Cold War / Eisenhower Years
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Transcript of Cold War / Eisenhower Years
Cold WarEisenhower Years
Eisenhower YearsWas a famous WW2 GeneralCommanded Operation Overlord aka… D-DayShort biography: click here
Brinksmanship= massive retaliation
Diplomatic policy of going to the edge of all out war against the USSRJohn Foster Dulles, Secretary of State for Eisenhower (1953-1961)Brinksmanship was a way to stop spread of communism with the threat of war
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)
United States Belgium Britain Canada Denmark France Iceland Italy
Luxemburg Netherlands Norway Portugal 1952: Greece &
Turkey 1955: West
Germany 1983: Spain
Warsaw Pact (1955)
} U. S. S. R.} Albania} Bulgaria} Czechoslovak
ia
} East Germany
} Hungary} Poland} Rumania
H Bomb
Twenty times more powerful than the first atomic bomb, it inaugurated the start of a terrifying arms race
Click Here
The Ideological StruggleSoviet &
Eastern Bloc Nations[“Iron
Curtain”]
US & the Western
Democracies
GOAL spread world-wide Communism
GOAL “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world.[George Kennan]
METHODOLOGIES: Espionage [KGB vs. CIA] Arms Race [nuclear escalation] Ideological Competition for the minds and
hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy] “proxy wars”
Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]
Space Race starts in 1957
Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite, was launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957.
Sputnik 2 carried the first living creature into orbit, a small female dog named Laika.
SPACE RACE:
USA forms NASA in order to keep up with the Russians
Escape from cities in case of nuclear attackEasy way to move troops in case of attackEconomically a winner… transporting goods
U 2 Spy Plane Incident1960
USSR shoots down USA spy plane over RussiaSpy flight unauthorized and cause of embarrassment to USAPilot:
Francis Gary Powers
U2 Incident 1960
Powers was jailed in Russia until Feb. 1962
Eisenhower starts CIA
Central Intelligence AgencyMission is to gather information and carry out secret missions to weaken or overthrow nations unfriendly to the USA
CIA: Central Intelligence Agency / Spies
CIA helps – IRAN (1953) and puts
Shah in power– Guatemala (1954)– Conducts spy work
throughout the world to stop communism
1956 Hungarian Uprising
Kruschev becomes leader of USSR in 1956Hungary protestors turn violent against their RUSSIAN occupiers.Russians send in tanks.
Eisenhower Doctrine
USA to provide $$$ and aid to Middle East nations who would avoid alliance with Communism
U 2 Spy Plane Incident1960
USSR shoots down USA spy plane over RussiaSpy flight unauthorized and cause of embarrassment to USAPilot:
Francis Gary Powers
John F. Kennedy (JFK) became president after Eisenhower
JFKEisenhower: IKE