World War II to the Cold War

Class History Project Review

Holocaust

Allies Anti-Semitism Blitzkrieg Concentration

Camps Genocide Great Depression

Holocaust Kristallnacht The Nazi (National

Socialist German Worker’s) Party

Scapegoat Treaty of Versailles

Match the picture to a vocabulary word

A. B.

Match a picture to vocabulary word

Children at War

Children in Europe were often sent away from home for their safety (America, Canada, or even just outside of the large cities in England)

Jewish children were also victims of the Holocaust

A relief effort, Kindertransport, was organized by British Quakers and others, to rescue Jewish children.

British children ‘evacuees’

Leaders of World War II

Who was the Prime Minister of Great Britain?

Who was the dictator of Germany?

Who was the President of the United States?

Who was the leader of the Soviet Union?

Leaders of World War II

Winston Churchill “Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few”.

Adolf Hitler “How fortunate for governments that the people they administer do not think”.

Franklin Roosevelt: “The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be by our doubts of today”.

Joseph Stalin: “The people who cast the votes decide nothing. The people who count the votes decide everything”.

The Iron Curtain

From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and, in many cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow. Athens alone-Greece with its immortal glories-is free to decide its future at an election under British, American and French observation. The Russian-dominated Polish Government has been encouraged to make enormous and wrongful inroads upon Germany, and mass expulsions of millions of Germans on a scale grievous and undreamed-of are now taking place. The Communist parties, which were very small in all these Eastern States of Europe, have been raised to pre-eminence and power far beyond their numbers and are seeking everywhere to obtain totalitarian control. Police governments are prevailing in nearly every case, and so far, except in Czechoslovakia, there is no true democracy.

Communism vs. Capitalism

“From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs”.

Karl Marx, co-author of The Communist Manifesto (1848)

“Every man, as long as he does not violate the laws of justice, is left perfectly free to pursue his own interest in his own way, and to bring his industry and capital into competition with those of any other men…”

Adam Smith, author of The Wealth of Nations (1776)

Communism vs. Capitalism—economic systems Communism Industry/agriculture

owned by the state The government

controls all aspects of people’s lives

Common work for the good of the state

Command economy—government sets price/goods

Capitalism People work for

individual pay Some rich/some poor—

movement between classes

People are free to choose/compete. Harder work—more money

Limits on government influence on people’s lives

The Cold War

Starts in 1945 after the end of World War II

Difference about the ideals of communism & democracy; communism & capitalism

Stalin (USSR dictator) places all of the Eastern Europe under the control of Soviet Union

Tensions build up. Countries form alliances. The war is “cold”.

The Cold War…continued

NATONorth Atlantic Treaty

Organization: United States & Western Europe

Warsaw Pact Soviet Union (USSR)

and countries of Eastern Europe

Building the Berlin Wall - 1961

Berlin Wall….

From Stettin in the Baltic to

Collapse of the Soviet Union

In 1989, the Berlin Wall was torn down. East and West Germany were re-united. Eastern European countries became

independent of Soviet influence. Many new countries were created from

former Soviet republics The Soviet Union dissolved and the

country became Russia again.