COLD WAR CONFLICTS

TWO NATIONS LIVE ON THE EDGE

REVIEW

• US and Soviet Union become suspicious of each other• Germany is split into democratic West and

Communist East• Berlin too…• Iron Curtain• Korean War• HUAC• McCarthyism

MAIN IDEA

• During the 1950s, the United States and the Soviet Union came to the brink of nuclear war

• Why it matters now• The Cold War continued into the following decades,

affecting US policies in Cuba, Central America, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East

OBJECTIVES

• Define the policy of brinkmanship

• Describe instances of containment throughout the Middle East and Latin America

• Compare and Contrast Stalin and Khrushchev

BRINKMANSHIP RULES U.S. POLICY

• The Soviets explode their first atomic bomb in 1949• An arms race had begun• President Truman decides that America needs to

develop an even stronger weapon

RACE FOR THE H-BOMB

• H-Bomb – Hydrogen bomb with the force of 1 million tons of TNT• Arguments over the morality of creating such a

weapon• The US decides to develop the bomb before the

Soviets can• The US wins the race in 1952… The Soviets

develop their own bomb a year later…

THE POLICY OF BRINKMANSHIP

• Dwight D. Eisenhower – president when both countries had developed the H-bomb

• John Foster Dulles – secretary of state that was extremely anti-communist

• Under Eisenhower the policy of brinkmanship, all out war with the use of H-bombs, goes into effect

• Fear of nuclear war becomes a constant in daily life

CHECKPOINT

• Define the policy of brinkmanship.

• Brinkmanship, as a policy, is .

COLD WAR SPREADS AROUND THE WORLD

• Central Intelligent Agency (CIA) – uses spies to gather information from other countries. They carry out covert, or secret, operations• The CIA responded to potential “unfriendly”

governments in the Middle East and Latin America

WARSAW PACT

• In 1955, Western Germany was able to join NATO and build up an army• The Soviet Union responded by creating the

Warsaw Pact – linked the Soviet Union with 7 Eastern European nations• Eisenhower met the Soviets in Geneva to try and

develop an “open skies” proposal

WAR IN THE MIDDLE EAST

• Eisenhower Doctrine – Said the United States would defend the Middle East against a communist attack

HUNGARIAN UPRISING

• Hungary was a Soviet satellite nation that wanted a democratic government

• They revolted against Soviet rule

• The Soviets responded by sending tanks into the cities killing 30,000 Hungarians

• America did not apply the Truman Doctrine to Hungary because it was a satellite nation

CHECKPOINT

• Which agency did the United States create as a secret organization that held secret missions to stop the spread of communism throughout the world?

• The was created to weaken or overthrow “unfriendly” governments around the world.

THE COLD WAR TAKES TO THE SKIES

• After Stalin’s death, Nikita Khrushchev came into power. He wanted to spread communism all over the world but he wished to do so peacefully.

• Competition between the US and the Soviets turned toward economics and science

• The Soviets got the first satellite into space (sputnik)

• Americans were shocked by being beaten. The US got a satellite into space the following year

A U-2 IS SHOT DOWN

• The US started to fly U-2 planes, that could not be detected, at high altitudes over the Soviet Union

• These flights took pictures of troop movements and missile sites• Francis Gary Powers was a U-2 pilot that was shot down by the Soviets• Eisenhower initially denied there was a flight but the Soviets had evidence• This event in 1960 opened the decade to renewed tensions between the

US and the Soviet Union

CHECKPOINT

• How was Khrushchev and Stalin alike? How were they different?

• Khrushchev was like Stalin because .• Stalin and Khrushchev were not completely alike

because .