Board of Trade, Royal Council, & Parliament ran the colonies didnt work that wayThe American RevolutionBritain wanted more $....soooo..Stamp Act (1765): required colonists pay a tax on any legal documents & newspapers overturned in 1766 but started a larger disputeColonists meet in the 1st Continental Congress in 1774 PhilidelphiaFighting begins in April 1775 in Lexington & Concord, Mass.Video2nd Continental Congress after fighting and formed the Continental Army George Washington as commander in chiefJuly 4th, 1776 Declaration of Independence based on ideas of John LockeForeign SupportFrench supplied arms and money to the colonistsFrench officers also served in Washingtons army1778 granted diplomatic recognition to American stateSpain & Dutch helped tooWar ends in 1781 in Yorktown

Treaty of Paris signed in 1783Recognized independence of American coloniesControl of the western territory from the Appalachians to the Mississippi River

Birth of a New NationThe creation of the Constitution = Enlightenment concepts of liberty and representative government a realityThe new states were wary of a united nation with a strong central government1787: 55 delegates meet Constitutional ConventionFederal system in which power is shared between national government and state governmentsNational/federal gov: levy taxes, raise an army, regulate trade, & create currencyFederal Gov: 3 branches: Legislative, Executive, JudicialBranches of Government Checks & BalancesExecutivePresident serves as chief executiveExecute lawsVetoSupervise foreign affairsDirect military forcesLegislativeHouse of Representatives (elected directly by the people) & Senate (elected by state legislatures)JudicialSupreme Court and other courts as deemed necessaryThe Bill of Rights1789: 12 amendments 10 approvedGuarantee freedom of:ReligionSpeechPressPetitionAssemblyBear armsTrial by juryDue process of lawProtection of property rightsProtection against unreasonable searchesAmerican Revolution = Enlightenments political dreams

Impact of the EnlightenmentDiscussion