Cold War Review
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Transcript of Cold War Review
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Chapters 18, 19, 20
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PICTURE
START
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Essay Question: What was the Cold War?
Define U.S. Goals vs. Soviet Goals Strategies/Policies (Doctrines) Alliances Key Places Key Events
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Korean War (1950-1953)
Causes: North Korean Aggression/Invasion China Influence Containment/Truman DoctrineSignificance 38th Parallel Chinese involvement MacArthur vs. Truman
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Legacy of the Korean War 1st armed confrontation of the Cold
War. Created the idea of “limited war.” Expanded the Cold War to Asia. Created the heavily guarded De-
militarized Zone (DMZ) which still exists today.
Contributed to the 2nd Red Scare.
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The Shipping Miracle: The Berlin Airlift (June 48 – May 49) Early Cold War Crisis West Berlin’s location Response to the Berlin Blockade “Impossible” feat 1 plane landed every minutes The Hero:
The Father of the Berlin Airlift Held the city in defiance to the Soviets.
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The Shipping Miracle: The Berlin Airlift (June 48 – May 49)Outcome Demonstrated the stubborn will of
the U.S. to uphold Cold War policies.
U.S. looked good Soviets looked bad Candy Bomber lifts the spirits of the German kids.
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The Berlin Airlift
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Bay of Pigs – April 1961
The Bay of Pigs is a small, southern inlet on the island of Cuba. (Bay of Triggerfish)
It was a failed invasion in attempt to overthrow the Cuban dictator Fidel Castro. Eisenhower’s Idea Headed by the CIA (approved by JFK) Main force was Cuban exiles trained by the CIA.
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Bay of Pigs
Immediate Outcome:Totally unsuccessful.115 Killed/1,189 CapturedEmbarrassment for the U.S.
Long Term Effects:More Soviet weapons for Cuba.Increased hostility between the 2
nations.Helped pave the way for the Cuban
Missile Crisis.U.S. = “looked like fools to our
friends, rascals to our enemies, and incompetents to the rest.”
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Cuban Missile Crisis–October 1962 The U.S. confronted Cuba and the Soviet Union about nuclear weapons that had been placed 90 miles from the U.S.
Kennedy issued a “quarantine” to restrict more ships with weapons from going to Cuba.
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Cuban Missile CrisisResult: Both Kennedy and Khrushchev feared the
start of a nuclear war. They successfully negotiated an agreement to
end the stand-off. Soviet Union had to remove missiles from Cuba U.S. had to remove missiles from Turkey
(secretly).
Outcome: The world was saved. Khrushchev loses power.
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Cuban Missile CrisisLong Term Effects: Hot-Line Created: a direct line between
the White House and the Kremlin for communication between the two.
Limited Test Ban Treaty: barred nuclear testing in the atmosphere.
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contrast of cold war presidents
KennedyTrumanEisenhower
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What was the Cold War?
Period of conflict, tension, and competition between the U.S. & Russia (USSR) from 1945 – 1991.
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What was the United States’ policy in the Cold War in dealing with Russia?
Containment: Stopping the spread of Communism
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What is the term given to the Eastern European nations that were dominated by the Soviet Union?
Satellite Nations
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What was the purpose of NATO?
Defensive military alliance between the U.S. and it’s allies.
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What was the defensive military alliance for the Communists?
The Warsaw Pact
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What is the significance of the 38th Parallel?
Dividing line between North & South Korea Where the Korean War began, and ended Dividing line between Communism and Democracy
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Who was the Commanding General for the United Nations in Korea and what did he want to do with the war?
General MacArthur wanted to nuke China.
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What group help topple governments in Iran and Guatemala?
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
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What was the foreign policy proposed by John F. Dulles that used the threat of all-out nuclear war?
Brinkmanship
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How did the Marshall Plan help to contain Communism in Europe?
By giving loans to countries whose economies were weak and vulnerable.
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What did the Iron Curtain divide?
Divided Europe in half symbolically and physically between Communism and Democracy.
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What action brought vital supplies to a region blockaded by the Soviet Union?
The Berlin Airlift
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What is a “blacklist”?
A list that denies rights or privileges to the people on the list.
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What was the purpose of the Hollywood “blacklist”?
To deny jobs to people that were suspected of having a communist background.
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What is Joseph McCarthy’s claim to fame?
He sought out suspected Communists in the government.
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What did Alger Hiss and the Rosenberg’s have in common?
They were Communist spies.
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What government organization made news by going after suspected Communists in Hollywood?
HUAC (The House Un-American Activities Committee)
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Who was the leader of the Soviet Union from 1953-1964 and how do you spell his name?
Nikita Khrushchev
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How did the U2 Spy Plane incident affect Cold War relations?
The Soviet leader Khrushchev called off an invitation to meet with Eisenhower. – Tensions grew…
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How did the Beat Movement signify a growing social conflict in the 1950’s?
The beatniks were non-conformists who disliked the mainstream culture - later would lead to other groups.
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How did Rock n’ Roll demonstrate racial problems during the 1950’s?
Many black artists inspired the rock n’ roll movement but did not receive the same fanfare.
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What was the failed invasion of Cuba?
The Bay of Pigs
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Who lost the 1960 presidential election?
Richard Nixon
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1960 Election Notes
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What divider separated West Berlin from East Germany?
The Berlin Wall
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Who ordered the wall to be built?
Nikita Khrushchev
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Why was Kennedy’s religious beliefs important in the 1960 election?
He was Roman Catholic; people were worried about the Pope’s influence.
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How did the Cuban Missile Crisis end?
Khrushchev agreed to remove the missiles as long as the U.S. promised not to invade Cuba and removed its own missiles from Turkey.
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What was the new communication method created to help ease Cold War tensions?
The Hot Line
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What did the Limited Test Ban Treaty accomplish?
It barred nuclear testing in the atmosphere.