Empire, War, & Colonial Rebellion. 18th Century Empires European countries during the 18th century...
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Transcript of Empire, War, & Colonial Rebellion. 18th Century Empires European countries during the 18th century...
18th Century Empires18th Century Empires
European countries during the 18th century used empires to promote mercantilism, and improve their economic status.
Trade rivalries developed causing great strain among the European powers.
Boundaries of empires established in the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713.
Source of ConflictSource of Conflict
There were three major zones of conflict:There were three major zones of conflict:
Central Europe (Hapsburgs and Hohenzollerns)Central Europe (Hapsburgs and Hohenzollerns) Eastern Europe (Russian growth at expense of Eastern Europe (Russian growth at expense of
Ottomans and Poland)Ottomans and Poland) Colonies (British vs. French rivalry in north Colonies (British vs. French rivalry in north
America and India)America and India)
French & British RivalryFrench & British Rivalry
North America was a major source of conflict between France and Britain. Competition among colonists Conflict over fishing rights and fur trade. Competition among each other to gain
alliances with Native American tribes. India was another source of conflict.
Competition for trade between the British East India Company and French trading companies.
Rivalry in IndiaRivalry in India The government of India was weakening
during the 18th century. France and Britain both saw it as an
opportunity to expand their control of the region. Both countries attempted to gain control of the
government in India. Joseph Dupleix of France Robert Clive of England
Each country attempted to stop the other from government control of India.
Pragmatic Sanction (1713)Pragmatic Sanction (1713)
Designed to ensure that the Austrian throne Designed to ensure that the Austrian throne and Habsburg lands would be inherited by and Habsburg lands would be inherited by Emperor Charles VI's daughter, Maria Emperor Charles VI's daughter, Maria Theresa. Theresa.
War of the Austrian SuccessionWar of the Austrian Succession1740 - 17481740 - 1748
In 1740, Frederick the Great of Prussia seized the Austrian province of Silesia. Claimed he was not bound to the Pragmatic Sanction. Silesia had rich farmland along with large iron
deposits. Its population was largely German speaking
The seizure of Silesia began the War of the Austrian Succession.
European WarEuropean War France sided with Prussia (Feared a strong
united Germany under Hapsburg rule) Britain, Russia, and the Dutch Netherlands
sided with Austria.
King George’s War (1744-1748)King George’s War (1744-1748)
North American war between France and North American war between France and Great BritainGreat Britain
Neither country gained nor lost much Neither country gained nor lost much
Results of Austrian SuccessionResults of Austrian Succession
Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle - 1748Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle - 1748 Frederick kept Silesia which guaranteed Frederick kept Silesia which guaranteed
another waranother war Status quo maintainedStatus quo maintained
Diplomatic RevolutionDiplomatic Revolution
While Maria Theresa prepared for another While Maria Theresa prepared for another war, her foreign minister worked to separate war, her foreign minister worked to separate Prussia from FrancePrussia from France
Diplomatic Revolution -1756Diplomatic Revolution -1756
Austria forged an alliance with ancient Austria forged an alliance with ancient Bourbon rival…FranceBourbon rival…France
Russia saw Prussia as hindrance to Russia saw Prussia as hindrance to expansion and allied with Austria and expansion and allied with Austria and FranceFrance
Great Britain allied with PrussiaGreat Britain allied with Prussia
The Seven Years WarThe Seven Years War 1756-17631756-1763
Involved almost every European country. Fought not only in Europe but also India and the Americas.
The French and Indian Wars
At one time, Prussia was surrounded by enemies in Europe. With British aid, Frederick was able to hold off invasion.
Complexion of war changed when Russia changed sides and joined Prussia.
Treaty of Hubertusburg ended the war. Prussia allowed to keep Silesia and balance of power
maintained
IndiaIndia
France vs. Great BritainFrance vs. Great Britain British under Robert Clive decisively defeat British under Robert Clive decisively defeat
the French the French Britain became the dominant European
power in India.
French and Indian War 1756-1763French and Indian War 1756-1763
William Pitt the Elder (PM) “The Battle for William Pitt the Elder (PM) “The Battle for North America was won on the fields of North America was won on the fields of Europe”Europe”
Major victory for Great Britain over FranceMajor victory for Great Britain over France
Results of French and Indian WarResults of French and Indian War
France lost Canada to Great Britain (GB)France lost Canada to Great Britain (GB) France lost all possessions east of France lost all possessions east of
Mississippi River to GBMississippi River to GB
Importance of the WarImportance of the War American colonists no longer needed protection
from Britain
The debts France incurred in this war and in the American Revolution helped cause the French Revolution.
Importance of the WarImportance of the War Prussia survived and confirmed its place as
an important European power.
Russia showed itself to be a major power
capable of enormous influence.