Cold War

1945-1960

Ending World War II

Ending the WarObjectives

• What was the Purpose of the Yalta Agreement?

• What impact did America have on Post War Japan?

Terms

• NUREMBERG TRIALS

• Harry Truman

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• If they split Iowa in half. Which side would live in?

• Why?

• You can’t live in the circle

YALTA AGREEMENTS

• Yalta Agreements– 1) They agreed to divide Germany into 4

occupied zones after the war– 2) Stalin agreed to free elections in Eastern

Europe– 3) Stalin agreed to help the U.S. in the war

against Japan and to join the United Nations

• Big Three– USSR,UK, USA

Creation of two Germanys

• Green- Pro USA

• Red- Pro USSR

NUREMBERG WAR TRIALS

• “I was only following orders”

• 12 of the 24 were sentenced to death and the others to life in prison

• The Trial – Hitler’s death camps– 24 surviving Nazi

leaders on trial for crimes against humanity

– The trials were held in Nuremberg, Germany

THE OCCUPATION OF JAPAN

• During the seven- year occupation, – Reshaped Japan’s economy by

introducing free-market practices(like the USA)

– Introduced a liberal constitution(Voting, like the USA)

• Japan was occupied by U.S. forces under the command of General MacArthur

New Leadership

• Roosevelt’s Dies• Truman in

Ending the WarObjectives

• What was the Purpose of the Yalta Agreement?– 1) Divide Germany into

4 occupied zones– 2) Free elections in

Eastern Europe– 3) Creation of the

United Nations• What impact did America

have on Post War Japan?– Installed Capitalism– Installed Democracy

Terms

• NUREMBERG TRIALS– Nazi leaders on trial for

crimes against humanity

• Harry Truman– President after FDR

Origins of the Cold War

Origins of the Cold WarObjectives

• What were the philosophical differences between the USSR and USA – Eastern Europe– German Economy– Ideal Government– Ideal Economy

Terms

• Cold War

• Harry Truman

• Which best explains a Cold War?– A. State of hostilities without direct military conflict– B. State of hostilities with leads to war– C. Countries stop trading with each other– D. Peaceful relationships between two countries

• Which best explains a Cold War?– A. State of hostilities without direct military conflict– B. State of hostilities with leads to war– C. Countries stop trading with each other– D. Peaceful relationships between two countries

OriginsWhat is a cold war?

Definition: State of hostilities without direct military conflict

After WWII the USSR and USA became the two leading super powers in the world

Philosophical Differences• Eastern Europe

– USA- Independence • Allow them to vote for leaders

– USSR- Soviet Controlled • Replace with pro soviet leader

– Create a Buffer Zone

• German Economy– USA- Help Germany

• Stronger Germany = Weaker USSR

– USSR- Hurt Germany• Weaker Germany =

Stronger USSR

Philosophical Differences• Ideal Economy

– Capitalism- • Little Gov’t control

– Lassiz Faire• Freedom of choices by consumers

– Communist • Major Gov’t control

– Collectivism• Lack of choices

• Ideal Government– Democracy

• Multiple Parties- People pick leaders

– Totalitarian • One Party- Party picks

leaders

Origins of the Cold WarObjectives

• What were the philosophical differences between the USSR and USA – Eastern Europe

• USA-Independent• USSR-Soviet Controlled

– German Economy• USA-Help• USSR-Hurt

– Ideal Government• USA-Democracy• USSR-Totalitarian

– Ideal Economy• USA-Capitalism• USSR-Communism

Terms

• Cold War– Indirect military contact

• Harry Truman– President after FDR

Main Philosophical Differences

USA USSR

Eastern Europe Independent countries

Soviet control

German Economy Rebuild Keep it low and unstable

Ideal Economy Capitalism Communism

Government Democracy Totalitarian

Cold War in Europe

• If America was going to give money to help struggling counties, who should they give it too?

• A. Countries that are democratic• B. Countries that trade with us• C. Countries that speak our language • D. There should be not criteria- Help anyone

Cold War in EuropeObjectives

• What major statement did the USA make with the Truman Doctrine?

• What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan and who did it mainly help?

Terms

Iron Curtain

Berlin Blockade

Berlin Airlift

Cold War- Eastern EuropeStalin established communist

dictatorships in Soviet occupied countriesPoland, Romania, Bulgaria,

Hungary, Yugoslavia, Albania, Czechoslovakia

They were puppets of the USSR

• British Prime Mister- Winston Churchill- “An Iron Curtain has descended across Eastern Europe”

Cold War in Southeast EuropeGreek Civil War

Greek Communist vs. Greek Anti-Communist

Truman Doctrine"support free peoples against

outside pressures,”Gave 400 million in economic

and military aid

ImportanceUSA will support FREE PEOPLE

( Protect Democratic Countries) Against OUTSIDE PRESSURES

(USSR/Communism)

Premier Nikita Khrushchev

USSR RESPONSE • “About the capitalist

states, it doesn't depend on you whether we (Soviet Union) exist.”

• “If you don't like us, don't accept our invitations, and don'tinvite us to come to see you. Whether you like it our not, history is on our side. We will bury you.” -- 1956

Cold War in GermanyBerlin Blockade

USSR Stopped Allies from supplying West Berlin

Berlin Airlift Allies sent Berlin supplies

by planeDaily for 10 months

Berlin Blockade & Airlift (1948-49)

USA becomes proactiveWestern Europe

DevastationWWII left cities, towns,

and farms in ruinsUSE AMERICAN MONEY

TO STOP COMMUISM

Marshall Plan- Europe Recovery Program13 billion in Relief to western

EuropeStronger Western Europe =

Stop expansion of communism

Marshall Plan

• Biggest Gainers• Britain• France• Italy• W.Germany• Netherlands

Marshall Plan Clip

Example of Recovery

Cold War in EuropeObjectives

• What major statement did the USA make with the Truman Doctrine? USA adopts a policy of

containment• Contain communism• Protect capitalism

• What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan and who did it mainly help?– It provided money and

resources to countries after WWII

– Mainly to Western Europe

Terms

• Iron Curtain– Fictional European

borderline– USSR controls East

Berlin Blockade USSR Stopped Allies

from supplying West Berlin

Berlin Airlift Allied response to

blockadeDeliver by Air

Search for Allies

Cold War in EuropeObjectives

• Which regions mainly allied with NATO?

• Which regions mainly allied within the Warsaw Pact?

Terms

NATO

Warsaw Pact

• Name two movie characters that are best friends?

• Name two movie characters that are worst enemies?

Cold War in Europe-Search for Allies

East/West relationships deteriorate Leads to suspicion Both sides seek military

alliances

AlliesNATO- North Atlantic

Treaty Organization-1951Pro-America

Warsaw Pact – 1955Pro-USSR

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)

United States

Belgium

Britain

Canada

Denmark

France

Iceland

Italy

Luxemburg

Netherlands

Norway

Portugal

1952: Greece & Turkey

1955: West Germany

1983: Spain

Warsaw Pact (1955)

} U. S. S. R.

} Albania

} Bulgaria

} Czechoslovakia

} East Germany

} Hungary

} Poland

} Rumania

Cold War in EuropeObjectives

• Which regions mainly allied with NATO?– USA– Western Europe– Western Hemisphere

• Which regions mainly allied within the Warsaw Pact?– USSR– Eastern Europe

Terms

NATONorth Atlantic Treaty

OrganizationPro-America Alliance

Warsaw Pact Pro-USSR Alliance