Cold WarBeginnings, Conflicts, Colapse

Beginnings

• Prior to World War II– No country really knows what to

make of the USSR•Not much info leaves• So different from anywhere else

Beginnings

• World War II–USSR stayed out at first• Signed treaty with Germany•Only lead to more questions

–Joined Allies after Germany attacks

Beginnings

• End of War Conferences–USSR and Joseph Stalin started to

push USA• Felt as though they had held Europe

for years before USA entered• Saw the ability to further

Communism

Stalin

Big Three

Churchill Roosevelt Stalin

Later Conferences

Attlee Truman Stalin

Beginnings

• Post WWII Europe–USSR refused to withdraw fro

areas it had taken from Germany–Stay in Eastern Europe and create

“Iron Curtain”•Angers USA - Democracy

Pre WW I Europe

Post WWII Europe

Road to Conflict

• USSR wanted to spread Communism • USA followed policy of

Containment–Keep Communism were it existed

Cold War Conflicts

• Even though the USA and the USSR never directly fought each other, they did participate in a number of “proxy wars”–Proxy War – supported others as a

way of fighting

Korea

• Prior to WWII Korea was occupied by Japan–Was not treated very well• Japan tried to get rid of Korean

culture and make it Japanese

Korea

• Post WWII–USSR supported/occupied North

Korea–USA supported/occupied South

Korea

Korea

• USA approached the UN about a solution–UN suggested elections•North Korea refuses•Communists in South Korea boycott

Korea

• Election Results–Syngman Ree elected to head

South Korean government–Kim Il-Sung placed in charge of

North Korea

Korea• Outbreak of War–June 25, 1950 – North Korea

invaded South Korea•USSR saw this as a way to spread

communism – backed North Korea•USA wanted to contain communism

– backed South Korea

•China wanted buffer in case of USA attack – backed North Korea

Korea

• Fighting–North Korea pushed deep into

South Korea before USA and UN intervention–Pushed back and remained

relatively stable for a couple of years

Korea

• End of the War–Armistice (cease fire)was signed on

July 27, 1953•No peace treaty was ever signed–Still a state of war between North

Korea and South Korea

Korea

• Casualties:–USA: 33,652–South Korea: 227,800–North Korea: about 600,00–China:110,400

Vietnam

• Prior to WWII–France had controlled the area

from 1884 until the Japanese take it in 1940

Vietnam

• WWII–Viet Minh – group opposed to both

French occupation and Japanese occupation• Supported by both USA and China–They didn’t like Japan

Vietnam• Post WWII–China helped disarm Japanese in

North–England helped disarm Japanese in

Ssout

–Ho Chi Minh wanted independence–France wanted territories back

Vietnam

• French recognize Ho Chi Minh’s government, but create a separate South controlled by them–Ho Chi Minh is NOT HAPPY

Vietnam

• Fist Indochina War–Eight year fight between Viet Minh

(North Vietnam) and the French

Vietnam

• 1950–China and USSR recognize North

Vietnam–USA begins to send aid to the

French in Vietnam

Vietnam• 1954 – North Vietnam defeated

the French–Agreed that elections would be

held within two years to determine whether to stay separate or the unify•USA sends aid to South, USSR to

North

Vietnam

• Build-up to War–South refused to participate in

elections–USSR suggested that two separate

Vietnams exist•USA refused because they refused to

recognize North Vietnam

War

• 1959 – North Vietnam declares a war to unite all of Vietnam–USA began sending “advisors” in

early 1960’s• Turned into Special Forces and then

combat troops

Vietnam

• USA involvement–Air bombings–Ground troops

Vietnam• End–Cease fire signed Jan. 27, 1973–USA withdraws troops, but leaves

some Marines behind

–April 1975 – South Vietnam falls – now one Vietnam run by North

Cuban Missile Crisis

Cuban Missile Crisis

• Background–1959 - Fidel Castro came to power•USA doesn’t like him!

–1960 – Cuba aligned with USSR–1961 – USA broke off relations with

Cuba

Cuban Missile Crisis

• Beginnings–April 1962 – Bay of Pigs Invasion•USA backed Cuban nationals landed

and tried to overthrow Castro–FAILURE!!!!!!!!!–Castro turns to USSR for help

Cuban Missile Crisis

• September 11, 1962–USSR warned that an attack on

Cuba would lead to a war with USSR

Cuban Missile Crisis

• U2 planes–October 14, 1962 – took pictures of

missile sites in Cuba•Military asked Kennedy to authorize

an airstrike

U2

OOPS!!!

I meant U2

Missile Sites

Cuban Missile Crisis

• October 18-28 Kennedy and Khrushchev negotiated over missiles

• Meanwhile, Soviet were sailing across the sea

Cuban Missile Crisis

• USA placed a barricade around Cuba–USA would stop and search any

boat going to Cuba–Soviets turned all ships except one

back

The Boat

Cuban Missile Crisis

• USA went to DEFCON 2–One more step and nuclear

missiles would be fired

Cuban Missile Crisis

• Agreement–USSR would not place missiles in

Cuba–USA would not attack Cuba• Secretly – USA would remove

missiles from Turkey

Cuban Missile Crisis

• Embargo of Cuba is still in effect today–Lessening now that Fidel Castro

has handed power to his brother Raul

Afghanistan

• Background–Civil War was going on already in

Afghanistan–Hazifullah Amin was being attacked

by Muhajideen•Group of Muslim fundamantalists

Afghanistan

• USSR sent paratroopers into Kabul on December 25, 1979–Said they were invited in to protect

Amin• Shot him and replaced him with

Babrak Kamal two days later

Afghanistan

• For ten years, USSR tried to fight Mujahideen–Known as the USSR’s Vietnam•Mostly young, unprepared recruits• Equipment fell apart (boots lasted 7-

10 days)•Couldn’t use heavy artillary

Afghanistan

• Muhajideen–Mix of different groups–Supported by USA through CIA• Surface to air missiles

–Knew terrain and weather

Afghanistan

Afghanistan

• World Reaction–UN Security Council voted on

resolution condemning the invasion•Vetoed by USSR

–USA boycotted Olympics (Summer 1980)–USA cut the sale of grain to USSR

Afghanistan

• The End–Mikhail Gorbachev withdrew

troops when it was realized that USSR couldn’t win

Afghanistan

• The end was just the beginning–War continued–Taliban rose•9/11•USA’s response–Current situation

Cracks in Communism

• The USSR and the Communist Bloc faced problems through out the Cold War

Cracks in Communism

• Khrushchev–Secret Speech (1956)•Condemned Stalin and his actions–Signaled a new type of Soviet leader–Seen as a sign that USSR would be

more tolerant

Cracks in Communism

• Poland – June 1956–Poznan Uprisings•People demanded food and a say in

government–Khrushchev threatened to send the

Red Army, but backed down

Poland

Cracks in Communism

• Hungary – October 1956–The people had seen what

happened in Poland• Tried the same thing–Khrushchev threatened to send the

Red Army and this time did»Crushed uprising

Hungary

Hungary

Cracks in Communism

• Berlin Wall–As many as 1000 people a day left

the Communist Bloc Countries through Berlin–August 13, 1961 – a 27 mile barbed

wire fence was put up to “protect people from the West”

• Berlin Wall–1962 a second wall ,100 yards from

the first was erected. The area in between was demolished and called a “dead zone”•Anyone in that area would be shot

Cracks in Communism

• Berlin Wall–Turned into a system of walls

around West Berlin•Cut mail, telephone, subway service

to West Berlin•Purpose – to keep people in East

Berlin

Berlin Wall

Berlin Wall

Berlin Wall

Berlin Wall

Fall of Communism

• USSR was starting to have economic problems–USA was spending on military and

the USSR felt in needed to keep up• They couldn’t product military goods

and civilian goods at the same time–Shortages of food and goods occurred

Lines

Fall of Communism

• Mikhail Gorbachev–Comes to power in 1985–Begins to make big changes

Fall of Communism

• Perestroika–Democracy•Move away from centralized power

–Move towards a free market system

Fall of Communism

• Glastnost–Openness in government of USSR•Allowed criticism•Attempt to combat corruption

Fall of Communism

• Foreign Policy of Gorbachev–Ended aid to East Bloc countries–Worked with USA to limit and

reduce nuclear weapons

Reagan and Gorbachev

Fall of Communism

• Countries begin to get rid of Communist governments–Poland, Hungary and

Czechoslovakia –Berlin Wall falls November 9, 1989•Border was opened and people tear

down the wall

Fall of the Wall

Fall of Communism

• 1991–Soviet republics start to pull out• Latvia• Lithuania• Estonia

Fall of Communism

• August 1991–USSR fully disintegrates and ceases

to exist as of December 8, 1991